Papers

Tractatus Quanticum (arXiv:2512.06034 [quant-ph]) is described by its authors as 'a re-editing, which takes quantum mechanics into account, of Wittgenstein's famous Tractatus.' The original Tractatus appeared with an introduction by Bertrand Russell. For Tractatus Quanticum, that role fell to us. This is the result.

Continuous Ising solvers embed a discrete optimization problem into a continuous dynamical system and recover the spin configuration by sign readout, but dense interaction evaluation gives an $O(N^2)$-per-step cost. We show that this cost is not intrinsic: during late-stage simulated bifurcation the trajectory collapses onto a lower-dimensional active subspace, and saturated coordinates can be eliminated exactly by a variational frozen-set identity whose couplings fold into an induced field on the unresolved subsystem. We prove large-parameter recovery for the external-field quartic model, the hard-box limit of ballistic confinement, and a robust-margin freezing criterion. The resulting algorithm, iSTAR (Ising Stable-set Tail-Aware Reduction), exploits this collapse by detecting stabilized coordinates and continuing only on the active tail. An online certified implementation on the G-set benchmark preserves the same-seed baseline in all runs and removes on average 64.4% of the dense interaction work.

We propose close binary polarimetry as a probe of birefringence induced by ultralight axion dark matter. In a close binary, reflection or scattering can generate a small linear polarization whose time dependence is locked to the orbital phase. This phase-locked polarization provides a template against which an oscillatory rotation of the polarization angle induced by the axion can be searched for. We show that axion birefringence appears as sidebands around the orbital harmonics. For a single bright binary, with parameters motivated by observed systems and current high-precision optical polarimetry, we estimate the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling under white noise assumption to be the level of $10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$ at an axion mass of $10^{-20}$ eV. A future array of suitable binaries could further improve the sensitivity to $10^{-13}$ GeV$^{-1}$ in an optimistic scenario. This method could provide a complementary high-cadence optical probe of axion birefringence, compared to existing astrophysical searches.

Many of the timescales of life have speed limits set by quantum-mechanical constraints along with non-fundamental quantities, such as the temperature of the environment, which are however bounded by anthropic considerations. Here, some of such speed limits are examined, including those for the rates of elementary chemical reactions and biomolecular folding. Limitations of simple back-of-envelope estimates are also discussed.

Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) enables multiple users to establish a common secret key with information-theoretic security and is regarded as a key primitive for secure communication in future quantum networks. However, practical implementations of QCKA typically suffer from higher noise levels than conventional bipartite quantum key distribution (QKD), making the improvement of the tolerable error threshold an important challenge. Gottesman and Lo proposed two preprocessing procedures for QKD with two-way classical communication, known as the B-step and the P-step, which enhance the tolerable error threshold. In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic security of QCKA with tripartite GHZ states and two measurement bases using two-way classical communication, including multiple B-steps and P-steps. We derive the corresponding secure key rate analytically and demonstrate that iterative B-steps can increase the tolerable error threshold beyond 20%, significantly improving upon the approximately 11% threshold achievable without two-way classical communication and the approximately 15% threshold obtained with only a single B-step. Our results show that two-way classical communication can substantially enhance the robustness of practical QCKA protocols.

Lie-Poisson electrodynamics (LPE) is a non-Abelian and nonlinear deformation of usual electrodynamics, where the gauge algebra is defined through a Lie-algebra-type Poisson bracket on space-time. This field-theoretical model arises from noncommutative U(1) gauge theory in the semiclassical limit. We focus on the geometric approach to LPE in the absence of charged matter. We establish a non-trivial field redefinition which, under mild technical assumptions, maps the LPE dynamics to that of Maxwell theory. We emphasise that despite the dynamical equivalence, these two theories are not physically equivalent, since the corresponding local gauge-invariant observables are different. We show that our field redefinition is actually a Seiberg-Witten map between LPE and Maxwell theory. Using this map, for any symmetry of the Maxwell action, we construct generators of LPE symmetries and the corresponding conserved currents. In particular, we obtain deformed Poincaré transformations, thereby solving the problem of constructing space-time symmetries in LPE. The deformed symmetries are constructed as active transformations of the gauge field. In the outlook, we propose a natural quantization prescription for LPE based on our field redefinition.

