Quantum Physics
PureSuperQMA(exp) = BellPureSymQMA(poly) = QMA via Dimension-Free Bosonic Argmax
William Gay, Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Lenny Liu et al. (+3 more)
Pure-state consistency problems naturally lead to
quantum proof systems in which a single pure witness must satisfy many acceptance constraints. The corresponding class $\mathsf{PureSuperQMA}$ was previously known to lie between $\mathsf{QMA}$ and $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$, and Kamminga and Rudolph (ITCS'26) conjectured that both containments are strict. In this paper, we prove the following surprising complexity collapses $$ \mathsf{QMA} = \mathsf{PureSuperQMA} = \mathsf{PureSuperQMA}(\text{exp}) = \mathsf{BellPureSymQMA}(\text{poly}) $$ Here $\mathsf{PureSuperQMA}(\text{exp})$ allows exponentially many checks which are uniformly indexed and efficiently generated, while requiring an inverse-
polynomial violation margin and an inverse-
polynomial fraction of violated checks for the NO cases. $\mathsf{BellPureSymQMA}(\text{poly})$ is a related model that requires the prover to give the verifier polynomially many copies of a pure state, which the verifier measures separately with logarithmic output length for each local measurement, before processing the outcomes jointly. The main technical ingredient is a dimension-free stability bound for symmetric tensor states. Our simulations use polynomially many witness registers and combine a random-pair SWAP test with a permutation-invariant lift of the original verification procedure. The key step is to show that, on the symmetric subspace, the extremal verification value is close to that of some tensor-power witness with dimension-independent error. Applying this argument to the two verification models yields both simulations. As a consequence, exact $k$-local pure-state consistency is $\mathsf{QMA}$-complete for every fixed $k\ge2$, and so are the corresponding exact bosonic and fermionic pure $N$-representability problems.
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All authors William Gay, Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Lenny Liu, Itai Leigh, Pei Wu, Haochen Xu
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
A Homogenized Catalogue of Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster M22: Membership, Physical Parameters, and Distance
M. A. Yepez, B. Moreno-Amaro, M. Ornelas-Castañeda et al. (+2 more)
We present a photometric analysis of the variable
stars in the field of the globular cluster M22 (NGC 6656), using time-series photometry from the literature and from OGLE and
Gaia-DR3 data. From a sample of 666 variable
stars in the field, we identify 94 as cluster members, including 10 RRab, 17 RRc, 2 Type II Cepheids, 15 SX Phe, 15 SR
stars and 22 eclipsing binaries. Fourteen of these members are not included in the Catalogue of Variable
Stars in Globular Clusters. Through the
Fourier decomposition of the RR Lyrae light curves, we derived $[\mathrm{Fe/H}] = -1.73 \pm 0.17$ dex and $d = 3.27 \pm 0.14$ kpc. Among the RRc
stars, V15 shows an additional frequency with a frequency ratio $f_{0.61}/f_\mathrm{1O} = 0.6152$, consistent with the RR$_{0.61}$ phenomenon. Using P-L relations for member SX Phe
stars, we obtained $d = 3.31 \pm 0.17$ kpc, consistent with the RR Lyrae distance. We constructed a CMD comprising only cluster members, which allows us to confirm the evolutionary status of the cluster's RR Lyrae
stars. None of the fitted isochrones satisfactorily reproduces the CMD morphology, which is consistent with the presence of multiple
stellar populations in M22.
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All authors M. A. Yepez, B. Moreno-Amaro, M. Ornelas-Castañeda, A. Arellano Ferro, D. Deras
Quantum Physics
PPT states of almost maximal Schmidt number
Nathaniel Johnston and Benjamin Lovitz
We construct PPT states on $\mathbb{C}^m \otimes\mathbb{C}^n$ that have Schmidt number asymptotically approaching the smaller local dimension. More specifically, we construct a PPT state with Schmidt number at least $$ \left\lceil \frac{m + n - ((m - n)^2 + 4(m + n - 1))^{1/2}}{2} \right\rceil. $$ In the case of equal local dimensions ($m = n$), this becomes $n - \lfloor(2n - 1)^{1/2}\rfloor$, far exceeding the previous constructions which achieved $n/2 + O(1)$. In the case of unequal local dimensions, our result shows that there exists a PPT state on $\mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^{3n-4}$ with Schmidt number at least $n-1$.
