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Physics Physics Instrumentation and Detectors

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Wednesday 14 October · still arriving

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from nucl-th

Fast Monte Carlo calculation of multiple scattering in resonant neutron capture

R. M. Djilkibaev

A fast Monte Carlo code has been developed to calculate multiple neutron scattering in a sample. Good agreement with an independent Monte Carlo calculation using SAMMY is obtained for neutron capture in $^{197}$Au over the energy range 50–300 eV. For capture following two or more scattering events, a difference is found between the direct Monte Carlo calculation and the analytical approximation in SAMMY. The computational speed allows the scattering correction to be recalculated whenever trial resonance parameters are changed during parameter estimation. The computational core is implemented in C++, while data preparation, calculation control and analysis are performed in Python. Model studies examine how Monte Carlo statistics affect the accuracy with which neutron and radiative resonance widths are recovered.
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Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from physics.med-ph

A single radiation hard pixel detector for proton dosimetry, imaging, energy resolution and beam monitoring

Nico Frederic Brosda, Stephane Higueret, Nicolas Arbor et al. (+7 more)

Proton therapy enables highly conformal tumour irradiation by exploiting the Bragg peak. Clinical precision relies on detector systems that provide linearity, spatial resolution, radiation hardness, and, for ultra-high-dose-rate (FLASH) therapy, high dynamic range with sufficient temporal response. No compact all-in-one solution currently fulfils all these requirements. Here, we present pixelated gallium nitride (GaN) arrays as a multifunctional platform. These detectors exhibit high linearity (proton currents from 70 to 1700 pA cm-2) and signal uniformity below 2% across 128 pixels. To probe GaN radiation hardness, we applied cumulative doses up to 6.7 MGy at energies from 25 MeV down to the Bragg-peak regime. Locally deposited dose dictates long-term signal loss, yet devices preserve linearity and spatial response. We demonstrate 0.25 mm effective spatial resolution, validated against radiochromic film. Proton radiography resolves fine tissue structures, with the dose extrapolated to 7 mGy per 1 ms frame in a prospective single-shot configuration. Energy-dependent responses match GATE/Geant4 simulations, and wedge measurements enable Bragg-peak tracking with an energy resolution below 10 keV in an optimised geometry. Real-time ms-scale beam monitoring enables live dose verification.These results establish GaN pixel detectors as a scalable and radiation-hard platform, enabling dosimetry, beam monitoring and energy verification in one device.
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All authors Nico Frederic Brosda, Stephane Higueret, Nicolas Arbor, Matilde Siviero, Maxime Hugues, Eric Frayssinet, Luisa Parschat, Christian Baumer, Andreas Dirk Wieck, Jean Yves Duboz

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from nucl-ex

Physics with Radioactive Ion Beams at the Nuclear Science Laboratory

W.S. Porter, D.W. Bardayan, M. Brodeur et al. (+13 more)

The University of Notre Dame is home to a rich history of nuclear science efforts, including some of the earliest developments in the production and creation of radioactive ion beams (RIBs). The resulting TwinSol facility stands as the longest continuously-operating RIB facility in the United States, and has enabled a wide range of experimental efforts in nuclear structure, astrophysics and fundamental symmetries through in-flight RIBs one to two nucleons from stability. A recent upgrade to TwinSol via a third solenoid constituted the founding of the TriSol facility, which provides cleaner, better-focused RIBs to downstream experiments. In this paper, we present a summary of RIB science at the Nuclear Science Laboratory (NSL) with both TwinSol and TriSol and discuss recent upgrades and future experimental plans at the facilities.
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All authors W.S. Porter, D.W. Bardayan, M. Brodeur, C. Dembski, P.D. O'Malley, F. Rivero, W.W. von Seeger, C. Boomershine, O. Bruce, S.R. Carmichael, S. Coil, A.M. Houff, J.J. Kolata, D. Schroeder, A.A. Valverde, R. Zite

Instrumentation and Detectors

A low-cost compact muon detector for millikelvin operation

Tengiz Ibrayev, Danish Khan, Alex Herscovics et al. (+5 more)

Ionizing radiation produces correlated errors in superconducting qubits, posing some challenges to quantum error correction. In addition, it causes background events in other superconducting cryogenic devices, such as kinetic inductance detectors and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Cosmic muons are a component of this background that can only be partly shielded against at ground level, but can be tagged by an independent detector inside the cryostat, so that the affected data can be vetoed, or the muon tags incorporated into error correction. We present a low-cost, compact muon detector consisting of two plastic scintillator modules, each read out by a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), operated in coincidence. We characterize the SiPMs from room temperature down to 10 mK, including the breakdown and upper-limit voltages that define the operating bias range. Operated as a muon counter, the detector measures a coincidence rate that, as expected, is independent of temperature within uncertainties and agrees with analytical and Monte Carlo predictions. Below approximately 8 K, each muon event produces two pulses, one narrow and one broad, an effect that, to our knowledge, has not been reported before. Coincidences with an independent muon detector outside the cryostat confirm that muons are still counted reliably in this regime. By studying the appearance of double pulses as a function of temperature and magnetic field up to 4.5 T, we find a behavior consistent with the phase diagram of a type-II superconductor. This links the double pulses to a superconducting material in the SiPM, likely an adhesion layer or diffusion barrier introduced during manufacturing. The mechanism by which the superconducting state produces the second pulse is not yet understood.
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All authors Tengiz Ibrayev, Danish Khan, Alex Herscovics, Komal Kataruka, Matilda Lawton, Sandhya Sharma, Steven Waddy, Laura Manenti

Instrumentation and Detectors

Exploring the proximity effect of thin tungsten-aluminum films for phonon-mediated kinetic inductance detectors

