Papers

Long-term multi-turn tracking is required to study nonlinear phenomena in circular accelerators, such as resonances, chaotic motion, and the dynamic aperture. General-purpose neural networks do not preserve the symplectic structure of Hamiltonian dynamics, so their errors can grow over many turns. Symplectic neural networks (SympNets) guarantee symplecticity through their architecture rather than through a loss penalty. In this work, we use a SympNet to learn the normal-form transformation of a nonlinear map from tracking data. In the learned coordinates, the dynamics become a rotation of each mode, whose amplitude-dependent phase advance is given by a second network. We demonstrate the method on a four-dimensional McMillan-type map. The model reproduces the one-turn dynamics, the learned phase advances stay constant along each trajectory to within $\sim 10^{-5}$~rad, and orbits become close to circles in the learned coordinates at small and moderate amplitude. At large amplitude the learned orbits spread noticeably, and the cause of this degradation is not yet established. The approach is a step toward fast, structure-preserving surrogate models for lattice analysis and online beam-dynamics applications in storage rings.

Experimental materials-science labs routinely accumulate synthesis and characterization data across spreadsheets, instrument export files, and ad-hoc folders, with no durable link between a sample's recipe, its measured properties, and whether a similar composition has been reported elsewhere. We present Stage 1 of an open-source data infrastructure closing this loop for a single working alloy-synthesis lab: a relational schema for composition and synthesis records, a strict composition/mass calculator, three empirical alloy-design screening metrics (VEC, atomic-size mismatch, mixing enthalpy) plus a melt/boil-point synthesis-feasibility check, an automated cross-referencing layer against three public materials databases (Materials Project, OQMD, Alexandria) with deduplication and adjustable relevance filtering, and a desktop GUI unifying the workflow behind a single "new entry" action. Built and used by a practicing researcher rather than a software team, we report it as a systems/methodology contribution - the architecture, the concrete engineering failures encountered while building it, and how each was diagnosed and fixed - rather than new materials-science results. We argue the specific defects found - a parser ambiguity that produced silent wrong answers, a partial code edit that broke a dependency chain invisibly, a database-metadata bug traceable to an un-cast numeric type, and a credential-hygiene gap that .gitignore alone did not close - generalize to any small scientific-software project built by a domain expert without formal software-engineering training. Both the system and the lessons from building it are reported here; two follow-on papers cover the validated characterization pipelines (Stage 2) and the retrieval-augmented synthesis advisor and CALPHAD thermodynamics module (Stage 3) built on this foundation.

We formulate and solve a $G$-equivariant analogue of the Seiberg-Witten equations on any irreducible Hermitian symmetric space $G/K$. We use a canonical $K$-invariant form to define a twisted Hodge operator generalising self-duality to higher dimensions. The resulting equivariant Seiberg-Witten equations arise, for a compact $G/K$, as conditions for the absolute minima of an energy functional. Their linear part has a representation theoretic interpretation: the same Weyl group data control the highest-weight realisation of the positive Dirac kernel in the compact case and its discrete-series realisation on the non-compact dual. This space of harmonic spinors collapses almost entirely by the quadratic conditions of the monopole equation. In the compact case, the equivariant moduli set, when non-empty, is a single gauge class, identifying with the $G$-invariant part of Bradlow's trichotomy for vortices, while in the non-compact case, every irreducible solution sits outside the discrete series.

We calculate quasi-bound states of neutral gauge-singlet scalars and charged scalar doublets and triplets around the asymptotically flat, nonminimal Einstein–Yang–Mills black hole. For neutral monopoles, the principal result is a reversal in the lifetime response to the nonminimal coupling: weakly bound clouds decay more slowly than on the corresponding Reissner–Nordström geometry, whereas increasing the field mass changes suppression into enhancement of absorption. The weak-binding behavior approaches a horizon-area law, but that law alone does not determine the finite-mass ordering. At representative couplings, dipole and quadrupole widths instead decrease substantially while their level energies change very little. Two-sided integration and an independent arbitrary-precision continued fraction check both the real frequencies and the much smaller imaginary parts. We recover the Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström limits, test hydrogenic binding and the low-frequency absorption scaling, and distinguish the loss of a potential well from the disappearance of a quasi-bound pole. An exact horizon-domain analysis fixes the black-hole parameter range, and a positive-potential argument excludes exponentially growing modes of the canonical test scalars. The magnetic Wu–Yang connection separates the charged multiplets into quantized monopole sectors, without an electric frequency shift. Their lowest channels exhibit twelve located lifetime crossings within the sampled trapping region and noninteger weak-binding decay powers. At fixed total angular momentum within the triplet, charged states can instead decay hundreds of times faster than neutral states. These comparisons show that neither gauge charge nor nonminimal coupling universally prolongs cloud survival.