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Quantum Physics
The cost of simulating classically tractable quantum circuits and dynamics
Su Yeon Chang, Supanut Thanasilp, Zoë Holmes et al. (+1 more)
Determining whether a
quantum evolution can be efficiently simulated classically is central to understanding the boundary between classical and
quantum computation. However,
polynomial-time simulability is an asymptotic statement, and does not by itself determine whether the (
quantum-inspired) classical simulation is actually practical. Indeed, different
polynomial scalings can lead to vastly different computational costs, particularly when expensive preprocessing or
quantum data acquisition is required. In this work, we ask whether classically simulable
quantum dynamics are in practice more resource-efficient to simulate classically than to execute directly on
quantum hardware. We analyze this question using three resource metrics,
quantum sample,
quantum time, and classical time complexity, for several widely studied classically simulable
circuit families. Using representative hardware-level estimates, we identify regimes in which
quantum simulation can be faster despite the existence of a
polynomial-time classical
algorithm, as well as regimes in which classical simulation remains more efficient. At the same time, the large
quantum sampling cost needed to characterize unknown input states can make this
polynomial-time classical simulation prohibitively expensive with current cloud-based hardware access prices. Ultimately, our work indicates that guarantees of classical simulability with
polynomial resources alone are insufficient to determine the preferred implementation.
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All authors Su Yeon Chang, Supanut Thanasilp, Zoë Holmes, M. Cerezo
Accelerator Physics
Coupling periodic-cell and finite-bunch dynamics for structured photocathodes
Dmitry Bazyl and Igor Zagorodnov
Patterning a photocathode with submicrometre features can enhance nonlinear photoemission by concentrating the optical field, but the surface geometry can also increase the transverse momentum spread of the emitted electrons. Resolving nanoscale surface fields across an injector-scale illuminated area within a full rf gun simulation is computationally demanding. To couple these scales, we developed an approach which combines a self-consistent finite flat-cathode calculation with the particle-resolved difference between matched structured and flat periodic calculations. The finite calculation determines the macroscopic bunch
evolution and space-charge field. The periodic difference determines the local change caused by the surface. For a finite but relatively small test problem, comparison with a fully resolved finite-array WarpX calculation gives differences of 1.3% in rms energy spread and less than 0.1% in projected normalized emittance. We then apply the method to representative FEL photoinjector parameters with a 100 pC emitted source distributed over more than half a million periods, and track the composed bunch through an L-band rf gun and solenoid. The initial difference between the projected horizontal and vertical emittances becomes much smaller after rf acceleration and solenoid focusing. At 1.52 m downstream of the cathode, the projected emittances are nearly equal and exceed those of the matched flat-cathode reference by less than 2% in both planes. The central-slice emittances exceed the reference values by approximately 3% horizontally and 5% vertically.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Signatures of Invisible Fermions in $\Lambda_b^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ \ell^- \bar{X}_{\rm inv}$ Decays
Shantanu Sahoo and Soumitra Nandi
We investigate the effects of a massive invisible
fermion in $\Lambda_b^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ \ell^- \bar{X}_{\rm inv}$ decays using a model-independent weak effective theory. Through a comprehensive angular analysis, we show that a nonzero invisible-particle mass leaves characteristic imprints on angular observables that can distinguish massless and massive invisible states. We further demonstrate that these observables provide strong discrimination among vector/axial-vector, scalar/pseudoscalar, and tensor interactions, as well as between left- and right-handed
quark and
lepton current operators.
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High Energy Physics (Theory) · Cross-listed from math.GT
The Chen-Yang volume conjecture for long integral fillings of fundamental shadow links
Ce Shen
We prove the Chen–Yang volume
conjecture for all sufficiently long integral Dehn fillings of any fixed marked fundamental shadow-link exterior. For each fixed filling, the exponential growth of its $SO(3)$ Turaev–Viro invariants recovers its
hyperbolic volume along the full sequence of odd levels. The filling coefficients may have mixed signs and unrelated magnitudes. We also establish a complete asymptotic expansion of the signed $SO(3)$ Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant and identify the absolute leading coefficient explicitly in terms of adjoint Reidemeister torsion. Fixed even colors on the filling cores recover characters of the
geometric holonomy. The key difficulty is cancellation in the signed surgery sum. Our main analytic tool transfers an exact reflection
symmetry from a continuous model to the finite
quantum sums. We control the error below the exponential scale of the surviving contribution. We also apply the method to a one-edge state sum restricted to central colors. The dominant contributions cancel, and for each sufficiently large fixed number of blocks we determine the smaller surviving exponential rate and its nonzero leading coefficient.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Octupolar bremsstrahlung waveform up to the two-loop level and the third-and-a-half post-Newtonian accuracy
Donato Bini, Thibault Damour and Andrea Geralico
Extending our recent work (which focussed on the even-parity quadrupolar part of the waveform), we compute the even-parity octupolar contribution, $U_3$, to the gravitational waveform $W \equiv \frac{c^4 r}{4G} \bar m^{i} \bar m^{j } h_{i j}$ emitted during the scattering of two masses. We work within the Multipolar Post-Minkowskian (MPM) formalism, and use the 3.5 Post-Newtonian (PN) accurate radiation-reacted quasi-Keplerian representation of the
hyperbolic motion. We explicitly evaluate the frequency-domain value $\hat U_3(\omega, \theta,\phi)$ of $U_3$ up to the 2-loop level, i.e. $ O(G^4)$ contributions to $h_{ij}(\omega, \theta,\phi)$, corresponding to $O(G^3)$ contributions to $\hat U_3(\omega, \theta,\phi)$. As a crucial partial confirmation of our result, we find that the 1-loop truncation of our 3.5 PN frequency-domain MPM waveform agrees with corresponding existing Effective Field Theory (EFT) results when taking into account exactly the same (2.5PN-level) difference in the definitions of the center-of-mass origins within the two formalisms that was deduced from our previous quadrupolar comparison.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Solar Neutrino Constraints on Inelastic Dark Matter Scattering in Light of Recent LUX-ZEPLIN Observations
Thong T.Q. Nguyen, Tim Linden and Dan Hooper
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Collaboration recently reported the detection of a single
nuclear recoil candidate event with a very high
recoil energy. The lack of any corresponding low-energy events motivates models in which dark matter scattering with
nuclei has a nontrivial momentum dependence or proceeds inelastically, suppressing the rate of low-energy
recoils. In this study, we consider the constraints on inelastic dark matter, including scenarios favored by the LZ event, from the absence of an excess of high-energy
neutrinos from the Sun in IceCube observations. We confirm the results of Pospelov & Ramani and show, more generally, that the lack of an excess of high-energy
neutrinos from the Sun strongly constrains the parameter space in this class of models.