G. Del Castello, M. Mancuso, A. Langenkämper et al. (+18 more)

Lowering the energy threshold of phonon-mediated kinetic inductance detectors is a key step toward next-generation cryogenic calorimeter arrays with large target mass and high sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of integrating thin tungsten films, so far used for transition-edge sensors, into the fabrication of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). Here we present the results from the characterization of a single KID prototype composed of a tungsten-aluminum bilayer of respectively 15 nm and 35 nm thicknesses. The detector was successfully calibrated, and the superconducting film characteristics were measured by operating the device at different temperatures. We show that, by exploiting the proximity effect of superconductors, the device combines the relatively high critical temperature of aluminum with the large kinetic inductance contribution of tungsten. The main feature is a high kinetic inductance, which accounts for 36% of the total inductance, combined with a superconducting critical temperature of around 630 mK.
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All authors G. Del Castello, M. Mancuso, A. Langenkämper, A. Bento, C. Bonomo, M. Cappelli, F. Casadei, E. Cipelli, A. Cruciani, D. Delicato, F. Dominsky, M. Folcarelli, D. Hauff, B. Mauri, C. Moore, L. Pesce, F. Petricca, F. Pröbst, D. Quaranta, M. Vignati, M. Zanirato

Instrumentation and Detectors

Interactive event-driven 4D-STEM with Timepix4 and live analytical ptychography

Arno Annys, Hoelen L. Lalandec Robert and Jo Verbeeck

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy provides access to rich diffraction information at every probe position, but the high data rates associated with pixelated detectors remain a major challenge for interactive operation. Event-driven detectors offer an efficient alternative by representing the measurement as a sparse stream of individual incidences, substantially reducing requirements related to data handling and enabling on-the-fly processing. Here, we develop a high-throughput, real-time, 4D-STEM workflow based on the Timepix4 detector and demonstrate its operation at microsecond dwell times and standard beam currents. A common clock shared by the scan unit and detector allows the probe position of each electron event to be determined directly from its time-of-arrival, eliminating the need for inter-stream synchronization and enabling fully concurrent and independent multi-stream processing. The resulting pipeline continuously processes the detector data during acquisition, with the reconstructed images directly available. We demonstrate live virtual annular detector imaging, Real-Time Integration Center of Mass and direct electron ptychography within the guided progressive reconstructive imaging framework. The workflow sustains the high event rates of Timepix4 while maintaining zero latency for live interactive operation, thus extending event-driven 4D-STEM towards beam currents and acquisition conditions beyond those previously demonstrated with Timepix3-based systems. These results demonstrate that the combination of high-bandwidth event-driven detection, hardware-level synchronization and parallel processing can transform 4D-STEM from an offline technique into an interactive imaging modality, in which dose-efficient phase contrast and diffraction-based signals can serve directly as immediate feedback during STEM experiments.
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Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from hep-ex

MoEDAL-MAPP: the first dedicated search experiment at the LHC

John R. Ellis, Nick E. Mavromatos, Vasiliki A. Mitsou et al. (+1 more)

This special issue brings together a collection of original research articles and review papers addressing topics directly related to the MoEDAL-MAPP experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The experiment is designed to search for (meta-)stable, anomalously ionising particles predicted by theoretical extensions of the Standard Model. Several contributions explore the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of models of particular relevance to the experiment, including scenarios involving magnetic monopoles, highly electrically charged particles, and millicharged particles. Other contributions focus on experimental developments, highlighting novel detection techniques and technological advances aimed at identifying these unconventional signatures and probing new phenomena beyond the Standard Model.
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All authors John R. Ellis, Nick E. Mavromatos, Vasiliki A. Mitsou, James L. Pinfold

Tuesday 13 October · still arriving

Instrumentation and Detectors

Energy, vertex, and time response of a LiquidO detector with an opaque-scintillator target to Compton-tagged electrons

LiquidO Collaboration: S. Katz, J. T. Moffatt, G. Wendel et al. (+88 more)

LiquidO detectors confine scintillation light near its point of production by stochastic scattering in an opaque medium and collect it with a lattice of wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers. The elementary signal of such a detector is the point-like sub-MeV energy deposition, yet the response to that signal at the center of the detector volume has not been measured against an event-by-event ground truth. To close this gap, we couple BPULSE, a 4-liter prototype LiquidO detector, to a Compton-coincidence calibration setup that selects electron recoils of known energy on a constrained beam axis. The prototype is a 160 mm cube of opaque scintillator with 64 WLS fibers in alternating orthogonal layers at a 20 mm pitch, read out by silicon photomultipliers. Compton scatters of collimated gamma-ray beams from $^{137}$Cs and $^{60}$Co sources are tagged by a NaI(Tl) spectrometer. For 373.4 keV electrons, tagged from $90^{\circ}$ scatters of the $^{137}$Cs beam, the detector collects $19.04 \pm 0.07$ photoelectrons (p.e.). Across four operating points, the two sources at two scattering angles, it responds linearly at $48.3 \pm 1.5$ p.e./MeV. The energy resolution of $(23.4 \pm 0.4)\%$ matches the Poisson statistics of the detected photoelectrons. Collection at both fiber ends and larger sensors would raise the light yield of this target to an estimated 108-124 p.e./MeV. Center-of-mass reconstruction locates each recoil to the width of the delivered 20 mm beam spot, which bounds the intrinsic localization of the detector from above. The arrival time response sets a lower bound of 1.5 ns on the single-scatter start time at the observed $\approx 19$ p.e. light level. This single-scatter response is the building block for reconstructing multi-site events. It constrains the light collection, confinement, and timing models on which reconstruction in future LiquidO detectors will rest.
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All authors LiquidO Collaboration: S. Katz, J. T. Moffatt, G. Wendel, D. F. Cowen, I. Jovanovic, S. Schoppmann, A. S. Wilhelm, J. Apilluelo, L. Asquith, N. P. Barradas, J. L. Beney, M. Berberan e Santos, X. de la Bernardie, T. J. C. Bezerra, M. Bongrand, C. Bourgeois, D. Breton, J. Busto, A. Cabrera, A. Cadiou, E. Calvo, M. de Carlos Generowicz, B. J. Cattermole, E. Chauveau, M. Chen, P. Chimenti, S. Kr. Das, S. Dusini, A. Earle, M. Felizardo, C. Frigerio Martins, J. Galán, J. A. García, A. Gibson-Foster, C. Girard-Carillo, J. J. Gómez-Cadenas, W. C. Griffith, K. Groomes, M. Guitière, F. Haddad, J. Hartnell, A. Holin, I. G. Irastorza, W. Keck, A. Kling, L. Koch, J. F. Le Du, F. Lefevre, P. Loaiza, J. A. Lock, T. Lux, G. Luzón, J. Maalmi, J. P. Malhado, F. Mantovani, J. G. Marques, C. Marquet, M. Martínez, D. Navas-Nicolás, H. Nunokawa, J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux, T. Palmeira, C. Palomares, D. Petyt, P. Pillot, A. Pin, M. S. Pravikoff, S. Richards, M. Roche, N. Rodrigues, R. Rosero, B. Roskovec, M. L. Sarsa, A. Serafini, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, W. Shorrock, M. Silva, L. Simard, S. R. Soleti, D. Stocco, V. Strati, J. S. Stutzmann, F. Suekane, N. Tuccori, A. Verdugo, B. Viaud, S. M. Wakely, A. Weber, A. W. R. Wong, M. Yeh, F. Yermia

