Papers

Knill-Laflamme coefficients characterize exact quantum error detection through scalar compressions of error operators to the code space. For prescribed Pauli observables and a fixed code dimension, attainable coefficient vectors form a joint higher-rank numerical range, whose Euclidean norm image is the signature spectrum. We study how operator representation, code dimension, and detection constraints govern this geometry. Our main theorem identifies representation multiplicity as sufficient to lift active expectation data to exact scalar compressions: a lift exists whenever each occupied block has multiplicity at least the code dimension times the rank of the corresponding active state. When multiplicity suffices to realize all active states, the coefficient range is the full active expectation body and is therefore convex and connected, with a closed interval as its signature spectrum. This framework unifies commuting Pauli families, where sufficient common-eigenspace degeneracy yields polytopes, and subsystem stabilizer codes, where protected logical subsystems supply multiplicity spaces for noncommuting gauge observables. Explicit examples show how increasing the code dimension can make a range shrink, collapse, or become empty, while increasing multiplicity can turn a Bloch sphere into a filled ball. In the subsystem setting, parent-Hamiltonian constructions realize exact detecting codes as degenerate ground spaces, selecting distinguished vectors and continuous paths within these ranges. A final three-qubit example shows additional noncommuting detection constraints reduce a tetrahedral range to its barycenter and four vertices, producing a disconnected signature spectrum. The results provide a structural framework for Knill-Laflamme coefficient geometry and motivate sharper criteria for connected coefficient ranges and interval signature spectra under structured error models.

We investigate how dark matter (DM) admixture modifies the conformal properties and phase structure of dense neutron-star matter within a self-consistent single-fluid framework, with the global DM fraction $F_\chi=N_\chi/N_B$ fixing the local relation $n_\chi=F_\chi n_B$. We derive an exact decomposition of the total trace anomaly, $\Delta_{\rm tot}$, into microscopic contributions. For collider-motivated Higgs-portal benchmarks, explicit Higgs, vector-mediator, and contact-interaction contributions are negligible, while heavy nonrelativistic DM has an intrinsic trace anomaly close to the nonrelativistic limit, $\Delta_\chi\simeq1/3$. Consequently, the DM rest-mass energy fraction dominates the DM-induced modification of $\Delta_{\rm tot}$, producing a smooth upward shift of up to $\sim0.1$ for $F_\chi\sim0.2\%$. In the pressureless, comoving heavy-WIMP regime, we further identify a universal dark-sector scaling governed by the mass-loading parameter $\lambda=F_\chi m_\chi/m_N$: numerical calculations with different $(F_\chi,m_\chi)$ pairs at fixed $\lambda$ exhibit overlapping trace-anomaly, sound-speed, and mass–radius responses for a given baryonic equation of state. In hybrid stars, DM leaves the coexistence pressure and chemical potential essentially unchanged, whereas first-order hadron–quark deconfinement produces sharp discontinuities in the squared sound speed $c_s^2$, $\Delta_{\rm tot}$, and $\Delta_{\rm tot}-\Delta_B$. The combined softening substantially reduces the maximum stellar mass, placing $F_\chi\sim0.2\%$ in tension with the observed $2\,M_\odot$ neutron stars. These results show that the trace anomaly and its density evolution provide a sensitive diagnostic for distinguishing smooth DM-induced modifications of dense matter from genuine first-order deconfinement.

Pyrite-type mineral hauerite MnS$_2$ is a magnetic insulator with localized $S=\frac52$ moments. Below 48 K, it develops a collinear antiferromagnetic order, accompanied by unit-cell doubling and breaking the inversion symmetry. We demonstrate that the latter gives rise to a ferroelectric polarization of up to 360 $\mu$C/m$^2$ rendering MnS$_2$ a type-II multiferroic. Microscopically, the electronic polarization originates from S$_2$ dimers that acquire a dipole moment induced by the frustrated magnetic ordering of neighboring Mn sites. We show that time-reversal symmetry leaves ferroelectric domains intact, and that domain switching necessitates overcoming a high energy barrier set by the magnetic exchange energy scale.

