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Wednesday 2 September

Materials Science

Charge-Transfer Electronic Structure of NiX$_2$ (X = S, Se)

Atsushi Hariki, Takaki Okauchi, Daisuke Takegami et al. (+8 more)

We investigate the electronic structures of NiS$_2$ and NiSe$_2$ using density functional theory combined with dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT). A realistic electronic structure within DFT+DMFT was determined by optimizing the double-counting correction to reproduce experimental valence-band photoemission spectra. The validity of the present model is further confirmed by its successful description of the Ni 2$p$ core-level photoemission and Ni $L$-edge x-ray absorption spectra of NiS$_2$. Our results reveal a smaller charge-transfer energy than previously assumed, resulting in substantial ligand-to-Ni charge transfer and a reduced Ni local moment. We clarify how the relative position and interaction between the Ni upper Hubbard band and the antibonding chalcogen-dimer states shape the evolution of the low-energy electronic structure across the NiS$_{2-x}$Se$_x$ series.
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All authors Atsushi Hariki, Takaki Okauchi, Daisuke Takegami, Naoki Ito, Mizuki Furo, Ayako Yamamoto, Tomoya Higo, Satoru Nakatsuji, Masato Yoshimura, Takashi Mizokawa, Jan Kunes

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Overview of multi-conjugate adaptive optics reconstructors

Clémentine Béchet

Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) systems aim at correcting for the atmospheric turbulence uniformly over wide-field observations. Compared to classical AO, this requires a tomographic reconstruction of the turbulence perturbations, that is to say a reconstruction of the atmosphere in its volume, and the control of several deformable mirrors optically conjugated to various altitudes. During the last two decades, many tomographic reconstructors have been proposed in the AO literature and some have been implemented on sky on existing MCAO systems. This paper presents an overview of MCAO reconstructors. Four categories of reconstructors are considered: i) the reconstructors based on interaction matrix; ii) the minimum-variance static reconstructors; iii) the 3-step recontructors and iv) the Kalman-based reconstructors. We discuss their relative advantages and drawbacks.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Quasicrystalline Inflation: From the Cosmological Dipole to Primordial Diffraction

Jiro Soda

We propose quasicrystalline inflation. Six quasiperiodic phases decompose into three phonons and three phasons. It turns out that a coherent pure-phason displacement can generate a local power dipole while the linear traceless quadrupole vanishes. From spatially varying quadratic effective field theory, we derive off-diagonal correlations whose momentum transfer is restricted to integer combinations of the six icosahedral wavevectors. These correlated off-diagonal signals provide a characteristic observational signature of primordial quasiperiodic order, primordial diffraction.
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Quantum Physics

Renormalization group and long-range conditional mutual information in hierarchical models

Yu-Hsueh Chen

A departure of a mixed quantum state from a local Gibbs description is generally invisible to local observables but can be detected by the conditional mutual information (CMI). Here we study the relationship between the renormalization group (RG) and CMI, and in particular, how RG constrains CMI. We first show that the CMI between nonadjacent regions $A$ and $C$, conditioned on the buffer region $B$, is UV-finite whenever the state admits a locally reversible RG with a fixed on-site Hilbert space dimension. We then study two hierarchical models that have long-range CMI and yet admit a simple RG description. The first model has a divergent Markov length at every temperature $0<T<\infty$ but nevertheless flows to an infinite-temperature product state under RG. The second model satisfies the local Markov condition while violating the global one and is stable against weak noise. At the critical noise strength, the two-point CMI decays only polynomially as a function of the system size, while the two-point mutual information vanishes.
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Quantum Physics

A variational quantum eigensolver-based cutting plane framework for semidefinite programming problems

Gizem Ozbaygin, Burak Kocuk and Diego A. Moran R

Semidefinite programming plays a key role in optimization, with broad impact across control theory, machine learning, and combinatorial optimization. Although semidefinite programs are polynomially solvable, several commonly used algorithms rest on a linear-algebraic step whose running time grows cubically with the matrix dimension and which requires the matrix itself to be held in memory, at quadratic cost. In this study, we propose replacing it with a variational quantum eigensolver, whose qubit requirement is logarithmic in the matrix dimension, and present the first end-to-end implementation of such an approach within a cutting-plane framework, together with an operator-derived ansatz whose entanglement structure is read directly from the Pauli support of the candidate matrix. Evaluated on the control family of SDPLIB against an identical scheme driven by an exact eigendecomposition, the variational oracle produces valid cuts throughout, closing 32 to 82% of the initial optimality gap against a near-constant 75 to 82% for the exact oracle. Implementing and measuring the method end to end surfaces several effects not visible from theoretical analyses alone: where memory is actually consumed, how the padding required to fit a matrix onto a quantum register can mislead the variational optimizer, and why the candidate matrices prove dense in the Pauli basis, reducing the operator-derived ansatz to full entanglement. We report these findings and discuss their implications for near-term hybrid quantum-classical approaches.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Extension of the non-pole technique to the twist-3 gluon distribution contribution in $pp$ collisions