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Quantum Physics
Oracle Separations in the Fourier Hierarchy
Atul Mantri
The
Fourier hierarchy $\mathrm{FH}_0\subseteq\mathrm{FH}_1\subseteq\mathrm{FH}_2\subseteq\cdots$, introduced by Shi (TCS 2005), measures a
quantum computation by the number of Hadamard layers it uses. Between two layers the
circuit may permute basis states and attach phases, but it may not create superposition; the layers are its only source of interference. The first level is exactly $\mathrm{BPP}$, while the second already solves Simon's problem and, through phase estimation, factors integers. Shi conjectured that every additional layer strictly increases computational power, and asked, as a first step, for oracle separations between consecutive levels. To our knowledge, the question was open at every level $k\ge2$. We prove that for every constant $k\ge2$ there is an oracle relative to which $\mathrm{FH}_k\subsetneq\mathrm{FH}_{k+1}$. The separating problem is built from Forrelation (Aaronson and Ambainis, STOC 2015): the level above solves it with a constant number of queries, whereas at level $k$ it stays hard even for
circuits making exponentially many queries. This holds for both of the usual ways of giving a
circuit access to an oracle, the phase oracle and the standard oracle, which writes its answer into a register. The two are not interchangeable: relative to an oracle, the standard oracle is strictly more powerful at the same number of layers. We also separate the union of all the levels from $\mathrm{BQP}$ relative to an oracle. The lower bounds rest on a structural property of the hierarchy: the number of Hadamard layers limits how adaptively a
circuit can query its oracle. With a phase oracle, a
circuit with $k$ layers is reproduced exactly by an
algorithm making only $k-1$ rounds of parallel queries, which brings known lower bounds for such
algorithms to bear. The standard oracle lets a
circuit branch on earlier answers, and that case needs a separate argument.
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Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The Dyn-Atmo Survey: JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of dynamical benchmark GJ 758 B
Alexander Madurowicz, Emily Rickman, Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi et al. (+22 more)
We present new JWST/NIRSpec IFU high contrast spectroscopic observations of the brown
dwarf companion GJ 758 B. Extensive radial velocity monitoring of the primary has enabled high-precision measurements of the companion mass through characterization of their joint orbital dynamics. The combination of prior space- and ground-based photometry and spectroscopic observations in concert with a spectral model-independent mass makes this target an ideal
benchmark for calibrating evolutionary models with known mass-age-luminosity degeneracies. A template-matching analysis on the NIRSpec/IFU data (F290LP,G395H; $\lambda \in$ [2.87-5.27] $\mu$m) detects the companion at the expected orbital position with incredible significance (265.2$\sigma$). Comprehensive spectral analysis including published
datasets over a variety of different spectral model families reveal that an inference using a uniform radius prior is plagued by inaccurate posteriors. The atmospheric model degeneracy between
metallicity,
gravity, and clouds pull the inferred mass/
gravity/radius to an unphysical portion of parameter space for all model families tested. A constrained inference with a gaussian prior on the mass can mitigate this issue but models without clouds still struggle to accurately reproduce the K-band photometry and result in mass inferences which are inconsistent with the dynamics. We explore modifying the spectral models with custom post-processed clouds and molecular abundance perturbations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. We find the best-fitting model includes clouds with no patchiness (hole fraction f$_\mathrm{hole}$ = 0), a small fractional depletion in ammonia and moderate enhancement in hydrogen sulfide.
