Papers

We consider the following chemotaxis-growth system, featuring density-suppressed motility and a $\theta$-logistic growth term that incorporates a strong Allee effect: \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} u_t &= \Delta(\gamma(v)u) + \mu u(1-u^\theta)(u-A), & x \in \Omega, \quad t > 0, v_t &= \Delta v - v+ w^\beta, & x \in \Omega,\quad t > 0, w_t &= -\delta w +u, & x \in \Omega, \quad t > 0, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^d (d\geq 2)$ with smooth boundary. Here $\mu\in \mathbb{R} , \delta,\beta>0, \theta\geq1$, and the positive motility function $\gamma(v) \in C^3([0,\infty))$ fulfills $\gamma'(v) \leq 0$ for all $v\geq 0$. The main objective of this paper is to establish the global existence and boundedness of classical solutions to the proposed problem. Our analysis combines the Schauder fixed point theorem for proving local-in-time existence with the extensibility criterion, fundamental energy estimates, $L^p-$bounds, the Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality, Young's inequality, semigroup estimates, and a Moser-type iteration scheme to derive uniform-in-time $L^{\infty}-$bounds, thereby ensuring global bounded classical solutions. More precisely, we establish that the chemotaxis-growth system admits a unique globally bounded classical solution whenever $\beta < \frac{2(\theta+2)}{d}$. Furthermore, if the logarithmic derivative of the motility function is assumed to be uniformly bounded on $[0,\infty)$, that is, $\frac{\gamma'(v)}{\gamma(v)} \in L^{\infty}([0,\infty))$, then the above restriction on $\beta$ can be weakened to $\beta < \frac{d(\theta+1)+2(\theta+2)}{2d}$, provided that $\theta > \frac{4-d}{d-2}$.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $f(a_1, \ldots, a_n) = \sum_{i=1}^k r_{i1}^{a_1} \cdots r_{in}^{a_n} m_i$ be a linear-exponential map over an $R$-module $M$. Dong and Shafrir (2026) showed that, when $\ell M = 0$ for some $\ell \in \mathbb{N}_{>0}$, the zero set of $f$ is the intersection of effectively computable $p$-normal sets, where $p$ ranges over the prime divisors of $\ell$. This generalizes an earlier theorem of Derksen and Masser (2012) on the solution set of $S$-unit equations over fields of positive characteristic. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we give a shorter proof of Dong and Shafrir's result, using the theorem of Derksen-Masser as a blackbox. Our proof also yields a decomposition of the zero set as a positive Boolean combination of affine transformations of zero sets of linear-exponential equations over fields. Second, we prove a multi-dimensional generalization of the Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem over rings of finite characteristic. Specifically, we show that the zero set of every $n$-dimensional linear recurrence sequence over an $R$-module $M$ satisfying $\ell M = 0$ is the intersection of effectively computable $p$-normal sets (in $\mathbb{N}^n$), where $p$ ranges over the prime divisors of $\ell$. For example, this gives a decision procedure for whether two classical linear recurrence sequences have a common value over a ring of characteristic $p^a$ or $p^a q^b$, where $p$ and $q$ are primes.

We show that the $E_8$ and Leech lattices generate the stealthiest isometry-invariant, locally square-integrable point processes of intensity $1$ in $\mathbb{R}^8$ and $\mathbb{R}^{24}$, respectively, and that they are the unique stealthiest processes. We also apply the proof technique to sphere packing and energy minimization, and we construct a $20$-dimensional periodic configuration that is stealthier than any known $20$-dimensional lattice with the same particle density. This periodic configuration is a formal dual of Vardy's $20$-dimensional sphere packing.

(This is a reprint of the thesis published in the Transactions of the Conference Devoted to the 90th Anniversary Of Alexei A. Lyapunov, Novosibirsk, October 8-12, 2001, pages 323-327). The number of ways for partial $n$-quasigroups of order $4$ to be extended to $n$-quasigroups is investigated. Upper bounds on the number of $n$-quasigroups of order $4$ are obtained. The asymptotic $3^{n+1}2^{2^n+1}$ of that number is established.

