Papers

We investigate the relation between gravitational entropy and holographic entanglement entropy in braneworld gravity with gravitational dynamics localized on the brane. We first consider the DGP brane model, in which an Einstein-Hilbert term is included in the brane action, and derive the condition under which the gravitational entropy of a braneworld black hole agrees with the holographic entanglement entropy. We show that the two entropies coincide when a specific condition involving the extrinsic curvature of the brane is satisfied. In particular, this condition is automatically satisfied for static configurations. We then generalize the brane-localized Einstein-Hilbert term to higher-curvature gravitational theories. For Lovelock gravity and $f(R)$ gravity on the brane, we derive the corresponding conditions for the equality between gravitational entropy and holographic entanglement entropy and show that they take the same form as that obtained for Einstein gravity. Although the equality is not guaranteed for general stationary configurations, the required condition is satisfied for static braneworld black holes, leading to an agreement between the two entropies. These results clarify the relation between gravitational entropy and holographic entanglement entropy in braneworld gravity and contribute to a deeper understanding of holography in braneworld settings.

Superionic conductors enable exceptionally fast ion transport in solids and offer broad technological potential. However, their highly conductive states are typically accessed only above the order-disorder transition of the mobile-ion sublattice, which limits low-temperature operation. Here, electric-field-responsive machine-learning molecular dynamics reveals a nonequilibrium route to superionic transport in quasi-two-dimensional AgCrSe2 driven by an out-of-plane oscillating electric field. At 300 K, far below the transition temperature near 475 K, the field activates fast in-plane Ag+ transport with an ionic conductivity reaching ~1.7 S/cm. This originates from field-driven dynamic disorder of Ag+ across two equivalent sublattices rather than thermally induced disordering. With increasing frequency, the Ag occupation evolves from complete switching to a highly conductive dynamically disordered state and finally to an ordered state with weak field response. These regimes shift to higher frequencies with increasing temperature or field amplitude, consistent with competition between the driving period and Ag-sublattice response time. At strong fields, this timescale is consistent with field-assisted thermal activation, while weak-field deviations suggest additional dynamics beyond single-ion activation. These results suggest timescale-matched periodic driving as a route to transport-active ionic disorder far below an equilibrium superionic transition.

We show that trap rotation overrides Kibble-Zurek (KZ) universality when a 2D Bose-Einstein condensate forms via a finite-time quench. In stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii simulations, the rotation-induced chiral bias drives the vortex number close to the Feynman-Onsager (FO) value, independent of the quench time. Ramping up rotation with the quench restores the KZ scaling at low frequencies, with vortex numbers below the FO value. The vortices form a disordered lattice that a pinning potential can order into an Abrikosov lattice, even at low rotation. Trap rotation thus offers a control knob for critical dynamics.

We consider monoenergetic particles propagating in three spatial dimensions and undergoing elastic scattering off an external medium. For an arbitrary rotationally invariant scattering kernel, we derive an exact expression for the frequency- and wave-number-dependent diffusivity, thereby resumming the hydrodynamic gradient expansion to all orders. The result is an infinite continued fraction, with each successive level determined by the relaxation rate of a higher angular harmonic of the collision operator. Thus, while ordinary diffusion probes only the first angular harmonic, the resummed constitutive relation retains information about the full scattering kernel. We show how this microscopic information manifests itself in the analytic structure of the diffusivity and in the response to a localized external source. In particular, deviations from Fick's law decay exponentially with distance, at a rate determined by the nearest complex-wavenumber singularity of the inverse diffusivity. Thus, exponentially small departures from hydrodynamics retain detailed information about the underlying scattering process.