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All authors Alexander Madurowicz, Emily Rickman, Daniella Bardalez Gagliuffi, James Mang, Kim Ward-Duong, William O. Balmer, Brendan P. Bowler, Emily Calamari, Henry Dennen, Jacqueline K Faherty, Kyle Franson, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Lisseth Gonzales Quevedo, Kielan K. W. Hoch, Piper Lentz, Elena Manjavacas, Klara Matuszewska, Ashley Messier, Caroline V. Morley, Evert Nasedkin, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Christopher A. Theissen, Jerry W. Xuan
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The Dyn-Atmo Survey: High-contrast Imaging Spectroscopy of the Substellar Companion HD 13724 B with the JWST NIRSpec IFU
Kielan K. W. Hoch, Alex Madurowicz, Evert Nasedkin et al. (+22 more)
We present the first spectral analysis from the JWST Cycle 3 GO Program #6362, the Dyn-Atmo Survey of dynamical-atmospheric
benchmarks, characterizing the atmospheres of directly-imaged companions with dynamical masses and measured orbits. This program has obtained moderate-resolution spectra (R$\sim$2700, 3-5$\mu$m) using the NIRSpec/G395H IFU. We observe the T4-
dwarf companion, HD 13724 B, companion to a G-type
star at a projected angular separation of 0”2. Updated orbital monitoring constrains the mass to $38.3\pm0.6~M_{\rm{Jup}}$, which we use as a Gaussian prior when inferring the atmospheric state. We fit the continuum-subtracted spectrum using the BT-SETTL, Sonora Diamondback, Sonora Flame Skimmer, and NEWERA-PHOENIX self-consistent model grids, together with petitRADTRANS atmospheric
retrievals. We adopt bulk parameter values of $T_\mathrm{eff}$=$1150\pm$195 K, $\log g$=5.1$\pm0.3$ dex, [M/H]=0.4$\pm$0.4, $\log_{10}(K_{zz})$=6.33$_{-2.22}^{+2.59}$, and C/O=$0.50\pm0.13$ using a
bayesian average across model grids. We find degeneracies in the models between surface
gravity,
metallicity, and $K_{zz}$ for Sonora Diamondback and Flame Skimmer. The Flame Skimmer and NEWERA-PHOENIX vertical mixing strengths are incompatible, with Flame Skimmer finding a systematically lower value. The
retrievals favor an atmosphere in chemical
equilibrium, with enhanced
metallicity and a
solar C/O ratio, but with no detection of disequilibrium chemistry, and no detection of trace gases other than CH$_4$, CO$_{2}$, $^{12}$CO and H$_{2}$O. Ultimately, we identify critical challenges in forward modeling continuum-subtracted G395H spectra in the low signal-to-noise regime. We find that including independent dynamical mass measurements better constrains atmospheric parameters, but degeneracies between self-consistent model parameters limit accurate atmospheric parameter inferences.
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All authors Kielan K. W. Hoch, Alex Madurowicz, Evert Nasedkin, Emily Rickman, Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi, James Mang, Caroline V. Morley, Christopher A. Theissen, William O. Balmer, Brendan P. Bowler, Emily Calamari, Henry Dennen, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Kyle Franson, Mark R. Giovinazzi, Lisseth Gonzales Quevedo, Elena Manjavacas, Piper Lentz, Klara Matuszewska, Ashley Messier, Marshall Perrin, Laurent Pueyo, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Jerry W. Xuan
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Universal Structure of Horizon Formation in Generic Binary Black Hole Mergers
Yu-Cun Xie and Vaishak Prasad
We derive the local structure of the first common apparent horizon in a generic binary-black-hole merger. This event occurs in the fully nonlinear regime, outside the standard regimes of post-Newtonian inspiral theory and perturbations of a stationary black hole, yet it admits a universal description. Without assuming
symmetry, we show that the stability operator of the marginally outer trapped surface must lose invertibility at formation. Outermost stability then implies that the vanishing
eigenvalue is the principal one, with a strictly positive eigenfunction. Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction yields square-root branch separation with a shared linear drift. Together these terms give a tilted parabola through linear order in time. The common horizon lies on a smooth marginally outer trapped tube tangent to the formation slice, and nearby later slices intersect it in outer and inner branches whose separation scales as $(t-t_*)^{1/2}$. Horizon quantities with a nonzero first response along the zero mode inherit the square-root separation and a shared linear term. We test these predictions in three binary black hole simulations, including an eccentric, precessing, unequal-mass system. In all three, the worldtube geometry and quasilocal scalars follow the predicted scaling. With the next-order term included, free-exponent fits to the surface geometry and quasilocal functionals recover $1/2$ to within half a percent, and diagnostics agree on the formation time within $5\times10^{-5}M$. The correlation between horizon shear and gravitational-wave news suggests that common horizon formation could have a signature in a short segment of the merger waveform.