Although market participants generally have access to a common information set, they make decisions based on forecasts formed over heterogeneous horizons. Because market impact depends on aggregate positions rather than trader identities, these decisions feed back into prices through their collective effect. We introduce a linear mean-field model of this interaction. The observed price is decomposed into a martingale component, a common predictable signal represented by a Volterra process, and the market impact generated by aggregate positions. Agents take positions according to conditional forecasts of future signal increments and a fraction of anticipated aggregate impact over their respective horizons. Within a Gaussian-Volterra framework, we characterize equilibrium through a linear fixed-point equation for aggregate positions and establish existence and uniqueness under explicit conditions. At equilibrium, we identify a balance condition that cancels the direct transmission of the common signal to the observed price. We then study the limit in which agents fully account for market impact. Along a suitably scaled family of equilibria satisfying explicit conditions, the contributions of the predictable signal and the market impact cancel in the limit, and the observed price converges to its martingale component. For fractional-type signals and Gamma-distributed horizons, we further derive local Hölder bounds and identify the horizon distributions for which the observed price has local regularity compatible with that of Brownian motion.

We prove a Berry-Tabor theorem for the repulsive three-particle trigonometric Sutherland Hamiltonian. For fixed total momentum, its relative spectrum is an affine translate of the positive-definite $A_2$-form. For a Diophantine coupling, the desymmetrized spectrum has Poissonian pair correlation. The proof reduces the problem to a finite-congruence and Weyl-sector version of Marklof's theorem on inhomogeneous quadratic forms.

We study open sets of nearly plane symmetric data for the $3D$ compressible Euler equations with dynamic entropy and non-trivial vorticity. In our prior work, we proved that the solutions develop a gradient singularity along a singular boundary, which is a hypersurface that emanates from a co-dimension 2, spacelike submanifold called the crease. In the present paper, we prove that a null hypersurface, called a Cauchy horizon, emanates from the crease, and propagates in a direction transverse to the singular boundary. The solution remains smooth up to the Cauchy horizon, even though it “feels” the influence of the gradient singularity at the crease. The union of the Cauchy horizon, the crease, and the singular boundary, make up a connected portion of the boundary of a maximal globally hyperbolic development (MGHD) of the data. Roughly, an MGHD is the “largest” way that smooth data can evolve into a classical solution. Known examples show that the only way one can guarantee uniqueness of an MGHD is by proving that certain structural properties hold along its entire boundary. We prove that a local version of the needed properties are satisfied along the Cauchy horizon and singular boundary. Our work provides the first description of the formation, structure, and stability of an $O(1)$-size portion of the Cauchy horizon in $3D$ without symmetry assumptions. The presence of dynamic entropy and vorticity stretching, both of which are absent in simpler settings such as $2D$ isentropic Euler, introduces significant difficulties that we resolve with novel techniques. Our approach relies on new foliations of spacetime dynamically adapted to the shape of the crease, and a PDE framework based on double-null foliations and the energy identities we derived in earlier work. Collectively, our techniques allow us to handle a challenging new solution regime where the crease lacks strict convexity.

We establish the existence of standing waves for a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with potentials belonging to the Kato class and an $L^\infty$-bounded nonlinearity, whose Lipschitz constant is smaller than the distance from zero to the essential spectrum of the linear part. We consider both the nonresonant and resonant cases. Our approach is based on the Conley index theory applied to study invariant sets of the associated parabolic semiflow. Using properties of the Schrodinger semigroup with Kato-class potentials, which follow from its Feynman-Kac representation, we derive a priori estimates for bounded solutions in the $L^\infty$ and $L^2$ norms, as well as regularity bounds in Sobolev spaces. As a consequence, we obtain conditions ensuring the existence of connecting orbits between stationary solutions, which in turn yield the existence of nontrivial standing waves.

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance provides a principled framework for aligning metric measure (mm) spaces based solely on their intrinsic structure. Its ability to identify isomorphic representations of distributions across spaces renders it valuable for comparing data where equality up to isomorphism occurs naturally such as in graphs or, more generally, distributions on graphs. Recently, a type of dual form for the GW distance between Euclidean distributions with the squared Euclidean or inner product costs was derived, spurring the development of new statistical and algorithmic results for this setting. This work furnishes a novel duality result for GW distances with and without entropic regularization that is applicable to all finitely supported mm spaces. Leveraging this result, we derive the sample complexity of empirical GW distances between finite mm spaces, as well as limit distributions under proper centering and scaling. Furthermore, we propose new algorithms for solving the regularized GW problem which are subject to formal convergence guarantees. These statistical and algorithmic advancements give rise to a principled and efficient framework for testing whether two distributions on the set of graphs with a fixed number of nodes are isomorphic based on samples.

This note proves that the truncated octahedron of Archimedes is a strict local minimizer of the isoperimetric quotient among parallelohedra in three dimensions. This extends the corresponding result from the five-dimensional lattice-Voronoi subclass to the full ten-dimensional local parameter space. A six-zone parametrization and Schur's lemma reduce the Hessian to two positive definite $2\times 2$ matrices.