Instrumentation and Detectors

The Energetic Particle Detector Instrument on ELFIN

Colin Wilkins, Ryan Caron, Ethan Tsai et al. (+24 more)

We present the design methodology, implementation, and data products of the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) instrument on-board the Electron Losses and Fields Investigation (ELFIN) dual SmallSat mission. ELFIN was designed to study the time-evolution of energetic particle distributions in Earth's magnetosphere, having operated in polar Low Earth Orbit (LEO) from 2018 to 2022. Each satellite's instrument payload contained a pair of detector heads to sense differential-directional fluxes of 50 keV to $\sim$5 MeV electrons (EPDE), and 50 keV to $\sim$2 MeV atomic ions (EPDI), with an energy resolution better than 50% ($\Delta E/E<0.5$). The satellites were spinning with a nominal period of 2.8 s in a plane containing Earth's background magnetic field, with particle counting intervals subdivided into 16 consecutive spin sectors. Each EPD was paired with a three-axis Fluxgate Magnetometer (FGM) sampled at 80 Hz for local pitch-angle determination. Each detector head operated on the principle of pulse-height analysis (PHA) in solid state media, collimated by a rectangular 22.5$^\circ$ field of view and entrance aperture. The EPDE contained a stack of 6 silicon detectors (0.7 cm total thickness) with 0.15 cm$^2$ str geometric factor, with ion contamination mitigated by an aperture foil and digital coincidence logic. The EPDI contained a stack of 2 silicon detectors (0.1 cm total thickness) with 0.03 cm$^2$ str geometric factor, with electron contamination mitigated by a magnetic broom stage and digital anti-coincidence logic. The total assembled mass, volume, and power required for the EPD detector heads and circuit boards were 939 g, 10$\times$9.8$\times$8.4 cm$^3$, and 2.3 W, respectively. We describe each EPD design element alongside instrument data products and processing.
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All authors Colin Wilkins, Ryan Caron, Ethan Tsai, Chris Shaffer, Patrick Cruce, Maxwell Chung, Andrei Runov, Jiang Liu, Drew Turner, Yuri Shprits, Wen Li, Michael Lawson, Emmanuel Masongsong, Cindy Russell, Eric Grimes, Jiashu Wu, Matthew Allen, Jessica Artinger, Alex Flemming, Brayden Hesford, Laura Iglesias, James King, Austin Norris, Carter Pedersen, Daniel Thomlinson, Wynne Turner, Vassilis Angelopoulos

Instrumentation and Detectors

Cryogenic characterisation of the FBK NUV-HD-cryo Silicon Photomultipliers for the DarkSide-20k dark matter experiment