Quantum error correction (QEC) relies on repeated parity extraction, mid-circuit measurement (MCM), reset, feed-forward, and scheduling, yet these primitives are usually assessed either in isolation or through resource-demanding experiments. We introduce a few-sample benchmark of QEC-relevant primitives based on an MCM implementation of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) with a fixed set of linear parameters (LR-QAOA). For a chosen code, the QAOA Hamiltonian is constructed from its check structure, such that the resulting circuit mimics the syndrome-extraction connectivity and MCM pattern while producing a direct algorithmic signal, the approximation-ratio r. The LR-QAOA depth, defined by the number of QAOA layers, plays a role analogous to the number of repeated syndrome-extraction rounds in a QEC experiment. From QPU executions, the decay of r with depth defines an effective hardware error, which we map to an equivalent two-qubit depolarizing rate {\lambda}eff. We compare direct and MCM-mediated implementations across 10 QPUs from IBM, IQM, and Quantinuum, with circuits containing up to 2950 MCM operations. On Quantinuum's Helios-1 and H2-1, we run code-structured LR-QAOA benchmarks for surface-code, triangular color-code, and bivariate-bicycle qLDPC Hamiltonians up to 81, 91, and 48 data qubits, respectively, using up to 480 MCM operations. On IBM ibm_phoenix, we implement the surface-code structure and compare the LR-QAOA response with logical-memory experiments, observing a correlation between the benchmark and the logical performance across different regions of the QPU. Its construction and low resource requirements provide a practical benchmark for comparing hardware generations and QEC implementations before full logical-memory experiments are performed.

demonstrate a frequency-tunable, low-phase-noise terahertz (THz) synthesizer based on a fiber-interferometer-referenced optical frequency comb (OFC), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-integrated Vernier cavity, and dual optical injection locking (OIL). The Vernier cavity converts the densely spaced modes of a fiber OFC with a repetition frequency of approximately 100 MHz into a filtered comb with gigahertz-scale effective mode spacing, facilitating selective single-mode OIL. Intracavity and extracavity EDFAs in the Vernier cavity enable a side-mode suppression ratio exceeding 70 dB. Independent control of the Vernier-cavity free spectral range and the OFC repetition frequency provides flexible Vernier filtering conditions for selecting master modes for dual OIL. Two selected comb modes are transferred to injection-locked optical carriers and photomixed in a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode to generate continuous-wave THz signals. Frequency-tunable THz generation is demonstrated at 230, 267, and 320 GHz. At 267 GHz, a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 70 dB and a measured phase noise of -95.7 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset are obtained; the phase-noise measurement is limited by the local-oscillator system. The proposed architecture provides a fiber-based approach to frequency-tunable, low-phase-noise THz synthesis by combining an optical-reference-based OFC with flexible Vernier-assisted comb-mode selection.

In the general probabilistic model of information theory, the signaling dimension of a given communication protocol (or, equivalently, of its state space) is the smallest possible complexity of a classical communication protocol capable of perfectly simulating the given one in terms of input-output correlations. The signaling dimensions of three-, four-, and five-dimensional cross-polytopes have been known to be 3. We give logarithmic lower and upper bounds for the signaling dimensions of higher dimensional cross-polytopes, pinning down the value up to an additive gap of 2. The lower bound shows that the signaling dimension goes to infinity, in contrast to the case of balls and hypercubes.

In this work, we study bimerons (in-plane skyrmions) and their clusters composed of states with mixed topological indices. These clusters provide flexibility in controlling the skyrmion Hall angle, which depends on the cluster's total topological charge. First, using the simplest such cluster, a bimeron-antibimeron pair, we examine its stability with the geodesic nudged elastic band method and identify three mechanisms – bimeron separation, interchange, and annihilation – with comparable energy barriers that determine the pair's overall stability. This provides an upper bound for the stability of more sophisticated clusters of bimerons and antibimerons. Then, we numerically study the clusters' dynamics for currents applied in-plane and perpendicular to the plane, corresponding to the Zhang-Li and Slonczewski mechanisms. Finally, we analyze the dynamics of a wide variety of bimeron clusters within the Thiele approach and show that their velocities always lie on a specific ellipse whose parameters are fully governed by the model Hamiltonian.