We develop a gauge-invariant effective field theory for scalar glueball interactions based on the Yang-Mills gluon condensate. Starting from a coherent-state formulation of the Yang-Mills vacuum, we derive an effective Lagrangian for the scalar glueball and its interactions with gluons. The resulting crossing-symmetric amputated four-gluon Green's function is projected onto the color-singlet $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ channel, yielding a normalized scalar glueball form factor that factorizes into universal kinematic structures and an intrinsic glueball function. The formalism predicts a parameter-free effective interaction radius for the ground-state scalar glueball with resonance $f_0(1710)$, $r_{\rm int}=\sqrt{6}/m_\phi=0.28$ fm, which is in excellent agreement with recent lattice Yang-Mills determinations of the mass-radius ($r=0.263(31)$ fm). The predicted momentum dependence of the normalized form factor is consistent with lattice Yang-Mills gravitational form factor data, with the $f_0(1710)$ candidate providing the best overall fit and $r_{\rm int}$. Inclusion of the first excited $0^{++}$ glueball produces modest corrections to the interaction radius ($r_{\rm int}^*=0.240$ fm) while yielding stable and kinematically robust modifications of the form factor. This framework provides a systematic bridge between effective field theory and first-principles lattice Yang-Mills calculations of scalar glueball dynamics.

Many quantum systems are believed to thermalize slowly at low temperatures due to the existence of metastable phases. However, there are cases where further cooling can restore polynomial-time thermalization: we demonstrate that the Davies dynamics of the mean-field interchange model with local dimension $d\geq 3$ and single-site generalized Pauli couplings exhibits this behavior. The dynamical phase diagram is beholden to two distinguished inverse temperatures, $\beta_{\mathrm{min}}(d)$ and $\beta=d$, with the static first-order phase transition lying between them. At low and high temperatures surrounding the interval $(\beta_{\mathrm{min}}(d),d)$, the spectral gap of the Davies generator is bounded below by an inverse polynomial in system size $n$. Meanwhile, in this interval, the gap vanishes exponentially in $n$, indicating metastability. The proof uses Schur-Weyl duality to decompose the Davies generator into a classical Markov generator on Young diagrams, and the restriction to the remaining symmetry sectors whose gap is $\Omega(n^{-1})$. Thus, exponential slowdown arises entirely from the Young diagram chain.

Relativistic jets from AGN are expected to propagate through an inhomogeneous ISM, but the role of small-scale gas inhomogeneities in shaping their early evolution remains uncertain. We investigate this problem using 3D special-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations with PLUTO, following a jet with a Lorentz factor of 10 propagating through a pc-scale medium. We compare a homogeneous ambient medium with two clumpy ambient-medium models, motivated by dense gas in the nuclear ISM, in which clouds occupy volume filling factors of $0.1$ and $1$ per cent. We compute synthetic synchrotron maps and spectra from Lagrangian macro-particles that have been accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. Jet-cloud interactions deflect the flow, enhance shock formation, and produce a more asymmetric cocoon than in the homogeneous ISM case. Altogether, this results in a substantially stronger mass loading: the entrained mass increases from $0.43$ M$_{\odot}$ in the homogeneous run to $5.3$ and $8.8$ M$_{\odot}$ in the clumpy runs. The clumpy ISM also modifies the turbulence and the material mixing within the jet cocoon. The dynamical differences we find translate into brighter and more irregular synchrotron emission. For the same injected jet, the models with a clumpy medium produce stronger frequency-integrated synchrotron emission than the homogeneous run, with the largest differences in the SED occurring from the sub-mm to the infrared/optical bands. Our results demonstrate that including a small-scale ISM structure provides a more complete description of the early dynamical evolution of young AGN jets and their radiative properties.