Accurate skull-to-array registration is essential for transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) because CT-derived skull models must be aligned with the physical-array coordinate system to support patient-specific aberration correction. Current workflows typically use MRI and/or external tracking to establish this spatial relationship, adding imaging infrastructure and coordinate transformations to the treatment workflow. Here, we describe an MRI-free CT-to-ultrasound registration framework using a hybrid hemispherical CMUT tFUS array that combines a sparse therapeutic array with an integrated CMUT US-Cross imaging array. The therapeutic array provides pulse-echo measurements of skull location, while the US-Cross array provides local high-resolution images of the skull surface. The approach was evaluated using a CT-derived outer cortical skull surface across a 25-pose matrix with 10-mm lateral offsets between the skull and array centers and +/-5 degree angular perturbations. Five randomized radial-noise seeds were applied to therapeutic pulse-echo measurements to model measurement or element-placement errors, yielding 125 pose-seed realizations per noise and active-element setting. US-Cross imaging features were generated using Field II and delay-multiply-and-sum plane-wave compounding. Four registration modes were evaluated: Therapeutic only, US-imaging only, Sequential, and Fused registration. Fused registration yielded the best overall performance, with a median total displacement error of 0.271 mm [0.169-0.420] and a median rotation error of 0.904 degrees [0.432-1.639]. These results support an all-ultrasound-based approach using a hybrid CMUT tFUS array for MRI-free CT-US skull registration.

Reconstructive spectrometers (RSs) shift spectral analysis from hardware-heavy dispersion to encoding-decoding schemes. In the speckle-based RSs, spectra are encoded into disordered intensity patterns and then recovered algorithmically. However, characterizing such spectral-encoding transmission matrices (TMs) typically demands empirically complex calibrations, which rely on expensive tunable light sources to generate known wavelengths. In this work, we demonstrate a fully calibration-free RS that leverages conical phase modulation from an axicon. The target spectra are encoded into a Bessel-form intensity profile, enabling computational construction of a deterministic TM and thus completely removing the need for optical calibration. With this computer-generated TM, broadband spectral reconstruction is experimentally achieved across a 650 nm range (1050-1700 nm)–nearly three times the bandwidth of existing calibration-simplified RSs–while a spectral resolution of 2.9 nm remains comparable to that of these counterparts. Compared with an RS requiring optical calibration for equivalent performance, our solution achieves an approximate 36-fold cost reduction.Unlike most speckle RSs, the axicon RS requires no fixed input polarizer, further enhancing energy efficiency and simplicity through polarization-insensitive operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported experimentally calibration-free RS, featuring superior simplicity, practicality, and cost-effectiveness for practical applications.

We investigate equatorial timelike motion of a massive test particle and the associated gravitational radiation around a Kerr black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. In the presence of a dark matter fluid, the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit decreases, while the specific angular momentum is modified and the specific energy increases as the dark matter (DM) parameter, $\alpha$, increases. We compute periodic timelike orbits using the rational frequency ratio $q$, with the $(z,w,v)$ classification, which is modified by the presence of DM while preserving the topological class. We analyze the gravitational waveforms corresponding to these periodic orbits and find that dark matter modifies the timing and distribution of the oscillatory features of the orbits. For a representative extreme-mass-ratio system, the corresponding characteristic strain is concentrated mainly in the millihertz (mHz) frequency band relevant to LISA. These results establish a direct connection between the dark-matter-induced modifications of strong-field orbital dynamics and the corresponding gravitational-wave signatures.

