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Monday 27 July

Quantum Physics

Non-classical photon statistics in frequency-modulated double quantum dot cavity systems

T. Mihaescu, A. Isar and M. A. Macovei

The quantum dynamics of a double quantum dot two-level system, coupled to a leaking microwave resonator mode, is theoretically investigated. The double quantum dot is driven by applying a continuous field giving rise to time-dependent modulations of its energy separation between the ground levels of each dot, forming the qubit. Therefore, the cavity resonances occur when the difference between the resonator and the qubit frequencies equals the multiple of the modulation frequency, respectively. In the strong Coulomb interaction limit and the weak couplings of the combined system, i.e. the qubit and the single-mode cavity, to corresponding electronic, phononic or photonic reservoirs, we have demonstrated that the output cavity electromagnetic field is formed of a single-photon flux obeying the sub-Poissonian quantum photon statistics. This was proved via Fano's factor behaviour or by comparing the resonator's second- and third-order photon correlation functions, respectively. The phonon, the cavity mode dephasing or the environmental temperatures influence on the quantum properties of the photons are also discussed.
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Quantum Physics

Variational Quantum Conditional Boltzmann Machines for Time-Series Forecasting: Architectures, Symmetric Hyperparameter Evaluation, and a Nonlinear Benchmark

Gerhard Hellstern, Danyal Maheshwari, Martin Zaefferer et al. (+2 more)

In this study, we developed and evaluated four conditional energy-based forecasting architectures: a classical Gaussian-Bernoulli CRBM, a hybrid quantum-classical QCRBM, a full-register QQRBM, and a lag-feature QFeatureQRBM with complete derivations of their conditional distributions, Contrastive-Divergence gradients, and hybrid training, bridging the energy-based formulation and the implementation-level quantum computation. Unlike prior comparisons, our evaluation enforces symmetric hyperparameter optimisation: classical and quantum-specific hyperparameters receive an equally thorough grid search across thirteen structured experiments. We test on two data classes, a Gaussian-process dataset (GP) generated with real financial data and the input-driven NARMA-10 nonlinear benchmark. Across both regimes we find no systematic evidence of a quantum advantage at the available sample size: no quantum architecture improves on the best classical baseline. The fully quantum QQRBM and QFeatureQRBM are significantly worse, whereas the hybrid QCRBM is statistically indistinguishable from the strongest classical CRBM on both datasets. A power analysis bounds this null result: at n = 12 only medium-to-large effects are detectable, so small advantages cannot be excluded. An iso-parameter (matched-budget) comparison reaches the same conclusion: the classical CRBM is lowest at three of the four budgets and no CRBM-vs-QCRBM difference is significant at any budget.
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All authors Gerhard Hellstern, Danyal Maheshwari, Martin Zaefferer, Martin Braun, Tanja Döhler

Mathematical Physics

Local Weyl law and length-minimising loops on hyperbolic surfaces

Daniel Meriaz

We study the variance of a local Weyl law over a fixed smooth energy window, when averaged over large Weil–Petersson hyperbolic surfaces. Our results are consistent with the predictions of Berry's random wave model. Our approach allows to explicitly integrate certain test functions which depend on lengths of based geodesic loops, and relate them to the associated lengths of the closed geodesics in their free-homotopy class. We thus utilise the work of Mirzakhani, with exact stationary phase arguments, to identify correct main and error terms, making explicit the asymptotic behaviour of the variance of the local Weyl law. Furthermore, we introduce the geometric notion of length-minimising geodesic loops and sequences, based at a point. We prove a complete characterisation of the topology of these, namely that they are simple. This forms a key ingredient in our study, and yields a new streamlined argument to bound the contributions of remainder terms which depend on lengths of pairs of different short primitive geodesic loops. To illustrate the generality of our results, we further introduce a family of "exploring" loops based at a point, which might be of independent interest.
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Fluid Dynamics · Cross-listed from math.NA

A vectorial lattice Boltzmann scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Denise Aregba-Driollet, Thomas Bellotti, Roberto Natalini et al. (+1 more)

We introduce a second-order accurate vectorial lattice Boltzmann scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes system, inspired by a discrete-velocity kinetic approximation proposed by Carfora and Natalini [ESAIM: M2AN, 42(1), 93-112, 2008]. Advantages and drawbacks compared to relaxation schemes are investigated by providing spectral analyses in the linearized case, and numerical validations on the genuinely non-linear problem.
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All authors Denise Aregba-Driollet, Thomas Bellotti, Roberto Natalini, Tommaso Tenna

Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.AP

On a free boundary problem of the Boltzmann equation

Shengchuang Chang, Renjun Duan and Shuangqian Liu

This paper studies a free boundary problem for the Boltzmann equation that models the interaction of rarefied gas with a moving wall—a classical piston problem in kinetic theory. The piston motion is governed by Newton's law under the drag force exerted by the gas, with or without an additional Hookean restoring force. A central challenge for such a problem is the strong coupling between the kinetic equation and the free moving boundary, for which the classical Lagrangian formulation is unavailable due to low-regularity of solutions. Our approach relies on two new ingredients: a conformal transformation is introduced to reduce the moving domain to a fixed domain, and a coupled energy structure linking the kinetic distribution and free boundary variables is uncovered to reveal intrinsic dissipation and cancellation mechanisms at the interface. These structural observations lead to a global nonlinear theory for the fully coupled system. As a result, we establish the global existence, uniqueness, nonlinear stability, and exponential convergence to equilibrium of solutions near a global Maxwellian. This provides the first rigorous global well-posedness theory for a fully coupled Boltzmann free boundary problem of piston type.
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Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