F. Acerbi, P. Adhikari, P. Agnes et al. (+299 more)

Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) are highly promising detectors for dark matter searches due to their uniform response, scalability to large target masses, and compatibility with ultra-low background conditions. The DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) experiment, currently under construction at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), aims to achieve unprecedented sensitivity to Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), approaching the neutrino fog. At the heart of the detector is a dual-phase TPC filled and surrounded by low-radioactivity argon from underground sources (i.e. Underground Argon (UAr)), functioning both as the WIMP target and detection medium. The experiment employs Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) NUV-HD-cryo Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) as the chosen photon sensors for its optical planes. Key SiPM properties such as dark noise rate, gain and direct crosstalk were measured using specialized test setups at 77 K. The photon detection efficiency (PDE) was measured under vacuum at 77 K over the wavelength range 350-820 nm. Secondary photon emission, which can give rise to external optical crosstalk, was measured under vacuum at 86 K over the wavelength range 550-1020 nm.
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All authors F. Acerbi, P. Adhikari, P. Agnes, I. Ahmad, S. Albergo, I. F. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. K. Alton, P. Amaudruz, G. A. Anastasi, M. Angiolilli, E. Aprile, D. J. Auty, M. Ave Pernas, O. Azzolini, H. O. Back, Z. Balmforth, A. Barrado Olmedo, P. Barrillon, G. Batignani, S. Bharat, P. Bhowmick, S. Blua, V. Bocci, W. Bonivento, B. Bottino, M. G. Boulay, T. Braun, A. Buchowicz, J. Busto, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, R. Calabrese, V. I. Calì, A. Caminata, N. Canci, M. Caravati, M. Cardenas-Montes, N. Cargioli, M. Carlini, L. Castellani, P. Castello, D. F. F. S. Cavalcante, P. Cavalcante, S. Cebrian, A. Chepurnov, L. Cifarelli, Y. Coadou, I. Coarasa, V. Cocco, E. Conde Vilda, L. Consiglio, H. Coombes, A. F. V. Cortez, B. S. Costa, P. A. Costa e Silva, M. Czubak, S. D'Auria, M. D. Da Rocha Rolo, A. Dainty, G. Darbo, S. Davini, R. de Asmundis, S. De Cecco, M. De Napoli, G. Dellacasa, A. Derbin, L. Di Noto, P. Di Stefano, D. Díaz Mairena, C. Dionisi, G. Dolganov, F. Dordei, A. Elersich, E. Ellingwood, T. Erjavec, N. Fearon, M. Fernandez Diaz, L. Ferro, A. Ficorella, G. Fiorillo, D. Fleming, L. Flores, P. Franchini, D. Franco, H. Frandini Gatti, F. Gabriele, D. Gahan, C. Galbiati, G. Galiński, G. Gallina, M. Garbini, P. Garcia Abia, A. Gawdzik, G. K. Giovanetti, A. Gola, L. Grandi, G. Grauso, G. Grilli di Cortona, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, J. Guerrero Cánovas, M. Gulino, S. B. Habtemariam, B. R. Hackett, A. Hallin, M. Haranczyk, T. Hessel, C. Hidalgo, J. Hollingham, S. Horikawa, J. Hu, F. Hubaut, D. Huff, T. Hugues, A. Ianni, A. Ianni, V. Ippolito, A. Jamil, C. Jillings, P. Kachru, R. Keloth, N. Kemmerich, A. Kemp, K. Kondo, G. Korga, L. Kotsiopoulou, S. Koulosousas, P. Kunze, M. Kuss, M. Kuźniak, M. Kuzwa, M. I. Kwon, M. La Commara, M. Lai, E. Le Guirriec, E. Leason, A. Leoni, L. Lidey, J. D. Lipp, L. Lippolis, M. Lissia, L. Luzzi, O. Lychagina, O. Macfadyen, J. Machts, I. Machulin, S. Mameli, S. Manecki, I. Manthos, A. Marasciulli, S. M. Mari, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, M. Martinez, G. Matteucci, K. Mavrokoridis, A. Mazzi, A. B. McDonald, L. Meng, A. Messina, R. Milincic, G. Miller, S. Minutoli, A. Mitra, J. Monroe, M. Morrocchi, A. Morsy, V. Muratova, M. Murra, C. Muscas, P. Musico, R. Nania, M. Nessi, G. Nieradka, K. Nikolopoulos, E. Nikoloudaki, J. Nowak, K. Olchanski, A. Oleinik, P. Organtini, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, A. Padmanabhan, M. Pallavicini, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, D. Papi, L. Parellada Monreal, B. Park, G. Pastuszak, G. Paternoster, R. Pavarani, A. Peck, P. A. Pegoraro, K. Pelczar, R. Perez, V. Pesudo, S. Piacentini, N. Pino, G. Plante, A. Pocar, S. Pordes, P. Pralavorio, E. Preosti, D. Price, G. Prior, M. Pronesti, S. Puglia, M. Queiroga Bazetto, F. Raffaelli, F. Ragusa, Y. Ramachers, A. Ramirez, S. Ravinthiran, K. Raymond, M. Razeti, A. L. Renshaw, A. Repond, M. Rescigno, S. Resconi, F. Retiere, A. Ritchie-Yates, A. Rivetti, A. Roberts, C. Roberts, D. Rodríguez Rodas, G. Rogers, L. Romero, M. Rossi, D. Rudik, J. Runge, M. Sabia, C. Salerno, P. Salomone, O. Samoylov, S. Sanfilippo, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, E. M. Santos, I. Sargeant, M. L. Sarsa, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, D. Semenov, C. Seoane, A. Serrecchia, M. Sestu, V. Shalamova, S. Sharma Poudel, A. Sheshukov, M. Simeone, D. Sitzia, P. Skensved, M. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, T. Smirnova, B. Smith, F. Spadoni, M. Spangenberg, A. Steri, M. R. Stock, V. Stornelli, S. Stracka, A. Sung, C. Sunny, Y. Suvorov, A. M. Szelc, O. Taborda, B. Tam, R. Tartaglia, A. Taylor, J. Taylor, G. Testera, A. Thompson, S. Torres-Lara, A. Tricomi, S. Tullio, E. Unzhakov, M. Van Uffelen, P. Ventura, G. Vera Díaz, S. Viel, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, J. Vossebeld, B. Vyas, M. Wada, M. Walczak, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, L. Williams, M. M. Wojcik, M. Wojcik, Z. Xu, J. Yin, A. Zabihi, P. Zakhary, A. Zani, H. Zhan, Y. Zhang, G. Zuzel

Instrumentation and Detectors

Performance and Radiation Damage of the Heavy-Ion Silicon Beam Tracker in the BM@N Experiment

D. Chemezov, S. Khabarov, Yu. Kopylov et al. (+6 more)

The Silicon Beam Tracker (SiBT) of the BM@N experiment at the NICA complex (JINR, Dubna) is designed to reconstruct trajectories of beam ions upstream of the target. It consists of three stations based on double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSDs) installed directly in the relativistic heavy-ion beam. The SiBT performance and radiation damage were studied using data from the 2026 experimental run with $^{124}$Xe beams at~$1.6$,~$2.2$, and~$3.0$~AGeV. During the run, the leakage current of the DSSD of the third station of SiBT increased by $28.95~\mu\mathrm{A}$, while the charge collection efficiency in the beam center decreased to approximately $68\%$ at the nominal bias voltage of 30~V. Increasing the bias voltage to 90~V restored the charge collection efficiency to approximately $95\%$. Despite the radiation-induced signal degradation, the tracking efficiency remained close to $99\%$. The accumulated radiation damage was also used to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the integrated beam fluence from strip-by-strip leakage-current measurements, yielding an average fluence of approximately $1.3\times10^{12}~\mathrm{n_{eq}/cm^2}$.
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All authors D. Chemezov, S. Khabarov, Yu. Kopylov, I. Osokin, A. Sheremeteva, E. Streletskaya, O. Tarasov, E. Zubarev, N. Zamiatin

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from physics.optics

Non-contact lens metrology from optical flow and differentiable ray tracing

Hector A. Jimenez-Romero and Wolfgang Heidrich

Accurate lens surface metrology is essential to determine the manufactured geometry of refractive optical elements and their deviation from the specified design. We demonstrate a transmission metrology method that reconstructs refractive lens surfaces from the displacement of a wavelet-noise-patterned mask. Lens-induced distortion is represented by a dense displacement field. A differentiable ray tracer fits the lens geometry using a calibrated near-telecentric camera model with an effective finite ray origin. We validate the method on commercial lenses. The recovered geometries agree with nominal specifications, and the plano-aspheric reconstruction is compared with chromatic confocal profilometry.
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Monday 12 October

Instrumentation and Detectors

FINESSE: A Versatile Beamline for Fundamental Interactions with Neutrons at the European Spallation SourcE