As electron sources are reduced in size, fabricated in new materials, or pushed for performance, the analytical formulations for thermo-field electron emission, namely Fowler-Nordheim and Murphy-Good equations and their JWKB-based extensions, are increasingly applied out of the range of conditions for which they were derived. We present GETELEC-3, an open-source code that replaces them with a direct numerical solution of the one-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation (1D-TISE). Several methods to solve the 1D-TISE have been implemented to test for speed, robustness, and solution's uncertainty. The Noumerov algorithm is found to be quickest, with the solution uncertainty below 1%, and together with an optimised kernel that advances all electron energies in parallel, the cost of calculating the current density is reduced to a few milliseconds - comparable to the JWKB evaluation. To further boost the calculation speed, especially in complicated barriers, a neural network has been trained on the residual of the logarithm of the semiclassical reference and it reproduces the current density better than 0.4% at a fraction of the computational cost. The code is developed for metals and semiconductors, accepts arbitrary potentials and density of states, and comes with a user-friendly interface and compiled executable to democratise rigorous electron emission calculations and data analysis.

This paper investigates the dielectric breakdown behavior of Litz wire insulation subjected to repetitive fast-edge bipolar square-wave voltages representative of wide-bandgap (WBG) power converter stress. Two conductor sizes, 14 AWG and 16 AWG, were tested in a twisted-pair configuration over frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 30 kHz using a controlled high-voltage pulse generator with 200 ns rise time. The breakdown voltages obtained at each frequency were statistically analyzed using the weighted two-parameter Weibull method in accordance with IEEE Std 930-2004. Between 1 and 30 kHz, the mean breakdown voltage decreases by approximately 10.7% for the 14 AWG construction and 20.0% for the 16 AWG construction. The 14 AWG specimens exhibit a modest increase between 1 and 5 kHz followed by a decline, whereas the 16 AWG mean decreases across the tested frequencies. The Weibull shape parameter varies nonmonotonically with frequency, characterizing differences in the dispersion of the measured breakdown voltages. These findings provide construction-specific breakdown data relevant to Litz-wire insulation assessment in high-frequency power electronic applications. Possible contributions from charge accumulation, localized discharge activity, and dielectric heating are discussed, but were not directly verified in this study.

Unitary synthesis underlies universal quantum computation by translating unitary transformations into circuits of elementary gates. We show that for any budget $m\geq 0$ of ancilla, every $n$-qubit unitary can be exactly implemented using a quantum circuit consisting of $O(4^n)$ CNOT and single-qubit gates in $O(n+4^n/(n+m))$ layers attaining the asymptotically optimal depth–ancilla tradeoff while simultaneously achieving optimal circuit size. The key idea is to encode computational basis states as wavefunctions sharing a Gaussian envelope, converting unitary action on amplitudes into coordinate transformations that admit shallow circuit implementations. The continuous encoding is then discretized, with approximation errors removed by exact residual correction. The depth-ancilla tradeoff follows by recursively applying the quantum Shannon decomposition, synthesizing its smaller unitary factors, and reusing ancillary qubits.

The identification of plastic inorganic semiconductors becomes challenging when their mechanical responses depend on crystallographic orientation, sample size, and loading conditions. Using layered GeSe as a model system, we examine its deformation behavior through macroscopic compression, bending, conventional micropillar compression, and eccentric micropillar compression. Under macroscopic compression perpendicular to the layers, GeSe sustains approximately 23% strain without fracture, whereas bending along the c-axis armchair direction produces brittle cleavage fracture. Conventional micropillar compression results in brittle fragmentation, while eccentric loading introduces a shear component that activates pronounced interlayer sliding and accommodates deformation. These contrasting responses reflect the coupled effects of bonding topology, interlayer van der Waals interactions, defect density, stress constraints, and strain path on the competition between sliding and fracture. The results highlight the limitations of identifying plasticity from a single direction, scale, or test and support a systematic evaluation framework combining multiple directions, length scales, loading modes, and characterization techniques. More rigorous and unified criteria are needed to guide reliable materials selection for flexible electronics and devices integrated on curved surfaces.