Longjie Chen and Shinsuke Yoshida

It is known that the Sivers effect is described as a twist-3 effect within the collinear factorization framework and has the characteristic feature that it arises from the pole contribution in a hard parton scattering. The calculation formalism that focuses only on the pole part was established in the 2000s and SSAs were calculated for many processes in $ep$ and $pp$ collisions. On the other hand, there also exists a contribution from twist-3 fragmentation functions regarded as the Collins effect. The Collins effect arises from the nonpole part of the hard scattering and its calculation is formulated in a somewhat different manner from that for the Sivers effect. In recent years, some attempts have been made to revisit the Sivers effect by applying the “nonpole” formalism developed for the Collins effect. For $ep$ collisions, this approach has successfully reproduced the known results. For $pp$ collisions, however, the presence of both initial-state-interaction and final-state-interaction makes the calculation more complicated and the known results have not yet been reproduced. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem and develop the nonpole method so that it can be applied to the Sivers effect in any process.
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Fluid Dynamics

Bridging the local and the global: a physically constrained buoyancy–drag model for unified prediction of Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing widths across density ratios

You-Sheng Zhang, Ya-Feng Li, Meng-Juan Xiao et al. (+1 more)

Accurate prediction of the macroscopic width of Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) turbulent mixing layers is central to inertial confinement fusion and supernova dynamics. However, bubble–spike asymmetry, density-ratio dependence and unsteady forcing pose a persistent closure challenge: existing low-order buoyancy–drag models struggle to describe different mixing problems accurately with one model and coefficient set. We combine local front dynamics with global mass conservation in separate buoyancy–drag equations for the bubble and spike fronts. Rather than imposing shared or fixed empirical coefficients, the model retains separate inertia, buoyancy and drag coefficients on the two sides and allows them to vary independently with density ratio. Given the bubble-side state scalings, RT/RM similarity relations, a mean-composition profile and endpoint asymptotics jointly constrain all six effective coefficients without case-by-case fitting. A profile-shape parameter $c$ labels distinct internal composition states and is selected a priori from RT spike scaling measured in linear-electric-motor experiments. The model then cross-predicts the RM spike exponent without recalibration to RM spike data and, by construction, recovers low-Atwood-number bubble–spike symmetry and the high-density-ratio free-fall RT-spike and ballistic RM-spike limits. Tests against constant- and variable-acceleration RT mixing, post-impulse RM evolution and Nova laser deceleration show that one closure describes mixing-width evolution across density ratios and acceleration histories without case-specific retuning, while reducing excessive spike growth at high density ratio. This physically interpretable, asymptotically consistent framework enables cross-problem prediction of wide-density-ratio RT and post-impulse RM mixing.
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All authors You-Sheng Zhang, Ya-Feng Li, Meng-Juan Xiao, Yu-Hui Wang

Materials Science · Cross-listed from cs.LG

Scalable Bayesian Optimization of Composite Functions for Image-Based Inverse Problems in Materials Characterization

Dasol Yoon, Poompol Buathong, Chia-Hao Lee et al. (+3 more)

Estimating physical parameters from scientific images is a common inverse problem in materials characterization that often relies on expensive physics-based simulations. In electron microscopy, specimen thickness and crystal mistilt are critical parameters that govern how electrons scatter through the sample, and therefore the accuracy of any atomic-scale structure recovered from it. They are commonly inferred by matching experimental position-averaged convergent-beam electron diffraction (PACBED) patterns to simulated ones, but grid searches scale poorly and neural-network methods require extensive pretraining that may not transfer to new conditions. Here, we propose scalable Bayesian optimization of composite functions (SBOCF), a simulation-efficient method that exploits the known composite structure of the image-matching objective and the intermediate information contained in simulated images. By representing PACBED images with patch-level summaries and two correction terms, SBOCF preserves the original pixel-wise objective while reducing the number of modeled outputs from 24,649 to 11. Under a budget of 50 simulator evaluations, SBOCF outperformed standard Bayesian optimization with expected improvement on synthetic SrTiO3 benchmarks with thick and thin specimens, reducing the median final SSE by up to 290x in the thick-sample case. On experimental data, SBOCF produced parameter estimates consistent with previously reported values without task-specific pretraining. For a simulated mistilted specimen, using the SBOCF estimates in a downstream ptychographic reconstruction recovered sharp atoms that were otherwise blurred. These results establish SBOCF as a promising approach for inverse problems involving expensive simulators and high-dimensional structured outputs.
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All authors Dasol Yoon, Poompol Buathong, Chia-Hao Lee, Yujia Zhang, David A. Muller, Peter I. Frazier

Fluid Dynamics

Reynolds-number evolution of wall-pressure statistics beneath canonical turbulent boundary layers

Rahul Deshpande, Balaraman Panneerselvam, Vijaya R. R. Gudla et al. (+2 more)