In this article we focus on the solutions of a congruence equation: $\binom{2n}{n}\equiv 2^n \bmod n$. Using the main result of this article and the SageMath software, we improve largely the number of known solutions. Furthermore, we prove that some famous numbers like even perfect numbers and Wieferich primes are connected to solutions of this equation.

In 1983, Daykin and Frankl conjectured that if $P$ is a convex subset of $Q_n$, then it contains at least $|P|\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}2^{-n}$ pairwise incomparable elements. We verify and communicate an LLM-generated proof of this conjecture.

We establish convergence rates of solutions to traveling waves for a reaction diffusion model with nonlinear advection. The convergence rate is proven using the shape defect function. We introduce a novel energy methods-based approach that uses a weighted Nash inequality to obtain $L^\infty$-estimates on the shape defect function. In determining the convergence rates, we also establish the front location for the model.

We introduce the notion of a non-attacking rook placement on a crossword grid. A crossword grid is a collection of white squares (which comprise across and down words) and black squares (which separate the words), and a complete non-attacking rook placement on such a grid is a subset of white squares which intersects every across and every down word exactly once. We prove an upper bound on the number of rook placements that a general grid can admit. We then study sparse grids in which no two black squares share an edge and show that rook placements on certain sparse grids correspond bijectively to alternating sign matrices with prescribed $-1$ entries. Specializing further to permutation grids, we prove that every permutation grid admits at least one rook placement, and characterize the permutations whose grids admit exactly one placement in terms of the Robinson–Schensted correspondence. Throughout, we pose a variety of conjectures and open questions.

Discretization fundamentally limits structure identification in stochastic systems. When system stochasticity exceeds the discretization resolution, entropy-based methods lose their ability to distinguish which input drives the output. We study this in Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning (FIR), a nonparametric framework for learning dynamical systems from discretized measurements, where the choice of input variables determines both predictive accuracy and the interpretability of the learned input–output relationships. Entropy-based selection targets explainability, i.e., identifying which variables causally drive the output, while mean-squared-error-based selection targets prediction. We introduce a resolution-stochasticity ratio that governs when entropy-based selection is reliable. Three results follow. First, entropy-based selection is consistent below this threshold but loses discriminative power above it, regardless of sample size. Second, using the entropy-selected variables for prediction instead of the MSE-selected ones incurs a closed-form excess prediction risk that grows with input complexity and shrinks with sample size. Third, reliable identification of the causally relevant inputs requires data that scales with the number of input combinations and inversely with the strength of the entropy signal. The theory is validated on a two-state Markov model and demonstrated on a distribution grid reliability dataset analyzing the impact of infrastructure investment, where the goal is to explain which investments drive reliability improvements rather than merely predict outcomes.

In this article we consider various properties of a normed lattice, which are similar to semicontinuity (also known as the Fatou property), establish relations between these properties, and discuss stability of these properties under renorming. In particular, we show that a normed lattice $F$ is order continuous iff every renorming of $F$ is semicontinuous. We also prove that the weakly Fatou (we propose the term “demicontinuous”) normed lattices are precisely the ones isomorphic to regular sublattices of monotonically complete Banach lattices. In order to do so we introduce the concept of the Lorentz completion of a demicontinuous normed lattice, which is somewhat analogous to the universal completion from the vector lattice theory. Furthermore, we unify and simplify the proofs of the characterizations of monotone completeness from \cite{aw} and \cite{taylor} and provide their quantitative versions. The semicontinuity-related properties in AM-spaces have some additional features. While the classical Kakutani theorem states that AM-spaces are precisely the closed sublattices of $\Co\left(K\right)$-spaces, we show, using two different methods, that the semicontinuous AM-spaces are precisely the closed regular sublattices of $\Co\left(K\right)$-spaces. Finally, we prove that for a normed space $E$, the AM-space of positively homogeneous weak* continuous functions on $\Ba_{E^{*}}$ is semicontinuous iff it is a regular sublattice of $\Co\left(\Ba_{E^{*}},\mathrm{w}^{*}\right)$ iff $\dim E<\8$.