We developed a highly sensitive and long-term stable diamond quantum magnetometer by integrating a dual-feedback system that compensates for common- and differential-mode frequency shifts in double-quantum (DQ) 4-Ramsey interferometry. Detecting extremely weak magnetic-field signals requires extensive signal accumulation to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. However, deviations from the optimal operating frequencies caused by thermal drift or environmental magnetic noise severely hinder the long-term stability of such a sensing system. To overcome the limitation, we first derived analytical solutions for the signal response to common- and differential-mode detunings based on a detuning-inclusive Hamiltonian to theoretically clarify the robustness limit in DQ 4-Ramsey sensing. Guided by this theoretical model, we introduced synchronized frequency modulation and a dual-feedback scheme to independently track and compensate for these frequency shifts while maintaining an optimal magnetic-field response. The proposed method enabled stable continuous operation against temperature variations of 2.8 K. By maintaining a magnetic field sensitivity of 7.0 pT/Hz^1/2 in the frequency range of 5-100 Hz for a prolonged duration of 4 hours, we achieved an extremely low noise floor of 64 fT/Hz^1/2. During prolonged continuous sensing, the system exhibited the expected 1/T^1/2 scaling with integration time T, and prevented both the underestimation of amplitude and waveform distortion. These results establish a robust approach for long-term DQ 4-Ramsey diamond magnetometry and demonstrate its potential for detecting weak biomagnetic signals.

The effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in monolayer graphene has been thoroughly studied in the past. Its impact is commonly disregarded since the electronic structure of graphene is almost unaffected. Consequently, SOC has also been ignored in other graphitic systems. In this work, we calculate the intrinsic SOC in stacks of graphene layers from a model that includes all the valence orbitals of carbon as well as the intra-atomic SOC.The leading spin-orbit term in a graphene multilayer combines a Rashba-like spin-flip process with interlayer hopping. We find that this intrinsic term modifies the phase diagram and Fermi surfaces of finite rhombohedral stacks, and it leads to a distinct density-dependence of the magnetization in weak magnetic fields. This Letter shows that, unlike in the single-layer case, SOC has important consequences in multilayer graphitic systems and it should not be neglected when studying their physical properties.

Inspired by a recent gauge field description of shallow water equations [SciPost Phys. 14 (2023) 102], in this work we build a simple Lagrangian formulation for the case of constant potential vorticity. An attractive feature of the construction is that it does not appeal to a Clebsch-like parametrization or the use of auxiliary fields. It is also emphasized that on the equator, where the Coriolis parameter vanishes, the shallow water equations exhibit extra SO(2,1) conformal invariance. Using the group-theoretic method, a new exact solution is found, which is associated with the scaling symmetry transformation entering the conformal group.

We demonstrate giant nonlinearity of the kinetic inductance $L_k$ in a superconducting NbN/Al hybrid strip. In contrast to ordinary superconductors, where the maximum observed current-induced variation of $L_k$ does not exceed tens of percent, we observe a 50-fold change in $L_k$. Physically, this effect is connected with the proximity-induced superconductivity in the Al layer and the specific choice of parameters for which the dependence of the superconducting current $I$ on the Cooper pair momentum $\hbar q$ exhibits a plateau at a current $I^*$ well below the depairing current. Formally, this leads to $L_k \sim dq/dI \to \infty$ as $I \to I^*$. We believe that our results open a new route for creating the next generation of highly sensitive detectors of electromagnetic radiation, calorimeters, parametric amplifiers, and magnetometers.

Maximum likelihood (ML) decoders perform quantum error correction by measuring a set of syndromes, classically computing an optimal recovery based on these syndromes and the noise model, and then performing that recovery. ML decoders are well understood for the toric code and generalize straightforwardly to other surface codes with Abelian anyons, where they can saturate information-theoretic decoding thresholds. On the other hand, codes with non-Abelian anyons have become increasingly relevant because they can support transversal or constant-depth non-Clifford gates and admit efficient preparation protocols in modern quantum devices. However, they present new challenges for decoding: non-Abelian anyons cannot in general be deterministically annihilated, and the logical operators cannot be classified by Abelian homology. In this work, we show that refined syndrome sets, including measurements that resolve non-Abelian anyon fusion outcomes, systematically improve the performance of ML decoders. We demonstrate this concretely by constructing explicit decoders for the $D_4$ quantum double model under charge noise, and obtaining numerical results for thresholds via mappings to classical statistical-mechanics models. We show that there is a nonzero noise threshold below which the entire logical qudit can be recovered with a single round of measurements.