We address the problem of testing whether an unknown $n$-qudit state $\rho$ is $a$-close to a product state or $b$-far away from any product state, as measured in terms of state overlap. We provide a time-efficient algorithm to solve this problem that requires an $n$-independent number of copies of the unknown state. Our random coloring argument shows that for any unknown state there always exists a partition of $[n]$ into $q$ parts such that the square of the overlap with the closest product state with respect to this partition is only an additive factor $O(1/q)$ larger. This reduces the problem to tolerant testing of $q$ parties, with potentially growing local dimensions. Combining this insight with blockwise spectral projection arguments we can show that the natural $k$-copy generalization of Harrow & Montanaro's product state test provides an efficient tolerant tester. We use the same random coloring and blockwise spectral projection techniques to obtain a substantially improved algorithm for closest product state learning. In particular we give an algorithm that takes in $\widetilde{O}\big((nd)^2\big)\, 2^{\widetilde{O}(1/\varepsilon^8)}$ copies of the unknown state and produces an $\varepsilon$-approximately optimal product state. The key technical components of this learner are a qudit variant of the Bakshi et al. high-fidelity product state learning algorithm and a sampling technique based on Werner's optimal cloning channel.

Whether spin noise of a neutron star is stationary is, in two-component models, a question of whether stellar angular momentum is conserved internally or exchanged externally through independent stochastic torques on the crust and superfluid. The question is posed in the two components' angular velocities, but radio pulsar timing observes only the crust, through its rotational phase after a deterministic timing model is fitted. We develop a Gaussian process method for testing spin noise stationarity directly with such phase data. Starting from the exact analytical phase means and covariances of a singular, nonstationary and a minimal, stationary two-component model, we show that the crust phase covariances are semiseparable and construct a likelihood that scales linearly with the number of observations, with the timing model marginalized analytically. We analyze simulated phase data from both models using full-state and crust-only observations, and after differentiation into local spin frequencies. Integration, timing model removal and differentiation neither create nor destroy the distinction between stationary and nonstationary spin noise, but determine how much survives in a finite, noisy data set. With both components observed, the models are distinguished decisively and the generating parameters are recovered. With the crust alone, both models describe the observed phase equally well over much of parameter space, and the Bayes factors are of order unity and prior-limited. The minimal model nonetheless ties the hidden superfluid phase to the observed crust phase through a single factor set by the superfluid inertia fraction, so an independent estimate of this fraction, as from glitches, turns it into a falsifiable prediction that a continuous gravitational wave observation of the interior could test.

We study the low-energy interaction of negative kaons with deuterons using chiral $\bar{K}N$ interaction models (OR and BCN) as input. The three-body $K^-d$ amplitude is constructed within the Fixed-Center Approximation to the Faddeev equations, where the unitary constraints missing in the conventional approach are formally implemented with the incorporation of coherent multiple-scattering processes. The unitary procedure is extended to coupled channels including charge-exchange processes, as well as isospin-breaking effects through the use of physical particle masses. This provides a consistent description of the low-energy $K^-d$ amplitude and allows for the determination of the scattering length and the effective range. The resulting framework is then used to assess the compatibility of the BCN $\bar{K}N$ interaction model with the recent SIDDHARTA-2 measurements of kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium through a bootstrap analysis. The procedure leads to a readjustment of the BCN parameterization which produces visible effects in several isospin-sensitive $\bar{K}N$ scattering observables, hence highlighting the additional information provided by the new kaonic-atom measurements to better constrain the poorly known isovector component of the ${\bar K}N$ interaction.

In this paper, we extend the paradigm of the Geometrical Trinity of Gravity to the Carrollian geometry to construct a comprehensive framework of dynamically equivalent theories for Magnetic Carrollian gravity. Utilizing the inherent ambiguities and freedoms of affine connections on degenerate metrics, we systematically relax the metric-compatibility and zero-torsion constraints of the rigid magnetic sector. By imposing global flatness on these modified connections, we prove that the curvature of a Magnetic Carrollian universe can be dynamically traded for isolated kinetic energy densities of torsion and non-metricity. Unlike the Lorentzian Trinity which maps gravity to alternative gravitational frameworks, the Carrollian equivalences can also map spacetime geometry to non-gravitational theories. Specifically, we demonstrate that intrinsic torsion recovers Electric Carrollian gravity as the Teleparallel equivalent of Magnetic Carroll gravity; purely spatial torsion reproduces kinetic terms stracturally similar to the magnetic Hamiltonian of scalar-charge Fracton gauge theory; and temporal torsion sectors map independently to $U(1)$ Maxwell electric fields and Carroll-Weyl conformal dilaton theories. Finally, by formulating a Symmetric Teleparallel Carroll connection with minimal non-metricity, we show that the Magnetic Carrollian Lagrangian is dynamically equivalent to an ultralocal, isotropic Electric Carrollian gravity upon exploiting the present freedoms in connection. These results establish a geometric dictionary translating Carrollian gravitational dynamics into the language of tensor gauge theories, electromagnetism, and dilaton theory.