Design-dependent wall velocities are difficult to treat in density-based fluid topology optimization. This difficulty arises because the fluid-solid interface is represented implicitly and evolves with the design. This paper proposes a diffuse-interface formulation for topology optimization of steady incompressible Navier-Stokes flows with design-dependent wall actuation. A continuous topological description field parameterized by compactly supported radial basis functions (CS-RBFs) provides the local interface orientation, and its regularized projection defines the pseudo-density for Brinkman flow analysis. The wall velocity is imposed on a fixed mesh through an equivalent volumetric momentum source, which is localized by a diffuse-interface measure constructed from the pseudo-density and the gradient of the description field. Assuming a locally planar interface and uniformly distributed Wendland radial basis functions, the source coefficient is determined analytically by balancing the equivalent momentum input with the Brinkman resistance at the interface center. These assumptions also yield a characteristic transition-width estimate in terms of the projection steepness and support radius. Continuous adjoint analysis is performed to derive the design sensitivities. Two- and three-dimensional examples formulated using the analogy equation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology optimization method for flow-rate maximization. Body-fitted re-simulations verify the flow fields and transport performance of the optimized designs. The formulation is further extended to electroosmotic transport under the thin electric double layer (EDL) assumption using the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski relation.

Atomistic foundation models screen hypothetical crystals by thresholding predicted energies, an output that states neither how likely a candidate is to be stable nor whether more computation would change the decision. CrystalJev reads one forward pass of a frozen potential on the unrelaxed structure and returns calibrated probabilities, conformal guarantees and a rule for escalating candidates to relaxation or density-functional theory (DFT). Across 65 Matbench Discovery models, threshold calls hide cost assumptions, and ordering slower computation by its value for the decision, rather than by probability, recovers most of its benefit at a tenth of its cost. In a registered prospective test with 2,100 DFT calculations on ionic substitutions, forecasts calibrated on existing data over-stated the stable fraction of new candidates by 0.9–2.2 percentage points, because the population had shifted, not the labelling protocol; a few hundred labels from the new pool removed this bias more reliably than label-free corrections.

A finite reversible model can approximate individual quantum gates while retaining freedom in its transition tables and preparation contexts. We formulate the simultaneous certification problem in which one stationary controller and one preparation law must reproduce an entire collection of circuit probabilities. For a specified frame catalogue, accuracy graph and calibration constraints, we give an exact shared-table feasibility formulation and distinguish certificates for a fixed table from certificates for the complete model class. A four-frame qubit example exhibits a strict separation between fitting two circuits individually and fitting them jointly. A larger exact benchmark uses 464 frames and a phase symmetry that removes preparation-prior dependence. We independently reconstruct its admissible graph and certify a sharp repeated-circuit horizon: one controller stays within probability error 1/3 through 192 blocks, whereas every allowed controller violates that threshold by block 193. A separate controller reproduces all 8,190 nonempty Hadamard-phase words of length at most twelve within the same tolerance. We also derive a finite-window spectral obstruction and finite-shot confidence tests, illustrated by a reproducible sampling experiment. The conclusions concern the stated finite reversible model classes; they do not establish a universal memory bound or a discrepancy for physical quantum hardware.

Higher-dimension operators in the gravity sector of the Standard-Model Extension generate anisotropic interactions that grow rapidly at short range. Building on earlier striped-balance studies, we develop a finite-volume response and covariance-based optimization for the \(d=6\) and \(d=8\) pure-gravity sectors. We compare three, five, and seven stripes at \(d=8\) and left, centered, and right pattern registrations in both sectors, using horizontal and vertical stripe axes. Volume integration gives azimuth-dependent transfer matrices, while a Gaussian likelihood accounts for coefficient correlations and the unequal uncertainties of constant and sidereal amplitudes. Three stripes give the strongest aggregate \(d=8\) response. Reoptimizing two azimuths for each registration increases the noise-weighted \(D\)-optimal score by up to \(7.3\%\) at \(d=6\) and \(35.6\%\) at \(d=8\). The response matrices permit simultaneous fits of all 14 or 22 real coefficient components. The best marginalized \(1\sigma\) sensitivities reach \(10^{-9}\,\mathrm{m}^{2}\) and \(10^{-15}\,\mathrm{m}^{4}\), about two orders of magnitude beyond earlier inverse-square-law limits for the most favorable components. These results identify centerline registration as an additional route to improved short-range tests of Lorentz symmetry.