This study investigates the Reynolds-number (Re_\tau) evolution of wall-pressure statistics beneath zero-pressure-gradient TBLs, and links their logarithmic variation to the increasingly energetic large-scale motions in the logarithmic region. The wall-pressure skewness is found to become more negative with increasing Re_\tau, owing to increasing contributions from large-scale wall-pressure fluctuations (that are negatively skewed) and their nonlinear interaction with the statistically invariant inner-scale fluctuations (that are positively skewed). The analysis draws on new, well-resolved simultaneous measurements of wall pressure and streamwise velocity spanning 5000 < Re_\tau < 11300 in the Melbourne tunnel, atmospheric surface-layer measurements at Re_\tau = O(10^6) and a published simulation dataset at Re_\tau = O(10^3). Particular attention is paid to the principal experimental limitations affecting wall-pressure statistics: spatial resolution, Helmholtz resonance, facility noise and statistical convergence. Helmholtz resonance is shown to contaminate inner-scale wall-pressure contributions even after conventional corrections, and reliable estimation of skewness is found to require acquisition durations of O(10^5) eddy-turnover times or longer. The inner-scaled wall pressure spectrum is Reynolds-number invariant over the small-scale regime, in contrast to turbulent channel and pipe flows, whereas at intermediate and large scales it grows substantially with Re_\tau, consistent with these internal flows. Linear and quadratic velocity–wall-pressure coherence link these intermediate- and large-scale contributions to two dynamically distinct coherent structures: the self-similar attached-eddy hierarchy and turbulent superstructures, respectively. These analyses establish the connection between the inertial region and the log variation of wall-pressure variance and skewness with Re_\tau
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All authors Rahul Deshpande, Balaraman Panneerselvam, Vijaya R. R. Gudla, Joe Klewicki, Ivan Marusic

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Optimization of adaptive optics correction during observations: Algorithms and system parameters identification in closed-loop

Clémentine Béchet, Michel Tallon and Éric Thiébaut

The adaptive optics (AO) on the European Extremely Large Telescope, as well as earlier pathfinders like the Adaptive Optics Facility, at the Very Large Telescope in 2014, will no longer be stationary systems. AO is no longer isolated on a bench; some elements are directly in the optical train of the telescope, suffering environment and constrains changes during the observations. To guarantee good performance at any observing time, we investigate a self-calibration strategy. We focus here on one of the most challenging aspects: the identification of system parameters during closed-loop observations without introducing any additional disturbance. Such problem is known in the identification theory to be difficult to solve. We have recently presented (Béchet et al., AO4ELT2 Conference, 2011) an identification method for this, with promising results obtained in simulations. To consolidate these advances, we come back in the present paper to the equations and provide a theoretical analysis to justify the choice of the algorithm. We highlight the benefit of using incremental data and commands to decorrelate the disturbance. We also present 2 implementations of the method, currently studied at the European Southern Observatory.
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Materials Science

EuIn2Sb2: epitaxially stabilized axion insulator candidate with strong spin-orbit coupling

Hsiang Lee, Shinichi Nishihaya, Markus Kriener et al. (+5 more)

Eu triangular lattice layer compounds described by the general formula EuA2X2 have attracted growing attention due to a wide range of layered crystal structures and corresponding magnetic topological phases, arising from the coexistence of large Eu magnetic moments and energetically inverted A and X bands. Among the EuA2X2 family, EuIn2Sb2 has been predicted to host robust axion insulator and higher-order topological insulator states by stronger spin-orbit coupling but has not been experimentally realized, including the structural identification. Here we report the epitaxial stabilization of EuIn2Sb2 by adopting the molecular beam epitaxy technique. Structural characterization reveals that EuIn2Sb2 films are based on a unique In-on-In stacking, forming a new trilayer structure distinct from previously predicted structures in the EuA2X2 family. In addition to the in-plane antiferromagnetic ordering at TN=10.5K, the stronger spin-orbit coupling and enhanced In-In hybridization in EuIn2Sb2 make it an ideal candidate of axion insulator and higher-order topological insulator phases. These results establish EuIn2Sb2 as a new member of the EuA2X2 family and offer an advanced platform for exploring these magnetic topological phases.
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All authors Hsiang Lee, Shinichi Nishihaya, Markus Kriener, Ayano Nakamura, Tadashi Yoneda, Yuki Deguchi, Makuro Goto, Masaki Uchida

Quantum Physics

Logarithmic-scale variational quantum eigensolver for off-lattice protein structure prediction in continuous torsional angle space

Fabio Cumbo, Bryan Raubenolt, Varun Puram et al. (+3 more)

Classical and current quantum approaches to protein structure prediction (QPSP) face limitations, notably massive qubit requirements restricting near-term models to simplistic on-lattice simulations. We propose a logarithmic-scale variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) that reduces qubit requirements for N torsional degrees of freedom to O(log2N), enabling off-lattice, all-atom simulations. Our architecture extracts molecular torsions from relative phases in statevector simulations. On quantum hardware, a decoder maps the empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) from basis-state probabilities to bounded torsional variables. These feed a classical algorithm to build heavy-atom coordinates. We use an EfficientSU2 ansatz and multi-stage relaxation to mitigate barren plateaus. Structures are evaluated via a custom hybrid quantum-classical Hamiltonian, alongside Rosetta and OpenMM benchmarks. Evaluation on chignolin and Trp-cage yielded native-like conformations. Chignolin reached a 0.623 Å C{\alpha} RMSD in retained snapshots and 1.199 Å in final models; Trp-cage achieved a 2.501 Å RMSD among snapshots (3.512 Å in final models). Execution on IBM processors (ibm_cleveland, ibm_miami) successfully recovered native-like structures with a best RMSD of 1.758 Å. The custom energy function performed best overall, though energy-ranking imbalances persisted across sampled landscapes for all functions. This introduces the first all-atom, continuous-space quantum algorithm for QPSP. By converting physical qubit constraints into circuit depth constraints, it proves high-resolution prediction is feasible with exponentially fewer qubits. Despite current limits like computational overhead and energy function sensitivity, it establishes a scalable foundation for hybrid quantum biophysics.
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All authors Fabio Cumbo, Bryan Raubenolt, Varun Puram, Natalie Katzenmeyer, Jayadev Joshi, Daniel Blankenberg