We present an optimal method for studying new physics effects in high-mass dilepton production at the LHC. This method relies on a reweighting procedure that is precise to the next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. The only computationally expensive input required is a standard model $\mathrm{pp\rightarrow V^{(*)}\rightarrow\ell^+\ell^-}$ sample, with $\mathrm{V=Z,\gamma^*}$, generated at the same level of precision and with sufficient statistical coverage of the phase space at high invariant masses. The proposed method is suitable for any $\mathrm{q\overline{q}\ell^+\ell^-}$ contact-interaction scenario, regardless of the assumed underlying structure and couplings. It is also ideal for searching for medium-to-large-width new neutral resonances produced in the s-channel, as changes to the input values for mass, coupling, or width can be easily implemented using the same initial generated samples.

Numerical relativity is a term used to describe the solution of the full non-linear Einstein Equations as an initial value problem using numerical methods. Individual simulations are computationally expensive and in many applications the high complexity of the parameter space and non-linear sensitivity of the solutions makes locating particular outcomes of interest challenging. In this work, we demonstrate how auto-differentiation can efficiently find dynamical solutions of interest, using the classic problem of scalar critical collapse as a proof of principle. We locate a line of critical solutions in a 2D parameter space using 35 runs, compared to the 270 runs required to locate 10 critical points using bisection, and directly calculate the unstable mode, confirming its universality along the line. The method is straightforwardly extendable to higher-dimensional parameter spaces, offering a promising method to efficiently target more complex solutions in strong dynamical gravity regimes.

In this paper, we present an algorithm for constructing all Calabi-Yau orbifolds and their mirror pairs associated with an arbitrary Berglund-Hubsch-type model, and prove its correctness. In particular, the proposed method yields explicit generators for the groups defining the corresponding orbifolds. The method for classifying maximal admissible groups is proposed. We illustrate the application of the classification approach to an arbitrary Fermat-type Calabi-Yau manifold. In addition, as an illustrative example, we classify all maximal admissible groups of Fermat-type Calabi-Yau threefolds.

Compact ground-state preparation circuits are essential for early fault-tolerant quantum chemistry. We introduce Variational Imaginary-time Majorana Evolution (VIME), a classical pre-training algorithm that extends operator-projected variational quantum imaginary-time evolution (OVQITE) to molecular electronic structure using a single compiled Majorana-propagation (MP) surrogate graph. We pair VIME with a compressed tiled Unitary Product State (c-tUPS) ansatz that we develop to reduce both classical simulation and quantum state-preparation costs. In the strongly correlated ruthenium complex TLD-1411, active-space calculations requiring up to 52 qubits achieve chemical precision against DMRG reference energies, with energy errors approximately $400\times$ smaller than those from ADAPT-VQE-based variational Majorana-propagation (ADAPT-VMPE). Across the strongly multireference acene series up to heptacene (60 qubits), VIME matches or improves on the MP-reported energy accuracy of the ADAPT-VMPE comparison points with up to $26\times$ fewer CNOTs and $167\times$ lower two-qubit depth. These results establish imaginary-time classical pre-training of compressed variational ansätze as a promising route to resource-efficient molecular ground-state preparation.