The hyperbolic potential $$ V(r)=-\frac{\alpha}{(R^2-r^2)^2} $$ was identified by Olshanii as the negative-curvature counterpart of Newton's off-center circular-orbit problem. We first show that this form is not an isolated ansatz. For a planar radial natural Hamiltonian at fixed energy, if the Jacobi metric is regular at the force center and has nonzero constant Gaussian curvature, then, up to radial and overall scales, $$ E-V(r)=\frac{\alpha}{(R^2\pm r^2)^2}. $$ Thus the spherical and hyperbolic off-center models are the two nonflat regular radial constant-curvature branches. We then complete the dynamics of the negative-curvature branch. At zero energy its Jacobi metric is a constant multiple of the Poincare disk metric. An explicit Runge–Lenz-type vector and the angular momentum form an on-shell $\mathfrak{so}(2,1)$ moment map; their algebra gives the supporting-circle equation without integrating the equations of motion. The cotangent lift of circular inversion preserves the moment map and intertwines the exterior and punctured-interior flows after a positive time change. The singular circle is at infinite Jacobi distance but is reached in finite Newtonian time. Finally, requiring the magnetic two-form to preserve the full orientation-preserving hyperbolic isometry group uniquely forces it to be a constant multiple of hyperbolic area, hence $B(r)=-Q/(R^2-r^2)^2$ in disk coordinates. The resulting shifted $\mathfrak{so}(2,1)$ Casimir gives the standard circle–horocycle–hypercycle transition at $Q^2=8m\alpha R^2$, now as an explicit coupling statement in the off-center Newtonian system.

In this paper, we study the two-dimensional Schrodinger oscillator within a dynamical noncommutative (DNC) space. By leveraging perturbation theory, we derive the energy eigenvalues and eigenvectors and systematically analyze the effects of both dynamical and non-dynamical noncommutative settings. First-order corrections to the eigensystem are obtained, revealing that the energy shift explicitly depends on the DNC parameter tau. Furthermore, we explore the thermal properties of the system by employing the partition function. Numerical results are presented to provide a comprehensive analysis of the system behavior under the considered effects. Notably, in the DNC framework, the commutation relations and the deformation parameter are position-dependent. Using the two-dimensional Bopp-shift, we effectively map the noncommutative problem to its commutative counterpart.

This study presents a near-real-time, meter-scale three-dimensional urban wind simulation framework for low-altitude flight events in complex urban meteorological environments. It reconstructs high-resolution wind fields by combining sparse observations with efficient microscale flow modeling. The framework integrates lattice Boltzmann method large-eddy simulation (LBM-LES), high-fidelity urban morphology reconstruction that explicitly resolves real building details, and observation-driven boundary assimilation into a rapid end-to-end pipeline for realistic urban domains. Multi-site Doppler lidar measurements from dense urban Guangzhou, China, are used for evaluation. The system reconstructs three-dimensional wind fields at 5 m resolution over kilometer-scale domains within minutes. Robustness and accuracy are tested through controlled observation reduction, independent validation against withheld lidar stations, and sensitivity analyses of grid resolution and precursor domain extent. Results show stable reproduction of vertical wind structures and key local flow features under complex morphology and limited observations, providing a scalable pathway for near-real-time urban wind reconstruction.

This study compares the efficiency of three-dimensional deterministic discrete-ordinates calculations and voxel-based Monte Carlo simulations of the dose distribution around a model 6702 125I seed in a homogeneous water phantom. The computational efficiency of the PARTISN multigroup discrete ordinates neutral particle transport code is compared to the most efficient Monte Carlo voxel-scoring computer code available to us at the time, which was developed specifically for brachytherapy. The difficulties of such comparisons from the fact that the Monte Carlo and discrete ordinates method exhibit stochastic and systematic errors of different origins. To address this problem, we propose a parametric model for separating the systematic and stochastic error components of each method. Based on this model, a procedure for assessing efficiency of the two methods is proposed consisting of the following steps: (i)-apply the developed error model to evaluate the accuracy of each method relative to unbiased and accurate Monte Carlo point estimator calculations in the same phantom geometry; (ii)-develop systematic and stochastic error criteria which specifies equivalent accuracy of the two methods; and (iii) determine the relative efficiency of two methods by taking the ratio of CPU times required to satisfy these accuracy criteria. This process demostrates that three-dimensional PARTISN discrete ordinate simulations is a factor-of-two more efficient than our voxel-based Monte Carlo code in the 125I energy range. This suggests that discrete ordinates simulations can support efficiency competitive with that of Monte Carlo in three-dimensional geometries and can serve as an efficient and accurate dose-calculation engine in treatment planning for brachytherapy and other treatment modalities utilizing low energy photon fields.