HELIOS: An LLM-Driven Autonomous Indirect Trajectory Optimization Agent

An-yi Huang

Low-thrust trajectory optimization is a core technology in deep-space mission design. Indirect methods based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) offer rigorous optimality guarantees, yet their practical application faces three bottlenecks: (1) transversality conditions must be derived case by case for each constraint type; (2) different dynamics models require repeated code rewrites; and (3) shooting equations are highly sensitive to initial guesses. This paper presents HELIOS (Heuristic Engine for Low-thrust Interplanetary Optimization System), a trajectory optimization agent built around a large language model (LLM). Given a physical problem described in natural language, the system autonomously performs PMP symbolic derivation, SymPy verification, C++ shooting-code generation, and numerical solution without human intervention. Key innovations include: (1) a constraint-adaptive derivation framework that unifies arbitrary constraints into psi(x,p)=0 form and automatically generates stationarity conditions for free parameters (e.g., gravity-assist turning angle); (2) dynamics-adaptive four-module code generation supporting non-standard dynamics (solar sail, J2 perturbation) without modifying the underlying template; and (3) a general derivation rule set covering critical error-prone points in PMP derivation. Experiments on 11 progressive test scenarios show that HELIOS correctly derives and solves problems from simple rendezvous (8 variables) to multi-leg stay transfers (48 variables), gravity-assist trajectories (17 variables), and solar-sail minimum-time transfers (8 variables). The best compilation success rate reaches 100% (11/11). A multi-model comparison (8 open-source LLM backends, total scores 250-905) verifies the model-agnostic architecture and reveals a positive correlation between model scale and derivation capability.
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Quantum Physics

Pound-Drever-Hall Feedforward for Trapped-Ion Optical Qubits

Jia-Yang Gao, Jianwei Lee, Morteza Ahmadi et al. (+1 more)

Laser phase noise is one of the limiting factors that dictate gate fidelities and coherence times in trapped-ion quantum systems. Previous studies have reported that when the Rabi frequency of an ion qubit is close to the servo-bump phase-noise frequency, the driving laser limits the fidelity and coherence time. This issue has typically been mitigated by choosing a Rabi frequency outside the servo-bump region. However, this constrains the usable range of gate speeds and can limit the achievable fidelity. To address this issue, we developed an active phase-noise stabilization system for a barium-ion optical-qubit laser at 1762 nm, employing a fiber electro-optic modulator (EOM) with an electrical feedforward servo. Our results demonstrate that this setup, based on the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) feedforward method, can suppress servo-bump phase noise by 15 dB near the bump peak frequency in our locking system. The laser phase noise is analyzed using delayed self-heterodyne interferometry (DSHI). We further tested the stabilized laser on an optical qubit and observed a clear improvement in coherence time based on the measured amplitude decay of Rabi oscillations, even when the Rabi frequency lies within the servo-bump bandwidth. This technique can be readily adapted to other optical qubits with minimal modifications.
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All authors Jia-Yang Gao, Jianwei Lee, Morteza Ahmadi, Manas Mukherjee

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Shock breakout from mildly relativistic ejecta in a dense wind: the case of EP260321a/SN 2026gzf

Akihiro Suzuki, Keiichi Maeda and Toshikazu Shigeyama

We present shock breakout (SBO) modeling of the recently discovered X-ray transient EP260321a detected by the Einstein Probe mission. Our semi-analytic model, based on our previous work, follows the interaction between a supernova ejecta with a mildly relativistic outer envelope and a dense, wind-like circumstellar medium (CSM) by using a thin-shell approximation that incorporates relativistic effects. We find that the observed properties of the X-ray emission are well explained by the breakout emission powered by a high-velocity envelope with a kinetic energy of $\sim3.5\times10^{49}\,\mathrm{erg}$ (excluding the supernova ejecta) and a dense wind characterized by a mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}\simeq1.2\times 10^{-3}(v_\mathrm{w}/10^3\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1})\,M_\odot\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, where $v_\mathrm{w}$ is the wind velocity. The observed burst duration requires the dense CSM to extend up to $\sim350\,R_\odot$, corresponding to a CSM mass of $\sim 10^{-5}\,M_\odot$. These results demonstrate that SBO observations provide a sensitive probe of mass loss from stripped-envelope supernova progenitors shortly before core collapse.
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Plasma Physics

Gravitational Sedimentation and Rebound of Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasma Crystals: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Gurudatt Gaur, Meet Contractor and Vikram Dharodi

The gravitational sedimentation of strongly coupled dusty plasma crystals is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the dust particles are levitated by the balance between the upward external electric field and gravity. Sedimentation is initiated by removing the electric field, allowing the particles to settle collectively under gravity while interacting through the Yukawa (screened Coulomb) potential. Single-layer, AB-stacked bilayer, and ABA-stacked trilayer crystals are investigated to examine the influence of crystal geometry on the sedimentation dynamics. All crystal configurations undergo collective gravitational settling while preserving their in-plane hexagonal ordering during the initial stages of sedimentation. Upon collision with a reflecting boundary, the multilayer crystals undergo transient interlayer compression followed by sequential momentum transfer between neighboring layers, producing coherent collective rebound. In particular, the trilayer exhibits sequential layer-by-layer momentum propagation from the lower to the middle and finally to the upper layer. During successive sedimentation–rebound cycles, repeated interlayer interactions progressively degrade the initial ABA stacking while preserving the collective mechanical response of the crystal. These results demonstrate that strong Yukawa coupling enables multilayer dusty plasma crystals to sustain repeated impacts while maintaining coherent collective motion despite gradual structural evolution. The present study provides a particle-resolved description of gravitational sedimentation in multilayer dusty plasma crystals and offers a theoretical framework for interpreting laboratory experiments following the removal of electrostatic confinement.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons

Magnetic-texture winding controls fermion-parity switches in an interacting $p$-wave magnet ring

Hyun-Yong Lee

Coplanar magnetic spirals map locally onto uniform spin–orbit-coupled wires, but on a ring the rotating spin frame can change the electronic boundary condition. We prove, level by level in every fixed-particle-number sector, that even and odd texture windings impose boundary phases separated by half the single-electron flux period. Changing the winding by one also changes the physical pitch in inverse proportion to the circumference; a symmetric comparison removes this leading pitch correction. In the number-conserving topological phase, a global parity constraint then reverses the fermion-parity assignment of neighboring phase-winding branches. Density-matrix renormalization-group simulations show this reversal, support an Ising transition coexisting with a gapless charge mode, and relate the finite-size parity splitting to an independently calculated charge stiffness. Magnetic-texture winding thus changes the many-body spectrum through a global boundary condition that is not determined by the local band dispersion, providing a closed-geometry, number-conserving probe of topological pairing.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)

R-Twisting, Fibered Knots, and Gauge Theories

Shi Cheng

We argue that R-twisting implies the Seiberg-Witten curves of 4d Argyres-Douglas theories could be combined with the R-twisted circle to form the mapping tori of torus knots, inspired by Milnor fibration theorem. Then 3d gauge theories labeled by mapping tori are generated, which in the IR capture 4d BPS spectrum and mutations. This construction addresses the boundary problem of the domain wall approach in \cite{Cecotti:2011iy}. These 3d theories show a supersymmetry enhancement, and are related to 3d rank zero theories.
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Nuclear Theory

Systematic Parameter Optimization of Quantum Molecular Dynamics Models for Hadron Therapy Using Multi-Ion Fragmentation Data

Akihiro Haga, Yoshi-hide Sato, Daiyu Fujiwara et al. (+5 more)

Quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) models are widely used to simulate nuclear fragmentation in hadron therapy, but their predictive accuracy depends strongly on parameters that are often selected empirically. We developed an optimized QMD framework by systematically calibrating three parameters for a relativistic mean-field model with the NS2 parameter set and Skyrme models with the SLy4 and SkM* parameter sets: the wave-packet width L, maximum evolution time Tm, and impact-parameter envelope factor benv. The wave-packet width was determined from experimental charge radii, whereas Tm and benv were parameterized as functions of incident kinetic energy and reaction-system mass and optimized using proton- and heavy-ion-induced fragmentation data over 30-400 MeV/u. Performance was compared with the original LiQMD, Binary Cascade, and Liege Intranuclear Cascade models. The optimized Tm depended strongly on incident energy but only weakly on system mass, indicating that the transition from the dynamical QMD stage to statistical de-excitation is governed mainly by collision energy. In contrast, benv showed model-dependent behavior: NS2 favored larger peripheral-collision contributions for lighter systems at low energies, whereas the Skyrme models showed relatively weak energy and mass dependence. The optimized parameterizations improved agreement with experimental fragment production cross sections, angular distributions, and energy distributions. The optimized Skyrme models achieved the best overall performance and outperformed the cascade models for most datasets. This framework provides a physically consistent description of nuclear fragmentation across multiple observables and may improve calculations of secondary-particle transport, dose deposition, and linear energy transfer in hadron therapy.
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All authors Akihiro Haga, Yoshi-hide Sato, Daiyu Fujiwara, Dousatsu Sakata, Yuki Tominaga, David Bolst, Edward C. Simpson, Susanna Guatelli

High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Electroweak Baryogenesis: Advances in Sphaleron Rate Calculations and Implications of Thermal Phase Transitions

Yanda Wu

This thesis reviews recent advances in calculating the sphaleron rate, with particular emphasis on electroweak baryogenesis. It also provides pedagogical introductions to sphaleron- and instanton-induced baryon-number violation, the vacuum structure of non-Abelian gauge theories, and other topological field configurations, and suggests "an zi" as a possible Chinese term for "sphaleron" (see p. 3). Broader implications of first-order phase transitions for collider searches and primordial black hole formation are also discussed.
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Quantum Physics