We investigate the relative $P$-wave excitations of the $D^{(*)}\bar D^{(*)}$ systems using the QCD sum rule method. By introducing a covariant derivative between two ground-state charmed meson fields, we construct color-singlet interpolating currents to describe the relative orbital excitation between the two meson clusters. The $P$-wave $D\bar D$, $D\bar D^*/D^*\bar D$, and $D^*\bar D^*$ configurations with $J^{P}=1^{-}$ are systematically studied. Their masses are predicted to be around $3.8$, $3.9$, and $4.0$-$4.1$GeV, respectively. These values are close to the corresponding thresholds and are compatible with the structures around $X(3790)$ and $G(3900)$, supporting their possible interpretations as $P$-wave $D\bar D$ and $D\bar D^*/D^*\bar D$ configurations, respectively. In addition, we find that the $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ and $1^{--}$ combinations in the $D\bar D^*/D^*\bar D$ sector possess identical correlation functions in the present QCD sum rule framework, leading to degenerate mass predictions for these two channels. These results indicate that relative $P$-wave excitations of heavy meson pairs may constitute another interesting class of near-threshold hadronic configurations worthy of further experimental investigation.

The Guided Local Hamiltonian Problem (GLHP) is the problem of ground state energy estimation and preparation given a guiding state having good overlap with the true ground state. The problem is known to be BQP-complete for small error but is classically tractable for larger error. In this work, we identify an orthogonal regime in which the problem is classically tractable, namely when the true ground state $\psi$ has polynomially bounded $\ell_1$-norm. In particular, we show that the Truncated Power Method (TPM), a classical algorithm introduced by Kirby et al. in the quantum context, has a runtime that is polynomially comparable to quantum algorithms for GLHP in all relevant parameters, except for an extra factor of $\|\psi\|_1^2$. In other words, if $\|\psi\|_1^2$ is polynomially bounded, then TPM dequantizes quantum algorithms for GLHP.

This paper presents the workflow for building an automated ArcGIS Pro tool using ArcPy to extract the Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Landsat 7, 8 and 9 datasets. The tool eliminates the need for manual band selection and repetitive raster computations by automating the multi-step workflow of radiometric calibration, NDVI-based emissivity correction, and thermal conversion. In addition to supporting batch and single-scene processing, the tool has an optional Large Language Model (LLM) for statistical result interpretation and reporting. Depending on batch size, the tool reduced the processing time from around 11-58 minutes when done manually to around 4-11 minutes using the tool. We tested the tool with data from Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) in the UAE, and the LST obtained for Ras Al Khaimah ranged from approximately 25C to 50C, demonstrating an accurate LST mapping compatible with the weather conditions of RAK. In summary, our tool reduces human errors and improves processing accuracy and efficiency for thermal and environmental remote sensing applications, in addition to providing an interactive LLM-based interface for result interpretation.

We theoretically investigate the microscopic mechanism of melting in finite two-dimensional ion crystals confined in anisotropic traps. Building on our previous studies of melting probability as a function of temperature and anisotropy, we extend the analysis to crystal sizes ranging from $N=4$ to $N=101$ ions and examine how structural isomerization modifies the melting pathways. Using molecular dynamics simulations together with Metropolis-Hastings equilibrium sampling, we analyze radial fluctuations, angular disorder, Lindemann parameters, and isomer-dependent energy landscapes in these Coulomb crystals. We find that crystals with identical particle number and trap anisotropy can exhibit substantially different melting behavior depending on the metastable structural isomer they occupy. Contrary to a simple soft-mode instability picture, the observed melting process is characterized by a gradual thermally-driven accumulation of radial and angular disorder. Structural isomerization reshapes the fluctuation channels through which delocalization develops, leading to nonuniform melting probabilities across temperature and anisotropy space. These results provide a unified microscopic picture of melting in finite ion crystals and clarify the role of structural rearrangements in finite-size phase transitions.