High Energy Physics (Theory) · Cross-listed from math.NT

Summing the reciprocal of the polynomial appearing in Fermat's Last Theorem

Ariel Edery

Consider the polynomial $f=x^N+y^N-z^N$ where $x,\,y$ and $z$ are positive integers and $N \ge 3$ is an integer. By Fermat's Last Theorem, $f$ is never zero so that its reciprocal, $1/f$, has no singularities. We therefore study the finite sum of the reciprocal: $S(m,N)=\sum_{x=1}^m\sum_{y=1}^m\sum_{z=1}^{m}\frac{1}{f}$. The terms $1/f$ can be positive, negative and their magnitude is less than unity. A key observation is that $S(m,N)$ can be split into two convenient parts: a dominant contribution $D(m,N)$ that has a simple analytical expression and a remainder $R(m,N)$ which is more complicated but negligible compared to $D(m,N)$. Therefore, $S(m,N)$ is almost identical to $D(m,N)$. The analytical expression for $D(m,N)$ is $(2\,m-1)\,H_m^{(N)}$ where $H_m^{(N)}=\sum_{x=1}^m\frac{1}{x^N}$ approaches quickly the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(N)$ as $m$ increases. Therefore, the original sum $S(m,N)$ has a simple expression: it is basically linear in $m$ with slope equal to $2\,\zeta(N)$. Its linear behavior is not an asymptotic result; plots of $S(m,N)$ vs. $m$ for different $N$ show a straight line starting at $m=1$. $S(m,N)$ deviates slightly from a straight line over a small interval $8\le m\le 12$ for the case $N=3$. This slight deviation is due to Fermat near misses where $x^3+y^3-z^3=\pm 1$ (for $z\ne x$ and $z\ne y$); these create a jump in the remainder $R(m,3)$ at $m=9$. We make a numerical and analytical study of the remainder $R(m,N)$. From the numerical analysis, $R(m,N)$ converges for $N\ge 4$ but it was harder to tell whether $N=3$ converged. An analytical study based on a comparison of $R(m,N)$ to its Cauchy principal value integral, shows that $R(m,3)$ likely diverges logarithmically. It also shows that $R(m,N)$ converges for $N\ge 4$ in agreement with the numerical analysis. We discuss in the conclusion some interesting questions for future investigation.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Cosmological implications for hairy black holes via spontaneous symmetry breaking: Are Hairy Black Holes Primordial?

Suruj Jyoti Das and Miok Park

We investigate whether hairy black holes generated through spontaneous symmetry breaking in Einstein-Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (ESGB) theory, involving a complex scalar field with a global $U(1)$ symmetry, can be compatible with cosmological evolution. To this end, we introduce the ESGB theory with a scalar self-interaction that becomes relevant on cosmological scales while remaining negligible near the black hole. Owing to the time dependence of the GB term on cosmological scales, the scalar field dynamics in the evolving FLRW background differ qualitatively from those in the nearly static black hole background. In particular, for scalar-GB couplings compatible with hairy black hole formation, the effective potential supports a symmetry-broken vacuum throughout inflation. However, after inflation, a decelerated expansion changes the sign of the GB term, temporarily making the effective potential unbounded from below. As the GB contribution subsequently decreases, the scalar self-interaction eventually dominates and restores the symmetry. Within this schematic framework, we derive stringent constraints on the coupling strengths, the cutoff scale, and the black hole mass, which primarily arise for avoiding efficient tachyonic amplification of the scalar field perturbations during the unbounded phase. For cutoff scales compatible with both cosmological evolution and scalar hair formation, we find that only ultralight black holes with masses of the order of a few grams can develop scalar hair, identifying them as hairy primordial black holes.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Persistence and emergence of quantum defects through pressure-induced phase changes

Alexander J Healey, Alan Salek, Christopher T-K Lew et al. (+15 more)

Extreme pressures can transform materials and their properties, but probing these in-situ is made challenging by the small sample volumes and access requirements demanded by diamond anvil cells. Quantum defects offer a route to local measurements under such conditions, yet their sensing performance can be dictated by pressure-induced changes in their own host material. On the other hand, pressure may also be harnessed as a tool to engineer and stabilize new quantum defects with emergent functionalities. Here, we demonstrate both aspects within a unified platform based on optically active spin-pair defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). As robust quantum sensors under pressure, these spin-1/2 systems retain pressure-independent spin resonances up to 20 GPa while maintaining or even enhancing their optical emission, in stark contrast to the spin-1 boron-vacancy centre in the same material. Simultaneously, we show that compression acts as a means of quantum defect engineering: the starting hBN undergoes an irreversible transformation into wurtzite boron nitride (wBN), during which the defect landscape is reconfigured. Spin-pair sensors are seen to persist across this structural transition, however, depending on the starting material we also observe new, highly fluorescent defects in the wBN phase. These results establish spin-pair defects in boron nitride as pressure-resilient quantum sensors while highlighting high pressure itself as a versatile pathway for creating and tuning quantum emitters.
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All authors Alexander J Healey, Alan Salek, Christopher T-K Lew, Zsolt Benedek, Brett C Johnson, Josiah E Hsi, Islay O Robertson, Kaijian Xing, Hiroshi Abe, Takeshi Ohshima, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Mehran Kianinina, Viktor Ivady, Igor Aharonovich, Dougal McCulloch, Jean-Philippe Tetienne, David A Broadway