Mass-loss in red supergiants (RSGs) is poorly understood and stellar evolution models rely on empirical prescriptions. In recent years, new superwind mass-loss ideas, including an $L/M$ dependence have been proposed, unlike traditional RSG wind recipes which are formulated on a $L$ dependence alone. We investigate how contrasting RSG mass-loss prescriptions affect the late-time evolution of massive stars from their RSG phase onwards. We used MESA to create a series of stellar evolution models with masses ranging from $10\,{\rm M}_\odot - 40\,{\rm M}_\odot$, using the RSG \cite{VS23} $L/M$ recipe and traditional mass-loss prescriptions. Independent of the treatment of the stellar envelope, we find for a 25$\,{\rm M}_\odot$ star that the $L/M$ recipe reaches an order of magnitude higher mass-loss rate than traditional recipes due to its inverse mass dependence. As the RSG luminosity is set by the core mass and becomes largely insensitive to the current stellar mass, this creates a positive feedback loop driving runaway envelope stripping. Consequently, stars with an initial mass $M_{\rm init} \sim \,20\,{\rm M}_\odot$ are able to strip their hydrogen envelope and form classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. We draw this conclusion not solely on the basis of their HRD location, but also on their predicted emission-line spectrum that we compute with the PoWR stellar atmosphere code. Stars with $M_{\rm init}<20\,{\rm M}_\odot$ do not fully strip, meaning they expand after core helium burning. In Appendix A we present a generic analytical model showing that the tendency for runaway stripping increases rapidly with the strength of the inverse mass-loss scaling with mass. Our models demonstrate a viable single-star pathway into the yellow supergiant and WR regimes. The amounts of full and partial stripping have a direct effect on supernova (SN) progenitors, including partially stripped type IIb SNe.

We prove a generalization of Grauert's higher coherence theorem for a class of curved differential graded (non-commutative) Fréchet algebras. This allows us to extend the Fourier-Mukai calculus to derived categories arising in many new contexts. We then apply it and prove equivalence of derived categories of dual generalized complex tori using a non-commutative version of the Poincaré line bundle. This lays the foundation for categories of generalized complex branes on generalized complex tori. Examples include complex tori, symplectic tori as well as their non-commutative and B-field deformations.

Universal channel coding enables communication without a complete description of the channel. For classical channels, universal codes can attain both capacity and the optimal high-rate reliability. We show that this compatibility fails for classical-quantum channels in general; that is, the optimal reliability in the channel-aware scenario is not always achievable with universal coding due to the ignorance of the unitary rotation of the output system. We exhibit a family of classical-quantum channels for which one cannot achieve the channel-aware optimal reliability by a fixed coding scheme. We further derive a converse bound on the reliability for unitary-invariant decoders, a natural assumption for the universal coding scheme, that can be strictly smaller than the optimal channel-aware error exponent. Conversely, we construct a channel-independent encoder-decoder pair and establish a universally achievable bound on the reliability that matches this converse bound in the high-rate regime, thereby characterizing the optimal universal reliability. Specifically, the channel-aware and universal exponents are governed by the Petz and sandwiched Rényi divergences, respectively. These divergences coincide for commuting outputs but differ for noncommuting ones, explaining why universality preserves optimal reliability classically but can reduce it quantumly. Our results showcase the fundamental reliability cost of performing the classical-quantum channel coding task universally.

Given oracle access to an unknown unitary $U=e^{iH}$ , the fractional query problem asks how many queries are required to implement a noninteger power $U^t=e^{itH}$, $0<t<1$, when the spectrum is separated from the branch cut by a gap $\delta$. Quantum singular value transformation gives an upper bound of $O\!\left(\frac{1}{\delta}\log\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)$ queries for approximation error $\varepsilon$. We prove a matching lower bound for arbitrary query algorithms. Our argument reduces any $N$-query circuit to the approximation of $e^{it\theta}$ by a trigonometric polynomial with degree bounded by $O(N)$, together with Remez inequality. This allows us to establish the lower bound of $\Omega_\tau\!\left(\frac{1}{\delta}\log\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)$. Consequently, the optimal query complexity for fractional query problem is $\Theta_{\tau}\!\left(\frac{1}{\delta}\log\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)$, showing that the known QSVT construction is asymptotically optimal. We also give an alternative lower bound proof based on constructing a linear functional that annihilates the approximant space, yielding a $\Omega_{\tau}\!\left(\log\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)$ bound uniform to $\delta$.