We show that an intense low-frequency laser field can qualitatively modify the local extremal structure of an interband energy gap in a crystal. Using an instantaneous laser-dressed basis obtained from the nonperturbative diagonalization of the multiband crystal Hamiltonian, we derive a quartic normal form for the dressed gap near a high-symmetry point. At a critical field, the quadratic part of this normal form changes sign, and the gap experiences a bifurcation: a single symmetric minimum splits into two symmetry-related minima separated by a local maximum. We identify the microscopic origin of this bifurcation by decomposing the quadratic part into a homogeneous Stark contribution and a field-modified band-curvature contribution. The latter originates from the multiband redistribution of interband polarizations and provides the mechanism for the field-induced change of the gap extrema. A realization for the Kronig–Penney model demonstrates the same bifurcation at multiple high-symmetry points and for different interband gaps. As an illustration of its spectral consequences, we show that the bifurcation gives rise to an additional van Hove feature in the instantaneous interband susceptibility above the absorption edge. Our results establish a general mechanism by which strong-field dressing modifies the local geometry of the electronic spectrum.

We study environment-dependent annihilation of quasi-Dirac Higgsino dark matter coupled to an axion-like particle with a mass slightly below the Higgsino-pair threshold. Axion-mediated annihilation becomes more important relative to electroweak annihilation in the Sun and Galactic halo than during cosmological reannihilation following late nonthermal production. This separation arises from both the low-velocity enhancement of the subthreshold propagator and the change from a coannihilating Higgsino multiplet to the lightest neutral state. In solar capture-annihilation equilibrium, a dominant annihilation channel into massless dark photons suppresses the high-energy neutrino signal while leaving capture efficient. Higgsinos can consequently account for a few percent of the total dark matter abundance while satisfying solar-neutrino constraints and retaining an appreciable terrestrial inelastic-scattering rate, with implications for the LZ high-recoil candidate. In the Galactic halo, the enhanced cross section instead produces correlated continuum and line gamma-ray signals, with the lines potentially close to the present sensitivity for a cuspy Galactic dark-matter profile. We discuss supersymmetric realizations based on generalized mirage mediation and hidden strong dynamics, as well as an extended Higgs-sector alternative. The dark photons also contribute to dark radiation, providing a complementary cosmological probe.

Evidence for excesses observed at LHC tend to cluster mostly around 95 GeV and 650 GeV. We claim that a consequent interpretation of the 650 GeV and some additional indications calls for a Randall Sundrum sequence of Kaluza Klein graviton resonances. A common prejudice claims that such resonances should be very heavy, out of reach for LHC. We argue that this is no so. Although present LHC searches seem to exclude these particles below 2 TeV, we explain why this 650 GeV resonance could be one of them. We also explain why ongoing analyses ignore this scenario and apply selections which are only valid for scalar resonances. This could also apply to ongoing searches for Higgs pairs where the search for resonances decaying into SM Higgs pairs ignores the KK graviton scenario. We expect that with a correct treatment, one could very significantly increase the detection efficiency for ZZ and hh channels and achieve, with present data, a convincing proof of our expectations. Channels like h(95)h(125) and h(95)h(95) should be added to present selections. Such improvements should allow to reach a discovery. For the ZZ and WW channels, one can use semi-leptonic and purely hadronic final states, to confirm the tower of KK resonances indicated up to 3 TeV.

We investigate gravitational-wave echoes in a horizonless compact object model, a non-perturbative solution of the semi-classical Einstein equation that reproduces the entropy-area law from the bulk structure. By employing a model of anisotropic fluids in classical general relativity (GR), we show that odd-parity gravitational waves are not reflected at the object's surface but are trapped inside due to the exponentially strong redshift, and that the echo-delay time extremely exceeds the age of the Universe. Consequently, the echo signals are effectively unobservable, which is consistent with current null results from echo searches. We finally discuss how this quantum black hole and the conventional classical black hole could be distinguished observationally.

Graphene nanoscrolls form a unique radial superlattice whose geometry enables transport behaviors distinct from their flat counterparts. We theoretically demonstrate that rolling a graphene nanoribbon into a few-turn nanoscroll (1.0-1.2 turns) triggers a giant enhancement in longitudinal conductance by an order of magnitude (nearly twentyfold). We show that this effect stems from interlayer hopping between open boundaries, which not only transforms localized edge states into one-dimensional-like conducting channels and also induces a significant Fermi energy shift. Our results reveal an inverse scaling of conductance with turn number, establishing GNSs as a platform for geometry-driven quantum transport and offering a tunable approach to engineering nanoarchitectural electronic states.