J. Amaral, J. Barrow, M. Bartis et al. (+71 more)

FINESSE (A Versatile Beamline for Fundamental Interactions with Neutrons at the European Spallation SourcE) is a proposed versatile beamline for fundamental interactions with neutrons at the European Spallation Source. Building on the HIBEAM design studies, FINESSE extends the original concept into a dual-guide beamline capable of operating either in a high-flux configuration or in a low-background configuration within a single ESS beam port. The high-flux branch is optimized for rare-process searches, including neutron–antineutron oscillations, neutron–sterile-neutron transitions, axion-like-particle searches, neutron charge measurements, and rare neutron decays. The low-background branch is designed for precision measurements requiring strong suppression of prompt and line-of-sight backgrounds, with a cryogenic neutron electric-dipole-moment experiment used as a benchmark case. A baseline exchangeable-guide concept has been developed in which only short guide sections inside the ESS bunker are exchanged, while the upstream extraction system and chopper positions remain fixed. A staged implementation, Short FINESSE, would use the upstream section of the high-flux beamline together with a compact magnetically controlled experimental region, enabling an early physics and R&D programme before completion of the full facility. This paper summarizes the scientific case, beamline concept, guide simulations, chopper and timing system, magnetic-field control, detector developments, and staged implementation strategy. FINESSE would establish a long-term particle-physics infrastructure at ESS, providing a beamline for both discovery-driven searches and precision neutron measurements throughout the lifetime of the facility.
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All authors J. Amaral, J. Barrow, M. Bartis, D. H. Beck, P. M. Bentley, J. Bijnens, G. Brooijmans, L. J. Broussard, A. Burgman, G. Cibinetto, G. Croci, D. D. Di Julio, P. Fierlinger, B. W. Filippone, C. Gatto, H. Gisbert, H. Gogoi, G. Gorini, A. Gutierrez-Rodriguez, A. Koberinski, M. Kaczmarek, M. Silarski, M. O'Riordan, A. Heinz, J. Henderson, M. Holl, H. T. Johansson, B. Jonsson, H. Henriksson, L. Jonsson, Y. Kamyshkov, M. P. Kuhl, P. Kinhult, R. Kolevatov, A. Kozela, W. T. Lee, K. K. H. Leung, T.-J. Liang, G. Luzin, B. Meirose, D. Milstead, R. Mohapatra, G. Muhrer, A. Muraro, A. Nepomuceno, N. Okada, A. Oskarsson, T. Palasz, R. Pasechnik, V. Larsson, L. B. Persson, O. Putignano, J. Ramsey, C. Snow, L. Werselius, B. Rataj, A. Rodriguez-Sanchez, A. Saunders, V. Santoro, F. Scioscioli, R. Shrock, D. Silvermyr, H. Sina, W. M. Snow, Y. V. Stadnik, L. Tchelidze, N. Tsapatsaris, A. Tureanu, A. Vilela Pereira, M. Wolke, J. Womersley, S. Xu, A. R. Young, K. Osterberg

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from physics.acc-ph

Anomaly Detection in Bunch Oscillations for Early Warning of Sudden Beam Loss at SuperKEKB

H. Haigh, P. Horak, G. Inguglia et al. (+5 more)

Sudden beam loss (SBL) events at the SuperKEKB collider result in the loss of a large fraction of the stored beam within just a few revolutions, on a timescale comparable to or shorter than the 20-30 {\mu}s latency of the existing abort system. Such events have damaged collimators and threaten Belle II subdetectors. Bunch Oscillation Recorders (BORs) capture transverse bunch positions at each revolution, which often show sizable oscillations that precede significant beam current loss. We test whether these precursors can be detected earlier than a charge-based reference that mimics the existing abort sensors. We apply several oscillation-based anomaly detection algorithms to 208 SBL events recorded in the low-energy ring during the 2024 run period, ranging from simple rolling statistics to machine learning models trained to forecast bunch oscillation. On 173 events not used for training or calibration, the best-balanced model (DeepLSTM) triggers before the charge-based reference in 86-90% of events across five training seeds, with a mean lead time of 25-30 {\mu}s. The only trigger classified as a false alarm fires on an oscillation that begins about 60 turns before the abort and persists until the beam is lost, making it more likely an early precursor than a spurious trigger. These results establish bunch oscillations as a viable early abort trigger and motivate a shadow-mode deployment to measure the false-alarm rate in continuous operation.
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All authors H. Haigh, P. Horak, G. Inguglia, C. Krause, G. Mitsuka, H. Nakayama, R. Nomaru, M. Tobiyama

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from cond-mat.mes-hall

1/f frequency-noise reduction in nanomechanical resonators by dissipation dilution

Kostas Kanellopulos and Silvan Schmid

The frequency noise of a resonant nanomechanical sensor is well understood down to its thermomechanical limit, but the longest useful averaging time is set by a flicker, or $1/f$, frequency-noise floor whose origin has remained unknown. We show that this floor is the thermal noise of the tension. By the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the tension of a resonator with fixed ends fluctuates by an amount set by the loss angle of its material; for structural damping, these fluctuations produce $1/f$ frequency noise with a flicker coefficient $h_{-1}=E k_{\mathrm{B}} T/(2\pi V\sigma_0^2 Q_{\mathrm{el}})$, with $Q_{\mathrm{el}}$ the intrinsic loss under elongation, that contains no free parameter and is diluted by the tensile stress $\sigma_0$ in the same way as damping is in dissipation dilution. Silicon nitride strings and membranes from 30 to 340~nm thickness follow the predicted volume scaling, the predicted $\sigma_0^{-2}$ dilution across resonators and within stress-engineered strings, and the predicted thickness dependence, which places noise-active two-level systems in the volume and at the surfaces of the resonators, all at the absolute level set by the independently measured intrinsic loss. The same relation accounts for published data between 78 and 296~K; below 78~K, the loss measured at the resonance no longer represents the loss probed by the noise, marking the limit of the structural-damping assumption. Dissipation dilution therefore lowers the $1/f$ floor, and the longest useful integration time of a resonant sensor is set by its prestress, volume, temperature, and intrinsic loss angle.
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Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from hep-ex

Experimental Demonstration of Soft-Tissue Muon Scattering Tomography

Dipanwita Banerjee, Benjamin Banto Oberhauser, Paolo Crivelli et al. (+1 more)