Scalable Quantum Machine Learning: Trainability, Expressivity and Efficiency

Iordanis Kerenidis

Scalable parameterized quantum circuits for machine learning face three obstacles: barren plateaus, no guarantee the learned function class is classically hard, and prohibitive circuit evaluations per gradient step. We propose the unitary brick-wall: a $k$-particle fermionic architecture for nearest-neighbor hardware, combining Reconfigurable Beam Splitters with interleaved single-qubit phases and a non-Gaussian magic-state encoding, where $k$ trades classical hardness against training cost. Trainable. The brick-wall has dynamical Lie algebra $\mathfrak{u}(n)$ and is surjective onto $U(n)$ via Givens rotations, enabling Haar initialization. Two-body correlator readouts achieve gradient variance $\Theta(k^3/n^5)$, polynomial in $n$ throughout $n-2k=\Omega(n)$. Expressive. Hardness is controlled by $k$: best-known classical sampling runs in time $2^{\Theta(k)}$, worst-case #P-hardness holds from $k=n^{\epsilon}$, and the average-case machinery of Fermion Sampling applies at $k=\Theta(n)$. The sampler is input-dependent, so costs are paid per query: at our operating point $k=100$ one query needs $\sim 10^{15}$ operations, beyond commercial query rates, and at $k=120$ an exascale machine sustains under one query per second. Efficient. A multi-layer parallel parameter-shift rule computes all $O(n^2)$ gradients from $4kn$ circuit evaluations per step, a factor $n/k$ reduction over the standard rule's $4n^2$, growing linearly with $n$ at fixed $k$. The unitary butterfly targets all-to-all hardware, with $2\log n$ layers of parallel gates and $(3/2)n\log n$ parameters, similar hardness guarantees, and $4k\log n$ evaluations per step – the same factor-$n/k$ reduction. Its trainability holds at two levels: absence of exponential barren plateaus is unconditional, while the sharp $\Theta(k^3/n^5)$ rate needs a conjectured scalar comparison with the two-particle Haar second moment.
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2607.24014 · 27 Jul · 47 pages. v3: Fermionic beam splitter gates on non-adjacent modes. Hadamard spreading circuits corrected. Butterfly gradient-variance lower bound sharpened. Classical sampling cost and operating point updated to the best currently known algorithm. The two-particle design conjecture is restated as a scalar comparison. No trainability, parameter-shift or hardness conclusion changes

Abstract PDF $CRCT ×3$QNTM ×2$UNTY ×2$ALGB ×1 +3

Quantum Physics

Recoverable Quantum Computation: An Information-Centric Paradigm for Quantum Computing with Errors

Shengwang Du

Quantum computing promises transformative advances in computation, communication, sensing, and machine learning. Yet the realization of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers remains hindered by the enormous overhead required for quantum error correction. This challenge raises a fundamental question: Must useful quantum computing wait until fully fault-tolerant quantum hardware becomes available? In this Perspective, we propose Recoverable Quantum Computation (RQC), an information-centric paradigm for quantum computing with errors. Rather than requiring faithful preservation of the complete quantum state, RQC focuses on preserving the computational information required to accomplish a given task. A quantum computation is considered recoverable if the desired computational information can be extracted from noisy quantum outputs with an overhead that preserves quantum advantage relative to the best known classical method. We introduce recoverability as an operational principle for evaluating noisy quantum computations and propose practical metrics based on recovery overhead and recoverability efficiency. We illustrate the framework using quantum Fourier transform period estimation on IBM quantum hardware and a conceptual example from quantum machine learning, demonstrating that useful computational information may remain recoverable despite significant physical errors. Building on these examples, we propose a preliminary classification of quantum applications according to their expected recoverability and outline a research roadmap toward a predictive theory of recoverability. RQC is intended not as an alternative to fault-tolerant quantum computing, but as a complementary paradigm for understanding and evaluating useful quantum computation in the broad intermediate regime between today's noisy quantum processors and tomorrow's fault-tolerant quantum computers.
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Materials Science

Nature of Cr Segregation in FCC to BCC quenched Fe-12Cr Alloy, with Post-Quenching Heat Treatment: A Positron Annihilation Study

S. Hari Babu and V. R. Reddy

The Fe-Cr binary alloy is a model system for ferrtitic/martensitic steels. Cr clustering instigated loss of ductility, is one of the influential factors to deteriorate the alloys, and its severity depends on Cr concentration. This study aims at understanding (i) the nature of Cr precipitation in Fe-12Cr alloy using positron lifetime spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies and (ii) comparing the precipitation concentration and size with respect to Fe-9Cr alloy. The quenched alloys (from the high temperature FCC phase) are found to contain a high density of dislocations along with the sub-grain structure which lead to Cr rich {\sigma}-phase precipitation during post-quenching heat treatment at 748 K, while the alloy prepared with no dislocations and the sub-grain structure shows no precipitation, except at grain boundaries, consistent with observations in Fe-9Cr alloys. Selected area diffraction confirmed that the precipitates are tetragonal intermetallic {\sigma}-phase, contradicting the majority of the literature on Fe-Cr ferritic alloys which reported it as Cr rich BCC {\alpha}'-phase. Mossbauer spectroscopy studies showed signatures of Cr depletion from the rest of the matrix, indicating that the precipitates are Cr rich compared to the alloy composition. The kinetics of Cr precipitation is found to be higher in the Fe-12Cr alloy compared to the Fe-9Cr alloy. The average precipitate size is observed to be higher and the number density is lower in the Fe-12Cr alloy compared to the Fe-9Cr alloy. In addition, the experimental positron lifetime in defect-free lattice of Fe-(9, 12)Cr alloys is reported for the first time with substantial evidence.
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Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. IV. Detailed Imaging of the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya

Yu-Chia Lin, Jarron Leisenring, Schuyler G. Wolff et al. (+14 more)