Exceptional points (EPs) are conventionally identified through eigenvector coalescence, inaccessible in classical platforms lacking a Hamiltonian spectrum. We introduce classical observable coalescence as a diagnostic identifying EPs directly from physical configurations, and demonstrate it in a known non-Hermitian Ising chain with coupling $J$ and staggered imaginary field $\gamma$, chosen for verifiability against established quantum results. A mean-field reduction of the Heisenberg dynamics yields equilibrium branches organising into two symmetry-related families whose fusion at the boundary of the EP supersurface $|\gamma|=|J|$ exhibits the characteristic $\sqrt{J^2-\gamma^2}$ branch-point structure and two-sheeted Riemann topology. Crucially, the degeneracy at $\gamma=0,\eta =0 $ is shown to be a diabolic point, producing no observable coalescence, establishing the diagnostic as discriminating rather than merely suggestive. An exact Jordan-Wigner and Bogoliubov-de Gennes treatment confirms eigenvector coalescence at the same threshold, and a coupled gain-loss circuit realisation is proposed, establishing classical observables as experimentally accessible signatures of non-Hermitian criticality.

Monolithic high-contrast gratings (MHCGs) can exhibit scatter-free perfect reflection despite open higher-order substrate diffraction channels, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. Using a Fourier-harmonic description, we show that all open higher-order channels in the high-index substrate can be simultaneously extinguished through destructive interference between the radiation fields generated by the direct and indirect source contributions. By contrast, the zeroth-order transmission vanishes when the modulation-induced zeroth-order field interferes destructively with the background transmitted field of the incident wave. Together, these cancellations yield unit zeroth-order reflectance in lossless MHCGs. The near invariance of the internal field harmonics accounts for the remarkable stability of these conditions against changes in the substrate refractive index. We further show that the number of symmetry-compatible open channels determines the generic codimension of the perfect-reflection solution set. Depending on the number of independent design parameters relative to this codimension, the solutions form continuous curves, appear as isolated points, or are generically absent. Introducing an additional geometrical parameter restores isolated perfect-reflection solutions when an additional diffraction channel opens. The same cancellation mechanisms and channel counting apply to both TE and TM polarizations.

The rotation curves of the 175 disk galaxies in the SPARC database are confronted, one by one and under identical conditions, with the two mass models that have dominated the missing-mass debate for four decades: a cold dark-matter halo of Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) form, and Milgromian dynamics (MOND) with the acceleration constant held at $a_0=1.2\times10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$. Stellar mass-to-light ratios, distances and inclinations are treated as nuisance parameters with priors set by the 3.6 $\mu$m photometry and by the SPARC error budget, and every galaxy is sampled with a Markov-chain Monte Carlo. Three findings emerge. (i) Judged by the Bayesian information criterion, the free NFW halo is preferred in 96 galaxies and MOND in 79; once the halo is required to obey the $\Lambda$CDM concentration-mass relation the score becomes 86 to 89, i.e. a draw. The two theories fail in different places: MOND loses in massive, high-surface-brightness, bulge-dominated systems, NFW loses in slowly rising dwarf rotation curves. (ii) The NFW concentrations demanded by the data sit a median 0.24 dex below the $\Lambda$CDM expectation, and 53% of the sample lies more than $2\sigma$ below it, independent of halo mass; this is the core-cusp problem expressed as a scaling-relation offset rather than as a handful of anecdotes. (iii) The radial acceleration relation built from the full sample has $a_0=(1.13\pm0.02)\times10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$ and an observed scatter of 0.14 dex, yet the value of $a_0$ preferred by individual galaxies spans more than a decade and correlates with surface brightness. The two statements are not in contradiction: the population-level relation is tight because it averages over exactly the degeneracies with mass-to-light ratio and distance that make $a_0$ ill-determined galaxy by galaxy. The full table of fits is provided.