Muons have fascinated physicists since their discovery in cosmic rays almost a century ago. Their large mass and relatively long lifetime allow relativistic muons to traverse large amounts of matter, a property that has been exploited to probe otherwise inaccessible structures, from volcanoes and archaeological monuments to shielded nuclear materials. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that muon scattering tomography can be extended to biological soft tissue. We image an anthropomorphic thorax phantom using a 2 GeV/c muon beam at the CERN Proton Synchrotron and reconstruct its three-dimensional scattering density from the measured deflections of individual muons. Despite the weak scattering produced by tissue-equivalent materials, the reconstructed density agrees with the expectation from simulation at the percent level. Our results extend muon imaging into a previously unexplored regime and open the possibility of using muons as a complementary probe for medical imaging.
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All authors Dipanwita Banerjee, Benjamin Banto Oberhauser, Paolo Crivelli, Laura Molina Bueno

Instrumentation and Detectors

Readout chain of SPD DAQ system

L. Afanasyev, A. Berngardt, A. Boikov et al. (+8 more)

The Spin Physics Detector (SPD) experiment at the NICA collider of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) aims to study the spin structure of the nucleon and spin-related phenomena. The experimental conditions, including the high interaction rate and the large number of readout channels, require a triggerless data acquisition system with high throughput and a scalable architecture. This work presents a hardware implementation of the readout chain that extends the previously proposed SPD DAQ architecture. The chain is based on two levels of concentrators. The L1 concentrator provides the interface between the front-end electronics and the next system level and distributes synchronous signals. The L2 concentrator aggregates data streams from several L1 concentrators before transmitting them to the computing system. A key feature of the L2 implementation is the offloading of data reception, buffering, and aggregation from the host CPU to the FPGA, motivated by the large number of small packets generated by the readout electronics. The developed hardware platforms and their operating logic are presented, together with experimental results for the main interfaces and data-path components. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hardware architecture and its application in a scalable SPD data acquisition system.
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All authors L. Afanasyev, A. Berngardt, A. Boikov, V. Borshch, D. Erofeev, V. Frolov, K. Gritsay, V. Olshevsky, A. Kulikov, S. Tereshchenko, V. Tereshchenko

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from cond-mat.stat-mech

Universal Boolean Computation in Negatively Coupled Circle Map Lattices

Priyanka D. Bhoyar and Prashant M. Gade

We investigate the computational capabilities of a one-dimensional lattice of negatively coupled circle maps in its traveling wave regime. We interpret propagating waves as information carriers and exploit their interactions to implement Boolean logic. The logical states are encoded by the propagation direction of the traveling waves, while the presence or absence of a wave at a designated output location represents the logical output. Using controlled wave collisions, we demonstrate the realization of NAND and NOR gates along with other basic gates. Since NAND and NOR operations are functionally complete, the results establish that the traveling wave regime of the negatively coupled circle-map lattice supports universal Boolean computation in principle. The demonstrated logical operations remain valid over a finite range of the coupling strength \epsilon and map parameter \omega, indicating robustness of the computational scheme to parameter variations. Our results therefore demonstrate that computational functionality can emerge from the collective nonlinear dynamics of a coupled map lattice, providing a con- nection between the dynamical properties of traveling wave states and collision based information processing.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

A Low-Temperature Tool for Acousto-electric Detection

Rohit Mandlik and Sunil Nair

We have developed an apparatus for the measurement of the acousto-electric effect (AEE) from room temperature to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The AEE is excited by bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) for which a lithium niobate piezoelectric actuator is employed. A very low background noise level is realized through careful electrical and mechanical design of the setup. The validity of the setup is tested by measuring the AEE in heavily doped P-type and N-type silicon. The opposite sign of the AEE signal was seen for both samples, showing dependence of the signal on the type of charge carrier being dragged by acoustic waves. The signal showed quadratic dependence on the driving voltage, which is consistent with the AEE literature. Further, a temperature dependence of the AEE signal was measured, which exhibits a monotonic increase with a rise in temperature. The ability to probe the AEE in bulk samples at low temperatures makes this setup a promising tool to investigate the AEE and related phenomena in different materials at cryogenic temperatures.
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Sunday 11 October

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from cs.AR

O-SCOPE: a Raspberry Pi Pico oscilloscope

Gabriel Andrecut and Mircea Andrecut

In this paper we provide an introduction to some of the efficient features of the Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2) family of microconroller boards (RP2040 and RP2350). More exactly, we show how to use PIO (Programmable Input/Output) and DMA (Direct Memory Access) to program the RP2 boards for efficient DAC (Digital to Analog) and ADC (Analog to Digital) conversions. Using OP-AMPS (Operational Amplifiers) we also show how to build a minimal electronic frontend interface for signal input/output. Finally, we integrate all these components into a product, the O-SCOPE, which is a practical and easy to use oscilloscope and wave function generator. The RP2 component of the O-SCOPE is built using Micropython, while the user interface is developed using vanilla Javascript and it runs on the web browser of any computer, interacting with the RP2 board via the Web Serial API. The O-SCOPE web interface is hosted on GitHub Pages such that it is directly accessible everywhere using a web browser, such that no local installation is required. Also, the RP2 software component is freely distributed on GitHub using the UF2 (USB Flashing Format) mass storage file, and it can be installed by simply dragging the file on the RP2 boards. These features make the O-SCOPE easily accessible, transforming it into a very low cost and useful tool for laboratories everywhere in the world.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

Broadband 600- and 1200-GHz Subharmonically Pumped Schottky Diode Mixers

Peter Sobis, Vladimir Drakinskiy, Karl Jacob et al. (+3 more)

A subharmonic mixer topology is introduced that uses quarter-wave stubs to create virtual RF/LO grounds and provide impedance matching in close proximity to the antiparallel Schottky barrier diode pair, thereby reducing the electrical length and enabling broadband operation. The RF/LO matching topology is demonstrated at 600 GHz and 1200 GHz, with good agreement between measured and simulated performance. The 600-GHz mixer demonstrates approximately 20% RF bandwidth with a DSB receiver noise temperature below 1300 K across most of the measured band, while the 1200-GHz implementation achieves DSB receiver noise temperatures below 3000 K over a broad frequency range. Both mixers are characterized at room temperature with approximately 2 mW of LO power. The 600-GHz mixer is used in the Submillimeter Wave Instrument (SWI) onboard ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. Overall, these results demonstrate state-of-the-art room-temperature performance for broadband receiver front ends targeting atmospheric research and remote-sensing applications.
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All authors Peter Sobis, Vladimir Drakinskiy, Karl Jacob, Axel Murk, Anders Emrich, Jan Stake