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Materials Science
Piezomagnetism in a model cubic noncollinear altermagnet
Sudarshan Sharma, Luca Buiarelli, Richard Spieker et al. (+4 more)
Altermagnets constitute a distinct class of
magnetic materials that combine compensated
magnetic order with
spin-polarized electronic bands, hence carrying characteristics of both antiferromagnets and ferromagnets. Piezomagnetism - the linear relationship between
lattice strain and a net
magnetic moment - has emerged as smoking-gun evidence of altermagnetism that distinguishes it from antiferromagnetism. Here, we uncover a large piezomagnetic response in MnTe2, a cubic altermagnet with a noncollinear
spin arrangement and weak
spin-orbit coupling. We combine dilatometry with
nuclear magnetic resonance, a bulk local probe, to observe signatures of both direct and inverse piezomagnetism consistent with
symmetry considerations and first-principles calculations. The dilatometry measurements reveal a shear deformation proportional to an applied
magnetic field, while
magnetic resonance detects a
ferromagnetic moment induced by shear strain. The respective results for the piezomagnetic coupling strength are in good agreement, and they are captured by first-principles results. These findings for simple binary MnTe2 position this material as a model altermagnet, demonstrate the utility of
nuclear magnetic resonance in investigations of piezomagnetism, and open new avenues for
multimodal strain and
magnetic-field control in spintronic and
memory applications.
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All authors Sudarshan Sharma, Luca Buiarelli, Richard Spieker, Ivan Jakovac, Damjan Pelc, Turan Birol, Martin Greven
Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.AT
Moduli spaces of geometric functorial field theories
Jacek Kenig and Dmitri Pavlov
We develop tools to compute
moduli spaces of
geometric functorial field theories as mapping spaces of equivariant simplicial presheaves. Given a d-dimensional
geometric structure F, presented as a presheaf on the site of smooth families of d-
manifolds, we define its Cartesian realization, which is an O(d)-equivariant simplicial presheaf on the site of Cartesian spaces. We use Cartesian realizations to present the
moduli space of functorial field theories with
geometric structure F as a mapping space between O(d)-equivariant simplicial presheaves. In a companion paper, we use this result to compute the
moduli space of smooth one-dimensional oriented Riemannian functorial field theories valued in an arbitrary smooth symmetric monoidal infinity-category.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons
Block entropy area based non-local fermionic mode optimization with gradient disentanglers
Miklós Antal Werner, Gero Friesecke, Andor Menczer et al. (+2 more)
We introduce a systematic block
entropy area based mode optimization
algorithm for many-body
quantum states of interacting
fermions represented by
matrix product states. From the gradient of a global cost function, the block
entropy area, a long-ranged, non-interacting effective disentangler
Hamiltonian is formed. We then simulate the time-dependent Schrödinger equation driven by the disentangler
Hamiltonian by employing the time-dependent variational principle based on projector splitting, and minimize the cost function. The combination of the density
matrix renormalization group with this gradient-based
entanglement minimization forms an efficient low-rank iterative ground-state
algorithm that also provides an optimized single-particle basis for
matrix product state representation. We demonstrate the method on two-dimensional
lattice models of interacting
fermions and the Fe${_4}$S${_4}$ cluster, and show its robustness and superiority over earlier protocols using nearest-neighbor mode rotations and reorderings.
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All authors Miklós Antal Werner, Gero Friesecke, Andor Menczer, Kornél Kapás, Örs Legeza
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Interacting Tomonaga-Lüttinger liquid with impurity for interaction constant $K = 1/2$: Thermopower investigation, entropy variation and heat capacity densities associated with thermoelectric particle transport
Abdellah Touati, Redoune Zamoum and Farhi Houssam Eddine
We investigate thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of a Tomonaga-Luttinger
liquid with interaction parameter $K=1/2$ in the presence of a localized
impurity. Using bosonization and refermionization, we derive an exact expression for the thermopower in the nonlinear regime and obtain the corresponding Seebeck coefficient in linear response. At low temperature, the Seebeck coefficient follows a Mott-like relation governed by the energy dependence of the transmission coefficient and is found to be closely related to the
entropy per particle. This connection allows us to derive using Kelvin formula the thermopower contribution to the
entropy density variation and the charge-carriers contribution to the heat capacity density. Both quantities exhibit Mott-like behavior in the low-temperature regime. We apply our results to a fractional
quantum Hall quantum point contact and to a one-channel
quantum conductor coupled to an Ohmic environment. Our results demonstrate the close connection between thermoelectric transport and thermodynamic properties in interacting one-dimensional
quantum systems.
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Optics
Designing metallo-dielectric antennas for cryogenic applications
Siwei Luo, Tim Hebenstreit, Alexey Shkarin et al. (+3 more)
We present the design of cryogenic metallo-dielectric
antennas tailored to single organic emitters, where the choice of host material imposes specific constraints on the
antenna geometry. Using dibenzoterrylene (DBT) in para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB}) as a model system, we show that
photon collection efficiencies exceeding 90% can be achieved for arbitrary dipole orientations of the fluorescent molecule. The
antenna design is intrinsically broadband and tolerant to emitter positioning within the structure. We further provide concrete fabrication guidelines for the full
antenna architecture, and experimentally demonstrate its operating principle by recording a back-focal-plane image (BFP) of a single molecule inside a fabricated
antenna.