We propose a novel approach to state preparation by embracing the full power of open quantum systems. Instead of working with the whole unitary group in $n$ qubits, we identify a small Lie group $G$ in $(n+3)$ qubits. The dimension of its Lie algebra is $\text{poly}(n)$. Every state can be approximated starting from any fixed input state by repeatedly using partial trace and state preparation in the environment alongside group operations. Moreover, we also identify a single (open system magic) interaction Hamiltonian whose unitary group can be combined with open system quantum technology mentioned above to achieve transitivity on the space of all densities. Similarly, we show that all channels on $n$ qubits can be approximated by using a larger environment, achieving channel universality. The interesting small groups we identify are derived from Lie algebras of local Pauli strings and lead to a new landscape of cheap and expensive states, densities, and channels.

Accurate stellar parameters underpin much of astrophysics, from exoplanetary systems to Galactic archaeology. For isolated field stars, masses and especially ages are usually inferred from stellar evolution models, yet these inferences depend on the chosen model grid, and the systematic differences between grids can rival the statistical uncertainties of any single pipeline. We present LACHESIS, a Python package that determines stellar masses, radii, and ages from photometry and spectroscopy while explicitly accounting for the systematic uncertainty from the choice of model grid. We interpolate five independent isochrone grids in [Fe/H], log age, and equivalent evolutionary phase conditioned on the data, sample each with nested sampling, and combine the per-grid posteriors by Bayesian model averaging, weighting each grid by its Bayesian evidence. We validate LACHESIS against a benchmark of Kepler asteroseismic dwarfs and subgiants. Masses are recovered with a robust scatter of ~4% and radii to ~2%, with negligible radius bias (<1%) and a small ~3% mass systematic. Age is recovered with a robust scatter of 30% that depends strongly on evolutionary state; the grid-to-grid systematic contributes a ~9% floor, a subdominant but real term that a single-grid fit omits. Model averaging is better calibrated than selecting a single grid: its credible intervals approach nominal coverage once the reference uncertainty is included, and cover near the nominal rate in injection tests even when the generating model lies outside the ensemble. By marginalizing over an ensemble of stellar model grids, LACHESIS folds the choice-of-grid systematic directly into the posterior, so the reported uncertainties no longer reflect only within-grid data noise. This delivers homogeneous, well-characterized masses, radii, and ages for exoplanet hosts and stellar population studies.

Ultrasound computed tomography is emerging as a promising diagnostic imaging tool. 2D geometries suffer from notorious out-of-plane scattering artifacts. Image reconstruction can be achieved with frequency-domain full waveform inversion and it can be further accelerated by randomly phase-encoding the elementary sources. In this manuscript, we extend our previous results for the 2D geometry of a ring-array to the 3D cylindrical geometry of multiple rings. In particular, we consider the cases of an elementary source described by a single array element (quasi-omni-directional transmission), a line source and a focused transmission respectively. With differences in image quality, we prove that a fully randomized frequency-domain inversion in 3D is capable to reconstruct portions of a human breast surrounded by the cylindrical geometry and detect mm-size masses of varying contrast in dense breast, in reasonable computing times, thus opening the concrete possibility to the design of 3D imaging devices with high sensitivity levels. The methods are applicable to multiple tomographic geometries in 3D and, in principle, can be integrated into next generation medical ultrasound scanners.

We present an analysis of pulsar spin noise based on physically-motivated two-component models of spin wandering. We focus on two models, distinguished by their total angular momentum dynamics: a singular, nonstationary model with a diffusive total angular momentum, and a minimal, stationary model anchored on a conserved total angular momentum. We develop scalable Gaussian process methods and, using mock data, show that the two models are fully testable and distinguishable with full-state observations, i.e., simultaneous independent data on the crust and the superfluid rotational states. This paves a path to testing stationarity in pulsar spin noise, potentially achievable with joint continuous gravitational wave observations and radio timing of pulsars. However, robust inferences and predictions are harder to achieve, and depend on the priors and data quality, when only one component is observationally accessible.