A Hilbert space is usually described using an orthonormal basis, but a more general description can be defined using a tight frame. In the case of continuous-variable Gaussian states, the coherence is usually described using the Hermite-Gauss basis. We present an alternative description using the tight frame of all canonical coherent states. The description of Gaussian states in terms of coherent states is simpler than in terms of Hermite-Gauss basis, and this allows us to obtain an explicit formula describing the frame-dependent coherence of a mixed Gaussian state as a function of the determinant and the trace of covariance matrix. For each mixed Gaussian state, we construct a sequence of discrete-variable quantum states rapidly convergent to it (as concern the purity and coherence) when the dimension of Hilbert space becomes large enough (15 or more). In the discrete case, the coherence is measured with respect to the tight frame of all discrete coherent states.

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) provides a direct link between quantum geometry and nonlinear light-matter interactions, yet conventional far-field measurements cannot disentangle BPVE from contact- and interface-induced photothermoelectric signals. Here we develop cryogenic, polarization-sensitive terahertz microscopy with deep-subwavelength resolution and apply it to dual-gated AB bilayer graphene. Near resonance between the band gap and terahertz photon energy, we observe enhanced optical conductivity and spatially resolved BPVE. Polarization-dependent measurements reveal a characteristic twofold angular symmetry and a distinct shift-vector direction, both governed by crystalline symmetries and quantum geometry. The evolution of BPVE with carrier density and temperature provides a sensitive probe of the fine electronic structure of bilayer graphene, revealing signatures of trigonal warping and electron-hole asymmetry. Agreement with theory demonstrates that the terahertz nanoscopy of BPVE established here offers an optical lens into the interplay between band and quantum geometry in quantum materials.

This paper analyzes the quantized asymmetric transport along the boundary of a two-dimensional topological insulator occupying a half plane, or along the interface separating two insulators. In contrast with problems posed on the Euclidean plane, terminating a sample requires a choice of self-adjointrealization, $H_L$, and we show that a quantized transport depends on that choice. The physical observable modeling the asymmetric transport is the edge, or interface, current $\sigma_I[H_L]=\Tr\,i[H_L,P]\varphi'(H_L)$. It is shown to be well defined along two routes. For Shapiro–Lopatinski elliptic realizations, we use estimates from Boutet de Monvel's calculus to show that the current observable is a well-defined trace, that $\mathcal I=2\pi\sigma_I[H_L]$ is a Fredholm index, and that it is stable under deformations and compactly supported changes of the operator and of its termination. For translation invariant operators along the edge, a spectral analysis defines $\mathcal I$ when the edge spectrum escapes a bulk gap at large momenta. $\mathcal I$ is then also a spectral flow and a Maslov index. Our main theorem is a bulk–edge correspondence \[ \mathcal I=\cR-\cR_L+\eta\bigl(L_\infty,\Lm^\Phi(+)\bigr)-\eta\bigl(L_\infty,\Lm^\Phi(-)\bigr), \] We determine the range of $\mathcal I$. We extend the formula to interfaces with arbitrary transmission conditions. At the transparent condition, the invariant equals the bulk-difference invariant of the Euclidean plane. Eight examples illustrate the theoretical findings.

Repeated impacts of a droplet on a vertically forced bath can produce a growing Faraday-wave response under forcing conditions for which the corresponding initially undisturbed bath remains linearly stable. We investigate this mechanism using axisymmetric two-phase direct numerical simulations over a wide range of Reynolds and Weber numbers. The resulting phenomenological regime map identifies quasi-periodic, decaying, faint, and unstable-bath responses. Along the parameter path considered here, the transition to the unstable-bath regime occurs over a narrow range of Weber numbers and varies only weakly with Reynolds number. In the unstable regime, the bath develops a coherent subharmonic response at half the forcing frequency, while disturbances in the decaying regime remain broadband and weaken between successive rebounds. Bath-only simulations show that a finite-amplitude perturbation representative of droplet impact can seed the confined radial mode susceptible to parametric forcing, initiating a growing subharmonic response below the linear instability threshold of the initially flat bath. A reduced capillary-dominated model provides a scaling estimate for the impact-equivalent perturbation amplitude, and bath-only simulations initialized with these perturbations reproduce the bounded-to-growing transition observed in the coupled simulations. Floquet analysis of the finite cylindrical bath identifies the first axisymmetric Neumann mode as having the lowest subharmonic instability threshold. A time-resolved Bessel decomposition independently shows that the growing bath response is dominated by the same radial mode, while the droplet-induced subharmonic response projects predominantly onto this structure. These results identify a finite-amplitude route by which localized droplet impacts can access Faraday-wave dynamics below the linear onset threshold of an initially undisturbed bath.