We investigate non-minimal Higgs inflation in a no-scale-inspired supergravity framework and confront its predictions with the latest CMB constraints from ACT DR6 and Planck. Working within a shifted hybrid inflation scenario, we construct an effective single-field description in which the GUT Higgs direction serves as the inflaton after stabilization of the orthogonal scalar fields. We show that the inclusion of the leading nonrenormalizable operator in the superpotential induces a controlled deformation of the Starobinsky attractor, allowing the scalar spectral index to be shifted into the range favored by recent ACT and related CMB datasets while maintaining a small tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r \sim 10^{-3}-10^{-2}$. The resulting inflationary dynamics remain theoretically consistent, with controlled supergravity corrections and sub-Planckian inflaton field values. We perform a detailed numerical analysis of the model parameter space, including reheating and nonthermal leptogenesis, and identify regions that simultaneously satisfy current observational constraints and yield a viable post-inflationary cosmological history.

Entropy-stabilized oxides (ESOs) open access to vast multicomponent compositional spaces, but identifying promising candidates remains challenging because of the large number of possible mixtures and the need to assess their stability against competing phases. In this work, we develop a high-throughput computational framework to screen equimolar quinary ESOs in the NaCl structure type by combining density functional theory (DFT), special quasirandom structures (SQS), convex-hull thermodynamics, and supervised machine learning. A consistent reference database of binary and ternary ordered oxides, including disordered phases such as all binary cation combinations in the NaCl-type oxide, is first constructed using GGA and meta-GGA calculations. Quinary disordered phases are then described by SQS supercells and used to train machine-learning models that predict the distance to the convex hull and the corresponding stabilization temperature over the full set of 4368 possible equimolar quinary compositions generated from 16 cation species. Among the tested models, an optimized multilayer perceptron provides the best predictive performance, with a test error of about 4 kJ/mol, while requiring explicit DFT calculations for only about 10% of the quinary systems. Comparison with experimental synthesis tests and computed decomposition paths further shows that the approach captures the main stability trends and the dominant competing phases, although absolute stabilization temperatures remain affected by systematic thermodynamic approximations. These results establish an efficient route for the data-driven exploration of multicomponent oxides and provide practical guidance for the experimental search for new ESOs.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) requires reliable assessment of low-altitude wind hazards, because winds, gusts, and building-induced turbulence have been recognized as critical factors affecting vehicle stability, route feasibility, vertiport siting, and airspace management. While wind-tunnel experiments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiscale downscaling, reduced-order models, and UAV planning datasets have advanced wind-aware analysis, public resources for data-driven, city-scale UAM planning remain limited in geographic coverage, scenario diversity, vertical extent, building realism, and task-oriented benchmarking. To address this gap, we introduce U3DWind, a building-resolved low-altitude wind-field dataset generated using our GPU-accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Method–Large-Eddy Simulation (LBM-LES) framework for rapid urban flow simulation. U3DWind covers five megacities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. It contains 720 simulations, with 16 inflow directions, three reference wind speeds, and three seasonal atmospheric scenarios (annual, summer, and winter) for each city. At a 10 m grid resolution, the dataset provides three-dimensional three-component (3D3C) velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), flow density, and fluid–solid masks. To support operationally relevant evaluation, we further define five baseline tasks: wind-field prediction, sparse-sensor wind-field reconstruction, site wind-exposure ranking, airworthiness wind-compliance risk scoring, and noise propagation modeling. As a multi-city, building-resolved 3D urban wind-field dataset, U3DWind enables systematic evaluation of wind-induced impacts in low-altitude traffic scenarios and provides an open benchmark for urban airspace management and data-driven high-fidelity urban flow simulation.