Optics

Laser-induced phase shift of swift electrons

Christian Dwyer and David M. Paganin

We revisit the calculation of the phase shift experienced by swift electrons on passing through the electromagnetic field of a laser. Such phase shifts are now utilized in the form of `laser phase plates' in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), for example. We calculate the phase shift using three different methods, namely, perturbation theory applied to the Dirac equation, the Volkov solution to the Klein-Gordon equation, and the relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We find that all three methods are in agreement, and that the calculated phase shift is independent of the relative orientation of the electron and laser beams. The agreement between the quantum and classical theories is explained. The duality between the phase shifts experienced by electrons, photons and neutrons is described. Our Lorentz invariant result for the phase shift differs from certain results published in the literature.
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Quantum Physics

An Entanglement-Assisted Stabilizer Framework for Distributed Sensing of Local Phases

Huidan Zheng, Ilkwon Sohn and Jun Heo

Distributed quantum sensing requires spatially separated probes to acquire local parameters while maintaining compatibility with network-level quantum information processing. We develop an entanglement-assisted stabilizer framework based on the extended structure of entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting (EAQEC) codes, in which the remote halves of pre-shared ebits are used directly as local phase probes while the joint state simultaneously carries an encoded logical subsystem. Each remote probe acquires a local Z-axis phase and subsequently returns through an X-type noise channel. Within the extended EAQEC stabilizer structure, the stabilizer containing $X_{B_j}$ provides phase-dependent measurement statistics, whereas its partner containing $Z_{B_j}$ records the corresponding return-error syndrome. A graph-code formulation is introduced to make this structure explicit, together with an illustrative [[5,1,3;2]] construction. We further show that, conditioned on the joint sensing-and-syndrome measurement record, the post-sensing state differs from the original encoded state only by a known Pauli transformation, so that the logical information remains available for subsequent encoded operations. For the local-phase model considered here, the stabilizer readout attains the available quantum Fisher information, while the finite-shot estimator approaches the corresponding $1/\sqrt{M}$ scaling as the number of repetitions increases. The framework therefore provides a common entanglement-assisted stabilizer structure for distributed local-phase sensing, restricted return-error identification, and post-sensing logical-state retention, without relying on an intrinsic metrological enhancement from EAQEC itself.
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Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

BICEP/Keck XXII: Analysis of the South Pole Atmosphere for CMB Observations

P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri et al. (+92 more)

The South Pole is among the driest sites on Earth, and the resulting high atmospheric transparency makes it an excellent site for millimeter-wave astronomical observations. Nevertheless, for bolometric surveys of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), fluctuations in line-of-sight water vapor drive variable atmospheric emission, which has a significant impact on survey sensitivity. We have deployed a water vapor radiometer (WVR) to characterize these fluctuations in space and time and to compare atmospheric and CMB signals with other sites. This WVR has been monitoring conditions from the South Pole over the past nine years, co-located and co-observing with the BICEP series of telescopes. In this work, we analyze the performance of the WVR and the characteristics of the South Pole atmosphere and demonstrate coherent wind-driven transport of water vapor structures across the site. We show that fluctuations in CMB detector timestreams are well correlated with fluctuations in atmospheric water vapor, providing independent justification for baseline filtering procedures used to remove these fluctuations and providing a new pathway to detect and mitigate the temperature-to-polarization leakage that currently limits the precision of ground-based CMB polarization measurements.
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All authors P. A. R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, D. Barron, R. Basu Thakur, I. Birdwell, C. A. Bischoff, D. Beck, J. J. Bock, V. Buza, B. Cantrall, J. R. Cheshire IV, J. Connors, J. Cornelison, M. Crumrine, A. J. Cukierman, E. Denison, L. Duband, M. A. Echter, M. Eiben, B. D. Elwood, S. Fatigoni, J. P. Filippini, A. Fortes, M. Gao, C. Giannakopoulos, N. Goeckner-Wald, D. C. Goldfinger, S. Gratton, J. A. Grayson, A. Greathouse, P. K. Grimes, G. Halal, M. Halpern, E. Hand, S. A. Harrison, S. Henderson, T. D. Hoang, J. Hubmayr, H. Hui, K. D. Irwin, J. H. Kang, K. S. Karkare, S. Kefeli, J. M. Kovac, C. Kuo, K. Lasko, K. Lau, M. Lautzenhiser, T. Liu, S. C. Mackey, N. Maher, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, L. Moncelsi, Y. Nakato, H. T. Nguyen, R. O'Brien, S. N. Paine, A. Papen, A. Patel, M. A. Petroff, A. R. Polish, N. Precup, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, C. D. Reintsema, T. Romand, M. Salatino, A. Schillaci, B. Schmitt, C. D. Sheehy, B. Singari, A. Soliman, T. St. Germaine, A. Steiger, B. Steinbach, R. Sudiwala, G. Teply, K. L. Thompson, C. Tucker, A. D. Turner, C. Verges, A. G. Vieregg, A. Wandui, A. C. Weber, J. Willmert, C. L. Wong, W. L. K. Wu, H. Yang, C. Yu, L. Zeng, C. Zhang, S. Zhang