We present a likelihood analysis of observables in deeply virtual exclusive $\pi^o$ electro-production off the proton. We use experimental data for the cross section as well as the beam and target spin asymmetries measured in various longitudinal polarization configurations at Jefferson Lab Hall A and Hall B. Performing a local extraction, for each kinematic bin, we derive a joint likelihood for the various helicity amplitudes defining the different polarization configurations. We subsequently extract the Compton form factors that parameterize the underlying QCD scattering amplitudes in the chiral-odd sector. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are employed to explore the full parameter space, extracting the parameter uncertainties, correlations and credible intervals. The joint likelihood analysis of the cross-section and asymmetry data constrains the parameter space indicating that a larger kinematic coverage and additional polarization configurations, e.g. in the transverse sector, will improve the precision of the parameters. We also report a determination of the proton tensor charge and tensor anomalous magnetic moment extracted in a Bayesian statistical framework using deeply virtual exclusive scattering data.

A many-body wavefunction exponential in R, where the square of R is the sum of the squares of the interparticle distances, is shown to be the solution of Schrodingers equation for a potential proportional to the reciprocal of R, for N particles. A set of translationally invariant rotational eigenstates of angular momentum is found.

Charging a quantum battery through a pumped charger can lock a substantial part of its stored energy inside the bipartite correlations that grow between the constituent cells, and this correlation ergotropy, being the energy that no local single-cell operation can reach and that only collective operations can recover, is the object of the present study. Following the charging trajectory of two coupled three-level cells, we find that the correlation ergotropy closely tracks the logarithmic negativity, which shows that the locked energy is carried by genuine bipartite entanglement rather than by coherent collective dynamics alone, and that an equal-strength coherent non-entangling drive produces no such locking at all. For a pure two-cell battery we establish an exact, basis-independent closed form in which the locked energy depends only on the sorted eigenvalues of the reduced cell and the cell energy levels, revealing that the locked fraction rises from zero at the separable corners of the Schmidt simplex to unity at the symmetric maximally entangled state and remains invariant under local unitaries. Decoherence and dephasing, which destroy the correlations, do not release this energy but erase it, so extraction must be collective and must take place while the correlations persist, while cold damping leaves the effect intact and thermal occupation suppresses it. These results give a resource-theoretic reading of correlations in quantum batteries, sharpen the line between genuine entanglement and coherent collective dynamics, and point to experimentally accessible conditions for correlated-charge and collective-extraction protocols.

The study of quantum memories out of thermal equilibrium is motivated both by the need for memories that withstand realistic noise in fault-tolerant quantum computers and by the fundamental question of when quantum memory can emerge in autonomous many-body systems. We establish a general equivalence between CSS-based quantum memories subject to Pauli noise and classical memories via two associated probabilistic processes. In the asynchronous setting, where the quantum dynamics is generated by a Lindbladian, we identify a broad class of syndrome-based Lindbladians for which the quantum memory problem is equivalent to memory in continuous-time classical Markov dynamics. In the synchronous setting, we introduce syndrome-based probabilistic cellular automata (SPCAs) and establish a one-to-one correspondence between their classical memories and CSS-based quantum memories under local quantum channels. This framework provides a systematic route for deriving and constructing quantum memories from classical probabilistic processes, and recovers known results, including the fact that the 4D toric code is a quantum memory in the presence of thermal noise. As an application, we give the first rigorous proof that the 4D toric code with Toom's rule is a quantum memory in the presence of local Pauli noise, provided the error is below a constant threshold. We prove this both for the corresponding synchronous, PCA-type quantum dynamics and for a Floquet Lindbladian. More generally, we show that classical memory in an SPCA can be lifted to a quantum memory under Floquet Lindbladian dynamics; whether this can be done with a time-independent Lindbladian remains open. Our results provide a general framework for relating classical and quantum memory, shed light on the conditions for fully autonomous quantum memories, and may guide the construction of provable autonomous quantum memories in low dimensions.