Data-driven turbulence closures are commonly calibrated by embedding a CFD solver within an inverse procedure that requires a converged flow solution at every optimization iteration, which is fragile and costly. We instead formulate closure identification as a PDE-constrained, data-driven inverse problem within a physics-informed neural network (PINN), and subsequently stabilize the inferred closure for deployment in a numerical solver. This separation eliminates the training cost of repeated CFD solves and associated adjoint or ensemble evaluations, providing substantial flexibility to investigate alternative closure forms. Using this flexibility, we develop four closures: three model the Reynolds stress on a realizable tensor basis—a local map, a non-local model transporting the turbulent kinetic energy and recovering the out-of-plane normal stress, and the same with a learned length scale $\ell$—and a fourth models the Reynolds force $\mathbf{F}=-\nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau}$ directly, free of the realizability constraint. All four are trained across six two-dimensional bluff-body wakes at $Re=10^4$ and deployed frozen in a standard finite-element solver, stabilized primarily by input-gradient smoothing. Under a strict leave-one-shape-out (LOSO) protocol, all four reduce the field errors of a steady SST $k$-$\omega$ baseline, most strongly on the mean velocity. The learned-length-scale closure is most accurate on the stress fields, while the force model generalizes best on the mean velocity and drag (LOSO drag error $\sim 7\%$). The closures also train efficiently on Particle Image Velocimetry data, enabling geometries intractable for DNS.

We address the ratio between the trace speed and the Hilbert-Schmidt speed for differentiable finite-dimensional quantum states, $\mathcal R=\|\partial_\phi\rho\|_1/\|\partial_\phi\rho\|_2$. Since the tangent $\partial_\phi\rho$ is Hermitian and traceless, $\mathcal R$ obeys stronger bounds than those for generic operators. For any nonzero tangent of rank $r$, we prove the sharp bounds $\sqrt{2}\le\mathcal R\le\sqrt{r}$ for even $r$ and $\sqrt{2}\le\mathcal R\le\sqrt{r-1/r}$ for odd $r$, characterizing all equality cases. Nonstationary pure-state and qubit families saturate the lower bound $\mathcal R=\sqrt2$. For odd Hilbert-space dimension $d$, we further prove the sharp global maximum $\mathcal R\le\sqrt{d-1/d}$. Interpreting $\mathcal R^2$ as the participation ratio of the singular-value distribution yields an effective-rank picture, $r_{\mathrm{eff}}=\mathcal R^2$. We decompose the effective rank into classical eigenvalue and quantum eigenvector contributions and obtain the bound $r_{\mathrm{eff}}\le r_C+r_Q$, with equality when either component vanishes. Linking the effective rank to the quantum Fisher information $F$ gives $r_{\mathrm{eff}}\ge 8\,\mathrm{TS}^2/F$, showing that a large effective rank is required when this lower bound substantially exceeds the universal minimum value $2$. Finally, a hierarchy of quantum speed limits shows how the effective rank controls the tightness of bounds expressed through the Hilbert-Schmidt speed.

To date, magnetic fields have been asteroseismically measured in nearly one hundred red giant cores. However, most analyses assume weak magnetic fields and slow rotation so that perturbation theory can be applied. The "traditional approximation of rotation and magnetism" (TARM) method can predict gravity-mode frequencies under strong magnetic fields and rapid rotation rates. So far, this formalism requires the magnetic field to be symmetric about the rotation axis. We generalize the TARM formalism to apply to arbitrary magnetic field geometries, including cases where the magnetic and rotation axes are misaligned, as well as fields with no symmetry axis at all. The resulting gravity modes exhibit a rich diversity of wave behavior, including oblique pulsation and avoided crossings. We also clarify the domains of validity of perturbation theory and the TARM formalism.

We investigate how the compactification of some spatial dimensions in Rindler spacetime affects the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of the field squared and the energy-momentum tensor for a charged scalar field prepared in the Fulling-Rindler vacuum state. A toral compactification is considered with quasi-periodicity conditions on the field operator along the compact dimensions. The phases of these conditions are interpreted in terms of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compact dimensions. For a general number of spatial dimensions, the components of the VEVs are explicitly separated, corresponding to the expectation values in the Minkowski vacuum. As a limiting case, the VEVs are retrieved in Rindler spacetime with trivial topology. We demonstrate that, for non-zero phases in the periodicity conditions, the vacuum energy-momentum tensor exhibits off-diagonal components with indices in the compact subspace. Near the Rindler horizon, the leading terms in the asymptotic expansions of the field squared and the diagonal components of the energy-momentum tensor coincide with the corresponding VEVs in Rindler spacetime with trivial topology. The off-diagonal components of the energy-momentum tensor vanish on the Rindler horizon. For small accelerations, the difference between the VEVs in the Fulling-Rindler and Minkowski vacua is exponentially small. The exception to this is a massless field with zero phases in the periodicity conditions. In this special case, the difference decays according to a power law as a function of acceleration. As an application, we consider the VEVs near the horizon of cylindrical black holes and topological black holes with toroidal horizons.