Quantum Physics

A Quantum Algorithm for the Radical of a Lie Algebra: Kernel Projection and Conditioning

Yibin Wang

Every finite-dimensional real or complex Lie algebra has a largest solvable ideal, its radical. In the compact dynamical Lie algebra (DLA) of a closed quantum system, this radical is the center; projecting onto it isolates directions that commute with the supplied algebra. With sparse Lie-bracket data and a known spectral gap, we construct a quantum circuit that approximately encodes this coefficient-space projector. The general construction combines the derived-algebra map with the Killing form, whereas compactness makes the Killing form alone sufficient. This distinction matters for numerical sensitivity, and our main theorem gives its exact law under an invariant-orthonormal basis adapted to the center and semisimple part. In a compact real algebra with a nonzero semisimple part, the condition number of the general operator is the three-halves power of the Killing-form condition number on that part. The compact projector in turn yields a bounded-error test for whether the center is trivial, provided that any nonzero center has at least a stated minimum dimension. This gives a controlled test for internal conserved directions in compact quantum dynamics.
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Chemical Physics

Biquaternion Algebra with Bilinear Multiplication: A General, Elegant, and Computationally Advantageous Framework for Relativistic Electronic Structure Calculations on CPUs and GPUs

Sylvia Kaviraj, Stanislav Komorovsky, Trond Saue et al. (+1 more)

Quaternion algebra provides a natural representation of time-reversal-symmetric matrix structures in relativistic electronic-structure theory, whereas complementary time-reversal-antisymmetric structures extend this representation to complex quaternions, or biquaternions. Here, we explicitly exploit biquaternion algebra for fundamental objects, including operators, kinetically and magnetically balanced basis functions, and their expectation values, within a unified framework encompassing real, complex, and real quaternion subalgebras as special cases. To realize this framework computationally, we have developed HMATLIB, a biquaternion matrix library implemented within the ReSpect package for pure CPU and hybrid CPU/GPU execution. A key development is a bilinear algorithm for matrix-valued biquaternion multiplication that reduces the number of real matrix–matrix multiplications from 64 to 24 compared with the conventional component-wise approach, while the biquaternion representation effectively doubles the maximum accessible matrix dimension under the same 32-bit indexing constraint. Numerical benchmarks on modern CPU and GPU architectures demonstrate that the biquaternion formulation consistently outperforms its isomorphic complex-algebra counterpart. For the largest matrices reported, hybrid CPU/GPU execution accelerates bilinear matrix multiplication by approximately 5-8 times over pure CPU execution and matrix diagonalization by approximately 12 and 61 times relative to CPU oneAPI MKL and NVHPC OpenBLAS, respectively. These results establish biquaternion algebra as a general and computationally advantageous framework for modern relativistic electronic-structure calculations.
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All authors Sylvia Kaviraj, Stanislav Komorovsky, Trond Saue, Michal Repisky

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Calculating the squeezed bispectrum in stochastic inflation by Monte Carlo simulation

Koichi Miyamoto and Yuichiro Tada

The bispectrum of cosmological perturbations is an important probe of inflation and the underlying particle physics. However, calculating it becomes challenging in inflation models where inflaton dynamics is dominated by quantum diffusion rather than slow-roll, especially in the multi-field case. In this paper, employing the stochastic-$\delta \mathcal{N}$ formalism, we propose a Monte Carlo-based method to calculate the bispectrum in the squeezed limit, as an extension of the method for the power spectrum that we previously proposed. Our method involves generating paths of inflatons' time evolution that branch only several times, avoiding nested path generation, which incurs a prohibitive computational cost. As numerical demonstrations, we apply the proposed method to single- and double-field chaotic inflation for validation, and to hybrid inflation with mild waterfall, for which, to the best of our knowledge, the bispectrum is calculated for the first time in this work.
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Accelerator Physics

Rapid Mapping of Photocathode Quantum Efficiency: A Magnetized Electron Beam Imaging Approach

Yihan Liu, Lianmin Zheng and Yingchao Du

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a key property of photocathodes, and its uniformity is essential for producing high-brightness electron beams. Cathode imaging provides an in-situ and real-time approach for QE mapping, but in RF guns, a high charge per bunch is often needed to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Under such conditions, space charge effects can significantly degrade the imaging resolution and may even make point-to-point cathode imaging ineffective. In this paper, we propose a novel cathode imaging method based on a magnetized electron beam. Its feasibility is examined through theoretical analysis and beam dynamics simulations. The results show that the proposed method enables point-to-point cathode imaging in the ten picocoulomb charge regime. For a 10 pC, 3ps beam with a cathode magnetic field of 1200 Gauss, simulations indicate an imaging resolution of 11 um, representing nearly an order-of-magnitude improvement over the non-magnetized beam method.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Collective Onset of Matter-Induced Scalarization around a Black Hole with Two Thin Shells