As the nearest protoplanetary disk to Earth ($d = 60.14$ pc), TW Hya is one of the most studied protoplanetary disks and a critical benchmark for testing planet formation theories. We present high-contrast coronagraphic imaging of the TW Hya disk from JWST/NIRCam across four filters (F187N, F200W, F356W, and F444W). We detect the disk's scattered-light emission in F200W, F356W, and F444W. An elliptical fit to the disk image yields an average inclination of $i = 8.74^{+1.03}_{-0.94}$ degrees and a position angle of $\mathrm{PA} = 75.62^{+7.86}_{-6.56}$ degrees. We find tentative evidence for radial variations in these parameters, a trend consistent with a disk warp. Our companion search yields no new detections, placing the lowest mass limits yet on companions that might be responsible for carving out the dust gap. Assuming no local extinction and a system age of 10 Myr, the F444W data are sensitive to masses down to $\sim 0.4\,M_{\rm Jup}$ at separations of $1$ arcsec ($\sim 60$ AU). Accounting for local disk extinction analogous to the AS 209 system, our limits reach sub-Jupiter masses beyond $2$ arcsec. Furthermore, our analysis provides a detailed view of a previously detected feature in the outer disk at $\sim 120$ AU, confirming its morphology as a distinct bifurcation structure. This feature may indicate the presence of complex substructures arising from dynamical planet-disk interactions. These results demonstrate JWST's ability to characterize the architecture of protoplanetary disks and constrain the properties of forming worlds.
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All authors Yu-Chia Lin, Jarron Leisenring, Schuyler G. Wolff, Justin Hom, Kellen Lawson, Ewan S. Douglas, George Rieke, Gabriele Cugno, John Debes, Ruobing Dong, Doug Johnstone, Camryn Mullin, Taylor L. Tobin, Kevin R. Wagner, Thomas P. Greene, Michael R. Meyer, Marcia Rieke

Quantum Physics

DeComp2: Description Complexity aware Decomposition

Aritra Sarkar

Quantum compilers optimize execution-only proxies such as gate count, depth, and fidelity, treating the compiled circuit as the unit of cost. This conflates two distinct resources, how much the substrate has to do at run time, and how much has to be said to describe what to do. Unrolling a looped program leaves run-time cost unchanged while erasing the hierarchical structure on which downstream optimization and reuse rely. We propose lifting the compiler objective from execution to life cycle complexity by pairing the circuit complexity $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{circ}}$ with a Kolmogorov-style description complexity $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Kol}}$ of the emitted circuit, and minimizing the additive total $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{tot}} = \alpha\,\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{circ}} + \beta\,\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Kol}}$. The mirrors the additive positional and kinetic entropy of the second law of quantum complexity, and reads as a minimum-description-length regularizer over the otherwise degenerate set of $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{circ}}$-minimizers. We instantiate the objective on $SU(2)$ through exhaustive HT-enumeration with compression-based surrogates upper-bounding $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Kol}}$. Across a Haar-representative target grid the two surrogates correlate positively with $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{circ}}$ yet break its rank order on a non-trivial fraction of points, ruling out a tight functional dependence. With calibrated weights the joint cost selects, for a small but operationally meaningful fraction of targets, a candidate that is neither the shortest nor the most compressible HT-string in the $\varepsilon$-ball, exhibiting the compilation choices a $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{circ}}$-only optimizer discards and motivating $\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Kol}}$ as an active optimization signal for hierarchical intermediate representation for compiler.
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Quantum Physics

Scaling a CUDA-Q GQE + QSCI pipeline to 40 qubits for EUV photoresist chemistry

Karim Elgammal and Marc Maußner

We scale a CUDA-Q-native pipeline coupling a generative quantum eigensolver (GQE) to quantum-selected configuration interaction (QSCI) across active spaces of 14 to 44 qubits, applied to the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) photoresist chemistry of monoalkyltin oxo-hydroxides. A GPT-2 policy emits UCCSD operator sequences; sampled bitstrings become determinants, diagonalised classically, and a cross-circuit generalised-eigenvalue refinement makes every reported GQE+QSCI energy a variational upper bound. Every rung from 14 to 40 qubits carries an exact CASCI or FCI reference, up to 166 million determinants for SnO at 32 qubits. The pipeline is chemically accurate, below 1.6 mHa, through 30 qubits on methyltin trihydroxide and through 32 on SnO, on the best seed at the top rungs. Circuit depth rather than training length is the scaling lever; the refined subspace grows near-linearly with the operator count while staying a vanishing fraction of the determinant space, 0.017% at the 32-qubit SnO rung. It also runs on the 54-qubit IQM Emerald processor, at the shallow depths its routed two-qubit gates allow, reaching +0.330 mHa for SnO at 14 qubits from a CCSD-amplitude-ordered pool prefix and +3.92 mHa for the industrial n-butyltin ligand at 22 qubits from depth-truncated trained circuits under per-circuit readout self-calibration, 81% of the active-space correlation; classical configuration recovery on those counts tightens the 22-qubit result to +0.18 to 0.21 mHa. For the methyl resist, ionisation collapses the classical UCCSD(T) Sn-C bond dissociation energy from 72.6 to 21.2 kcal/mol, the switch that flips solubility on exposure. Against that, the 40-qubit result is support-limited at 22.8 mHa, the full trained ansatz on hardware awaits better fidelities, and classical subspace expansion reaches the 32 to 40-qubit spaces with no quantum sampler, so that boundary is mapped, not beaten.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons

Symmetry Criterion for Van Hove Criticality at Non-Time-Reversal-Invariant Momenta

Min-Quan Kuang and Hua-Yu Li

At non-time-reversal-invariant momenta (non-TRIMs), time-reversal symmetry does not constrain the linear term of the band dispersion. Whether $\nabla E$ vanishes is therefore determined entirely by the representation theory of the little group. For nondegenerate bands, $\nabla E$ is forced to zero if and only if the vector representation $\Gamma_{\mathrm{vec}}$ of the little group does not contain the trivial representation $\Gamma_1$. When $\Gamma_{\mathrm{vec}}$ does contain $\Gamma_1$, $\nabla E$ is not forced to vanish for any nondegenerate band; the classification instead depends on the multiplicity of $\Gamma_1$ in $\Gamma_{\mathrm{vec}}$. For degenerate bands, the Wigner-Eckart theorem and Clebsch–Gordan coefficients determine whether linear couplings vanish, with classification performed at the subband level. Applied to space group 225, the criterion explains why the $W$ point is critical for all nondegenerate bands, the degenerate $E$ bands are generically noncritical, and the $K$ and $U$ points host parameter-dependent criticality. Supporting phase diagrams reveal a two-tier hierarchy: symmetry enforces $\nabla E=0$, while band parameters determine higher-order character. We extend this classification to all space groups hosting non-TRIMs in the single-group limit, providing a symmetry-dictated, parameter-independent framework for engineering Van Hove singularities in three-dimensional quantum materials.
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Geophysics