Thermal axion production in the early Universe is controlled by the QCD topological-charge-density spectral function evaluated on the light-cone as a function of momentum k. We show how weighted integrals of this quantity can be computed using Euclidean lattice QCD without any analytic continuation, similar to what Harvey Meyer and collaborators have recently done for the photon production rate. We then test the approach in pure-glue QCD at T=1.5 Tc, finding that it is feasible to extract at least one and possibly two finite weighted k-integrals of the k-dependent production rate. This opens the possibility for extractions in full QCD at temperatures around and somewhat above the crossover temperature, where other methods are not reliable.

Networking matter-based quantum processing units (QPUs) offers a promising route to scaling fault-tolerant quantum computers. This requires distributed logical operations to be performed across photonic links, where noise is characteristically different from and stronger than in local QPUs owing to photon loss and probabilistic linear-optical operations. Measurement- and fusion-based quantum computing are designed to be robust against loss and probabilistic photonic operations, suggesting they could complement circuit-based error correction at the interface between networked QPUs. We use ZX calculus transformations to construct hybrid syndrome extraction protocols and apply them to distributed rotated surface code lattice surgery, demonstrating that several protocols attain a $50\%$ interface-erasure threshold when local noise is absent, including circuit-based lattice surgery using fused Bell pairs and hybrid protocols using linear cluster states. Relative to a straight Bell-pair interface geometry, the hybrid protocols increase the merge-observable interface distance from $d+1$ to $2d+1$ and restore the perpendicular-observable interface distance from $\lfloor(d+1)/2\rfloor$ to $d$. We calculate how the threshold decreases when using truncated resource states and map correctable regions under resource-state errors, local circuit noise, and fusion erasure. We then convert these erasure thresholds into photon-loss thresholds and probe subthreshold performance using fusion boosting. At circuit and resource-state error rates of $10^{-3}$, local errors largely mask the interface-distance advantage. As local noise is reduced to $10^{-4}$ and below, the linear-chain protocols improve more rapidly with decreasing erasure, suggesting that interface distance enhancements are effective in low local noise regimes.

Pneumatic conveying at moderate gas velocities can result in strongly heterogeneous particle transport, with slow particles accumulating near the bottom of the pipe while faster particles are transported above. Here, we investigate helical pipes as a passive means of homogenizing particle transport without increasing the gas velocity. CFD-DEM simulations show that the helical pipe induces swirling motion of the gas and particles, continuously redistributing particles across the pipe cross-section. This transforms the heterogeneous transport observed in a straight pipe into a more homogeneous state with a narrower particle-velocity distribution. The results demonstrate that helical pipes can maintain efficient pneumatic conveying at moderate gas velocities while reducing excessive particle velocities.

Motivated by applications to low-dimensional worldsheet string constructions, we analyze $\mathcal{N} = 1$ super Liouville theory on the torus. Specifically, we re-examine the recursive representations of the torus one-point super Virasoro blocks that have been constructed in the literature and correct several of their ingredients. In the process we identify a new block in the odd spin structure, associated with a privileged superdescendant whose torus one-point function transforms like that of a Virasoro primary. We then demonstrate that the structure constants for both spacelike and timelike super Liouville theory satisfy modular crossing. Furthermore, we use a bootstrap argument to construct modular crossing kernels for all four spin structure sectors, valid for central charges $c \in \mathbb{C}\setminus(-\infty,\tfrac{3}{2}]$, and verify that they correctly implement the crossing transformations of the blocks. As a concrete application of the technology, we analyze the super Virasoro minimal string. There are four such theories, $\mathrm{0A}^{\pm}$ and $\mathrm{0B}^{\pm}$, which are distinguished by the GSO projection together with the choice of worldsheet supercharge. The resulting NS-sector sphere three-point and torus one-point amplitudes are shown to agree with topological recursion on the spectral curves of the dual matrix integrals, which were recently derived from 3d supergravity. Notably, the one-point function of the privileged superdescendant plays an essential role in the contribution of the odd spin structure to the torus amplitude via a careful treatment of the picture changing operator. We also identify an exceptional zero-momentum Ramond insertion in the $\mathrm{0A}^{-}$ theory that we interpret geometrically as a Ramond puncture, and match its mixed sphere three-point amplitude to the corresponding intersection theory prediction.