We study exclusive electroproduction of dijets in the collinear factorization framework as a probe of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). For quark dijet production, we extend previous analyses by including contributions from helicity GPDs and by assessing an additional leading-order electromagnetic channel governed by elastic nucleon form factors. Furthermore, we investigate exclusive gluon dijet production. We compare our prediction to HERA data and provide projections for measurements at the future Electron-Ion Collider.

In the present study, we extend our previous analysis of the proton electromagnetic form factors (FFs) extracted from exclusive photon leptoproduction (EP) measurements in kinematic regions where the Bethe–Heitler (BH) process dominates the cross section by including all currently available high-precision EP data from CLAS and Hall~A Collaborations. Using the same phenomenological framework, we investigate the consistency among the different datasets, determine the proton electromagnetic FFs within several fitting scenarios, and extract the corresponding charge and magnetic radii. A significant tension is found between the CLAS 2018 measurements and the remaining EP data, with the low-$|t|$ region playing a dominant role in this tension. We systematically investigate this behavior through $|t|$-cut scans and assess its impact on the extracted FFs and radii. For all analyses, the extracted proton charge radius is smaller than the Particle Data Group average and most determinations based on elastic electron–proton scattering. However, the results are consistent, within uncertainties, with the PRad measurement and muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. In contrast, the magnetic radius is found to be compatible with the current world average. These results demonstrate that BH-dominated EP measurements provide an independent and complementary approach to determine the electromagnetic structure of the proton and offer additional support for the small-radius solution of the proton charge-radius puzzle.

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is one of the most important research tools in theoretical plasma physics. To solve the motion of charged particles, the Boris method (a.k.a. the Boris integrator/pusher/solver) has been used for more than a half century. Although the Boris solver has good accuracy, the demand for high-accuracy numerical solvers has been increasing, and new integrators have been actively developed. In this contribution, we present novel high-accuracy particle integrators, the hyper Boris integrators, for nonrelativistic kinetic simulations. We further discuss their connection to 3D rotation representations.

Quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a promising route to fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their use requires efficient preparation of encoded states. Standard encoder constructions generate circuits through fixed algebraic procedures, yet the resulting circuit can contain substantial redundancy. We formulate LDPC encoder preparation as a circuit-resynthesis problem: given the linear-reversible matrix implemented by the encoder's CNOT block, we seek a lower-cost equivalent circuit that can be routed efficiently on the target hardware and which mitigates noise. We propose a novel optimization approach referred as two-sided Hamming descent and a noise-aware optimization pipeline for this task. Across several families of Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) LDPC encoders, including Bivariate Bicycle, hypergraph-product, and entanglement-assisted codes, the proposed pipeline produces substantially smaller and shallower encoder circuits than the standard constructions and the synthesis baselines considered, cutting gate counts by 53.8% in aggregate across the benchmark and by up to 68% on the Bivariate Bicycle family. The gains remain visible after routing, where the two-qubit depth is reduced by up to 71% and translate into higher-fidelity state preparation under circuit-level noise. On the Bivariate Bicycle family, live-range scheduling further reduces routed preparation failure by up to 13.7% without adding two-qubit gates to the selected circuit. These results indicate that encoder-matrix resynthesis, combined with hardware-calibrated selection and scheduling, is an effective compiler-level tool for preparing quantum LDPC code states.

The possible interaction between dark matter and dark energy has been proposed as a mechanism to alleviate the coincidence problem and the Hubble tension. Strong gravitational lensing observations provide valuable constraints to test the properties of the dark components of the Universe. We present estimates of cosmological parameters employing strong lensing data for an interaction model Q, proportional to the dark matter density and dependent on the deceleration parameter q. The obtained results are consistent with an accelerating Universe. Furthermore, these results agree with previous studies suggesting that an interaction in the dark sector may help alleviate existing tensions in the expansion history of the Universe and highlight the potential of strong gravitational lensing as an independent cosmological probe.