Masahiro Kaminaga

We study the linear onset of matter-induced scalarization for a static black hole surrounded by two spatially separated thin matter shells. We assume that the conformal matter coupling is unity on the scalar-free background and that its logarithmic derivative vanishes there. The scalar perturbation then decouples from the metric and matter perturbations at first order, while the invariant surface traces of the shells give singular terms in the scalar equation. For a static spherical black-hole exterior with no bulk scalar effective-mass term between the shells, the onset reduces to the finite-rank condition $$ 1-a_1-a_2+(1-\chi)a_1a_2=0, \qquad \chi=\frac{{\cal S}(R_2)}{{\cal S}(R_1)}, $$ where $a_j$ is the attractive strength of shell $j$ normalized by its one–shell threshold on the same background and ${\cal S}$ is the static radial resistance. This relation shows that two individually subcritical shells can collectively destabilize the scalar-free black hole. We derive the critical scalar cloud in closed form and verify numerically, in the Schwarzschild probe problem, that a growing mode with a finite growth rate appears beyond the threshold. For an exact scalar-free background consisting of three Schwarzschild regions joined by two Israel shells, we separately derive the static onset condition and the corresponding critical cloud. The exact Israel trace also exhibits a sign transition whose light-shell limit occurs at the Schwarzschild photon sphere.
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Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.PR

Coalescence and fluctuations of O'Connell$\unicode{x2013}$Yor polymers via the free-energy correlation profile

Firas Rassoul-Agha, Xiao Shen, Ruixuan Zhang et al. (+1 more)

We establish an identity relating the spatial derivative of a two-point free-energy correlation to two fundamental geometric quantities: the annealed probability that two independently sampled polymers, in the same environment, meet before reaching the prescribed terminal level, and the exit-point location of a single polymer. Our result is inspired in part by recent integration-by-parts work of Gu and Quastel for the KPZ equation. A crucial step in their continuous setting relies on an ingenious application of Itô's formula, which has no direct analogue in our semi-discrete setting. Instead, we exploit intrinsic symmetries of the polymer model together with the memoryless property. We also provide two applications: (i) we recover the horizontal Burke property by proving that the anchored stationary horizontal free-energy profile is a two-sided Brownian motion; (ii) in the zero-temperature limit, we obtain the corresponding identity for Brownian last-passage percolation.
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All authors Firas Rassoul-Agha, Xiao Shen, Ruixuan Zhang, Guangqu Zheng

Applied Physics

Nanoporous Copper Films as Platform for UV-SERS: Sensitivity and Ability to Perform Chiral Discrimination

Huaizhou Jin, Anastasiia Sapunova, Yanqiu Zou et al. (+8 more)

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the ultraviolet (UV) region offers important advantages for biomolecular detection, including resonance enhancement and reduced fluorescence interference. However, the development of UV SERS substrates that combine low cost, reproducibility, and chemical stability remains challenging. Here, we employ a dry synthesis approach to fabricate nanoporous Cu and copper oxide (CuO) films on silicon substrates and systematically evaluate their UV SERS performance using adenine as a Raman reporter under 325 nm excitation. Among the substrates investigated, nanoporous Cu exhibits the strongest enhancement, enabling adenine detection down to 10 microM. In contrast, no detectable adenine Raman signal is observed under 532 nm excitation, indicating that the enhancement is dominated by a UV induced chemical, charge transfer mechanism rather than conventional electromagnetic enhancement. The Cu substrates further enable the UV Raman spectroscopy of streptavidin, as a test protein, and, more interestingly, the discrimination between L and D tryptophane based solely on differences in UV SERS intensity, without chiral selectors or additional surface functionalization. By varying the substrate rotation speed during metal evaporation, the enantioselective response can be tuned, yielding L over D intensity ratios from 1.10 to 2.35 and demonstrating the critical role of substrate morphology in chiral discrimination. The dry synthesized nanoporous films provide a simpler, scalable, and ligand free fabrication strategy while offering additional capability for enantioselective detection. These findings establish dry processed nanoporous Cu films as promising platforms for UV-SERS biosensing and label free chiral analysis.
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All authors Huaizhou Jin, Anastasiia Sapunova, Yanqiu Zou, Ali Douaki, German Lanzavecchia, Nicolo Maccaferri, Costantino De Angelis, Roman Krahne, Zhenrong Zheng, Shangzhong Jin, Denis Garoli

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Lightweight Soft X-ray Imager (LSXI) with glass-based coded mask

Dali Zhang, Chao Zheng, Lu Wang et al. (+23 more)

The coded mask technique has been widely used in X-ray and Gamma-ray imagers, especially in space astronomy. However, the traditional design of coded mask imagers usually has problems with large size and heavy weight. Here, we propose a novel design for a coded mask imager made of glass based on microchannel plate (MCP) technology, making it lightweight (within 1 kg), compact, and self-supporting, which is very suitable for space exploration satellites. The design is initially demonstrated by reconstructing encoded patterns from measurements at the X-ray beamline. Monte Carlo simulations of the module integrated into a 6U CubeSat are conducted to assess its in-orbit detector performance, including sensitivity and source localization.
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All authors Dali Zhang, Chao Zheng, Lu Wang, Haopeng Li, Jinpeng Zhang, Xinqiao Li, Shaolin Xiong, Longhui Li, Zhenghua An, Sheng Yang, Xiaoqing Cong, Zhixing Ling, Hailing Qin, Xiangyang Wen, Ke Gong, Yaqing Liu, Xiaojing Liu, Xiang Ma, Xiaoyun Zhao, Yanbing Xu, Junhao Yin, Dejun Gong, Jiacong Liu, Chenwei Wang, Min Gao, Jinzhou Wang