Decoded quantum interferometry (DQI) is a polynomial-time quantum algorithm introduced by Jordan et al. (Nature 2025). For a natural optimization problem, known as optimal polynomial intersection (OPI), it achieves approximation guarantees in regimes where all known classical algorithms require exponential time. Besides time, space is another central resource: storing and manipulating a massive input can be very challenging, especially when logical qubits carry substantial fault-tolerant implementation overhead. This motivates the following question: does DQI yield quantum advantages in memory, and can we prove it unconditionally? We give an affirmative answer to this question in the streaming setting. In particular, we consider a natural generalization of OPI using Hermite interpolation and Hasse derivatives, which asks for a low-degree polynomial satisfying as many constraints on its values and derivatives as possible. As a concrete example, we show [Quantum efficiency.] An adaptation of the DQI algorithm produces a polynomial satisfying $93\%$ of the constraints; moreover, it only reads the input stream in one pass, uses polylogarithmic space, and has polylogarithmic computation time per stream entry. [Classical hardness.] Any classical algorithm that produces an answer satisfying just $76\%$ of the constraints requires polynomial space, even if it can read the input stream with polynomially many passes and can use unlimited time. Our result provides a complete tradeoff curve for the tunable parameters, and implies that DQI has provable quantum advantages for the original OPI problem.

We study classical and quantum superintegrability of a resonant three-dimensional Hamiltonian with indefinite kinetic energy and three Poisson descriptions of the same flow. Besides three commuting quadratic Hamiltonians, the polynomial first-integral ring contains two primitive degree-four generators, $I_4^{\rm o}$ and $I_4^{\rm e}$, of odd and even momentum parity. A single octic relation leaves the polynomial invariant ring with transcendence degree four. Solving the complete first-integral equation shows that every rational first integral is a rational function of $H_1,H_2,H_3,I_4^{\rm o}$, so that the rational invariant field likewise has generic functional rank four. A branch-free transcendental invariant raises the generic smooth functional rank to five on the invariant open set $\Delta>0$. The system is therefore minimally superintegrable in the polynomial and rational classes and maximally superintegrable on this invariant domain when transcendental integrals are admitted. Weyl quantisation yields exact higher-order differential symmetries in all three Poisson realisations. The branch-free fifth classical invariant also admits a densely defined nonlocal quantum counterpart, providing a concrete quantum realisation of the transcendental completion.

Most known inorganic crystals exhibit symmetric atomic arrangements, yet generative models often fail to reproduce them. Explicitly enforcing these symmetries has so far yielded fewer stable and novel structures than unconstrained generation. We introduce Generative Equivariant Orbit Diffusion Engine (GEODE), to our knowledge the first model to combine coordinate and lattice diffusion in Cartesian space. GEODE first samples symmetry templates, then jointly generates the lattice, atomic coordinates and atom types while preserving the specified symmetry with a novel Wyckoff-constrained loss. Cartesian diffusion gives coordinate noise a consistent physical scale that we empirically demonstrate improves performance. Unconditional generation achieves a metastable, unique and novel (mSUN) rate of 11.9%, compared with 7.7% for the next best symmetry-aware model. We also introduce sampling time template filtering, which increases mSUN by ~6% without retraining, making GEODE competitive with leading symmetry-agnostic models. Template selection also enables joint symmetry and property guidance, which we demonstrate through classifier-free guidance of permittivity.

The antenna-elements that make up a radio interferometer form a spatial filter that samples components of the Fourier transform of a target radio astronomical source brightness. Along the signal path, there are multiplicative and additive perturbation effects that alter the signal and that should be corrected. The process of mitigating these perturbation effects is called calibration. In this work, we develop a new and fast Maximum Likelihood based estimator of these perturbation effects using the Exponential Map and Lie groups. To evaluate its performance, we compare it to the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound and, to test the estimation time, we compare it with the Expectation Maximization algorithm, another fast Maximum Likelihood estimator. Finally, we apply our estimator to a real observation of the protoplanetary disk AS 209 made with the Submillimeter Array. We found that our proposed estimator meets the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound and it was approximately 40 times faster than the Expectation Maximization algorithm.