We establish optimal quantum-classical separations in communication complexity for search problems. We introduce a total search problem called Pelagic Fourier Fishing and show that it admits an $n$-qubit quantum one-way protocol, whereas every randomized two-way protocol requires $\Omega(2^n)$ bits of communication. We then introduce a variant of this problem whose solutions can be verified in polynomial time. This variant also admits an $n$-qubit quantum one-way protocol, while every randomized one-way protocol requires $\Omega(2^n)$ bits of communication. We also construct a family of efficiently verifiable total search problems achieving an $n$ versus $\Omega_d(n^d)$ separation between quantum one-way and randomized one-way communication for every fixed $d \ge 2$. In the quantum protocol, Alice prepares her message using a single unitary from the $d$th level of the Clifford hierarchy, and Bob performs a Clifford measurement. This separation is asymptotically optimal under this restriction on Alice's message. For $d = 2$, Alice's message is a stabilizer state and Bob's measurement is Clifford, so the protocol uses no magic, yet achieves an optimal quadratic quantum advantage. Finally, we discuss how these separations can be adapted to near-term quantum advantage experiments in which the demonstrated advantage is both unconditional and efficiently verifiable.

Sompolinsky and Zippelius obtained Parisi's solution of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model from the relaxational dynamics of soft spins in continuous time, by assuming a hierarchy of widely separated time scales. Here we carry out the same programme for a discrete-time dynamics in which all Ising spins are updated at once. This dynamics, synchronous Monte Carlo (SyncMC), introduces Gaussian auxiliary fields so that the spins become conditionally independent, and it samples the Boltzmann distribution exactly for any system with symmetric pairwise couplings. We show that, for any such system, the correlation and response functions of SyncMC obey an exact fluctuation-dissipation relation in discrete time in equilibrium. The dynamical mean-field equations of SyncMC for the SK model contain two terms absent in continuous-time dynamics, a self-coupling of each spin and a noise correlated through the couplings; both affect only the fast relaxation. As a result, under the same assumptions as in the Sompolinsky-Zippelius construction (widely separated time scales, and on each slow scale the same relation with a reduced ratio x, as expected in relaxation from random initial conditions), the long-time structure of SyncMC reproduces the Parisi equations, including the Parisi partial differential equation and the equation for the distribution of local fields. Equilibrium simulations with replica exchange for up to N=2048 spins exclude the replica-symmetric distribution of the actual local fields and are consistent with the Parisi solution. The function x(q) estimated from the overlap distribution, and from the response in relaxation from random configurations for up to N=4096 spins, is also consistent with Parisi's.

Non-reciprocal transport underpins key functionalities in signal processing and logic; however, conventional semiconductor diodes exhibit reduced performance at sub-Kelvin temperatures. As cryogenic electronics continue to scale, there is increasing demand for diode operation compatible with low-temperature and low-dissipation conditions. This need has driven the development of alternatives to p-n junctions that rely on non-reciprocal electron transport mechanisms efficient in the deep-cryogenic regime. Superconducting devices constitute a natural low-loss platform, yet most existing superconducting diodes are restricted to either Cooper-pair or quasiparticle transport, often requiring complex material stacks, asymmetric geometries, or external magnetic fields. No single, geometrically symmetric junction has yet integrated rectification across both transport channels to achieve vanishing resistance under forward bias and strongly suppressed conduction under reverse bias. Here, we demonstrate a dynamically reconfigurable dual-function superconducting diode based on a conventional Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junction. Via microwave biharmonic driving, we exploit multi-tone photon-assisted tunneling to independently control dissipationless and dissipative transport channels within the same device. Varying the microwave drive amplitude induces a transition from a supercurrent diode to an ideal quasiparticle diode, achieving rectification efficiencies exceeding those of conventional Schottky diodes and contemporary superconducting diodes. We further demonstrate AC signal rectification under both current-bias and voltage-bias configurations. Finally, we implement a proof-of-concept "absolute diode" that combines zero forward resistance with strongly suppressed reverse conduction. This tunable approach provides a versatile building block for low-power cryogenic electronic architectures.