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All authors Siwei Luo, Tim Hebenstreit, Alexey Shkarin, Jan Renger, Tobias Utikal, Stephan Götzinger
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Optimizing the dilaton potential in holographic QCD via phase-transition constraints
Irina Ya. Aref'eva, Alexander V. Polevov and Pavel S. Slepov
In bottom-up
holographic QCD (HQCD), two primary approaches are commonly employed: the potential reconstruction method, where the background geometry is fixed a priori and the dilaton potential is derived, and the direct method, where the potential is specified explicitly. While the reconstruction method is highly effective for capturing the phenomenological properties of QCD under extreme conditions, a subtlety arises in that the reconstructed potential depends on the chosen
holographic boundary conditions. To address this issue, we propose constructing a dilaton potential designed to reproduce the typical features of HQCD phase transitions obtained by the reconstruction method, rather than one derived solely from HQCD
vacuum solution. Using a light-
quark model as an example, we construct a potential that captures the principal features of the phase structure of this model. Its parameters are determined at zero chemical potential by minimizing the deviation between the temperature dependence on the horizon position in the direct and reconstructed models and by fitting to the same position of a critical endpoint (CEP). The resulting minimal-potential model satisfactorily recovers the physics of the light-
quark model even at relatively small chemical potential. Specifically, it yields a first-order phase transition (FOPT) line close to those obtained from the reconstruction method. Additionally, the minimal-potential model reproduces a rising Cornell-like
quark-antiquark potential up to the hadronic distance $\ell=1.5$ fm, which we use as a phenomenological finite-distance criterion for confinement. The location of the confinement/deconfinement crossover in this minimal-potential model is also close to its counterpart in the original light-
quark model.
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Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Planetary Accretion Is Less Frequent in Wide Binaries: Evidence from Metal-Enriched White Dwarfs in DESI DR1
Siyi Xu, Laura. K. Rogers, Joan Najita et al. (+32 more)
Binary
stars are common in the
Galaxy, and understanding how
stellar binarity influences the formation and
evolution of planetary systems is an active area of research. In this study, we use metal-enriched white
dwarfs in wide binaries as tracers of long-lived planetary systems. With Data Release 1 from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), we find that the fraction of cool metal-enriched white
dwarfs in wide binaries is 9.8\,$\pm$\,2.1%, significantly lower (4.7\,$\sigma$) than the 20.5\,$\pm$\,0.9% in a control sample of single systems. Furthermore, we identify a tentative dependence of metal enrichment on projected separation and white
dwarf effective temperature, where enrichment fraction decreases at smaller separations and lower temperatures. These findings indicate that, compared to single
stars, binary systems either start with smaller initial planetary reservoirs due to suppressed planetesimal formation or undergo more rapid depletion of planetary material during the initial part of the white
dwarf stage.
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All authors Siyi Xu, Laura. K. Rogers, Joan Najita, Boris T. Gänsicke, Paula Izquierdo, Sergey E. Koposov, Christopher J. Manser, Andrew Swan, Sandford Nathan, Wang Wenting, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, C. Allende Prieto, D. Bianchi, D. Brooks, T. Claybaugh, A. de la Macorra, J. E. Forero-Romero, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, G. Gutierrez, R. Joyce, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, A. Meisner, R. Miquel, W. J. Percival, F. Prada, I. Pérez-Ràfols, G. Rossi, E. Sanchez, D. Schlegel, J. Silber, G. Tarlé, B. A. Weaver, R. Zhou
Quantum Physics
Absolutely Maximally Entangled States of $2q$ Parties in Every Odd Prime-Power Dimension $q$
Mykhailo Hontarenko and Karol Życzkowski
Absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states represent an extreme form of multipartite
entanglement: every reduced system containing at most half of the parties is maximally mixed. These states provide perfect tensors and optimal
quantum error-correcting codes, yet their existence is known only in restricted parameter regimes. For every odd
prime power $q=p^e\ge3$, we construct a stabilizer $\mathrm{AME}(2q,q)$ state whose normalized one-party projection yields a stabilizer $\mathrm{AME}(2q-1,q)$ state. A closed-form $q\times q$ bordered-circulant
matrix $A_q$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$ generates a Hermitian self-dual maximum distance separable (MDS) code $[2q,q,q+1]_{q^2}$, which lies outside the extended Reed-Solomon classes. In suitable bases, the amplitude tensors define normalized $q$-
unitary complex Hadamard
matrices of order $q^q$ with $p$th-root phases. Additional constructions yield $\mathrm{AME}(q+3,q)$ states and families at intermediate particle numbers through explicit rescalings of selected submatrices. We also provide nine explicit parent
matrices and the corresponding one-party projections.