Nuclear Theory

Impact of nuclear triaxial deformation on electromagnetic fields in relativistic $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}+^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ collisions

Maidi Huang, Jin Hu, Yunpeng Liu et al. (+1 more)

Electromagnetic fields produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions depend sensitively on the initial spatial distribution of nuclear charge. Using the Liénard–Wiechert potential with a triaxially deformed Woods–Saxon density, we calculate the transverse electric and magnetic field distributions in $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.44\text{ TeV}$. We systematically examine how the triaxiality angle $\gamma$ modifies the field structure at the collision time ($t=0$) in semi-central events, using spherical nuclear collisions as a baseline. The results show that nuclear triaxiality causes distinct spatial redistributions of both electric and magnetic fields in the transverse plane. These findings indicate that initial electromagnetic fields encode key information on intrinsic nuclear shapes, offering an additional constraint on nuclear deformation and its consequences for field-sensitive observables in heavy-ion collisions.
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All authors Maidi Huang, Jin Hu, Yunpeng Liu, Baoyi Chen

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Observation of $\psi(3686)\to p K^- K_S^0 \bar \Xi^0+c.c.$

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+772 more)

Using a sample of $(2.712 \pm 0.014) \times 10^{9}$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector, the decay of $\psi(3686)\to p K^- K_S^0 \bar \Xi^0+c.c.$ is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of $11.5\sigma$. The branching fraction of this decay is measured to be $(2.84\pm 0.40\pm 0.25) \times 10^{-6}$, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This measurement extends the experimental information on rare multi-strange $\psi(3686)$ decays and provides an experimental reference for future studies of related decay modes.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, Yi. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, Z. J. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, K. X. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, L. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, S. Gramigna, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, J. Y. Hao, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Yi Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, Zaiyi Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, Ziqiang Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, C. L. Ma, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, H. X. Mao, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, C. Y. Pang, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, L. Y. Qian, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, M. Schernau, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, Ch. Y. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, H. Tabaharizato, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, Z. H. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, B. Wang, Bin Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Chao Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, F. K. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. H. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, Mi Wang, N. Y. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, T. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Yanning Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zhi Wang, Ziyi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, D. J. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, H. R. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Z. Wu, H. L. Xia, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, D. B. Xiong, C. J. Xu, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, L. Y. Yang, N. Yang, R. J. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. G. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. M. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Youhua Yang, Z. B. Yang, W. J. Yao, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, Yongchao Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, Jie Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Yujie Zeng, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, B. L. Zhang, B. R. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, Gengyuan Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. L. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, Han Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Zhaoke Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Ziyu Zhang, G. Zhao, J.-P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, M. Zhuge, J. H. Zou, J. Zu

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems

Phase-delays shape multistability and basin sizes in Kuramoto networks: analytical estimates from network structure

Kalel L. Rossi, Antonio Mihara, Lyle E. Muller et al. (+2 more)

We study how network connectivity and heterogeneous phase-delays shape the spatiotemporal dynamics of finite oscillator networks. Phase-delays can destabilize global synchronization and promote phase-locked patterns, including states with uniform phase gradients and more complex combinations of these modes. Yet, how connectivity and phase-delays jointly determine which states the network selects remains unclear. Here, we show that the spectrum of a composite matrix, which combines connectivity and phase-delays, governs not only the linear stability of the network's collective states but also their basin sizes. This, in turn, enables analytical estimates of basin size of phase-locked states for individual networks from connectivity and phase-delays alone. Applying this framework to nonlocal and global networks, including cases with random phase-delays, we uncover multistability and strong asymmetries in basin sizes, revealing chiral dynamics that conventional stability analysis cannot detect.
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All authors Kalel L. Rossi, Antonio Mihara, Lyle E. Muller, Rene O. Medrano-T, Roberto C. Budzinski

Quantum Physics

Analytic Maximal Violation of Extended MABK Inequalities for Generalized GHZ States

Kun-Peng Wu, Hui-Xian Meng, Jie Zhou et al. (+1 more)

We analytically characterize the maximal quantum violation of the extended Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko (EMABK) family of inequalities by $n$-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. We develop a correlation-tensor approach in which the Bell value is expressed as the Frobenius inner product of the quantum correlation tensor and an effective coefficient tensor. A rank constraint on the latter, together with the von Neumann trace inequality, yields an upper bound governed by the two largest singular values of the reshaped correlation-tensor. For generalized GHZ states, we determine the complete singular spectrum and obtain a piecewise analytic upper bound. We then construct two complementary measurement strategies that saturate the bound for EMABK throughout the entire parameter range. The first is a purely MABK strategy in which all measurement directions lie in the equatorial plane of the Bloch sphere. The second is a hybrid strategy that recursively combines lower-order MABK anti-diagonal operators with the fully-$\sigma_z$ tensor product. The resulting piecewise analytic expression recovers the standard MABK Tsirelson bound $2^{(n-1)/2}$ in the maximally entangled limit and approaches the classical local-hidden-variable bound in the product-state limits. It further shows that every entangled generalized GHZ state exhibits a strict quantum-classical separation under the EMABK inequality, thereby eliminating the nonviolation region of the standard MABK inequality in the partially entangled regime.
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All authors Kun-Peng Wu, Hui-Xian Meng, Jie Zhou, Jing-Ling Chen