We present a simple model of a Bloch line in a thin-film ferromagnet with strong easy-axis and intermediate in-plane anisotropies. The meron is represented as a charged, massless particle that slides along the linear domain wall in a background magnetic field- a gyroscopic bead on a string. Its gyroscopic behavior dynamically isolates the wall segments on either side of the meron, motivating the model for a Bloch line as two strings joined at a moving boundary. The meron clamps the wall at this junction, completely reflecting low-amplitude spin waves that propagate along it. Out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields and spin-transfer torques then act in two ways: by exerting a force on the Bloch line itself, or by driving the wall as a whole. Predictions of this model are in agreement with numerical simulations.

Stochasticity shapes evolutionary dynamics in finite populations beyond the reach of infinite-population theories. Using a stochastic birth–death framework on random regular networks, we establish evolutionary stability criteria for finite structured populations playing three-strategy games and identify critical degree thresholds governing invasion dynamics. Our framework goes beyond two-strategy evolutionary games to reveal that the initial composition of multi-type mutants, together with population structure and stochasticity, shapes the evolutionary fate of the resident population.

In this work, we propose a new natural dark matter candidate: Kaluza-Klein towers of vectors from $d\geq 2$ extra-dimensional models. Their naturalness follows from two key features: (i) they arise unavoidably from the Kaluza-Klein decomposition of the higher-dimensional metric, and (ii) if the Standard Model is localised on a brane, they do not couple directly to it and interact only gravitationally through the other components of the higher-dimensional metric. Remarkably, the rich particle content comes with as few as a single extra parameter. We first explain the general idea for $d\geq 2$, then focus on the $d=2$ case as our benchmark scenario. We derive the field content and interactions among the model particle content, and show how the geometry of the extra dimension unitarises the relevant processes for cosmology. We then compute the multi-component relic abundances of the vectors from freeze-in and discuss the available parameter space.

Radiation-induced composition redistribution at grain boundaries (GBs) in Ni-based structural alloys poses a critical challenge for the long-term deployment of advanced nuclear reactors. The mechanisms governing solute-specific segregation remain poorly understood because defect-mediated transport, thermodynamic driving forces, and competing microstructural sinks can all contribute under irradiation. We perform systematic Ni2+ ion irradiations on dilute Ni-Fe, Ni-Cr, and Ni-Mn binary alloys at 500, 800, and 1000 K to 2 dpa and characterize GB chemistry using STEM-EDS. The segregation behavior is interpreted using rate-theory phase-field modeling informed by atomistic transport data. We find that Fe depletes at GBs across all temperatures via preferential vacancy-solute exchange (inverse Kirkendall effect). Cr segregation reflects a temperature-dependent competition between self-interstitial atom (SIA)-mediated transport toward GBs and vacancy-mediated transport away from GBs, yielding near-zero net segregation at 500 K and depletion at higher temperatures. In contrast, Mn exhibits distinct behavior dominated by thermodynamic segregation that drives local enrichment at the GB. We leverage depth-dependent characterization along the same GB, spanning irradiated and unirradiated regions, to separate radiation-induced and thermodynamic contributions and validate the unirradiated region as an internal thermodynamic reference. Void formation at 800 K and irradiation-induced GB migration at 800 and 1000 K further add mechanistic complexity by suppressing and redistributing the solute. Our combined experimental and computational assessments show that interpreting GB chemistry evolution under irradiation requires concurrent treatment of non-equilibrium kinetic transport, thermodynamic driving forces, bulk sink effects, and GB migration.

We prove rapid mixing of a quantum Gibbs sampler for general one-dimensional non-commuting local spin systems at every fixed positive temperature. In particular, for a system of $n$ sites, we show that the Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) detailed-balanced Gibbs sampler of~\cite{CKG2023} converges from any initial state to trace-norm error $\epsilon$ in time $O(\log^4(n)+\log(1/\epsilon))$. This improves the previous $O(n+\log(1/\epsilon))$ bound and establishes rapid mixing beyond high-temperature and weak-interaction regimes. Our proof explains why the slowest decay rate, captured by the spectral gap, can substantially underestimate the speed of equilibration. The key insight is that a state far from equilibrium must have a substantial component outside the span of low-weight Pauli operators, where stronger dissipation estimates apply. This yields two stages of relaxation: a double-exponential convergence from a bad initial state, followed by exponential convergence near equilibrium. We turn this mechanism into a framework for proving rapid mixing through spectral analysis beyond the gap. Our decay estimate is equivalent to exponential convergence in sandwiched Rényi-2 divergence. Together with the spectral gap, it also implies a modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality with rate $\Omega(\log^{-4}(n))$.