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Mathematical Physics
A closed signature formula for the Katz-Long-Moody Hermitian form
Haru Negami
The Katz-Long-Moody construction associates to a representation of the semidirect product of a free group and a braid group, defined by the Artin action, and a nonzero parameter a new representation of the same group. On the pure braid group it corresponds to Haraoka's multiplicative middle convolution for KZ-type equations. For
unitary input and a convolution parameter on the unit circle other than one, the construction equips the quotient representation with a canonical non-degenerate invariant Hermitian form. We give a closed formula for its signature in terms of the eigenangles of the input local monodromies, the eigenangles of their ordered product, and the convolution parameter. The formula accounts for the kernel of the form before passage to the quotient and for signature changes at resonant parameters. It determines precisely when the induced form is definite, answering the definiteness problem posed in the companion paper. Definiteness implies unitarizability of the output representation; the converse holds when that representation is irreducible. The proof uses elementary linear
algebra: a determinant identity, explicit block-pivot formulas, and an inertia formula for sums of Cayley transforms of
unitary matrices. As applications, we compare the rank-one construction explicitly with Haraoka's invariant form for Pochhammer systems, recover the Gauss case of the Beukers-Heckman interlacing criterion, and determine the definite parameter intervals for the Hecke and Temperley-Lieb specializations.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons
Learning Quantum Matter through Attention in Complex Space
Mingrui Jing, Erdong Huang, Jizhe Lai et al. (+3 more)
Magnetic many-electron wavefunctions require amplitude and phase to be optimized together. Whether a complex internal representation improves this variational search is a practical question for neural wavefunction design. We introduce Complex Psiformer for interacting electrons in a
magnetic moiré continuum, combining complex hidden features and Hermitian-magnitude
attention with
magnetic boundary conditions and fermionic antisymmetry. After the same number of optimization steps, Complex Psiformer reaches lower energies than Real Psiformer in two finite supercells. Both Psiformers also improve on their respective neural Hartree-Fock references. Across five training seeds in the 25-
cell system, the mean Complex advantage is 1.458 meV per electron, with a smaller observed spread. A separately trained two-electron Complex state has a smaller energy gap to a finite configuration interaction reference than its Real counterpart. In the Complex states, flux scans show nonmonotonic density correlations and weaker honeycomb mean-density modulation at higher flux, while connected fluctuations persist. Gauge invariant current maps provide a qualitative comparison of local circulation in the optimized states. These
benchmarks support the combined architecture as a variational ansatz for studying energies and charge arrangements in finite
magnetic systems.
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All authors Mingrui Jing, Erdong Huang, Jizhe Lai, Enji Xiong, Jin-Guo Liu, Xin Wang
Atomic Physics
Nondipole Coulomb effects in strong x-ray field ionization
Haoyuan He, Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan and Christoph H. Keitel
Atomic ionization in superintense x-ray fields is studied through numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation including nondipole corrections. The role of the Coulomb potential of the atomic core in the nondipole regime is analyzed for a linearly polarized
laser field. In the considered high-frequency and high-intensity stabilization regime, the photoelectron spectra are dominated by a near-zero-energy structure, while above-threshold ionization peaks are suppressed. Two sub-regimes in the nondipole case are identified based on the scaling of the Coulomb momentum transfer, when the Coulomb effect during the interaction with the
laser field is either significant or minor. The Coulomb influenced regime sets in within the realm of relatively low field strengths, high
laser frequencies, and long pulse durations. An intuitive model explaining the distinct features in the photoelectron momentum distributions and the Coulomb effect scaling is provided.
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Spectral evolution of NS binary system GX 349+2 using AstroSat observations
Garima Tyagi, Suchismito Chattopadhyay, Sree Bhattacherjee et al. (+3 more)
We present a broadband spectral study of the Sco-like Z source GX 349+2 using AstroSat LAXPC and SXT observations obtained during 2019 and 2024. The X-ray light curves exhibit large variability, and the hardness-intensity diagram traces the characteristic Z-shaped track. Using hardness ratio and intensity, the Z-track is segmented into six regions comprising normal branch, soft apex, and an extended flaring branch. We perform simultaneous broadband spectral fitting in the energy range 0.7-25.0 keV using two model configurations, tbabs*(thcomp*bbodyrad+diskbb) and tbabs*(bbodyrad+thcomp*diskbb), to study the
evolution of emission from the
neutron-
star boundary layer,
accretion disk, and Comptonizing corona along the Z-track. The comparative analysis reveals that, irrespective of the adopted Comptonization geometry, the inferred inner disk radius remains large (~100 km) and exhibits no systematic inward motion as the source luminosity increases. This suggests that the
accretion disk remains truncated and the disk luminosity tends to saturate, consistent with a radiation pressure influenced inner disk. The relatively small variation in the inferred mass
accretion rate across the branches indicates that changes in $\dot{M}$ alone cannot account for the observed Z-track
evolution. Instead, the boundary-layer component becomes progressively dominant toward the flaring branch, with both its temperature and flux increasing with total luminosity, while the relative contribution from the disk decreases. These results indicate a redistribution of
accretion power toward the boundary layer and the associated Comptonizing region, suggesting that the primary energy dissipation in GX 349+2 occurs within the boundary layer region of the
neutron star.