We extend the distributional framework developed in the companion paper [Zolla, arXiv:2605.15716] to the nonlinear case, focusing on the second-order ($\chi^{(2)}$) response responsible for second-harmonic generation (SHG). Starting from the most general tensorial nonlocal second-order constitutive relation and combining a spatial moment expansion with a distributional thin-layer limit, we show that the full complexity of the nonlinear interfacial response condenses, at leading order, into two scalars, the nonlinear surface susceptibilities $\chi^{(2),s}_\parallel$ and $\chi^{(2),s}_\perp$, associated with the tangential and normal components of the electric field, respectively. A key structural result is established: via a marginal integration over one field argument, the nonlinear surface problem reduces recursively to an effective linear one, whose surface susceptibility is determined by the bulk nonlinear kernel alone. Generalized nonlinear Maxwell boundary conditions are derived explicitly for planar and spherical interfaces, and curvature corrections are obtained systematically. The formalism is illustrated on Gaussian, Yukawa, and tensorial Lorentz kernels.

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) with ultracold fermions provides a promising platform for realizing many-body quantum chaos through disordered, photon-mediated long-range interactions. Such setups are inherently open and are therefore subject to dissipation arising from cavity photon loss and atomic spontaneous emission. In this article, we study the driven-dissipative dynamics of a typical cavity QED setting including controllable disorder and long-range interactions. We find that the two dissipation sources have qualitatively different structures. Cavity loss reduces to a single dephasing channel, whereas spontaneous emission in the experimentally relevant regime generates a collection of nonlocal dephasing channels. Cavity-induced dephasing preserves signatures distinguishing integrable from chaotic Hamiltonian dynamics in observables that depend linearly on the density matrix, while spontaneous emission suppresses these signatures. By contrast, quantities that probe the structure of the many-body state, such as the entanglement entropy, are strongly affected by both dissipation mechanisms. Assuming experimentally realistic parameters, we derive quantitative constraints for the observation and control of many-body quantum chaos in cavity-QED platforms.

Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT) is often treated as a purely technical verification task. This PTCOG Treatment Efficiency Subcommittee White Paper instead frames PSQA as a workflow-embedded risk-control strategy and asks how different PSQA approaches reshape the same clinical risk landscape. Using a generic PBS-PT process-driven Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (pFMEA), 44 validated PSQA-relevant failure modes across 20 process steps were scored under a common no-PSQA baseline and three PSQA pathways: measurement-based PSQA, log file-based PSQA, and independent secondary dose calculation. A staged mathematical formalism separates preparatory data-stage effects, method-specific full-stage verification, cumulative endstate effects, and a Data-to-Cum bridge that quantifies additional verification benefit on the baseline scale. In this expert-scored, baseline-anchored model, log file-based PSQA produced the largest cumulative workflow-level risk-score reduction, followed by measurement-based PSQA and independent secondary dose calculation. The ranking is not a winner-takes-all rule or probability-calibrated risk estimate; instead, each method shows distinct risk-control strengths in different workflow regions. The White Paper therefore supports a risk-informed hybrid PSQA architecture, where log file-based PSQA, measurement-based PSQA, and independent secondary dose calculation are assigned to the workflow segments in which their signatures are strongest. It provides a transparent, semi-quantitative, stage-resolved framework for institutions seeking to evaluate, implement, or evolve PSQA in PBS-PT and emphasizes that log file-based PSQA must itself be supported by validated and governed log data and treatment records.

The Vlasov-Hartree system is a mean-field model for a mixture of infinitely many interacting bosons and fermions where the bosons are described quantum mechanically and the fermions are described classically. This paper studies the well-posedness and dispersive properties of the Vlasov-Hartree system with initial data of arbitrary size. We prove that the Vlasov-Hartree system is globally well-posed in a low-regularity functional framework where the particle trajectories are meaningfully defined, but which includes discontinuous fermion densities. Moreover, when the interaction between the bosons and fermions is repulsive, we prove that the system exhibits dispersion in the form of time decay estimates for the particle densities and fields. When the interaction is attractive, we show that, at worst, the fields exhibit very mild growth in time.