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from physics.optics

Dual deconvolution multifocal fluorescence response matrix microscopy for aberration-free high-throughput super-resolution imaging

Sumin Lim, Sanghyeon Park, Tran Thinh Le et al. (+3 more)

Fluorescence response matrix imaging enables separate computational correction of excitation and emission aberrations through dual deconvolution, but single-focus acquisition requires a large number of camera frames, limiting its practical use. Multifocal excitation can accelerate acquisition by recording many illumination positions in parallel, but denser foci also increase inter-focus crosstalk, which can bias the estimated excitation and emission optical transfer functions and degrade aberration correction. Here, we introduce high-throughput aberration-free fluorescence response matrix imaging with adaptive multifocal illumination, in which the inter-focus spacing of the multifocal lattice is adjusted according to specimen-dependent crosstalk. A programmable digital micromirror device generates multifocal excitation lattices, and the resulting detector-resolved fluorescence responses are assembled into a two-coordinate fluorescence response matrix. Dual deconvolution separately estimates and corrects the excitation and emission optical transfer functions, and the aberration-corrected matrix is then combined in the spatial-frequency domain to reconstruct the aberration-free image. This strategy reduces the number of required camera frames by approximately three orders of magnitude, allowing response matrices with $\sim 10^6$ illumination positions to be acquired within seconds to a few minutes. The accelerated acquisition preserves the aberration-correction capability of dual deconvolution and achieves an estimated lateral resolution of $\sim$100 nm. Applied to heterogeneous mouse brain and kidney tissue, the method enables high-resolution, depth-resolved volumetric imaging while correcting specimen-dependent aberrations. Together, these results establish adaptive multifocal illumination as a practical route to high-throughput aberration-free fluorescence response matrix imaging.
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All authors Sumin Lim, Sanghyeon Park, Tran Thinh Le, Jin Hee Hong, Seokchan Yoon, Wonshik Choi

Saturday 10 October

Instrumentation and Detectors

Development of high-resolution timing technique in the past 25 years

Jerry Vavra

This paper reviews recent progress in high-resolution timing, rate capability, and aging performance of particle detectors in the context of developments over the past 25 years. It focuses on MCP, SiPM, LGAD, 3D silicon, and SiEM detectors and compares their performance with that of gaseous timing detectors. In addition, preliminary results from a simplified simulation program, Mini-TCAD, are presented, indicating that hexagonal 3D silicon cells may provide better drift-time uniformity and timing resolution than square cells.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

Response of GAGG(Ce) scintillators to different charged particles

Kai-Jie Zhou, Zai-Hong Yang, Hooi-Jin Ong et al. (+13 more)

Charged-particle telescopes play an essential role in studies of nuclear clustering, which require high-resolution detection of charged breakup fragments. GAGG(Ce) is a promising scintillator for charged-particle detection at high counting rates because of its high light yield, fast response, and non-hygroscopic nature. However, systematic data on its light-output response to different charged particles remain scarce. In this work, we present a systematic study of the scintillation light-output response of GAGG(Ce) crystals to various charged particles and quantify the associated quenching behavior. The relationship between the scintillation light output and the deposited energy is established over a broad range of particle species and energies, providing essential experimental input for response modeling and energy calibration of GAGG(Ce)-based charged-particle detector systems.
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All authors Kai-Jie Zhou, Zai-Hong Yang, Hooi-Jin Ong, Qi-Te Li, Ze-Yu Du, Jia-Wei Bian, Cheng Wang, Jin-Ning Li, Satoru Terashima, Bing-Feng Lv, Xuan Wang, Zhi-Chao Zhang, Hong-Na Liu, Yu-Yang Yu, Peng-Jie Li, Ye-Lei Sun

Friday 9 October

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from hep-ex

A machine-learning method for the estimation of the background from jets misidentified as hadronic tau lepton decays

CMS Collaboration

Backgrounds arising from quark- and gluon-initiated jets misidentified as hadronically decaying tau leptons constitute a major experimental challenge for analyses involving tau leptons. The MUltivariate Fake-Factor INference (MUFFIN) approach, a machine-learning-based method for estimating this background directly from observed events, is presented. Boosted decision tree reweighting is used to learn multidimensional, per-object correction factors directly from observed data, thereby modelling the jet to hadronic tau lepton misidentification probability across the kinematic and topological phase space without relying on low-dimensional parametrisations. Performance studies are presented using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62.4 fb$^{-1}$. Compared to low-dimensional parametrisation methods, improved modelling of key kinematic observables is achieved, particularly in regions of high $p_\mathrm{T}$. The improved modelling leads to a reduction of up to 70% in the systematic uncertainty associated with jets being misidentified as hadronically decaying tau leptons. The MUFFIN method provides a robust and scalable method for background estimation in precision measurements and searches for beyond-the-standard-model physics involving tau lepton final states.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

Measurement of the free ion yield and estimate of the electron mobility of Trimethyl-Bismuth (TMBi)

B. Gerke, V. Hannen, S. Peters et al. (+5 more)

This paper investigates the physical characteristics of the liquid Trimethyl-Bismuth (TMBi) relevant for charge readout in potential TMBi filled detectors for Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET) instruments. The high photo-efficiency and the possibility of fast timing by detection of Cherenkov light created in the liquid are both favorable for use of TMBi in a PET system. However, to obtain a high position and energy resolution also a readout of the charge signal created due to the absorption of a 511 keV photon is required. For this purpose the liquid has to be clean of electro-negative and ionic impurities. A distillation technique was developed within this study as one of the possible methods to remove such impurities and a measurement on the efficiency of this cleaning method is provided. The relevant quantities for an efficient charge readout are the free ion yield and the electron mobility of the liquid. We report on a new measurement of the zero-field free ion yield in TMBi and, using that result, produce an estimate of the electron mobility. The rather low zero-field free ion yield and its much lower expected electron mobility compared to tetramethyl-n compounds like TMSi question the use of the trimethyl molecule TMBi for a PET detector liquid. But we are also giving arguments that the tetramethyl molecule TMPb could be an interesting alternative.
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All authors B. Gerke, V. Hannen, S. Peters, C. Huhmann, V. Sharyy, D. Yvon, K. Schäfers, C. Weinheimer