Community HydroAgent: Formalizing Forecaster Expertise into Skill-Orchestrated Flood Forecasting Workflows

Qingyi Yang, Siqian Qiu, Bing Li et al. (+20 more)

Operational flood forecasting depends on tacit forecaster expertise that is difficult to formalize, audit, and transfer. Although artificial intelligence methods have advanced flood prediction and model-error correction, few studies explicitly represent the tacit expert rules, review checkpoints, and workflow constraints that connect model outputs to operational warning decisions. Here, we propose Community HydroAgent for Flood Forecasting (CHA-Flood), a skill-orchestrated agent framework that embeds Large Language Models (LLMs) into a model-driven flood forecasting workflow, where each skill encodes explicit rules to bound LLM reasoning. We validated its effectiveness using five state-of-the-art LLMs in the South Yamhill River basin (USA). Prior judgment captures observed peak flow and flood volume within 5% tolerance in 10 and 11 out of 14 events, and 5-fold cross-validation over 129 events yields Pearson correlations of 0.62 and 0.84. Building on a high-baseline scheme library (average KGE 0.890), the guided scheme selection further improves KGE by 0.023-0.154. All five tested LLMs successfully execute the CHA-Flood workflow with comparable judgment accuracy (each spanning 40%-80% across cross-validation folds) but with substantial cost differences. Removing only the language-model narrowing lowers median KGE from 0.723-0.753 to 0.662 for all five LLMs, indicating that the gain comes from LLM reasoning rather than from the choice of LLM. CHA-Flood does not aim to replace human forecasters; instead, it translates their tacit expertise into an auditable and reproducible workflow. This skill-orchestrated paradigm demonstrates how explicit rule boundaries can guide LLM reasoning to complement physically based simulation in next-generation flood forecasting.
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All authors Qingyi Yang, Siqian Qiu, Bing Li, Xu Shan, Jia Feng, Shunan Zhou, Xudong Zhou, Tiantian Xing, Jiale Guo, Xiaoyi Dong, Gaoyu Liu, Xiaohuan Liu, Haiqing Pu, Qingwen Deng, Xun Zhang, Zhongrun Xiang, Haiyang Qian, Ying Yan, Yongkang Xu, Nuo Lei, Tianlong Jia, Baoying Shan, Carlo De Michele

Quantum Physics

Non-Hermitian-enhanced quantum sensing in an optical interferometer

X. J. Huang, Lei Xiao, Bingzi Huo et al. (+2 more)

The precision of quantum parameter estimation is traditionally constrained by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound, which is based on the Hermitian measurement framework. Recent studies of non-Hermitian systems have suggested new possibilities for enhancing parameter-estimation sensitivity. Here, we experimentally realize quantum parameter estimation using a non-Hermitian observable on a linear optical platform. The parameter is encoded in single-photon probe states and read out with a Sagnac interferometer, which allows us to reconstruct the complex expectation value of the implemented non-Hermitian observable from interference fringes. We observe a reduced error-propagation variance compared with the optimal Hermitian observable for the same probe-state model. This advantage remains visible under amplitude-damping noise. We further analyze the complete optical measurement as a physical positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) and show, through the corresponding classical Fisher information (CFI), that the observed non-Hermitian advantage is consistent with the standard quantum metrological limit when all output ports are included. Our results provide an experimental route to non-Hermitian observable readout and clarify its operational meaning in quantum sensing.
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All authors X. J. Huang, Lei Xiao, Bingzi Huo, X. X. Yi, Peng Xue

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Testing Statistical Isotropy on the Sphere with Minkowski Tensors

Stephen Appleby and Changbom Park

We consider how a class of morphological descriptors, the Minkowski Tensors (MTs), can be used to test the statistical isotropy of random fields on the sphere. The definition of the MTs involves an integral of a tensor, which is an ambiguous operation on a curved manifold. We find that existing estimators in the literature, when applied to fields on the two-sphere, either explicitly break covariance or artificially isotropize the MT due to a geometric rotation of tangent spaces. To evade these issues, we construct the MTs of individual connected components and use them to build correlation functions $\xi_{\pm}(\theta,\nu)$ of their relative orientations. These correlation functions are built from scalars and are therefore covariant, and can be used to search for alignment of structures as a function of scale (angular separation). We generate four sets of random fields on $S^{2}$ – isotropic, dipole modulated, globally-sheared and locally-sheared, and show how the connected component correlation functions can distinguish scale dependent alignments. For the sheared fields, the decay scale of $\xi_{+}$ measures the angular coherence of the alignment, and the amplitude of $\xi_{-}$ at large separations measures its globally coherent fraction, distinguishing the two shear models. In contrast, dipole modulation generates no significant signal in the orientation statistics. We show analytically that its effect on the traceless component of the Minkowski tensor is second order in the modulation amplitude $\lambda \ll 1$.
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Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