Neutrino oscillations provide compelling evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model, while the weakly interacting nature of neutrinos makes them powerful probes of new interactions and hidden sectors. In this work, we investigate a dark neutrino portal scenario in which neutrino mass generation is linked to a light dark sector charged under a new $U(1)_D$ gauge symmetry. While Standard Model fields remain neutral under $U(1)_D$, the dark neutrino sector is charged and communicates with the Standard Model exclusively through active–dark neutrino mixing. The associated neutrinophilic mediator induces ultra-long-range interactions, whereby electrons and neutrons in the Earth, Moon, Sun, Milky Way, and the cosmological matter distribution generate sizable matter potentials that modify neutrino oscillations. We explore the sensitivity of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), whose long baseline and pronounced matter effects make it uniquely suited to probe such interactions. We show that DUNE can access previously unexplored regions of parameter space and demonstrate that the same underlying coupling can simultaneously give rise to sizable neutrino self-interactions, including regions relevant for alleviating the Hubble tension, while remaining consistent with current neutrino oscillation constraints.

Seismic wavefield simulation is fundamental to seismology, but conventional finite-difference (FD) methods remain limited by numerical dispersion and stability constraints, which often require dense spatial grids and small time steps and thereby severely limit the effectiveness of iterative inversion workflows. We introduce a conditional diffusion-based wavefield propagator that advances seismic wavefields recursively from one time step to the next. Instead of learning an unconditional data distribution of wavefield evolution, the model is conditioned by a short history of recent wavefield time steps (snapshots), the velocity model, and the wavefield time step index, allowing it to represent the conditional transition between adjacent physical states. By training the network to directly predict the clean next wavefield snapshot, this strong physical conditioning makes it possible to replace the iterative reverse diffusion process with a single network evaluation for each predicted snapshot. To improve stability over long recursive rollouts, we further introduce a causal time-weighted loss, in which adaptive weights, accumulated as exponential moving averages of per-snapshot training errors, emphasize training directions that are consistent with the forward propagation sequence and reduce the amplification of one-step prediction errors. Because the learned propagator is tied to the temporal spacing of the training snapshots rather than to the FD stability limit, it can advance the wavefield using a physical time step ten times larger than that required by the underlying solver. Experiments on the Overthrust, SEG/EAGE, and Marmousi models show that the proposed method accurately reproduces wavefield snapshots and shot gathers and achieves an end-to-end speedup of 2.17 x over a GPU-accelerated tenth-order staggered-grid FD implementation under matched hardware conditions.

Using fully kinetic simulations that capture unprecedentedly large (from electron to ion) scales, we study magnetogenesis driven by continuous large-scale forcing until nonlinear dynamo saturation. We uncover a two-stage mechanism in collisionless ion-electron plasmas whose dynamics diverge dramatically from the pair-plasma case. In the first phase, electron pressure anisotropy triggers electron-Weibel modes, seeding small-scale magnetic fields. Then, a second growth phase emerges when the more massive ions develop their own strong anisotropy and drive ion-Weibel-type modes; concurrently, a Biermann-battery mechanism contributes to amplifying the magnetic field. This combined dynamics provides a tenfold amplification of the magnetic field in comparison to the pair-plasma case. Over long times, dynamo action continues until the system reaches a statistical steady state. This self-consistent kinetic mechanism provides a plausible explanation for robust magnetogenesis wherever an external forcing continuously stirs the plasma.

Arroyo-Ureña, Hernández-Tomé, López-Castro, Roig, and Rosell (AHLRR) take the structure-dependent (SD) amplitude for $\tau \to P \nu_\tau \gamma$ from the resonance chiral theory result of Guo and Roig (GR10), obtaining $\delta r_{SD} = +0.15\%$ in the pion channel. The convention dictionary in footnote 2 of GR10, repeated in footnote 1 of AHLRR, has the wrong sign in its axial entry: the printed amplitudes imply $F_A^{DF} = -2\sqrt{2}\, m_P F_A^{GR}$, not $+2\sqrt{2}\, m_P F_A^{GR}$. With the corrected dictionary, the GR10 amplitude agrees with the $O(p^4)$ chiral prediction in the axial sector but carries the opposite sign to the chiral anomaly in the vector sector; the relative sign fixed in the Decker-Finkemeier addendum is confirmed in both sectors. The identification in footnote 6 of AHLRR of their value with the pre-addendum result rests on the erroneous dictionary and does not hold. The numerical impact is small: $\delta r_{SD}$ shifts from $+0.150\%$ to $+0.146\%$ in the pion channel and from $+0.18\%$ to about $+0.16\%$ in the kaon channel.