Instrumentation and Detectors · Cross-listed from cond-mat.soft

A new device for live cell imaging of biological samples under in-plane shear

Sidharth Kumar Das, Lyova Mamoyan, Eberhard Bodenschatz et al. (+1 more)

The effect of mechanical stresses and deformations upon the behavior and properties of cells and tissues is a topic of paramount interest in the field of biophysics. Its understanding is essential for deepening our comprehension of cellular responses to environmental stimuli, with implications in fields ranging from embryogenesis to tumor development. For boosting the understanding in this field, it is important to develop devices for the application of simple deformations in order to probe the cellular response to the basic mechanical transformations. While a number of stretching devices have been developed, in-plane shearing deformation has been little investigated. Here, a new device is introduced that allows the application of homogeneous in-plane shear upon a cell monolayer while imaging the sample with a commercial optical microscope. A description of the faced experimental challenges is reported and a full characterization is presented. It is demonstrated the capability of the device to apply reproducible, controlled and homogeneous shear of both single cells and confluent cellular monolayers.
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All authors Sidharth Kumar Das, Lyova Mamoyan, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Stefano Villa

Instrumentation and Detectors

Beam Spill Structure Measurements at CEE Using the T0 Detector

Shuaike Lv, D. Hu, Dayu Yin et al. (+29 more)

The Cooling Storage Ring External-target Experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou uses a slow-extracted heavy-ion beam whose temporal profile directly affects detector occupancy. The existing CEE T0 detector, originally designed to provide the event start time, is extended in this work to measure the spill structure immediately upstream of the fixed target. The detector consists of a 0.8-mm-thick EJ-200 plastic scintillator read out by 16 silicon photomultipliers at each end. The SiPM signals are conditioned and discriminated by the NINO front-end electronics, and the resulting timing signals are recorded using an FPGA-based time-to-digital converter. In laboratory tests, with the laser trigger set to its maximum available repetition frequency of 100~MHz, the recorded T0 hit-rate distribution was concentrated around 100~MHz. During the June 2024 beam test with 350-MeV/u Kr ions, the accelerator team varied several operating settings, including RF-KO, sextupole, and feedback settings, while T0 independently recorded the corresponding spill profiles. An empirical representation was used to extract the rise, plateau, and fall durations from the stored profiles. The plateau duration was used as the primary comparison metric while accelerator stability and RF-system load were also considered. The measurements clearly distinguished the spill-profile responses associated with different accelerator settings. The spill obtained with the selected settings exhibited a more nearly rectangular envelope than the initial profile, although residual fluctuations and a terminal spike remained. These results demonstrate that the existing CEE T0 detector can provide independent beam-structure information during accelerator tuning.
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All authors Shuaike Lv, D. Hu, Dayu Yin, Haoqian Xu, Herun Yang, He Zhao, JiaJun Qin, Junfeng Yang, Juan Ruan, Jie Li, Ke Sun, Lei Zhao, Lijun Mao, M. Shao, Min Li, Meitang Tang, Shiya Huang, Tong Liu, Tingting Hou, Weilong Li, Wenwen Ge, XiangLun Wei, Yuhong Yu, Yingjie Zhou, Yiding Zhao, Yapeng Zhang, Zhoubo He, Zhijie Li, Zixuan He, Ziyang Wei, Zhiyu Sun, Zhengyang Sun

Instrumentation and Detectors

CNN-based Position Reconstruction for the T0 Detector in the HIRFL-CSR External-target Experiment

Shuai-Ke Lv, D Hu, M Shao et al. (+2 more)

The T0 detector provides the event start time for the HIRFL-CSR external-target experiment, and its multi-channel readout signals also contain 2D position information of incident particles. In the CEE experiment, the dedicated beam-profile detector has a rate capability of only ~1 kHz, far below the beam event rate of up to 1 MHz, so it cannot provide real-time beam-spot monitoring under high-rate data-taking or an event time reference. To fill this gap, this work studies a CNN-based position reconstruction method that enables the T0 detector to provide both start time and beam-spot information. The over-threshold times and time-over-threshold (TOT) values from 32 SiPM channels are reorganized into a geometry-preserving input tensor. Time features are corrected by event-wise mean-time subtraction, and TOT features are normalized by an event-wise trimmed mean before feature standardization. A customized CNN directly regresses the incident coordinates. Training and validation samples are built with Geant4 simulation and waveform digitization, and the method is evaluated using a pulsed-laser scanning data set with known position labels. On independent test sets, the residual standard deviations for uniformly distributed planar simulation data are about 1.11 and 1.04 mm in x and y. For the discrete laser-scanning geometry, the resolutions are about 2.36 and 1.34 mm in simulation and 2.42 and 1.41 mm in experiment. The trained model is applied to CEE zero-field beam data collected at the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, in January 2026, and a 2D beam-spot distribution is reconstructed. These results show the T0 detector's potential as a high-rate beam-spot monitor while retaining its role as an event start-time detector.
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All authors Shuai-Ke Lv, D Hu, M Shao, Yingjie Zhou, Yiding Zhao

Instrumentation and Detectors

Application and Optimization of the GET Electronics System for Double-Sided Silicon Strip Detector Readout

Jiawei Bian, Zaihong Yang, Qite Li et al. (+7 more)

Double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSDs) are widely used for charged-particle detection in nuclear reaction experiments. However, the large number of readout channels associated with DSSDs places stringent demands on front-end electronics and data acquisition systems, particularly in experiments employing large detector arrays. In this work, we investigate the application and optimization of the Generic Electronics for Time Projection Chambers (GET) system for multi-channel DSSD readout. Through optimization of the DC-blocking capacitors on the custom-designed interface board and waveform-based energy extraction algorithms, the readout system achieves an energy resolution of {\sigma} = 22 keV for 5.49 MeV alpha particles. Its performance is further validated in a representative nuclear physics experiment employing charged-particle telescopes. The results demonstrate that the GET system provides a versatile and scalable waveform-sampling solution for multi-channel DSSD readout.
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All authors Jiawei Bian, Zaihong Yang, Qite Li, Zeyu Du, Xuan Wang, Ningtao Zhang, Pengjie Li, Zhongtao Shen, Kaijie Zhou, Cheng Wang