The Pull of Stasis: A Study of the Dynamics of the Thermal Stasis Attractor

Jonah Barber, Keith R. Dienes and Brooks Thomas

Cosmological stasis, a surprising phenomenon in which the abundances of different energy components in the universe with different equations of state remain constant despite cosmological expansion, has been a focus of recent attention. This behavior emerges as the consequence of an attractor that governs the dynamics of the corresponding cosmological system and pulls it towards stasis even if the system is not initially in this state. However, while some systems actually reach stasis in finite time, it is also possible for such systems to spend considerable time under the influence of this attractor, continually heading towards stasis without ever quite reaching it. This too represents behavior that is entirely unexpected within standard cosmological scenarios. In this paper, we present an explicit model which realizes both of these behaviors in a thermal context while satisfying all relevant phenomenological and cosmological constraints. Within this model, we then examine how the attractor influences the cosmological dynamics and explore the potential consequences for the early universe.
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Quantum Physics

Scalable Photon-Mediated Two-Qubit Gates with Spectrally Noisy Quantum Emitters

Shreekanth S. Yuvarajan, W. A. Coish, David Hucul et al. (+1 more)

When two quantum bits are coupled through a cavity, a two-qubit gate can be realized between them either in the near-resonant regime over a timescale established by the coupling strength of the qubits with the cavity, or in the dispersive regime, over a longer timescale established by the combination of the coupling strength and the frequency detuning between the qubits and the cavity. When the qubits are spectrally noisy or differently detuned from the cavity, the fidelity for the operation can be drastically reduced in either case, precluding scalable realizations. We introduce the protocol for optimal cavity-enabled gates (POCEG) that is shown, through reliable numerical and analytical solutions, to overcome spectral differences between quantum bits and to achieve high fidelity between disparate/noisy quantum emitters. Namely, for a cavity with low damping rate, we apply a sequence of pulses to the qubits at the frequency of the cavity while periodically modulating the coupling of the qubits to the cavity. Alternatively, in the case of a large damping rate, we operate in the dispersive regime and overcome spectral disparities by applying the pulses at a frequency far-detuned from the cavity. In both instances, we find for the quantum state transfer between the two qubits that, with a modest inter-pulse delay, the fidelity that would otherwise be strongly suppressed by the spectral mismatch of the qubits can be increased beyond 99.9%. These protocols have the capacity to bring two-qubit gates between solid state systems across the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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All authors Shreekanth S. Yuvarajan, W. A. Coish, David Hucul, Herbert F. Fotso

Quantum Physics

Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in a Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian: The Imbalanced-Pairing Kitaev Model

R. Jafari, Alireza Akbari, Shukhrat Mardonov et al. (+1 more)

Although parity-time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonians are often associated with real energy spectra, PT symmetry is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for a real spectrum. More generally, real spectra are associated with the broader class of pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians, of which PT-symmetric Hamiltonians constitute a simple subclass. Here, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of the imbalanced-pairing Kitaev model, a prototypical pseudo-Hermitian system, under a linearly time-dependent chemical potential. The dynamics are analyzed within the biorthogonal framework using the concept of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs). We show that, under a linear ramp protocol, DQPTs occur only when the post-ramp Hamiltonian possesses a real energy spectrum. For positive values of the non-Hermiticity parameter ($\gamma>0$), where the energy spectrum remains entirely real, a ramp crossing a single quantum critical point gives rise to a single family of critical times, analogous to the Hermitian case. Furthermore, for ramps crossing two critical or exceptional points, the critical sweep velocity above which DQPTs disappear decreases as the non-Hermiticity parameter is reduced and vanishes in the staggered-pairing limit, $\gamma=-1$.
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All authors R. Jafari, Alireza Akbari, Shukhrat Mardonov, H. Yavartanoo

Quantum Physics

Strategies for quantum-enabled Bitcoin miners

Zach Manson and Barry C. Sanders

We study the impact that two miners equipped with quantum computers purpose-built for quantum Bitcoin mining will have on the 51% attack threshold of the Bitcoin network, given that the miners are playing a competitive game against each other to be the first to mine a block. We extend an existing game-theoretic framework for Bitcoin mining and compute the resultant payoff matrices. From these payoff matrices, we determine optimal quantum mining strategies for two non-colluding and aggressive quantum miners with multiple opportunities at finding a valid block in an otherwise classical Bitcoin network. We show that these optimal quantum mining strategies have a negligible effect on the 51% attack threshold. The novelty of our work is the inclusion of the Aggressive Quantum Mining Strategy and the realistic approach of allowing the quantum miners to restart their search if their measurements do not yield a valid block when determining the optimal quantum mining strategies. Our result is important for evaluating quantum-mining threats on cryptocurrencies based on Proof-of-Work, e.g. Bitcoin
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Optics

Quantitative infrared nanoscopy: Probe-cavity eigenmodes and nano-gap polaritons for strongly coupled nanoscale optics

Benjamin Allen, Brayden Lukaskawcez, Alyssa Bragg et al. (+6 more)