Nonlinear-manifold reduced-order models for parametrized finite element problems can achieve substantial compression both in the number of generalized (latent) coordinates and, through sampling-and-weighting hyperreduction, in the number of sampled elements/integration points. Yet current sampling-and-weighting approaches employ weights that remain fixed over the solution manifold. We contend that this restriction leaves hyperreduction potential untapped: allowing the weights to vary continuously and nonlinearly with the latent coordinates can further decrease the number of sampled spatial entities. To exploit this possibility, we propose the Manifold-Adaptive-Weight Empirical Cubature Method (MAW-ECM). Starting from a feasible fixed-weight ECM rule, a greedy pruning strategy removes sampled entities through convex quadratic weight-redistribution problems enforcing local conditions and positivity. The method is assessed on two nonlinear benchmarks: homogenization of a metamaterial unit cell exhibiting negative incremental stiffness, and a history-dependent continuum-damage problem. In both cases, the nonlinear manifold is constructed from an initial linear compression followed by an input-informed identification of the latent coordinates as general linear combinations of the retained modal amplitudes, incorporating graph information when relevant to seek the intrinsic dimensionality of the solution manifold. We show that combining the nonlinear-manifold representation with MAW-ECM reduces the number of sampled integration points by more than two orders of magnitude relative to the corresponding standard linear reduced model. Relative to the fixed-weight manifold models alone, the adaptive weights eliminate approximately 80% of the remaining points in the homogenization benchmark and more than 97% in the damage benchmark, while essentially preserving their accuracy.

Thirty years ago in “On the Maslov Index” the present authors with their late collaborator Prof. Ronnie Lee of Yale University presented an axiomatization of the Maslov index, an integer-valued invariant of continuous, piecewise smooth paths of pairs of Lagrangians. Four distinct methods of definition of such Maslov indicies were given; each satisfying the axioms. Here two more are offered and comparisons are made to the recent work of Her and Zhong defining an invariant of a path of symplectic matrices motivated by earlier work of Lidskii and Gelfand, Salomon and Zehnder.

We present a finite-dimensional realization theory for bivariate rational functions that are contractive or have nonnegative real part on the bidisc or on the bihalfplane. We show that the realization formula depends only on the underlying domain, while the distinction between the four resulting function classes is captured entirely by explicit matrix inequalities imposed on the realization matrices. These results provide finite-dimensional realizations for rational Schur–Agler and Herglotz–Agler functions, extending the previous infinite-dimensional results. We further characterize symmetric realizations by means of a Hermitian unitary symmetry of the realization data, yielding realization theorems on the symmetrized bihalfplane. Finally, we obtain determinantal representations for symmetric stable polynomials and, consequently, for stable polynomials on the symmetrized bihalfplane. For rational functions over the real field the respective representations can use matrices with real entries.

Let $q=p^h>7$ be odd, put $m=(q+1)/2$, and suppose that $i=(m-2)/2$ satisfies $\gcd(i,m)=\gcd(i+2,m)=1$. For the $\mathbf{F}_{q^2}$-maximal function field $\mathcal{F}_i=\mathbf{F}_{q^2}(x,y)$ defined by $y^m=x^i(x^2+1)$, Peter Beelen, Maria Montanucci, Jonathan Niemann, and Luciane Quoos showed that the geometric automorphism group contains a subgroup of order $4(q+1)$ and conjectured that its order is exactly $4(q+1)$. We prove this equality by establishing the reverse inequality.

For a numerical semigroup $S$ with Frobenius number $F$ and gaps $G$, a polynomial $P\left(z\right)=\sum_{g\in G}c_{g}z^{g}$ of degree $F$ is called a gap polynomial. We show that for a symmetric numerical semigroup, the power sums of the critical points of a gap polynomial vanish for every power $g\in G$. For a pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroup, the same result holds if the term $z^{F/2}$ is omitted from $P\left( z\right) $. We give several corollaries, including that the sum of the critical values of a gap polynomial vanishes.

The structure of non-invertible symmetries in 2D CFT is closely tied to the algebra of preserved holomorphic fields, its representation theory, and its embedding in the full chiral algebra of the CFT. Unfortunately, finding new embeddings of a chiral algebra into another is a difficult mathematical problem, and one of the major obstacles in the pursue of new and exotic categories of non-invertible symmetries. In this work, we describe a simple general technique that leads to a number of new non-trivial results in this direction: (1) For the holomorphic Monster CFT $V^\natural$, we show that for every `Fricke' non-anomalous Monster element of order $N$, there is an embedding of the parafermion algebra $\frac{su(2)_N}{u(1)}$ in $V^\natural$, we compute the characters of its commutant, and describe the topological defects preserving these subalgebras. (2) We provide an easy-to-check sufficient condition for a holomorphic VOA $V$ to be self-orbifold under a cyclic group of (invertible) symmetries, and determine the associated duality defect. (3) We find several new topological defects in CFTs arising from heterotic strings on $T^4$. (4) We prove a number of VOA embeddings and topological defects in the Leech lattice CFT, in Schellekens theories, and other CFTs of various central charges, and suggest several generalizations of our methods.