Recovering complete phase sets from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is challenging when weak-phase peaks overlap stronger signals. A natural strategy is to identify phases iteratively, removing the contribution of each identified phase from the observed pattern before predicting the next. However, even after a phase is correctly identified, misestimating its contribution can distort the residual and cause subsequent errors. We introduce PhaseMatcher, an autoregressive framework for complete phase-set identification with physics-guided spectral decomposition. After each phase prediction, PhaseMatcher re-estimates the contributions of all selected phases and the residual from the original observation and all selected reference patterns, accounting for physically plausible variation between reference patterns and the corresponding phase contributions in the observation. The resulting residual guides subsequent phase identification, while a separate stopping module determines when the phase set is complete. On synthetic mixtures and controlled mixtures constructed from measured single-phase patterns, PhaseMatcher improves complete-set identification over the evaluated baselines. On PhaseMix-135K, it also estimates contributions and residuals more accurately than scalar subtraction.

Predicting metal-organic framework (MOF) structures from given building blocks requires recovering their positions and orientations in a periodic crystal. The spatial effects of rotation errors are geometry-dependent and anisotropic. The same angular error can produce different atomic displacements depending on block size, shape, and rotation axis. Angular error alone, without reference to the specific block geometry, therefore cannot fully describe the spatial consequences of a pose error. We introduce AnchorPose, a meso-grained pose generation framework that incorporates this geometric dependence into its generative representation. It represents each block through a small set of representative atoms, combines their local geometry with the current spatial state, and generates their coordinates with Bayesian Flow Networks. Known atom correspondences enable rigid alignment to recover complete building-block poses and return geometrically consistent points to the generation process. This design connects point-level spatial prediction with block-level structural constraints. Geometry participates in the pose state and its prediction, while rigid reconstruction preserves intra-block structure without treating all atomic coordinates as assembly variables. On the MOF benchmark, AnchorPose improves single-candidate match rates over the compared block-level and all-atom baselines.

Biological membranes are highly deformable structures that undergo shape transformations during numerous cellular processes. These transformations are often driven by active agents, including molecular motors, cytoskeletal machinery, and motile microorganisms, which consume energy and maintain biological systems far from equilibrium. Here, we investigate how a single active particle confined within a lipid vesicle drives membrane deformation. Using a lipid-resolved coarse-grained model, we examine how the activity and shape of an encapsulated self-propelled particle influence vesicle dynamics and morphology. Active particles generate persistent propulsion that exerts mechanical stresses on the enclosing membrane, thereby driving its deformation. Using particles of different shapes but identical surface area, we systematically investigate membrane morphologies as functions of activity and bending rigidity. We quantify membrane deformation through asphericity and excess bending energy relative to the equilibrium spherical state. Both measures exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on activity, peaking at intermediate activity. At sufficiently high activity, membrane rupture occurs before significant large-scale deformation can develop, limiting further remodeling. We further demonstrate that membrane surface tension plays a significant role in regulating activity-induced deformation dynamics.

We investigate global consistency conditions for five-dimensional warped braneworlds in Palatini and metric-affine gravity. Starting from the generalized Gibbons-Kallosh-Linde framework, we derive integrated sum rules for cosmological warped geometries and examine how independent connection degrees of freedom modify the standard Einstein-gravity obstruction to smooth compact braneworlds. The analysis separates geometric, matter, and non-Riemannian contributions and clarifies the conditions under which the usual no-go result can be modified. We show that the generalized consistency relations provide necessary global constraints on admissible configurations and identify the terms responsible for possible departures from the Riemannian case. The results establish a systematic framework for testing the global consistency of smooth five-dimensional braneworlds in gravitational theories with independent affine structure.