Optical nanoscopies including near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy circumvent the diffraction limit of conventional optics thanks to the nanoscale light focus emerging at the apex of a sharp irradiated probe. However, while strong optical coupling between the apex and its dielectric environment affords both enhanced nanoscopic measurement sensitivity and potentially ultra-strong fields within a nano-gap cavity, the conditions for this coupling remain poorly quantified by prevailing analytic models. Here we present a robust formalism of probe-cavity eigenmodes that fully describes how mutual near-field interactions between probe and environment produce a composite response to external fields qualitatively distinct from that of its distinct components. This "EigenProbe" model identifies the fundamental excitations of realistic optical nanoscopies as nano-gap polaritons, which provide an elegant basis to accurately predict near-field microscopy and spectroscopy experiments especially when probe-sample interactions are non-perturbative. Through comparison to carefully controlled nanoscopies of polar phonons and molecular vibrations alike, we show how nano-gap polaritons are both realized and utilized for reliable and rapid "inversion" of local optical constants. This advance demands both a careful understanding of the probe response through quantitative calibration, and our efficient semi-analytic description of cavity eigenmode scattering at the probe apex. Our EigenProbe formalism sets the stage for maturing diverse and proliferating optical nanoscopies into precision metrologies of nano-scale optical environments, and guides future use of nano-gap cavities to manipulate local excitations of quantum materials and to achieve strong coupling over photonic emitters.
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All authors Benjamin Allen, Brayden Lukaskawcez, Alyssa Bragg, Nitzan Hirshberg, Michael Fogler, Dimitri N. Basov, Stephanie N. Gilbert Corder, Hans A. Bechtel, Alexander S. McLeod

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Precision Measurement of Decay Dynamics in $D^{0(+)}\to \pi^{-(0)}\ell^+\nu_\ell$

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+773 more)

The branching fractions of $D^0\to \pi^-e^+\nu_e$, $D^0\to \pi^-\mu^+\nu_\mu$, $D^+\to \pi^0e^+\nu_e$, and $D^+\to \pi^0\mu^+\nu_\mu$ are precisely measured, using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector. The ratios of the decay widths between muon and positron channels are examined in full, across several four-momentum transfer ranges of $\ell^+\nu_{\ell}$. No lepton flavor universality violation is found in the current data. From a simultaneous fit to the precisely measured partial decay rates and the first measured forward-backward asymmetries of these four decays, the product of the hadronic transition form factor, $f^{D\to\pi}_+(0)$, and the modulus of the $c\to d$ quark mixing element, $|V_{cd}|$, is measured with unprecedented precision to be $f^{D\to\pi}_+(0)|V_{cd}|=0.1425\pm0.0005_{\rm stat.}\pm0.0003_{\rm syst.}$. Taking the value of $|V_{cd}|$ from the standard model global fit and $f^{D\to\pi}_+(0)$ derived by the lattice quantum chromodynamics calculation as input, we obtain $f^{D\to\pi}_+(0)=0.1425\pm0.0005_{\rm stat.}\pm0.0003_{\rm syst.}$ and $|V_{cd}|=0.2262\pm0.0008_{\rm stat.}\pm0.0005_{\rm syst.}\pm0.0018_{\rm LQCD.}$, respectively. The precision of each result is a factor of 2-3 better than the previous best measurements. Additionally, the real and imaginary parts of the scalar current contribution in the $c\to d \ell^+\nu_{\ell}$ transition are measured for the first time to be Re $(C_S^\mu)=$ $0.022 \pm 0.023_{\rm stat.}\pm 0.003_{\rm syst.}$ and $|\mathrm{Im} (C_S^\mu)|=0.000 \pm 0.038_{\rm stat.}\pm 0.012_{\rm syst.}$.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, M. S. Anderson, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, Z. J. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, K. X. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Chunkai Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. T. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. L. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, L. M. Mansur, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, A. F. Mohammad, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, I. V. Ovtin, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, C. Y. Pang, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, W. R. Ruangyoo, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, M. Schernau, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, Ch. Y. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, H. Tabaharizato, N. T. Tagsinsit, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, Z. H. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, K. Yu. Todyshev, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, B. Wang, Bin Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Chao Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, F. K. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. H. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, Mi Wang, N. Y. Wang, P. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, T. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Yanning Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zhi Wang, Ziyi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, D. J. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, H. R. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Z. Wu, H. L. Xia, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, D. B. Xiong, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, L. Y. Yang, R. J. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. G. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. M. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Youhua Yang, Z. Y. Yang, W. J. Yao, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, K. Yi, Junhao Yin, Qiqin Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, Yongchao Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, Jie Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Yujie Zeng, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, Gengyuan Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. L. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, Han Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Ziyu Zhang, G. Zhao, J.-P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, M. Zhuge, J. H. Zou, J. Zu

High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Effects of Axion Interactions on Quark Stars in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

Rui Zhou, Ming-zheng-xuan Wu, Xin-ran Yang et al. (+5 more)

We explore the properties of quark stars by combining the microscopic axion-extended Polyakov–NambuJona-Lasinio model with the macroscopic framework of four-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (4D EGB) gravity. Specifically, axion effects are incorporated through the background phase $\theta=a/f_a$ in the thermodynamics of quark matter. Our results show that the inclusion of axion-induced interactions stiffens the quark-matter equation of state, thereby increasing the sound speed and the maximum mass of quark stars. The 4D EGB correction effectively weakens gravitational compression and further modifies the stellar structure, allowing for larger radii and higher maximum masses while reducing the compactness and the surface gravitational redshift. The combined effects can support quark stars above $2\,M_\odot$, with mass–radius sequences overlapping the observational regions in the indicative phenomenological comparison. These findings reveal that the interplay between axion-induced modifications of dense quark matter and 4D EGB gravity may provide a viable phenomenological framework for describing massive quark stars.
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All authors Rui Zhou, Ming-zheng-xuan Wu, Xin-ran Yang, Chong-long Xie, Min Zhou, Zhi-yang Liu, Shi-jun Mao, Guo-yun Shao