Statistical procedures for functional data are routinely applied after changes of time scale, registration, or other reparametrisations, although it is generally unclear when the resulting inference is independent of the chosen coordinates. We characterize this equivariance for local-linear covariance estimation from sparsely observed functional data. At the population level, covariance operators are unitarily conjugate under every diffeomorphic reparametrisation. At the estimation level, exact commutation holds universally if and only if the reparametrisation is affine. For a general \(C^{2,1}\) diffeomorphism, departure from equivariance is controlled by the normalized curvature \(\kappa_\psi=\|\psi''/\psi'\|_\infty\), with local-linear defect \[ O_P\!\left\{\kappa_\psi \left(h^2+h n_{\mathrm{loc}}^{-1/2} +h_0^2+h_0 n_{\mathrm{loc},1}^{-1/2}\right)\right\}. \] Thus zero curvature is exactly the boundary of statistical equivariance. We then show that finite-group symmetry acts as an orthogonal-projection regularizer: its risk gain is exactly the anti-invariant estimation error minus the squared symmetry misspecification. An orbit-covariance identity quantifies the attainable variance reduction and shows why group size alone does not determine the gain. These principles propagate to eigenvalues, eigenspaces and truncated PACE prediction. The results separate coordinate invariance at the population level from the geometric obstructions introduced by statistical smoothing.

Combinatorial set theory provides several tools to study derived limits of certain inverse systems of abelian groups. Most known nonvanishing results for $\lim^n$ with $n>1$ depend on some guessing principles of the form $\mathrm{w}\lozenge(S)$ called weak diamonds. In this paper, we explore some applications of the guessing principle $\clubsuit(S)$ and its weakenings instead.

It was recently shown by Yeliussizov \cite{Yeliussizov} that integer partitions in dimensions $d \geq 7$ asymptotically grow strictly faster than MacMahon numbers. As MacMahon numbers match with integer partitions in dimensions $d = 1,2$, the comparison of asymptotics of integer partitions with MacMahon numbers in intermediate dimensions ($d = 3,4,5,6$) is an open question. In this work, we perform Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations till $N=15000$ by using adaptive weight learning followed by conventional MCMC steps to numerically estimate the asymptotics of integer partitions in these intermediate dimensions. We numerically establish that in these intermediate dimensions, partitions asymptotically grow faster than MacMahon numbers. More specifically, assuming that the limits exist, we show: $\lim_{n\to\infty}n^{-3/4}\log p_3(n) = 1.8196 \pm 0.0019$, $\lim_{n\to\infty}n^{-4/5}\log p_4(n) = 1.7215 \pm 0.0045$, $\lim_{n\to\infty}n^{-5/6}\log p_5(n) = 1.6521 \pm 0.0059$, and $\lim_{n\to\infty}\log n^{-6/7}p_6(n) = 1.652 \pm 0.021$ for partitions in dimensions $d=3,4,5,$ and $6$ respectively. These numbers are all larger than MacMahon leading order asymptotic coefficients of $1.7898, 1.6614, 1.5737,$ and $1.509$ respectively. Additionally, we also find estimates for some of the sub-leading asymptotic terms in $\log p_d(n)$ in each of the dimensions.

This expository article is based in part on the author's lecture series, "Einstein Metrics, Four-Manifolds, and Differential Topology," which was delivered as a 2026 Cours de la Chaire d'Excellence for the Fondation Sciences Mathématiques de Paris.

We construct finite geproci sets in every projective dimension and in every positive characteristic by introducing $\mathbb{F}_N$-Artin-Schreier configurations. In $\mathbb{P}^3$, we characterize exactly when such configurations are geproci: an $\mathbb{F}_N$-Artin-Schreier configuration on $q$ lines spanning $\mathbb{P}^3$ is $(q,N)$-geproci if and only if $q\leq N$. We then develop a lifting construction which produces geproci sets in $\mathbb{P}^n$ for every $n\geq 3$.

We study general holographic fluctuation equations with apparent singularities, and the associated spectral functions. We consider the regime where an apparent singularity approaches the boundary, for which the near-boundary behavior of solutions can be determined via an inner/outer matching type of calculation. Depending on properties of the equation, we find that the merging of an apparent singularity with the boundary may generate either a zero or a pole for the corresponding spectral function. Our results also indicate that the recently introduced holographic product formula still applies in the presence of apparent singularities.

We derive an exact transport equation for the quantum Calogero model, i.e. inverse-square interacting bosons on a line, from microscopic first principles.

We show that finite-index extensions of essentially free countable Borel equivalence relations are essentially free, answering a question of Kechris.