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All authors Garima Tyagi, Suchismito Chattopadhyay, Sree Bhattacherjee, Akash Garg, Ranjeev Misra, Somasri Sen
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Logarithmic supertranslations as asymptotic symmetries of gravity at null infinity
Oscar Fuentealba, Marc Henneaux, Sébastien Robert et al. (+1 more)
Logarithmic supertranslations have been shown recently to be
symmetries of the gravitational field at spatial infinity. We extend this work by proving explicitly that they are also
symmetries at null infinity. We also show that the logarithmic supertranslation charges match at the “corner" where spatial infinity and null infinity meet. This fully establishes that the asymptotic
symmetry group of
gravity in the asymptotically flat context contains the logarithmic supertranslations.
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All authors Oscar Fuentealba, Marc Henneaux, Sébastien Robert, Céline Zwikel
Quantum Gases
Condensation temperature and magnetic phases of trapped coherently coupled Bose gases
Sunilkumar V, Rajat, Sandeep Gautam et al. (+1 more)
We investigate condensation and finite-temperature
magnetic phase transitions in a coherently (Rabi) coupled Bose gas confined in a three-dimensional harmonic trap. For the noninteracting system, we derive analytical expressions for the critical temperature and condensate fraction using a semiclassical description of the single-particle spectrum and density of states. At fixed particle number, coherent coupling enhances the critical temperature relative to the uncoupled system, and this enhancement decreases with increasing particle number $N$. The finite-size correction, in contrast, lowers the transition temperature, with its effect diminishing for larger $N$. We then incorporate repulsive interactions within the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov–Popov framework to investigate the finite-temperature phase diagram in the temperature–Rabi coupling plane. The system undergoes successive transitions from a
ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic condensate and, at higher temperature, to a thermal gas. The transition boundaries obtained from the vanishing of the condensate fraction show excellent agreement with the analytical Hartree-Fock predictions. We find that the interactions substantially suppress the variation in the condensation temperature with an increase in the coherent coupling.
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All authors Sunilkumar V, Rajat, Sandeep Gautam, Arko Roy
Fluid Dynamics
A Conservative Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian Method with Persistent Structure Tracking for Multiscale Cavitation
Mahdi Lavari and Aswin Gnanaskandan
Hybrid Eulerian Lagrangian methods for multiscale cavitation represent grid resolved vapor structures in an Eulerian formulation and unresolved bubbles in a Lagrangian description, requiring transitions between the two representations as structures evolve. Existing approaches typically treat these transitions as local
geometric operations, while resolved structures are identified independently at each time step, limiting the use of temporal history in representation changes. This work presents a conservative hybrid Eulerian Lagrangian framework with embedded, on the fly persistent structure tracking. Resolved vapor structures are detected using connected component labeling and reconciled across processor boundaries through a deterministic parallel procedure. Successive observations are associated using physics informed predictions of structure position and size, maintaining persistent identities and histories through birth, death, breakup, coalescence, and representation transitions. The retained history enables history aware Eulerian to Lagrangian transition criteria and initialization of Lagrangian bubbles with the radius and radius rate information required by the bubble dynamics model. Conservative bidirectional transfer operators preserve vapor mass and linear momentum while preventing simultaneous representation of the same vapor volume. Canonical tests verify persistent tracking through fragmentation, coalescence, and close crossings, repeated representation switching, conservation of mass and momentum, and deterministic parallel behavior.
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Quantum Physics
Strong Converses for Quantum Channel Capacities from Blowing-Up Lemmata
Salman Beigi and Marco Tomamichel
A
quantum channel can transmit
quantum states, classical messages, or classical messages that remain secret from its environment. We prove exponential strong converses for all three tasks over arbitrary finite-dimensional memoryless
quantum channels, at their respective regularized capacities and allowing arbitrary entangled inputs across channel uses and joint decoding. Above
quantum or classical capacity,
entanglement fidelity or decoding success probability, respectively, decays exponentially with the number of channel uses. Above private capacity, fidelity to an ideal shared secret key decays exponentially; in particular, vanishing secrecy error forces decoding success to vanish. The proofs combine one-shot
quantum blowing-up lemmas, which convert codes with low success into reliable codes with a controlled loss in code size, with a low-degree
polynomial approximation of the channel's Stinespring image projector. The loss is governed by the projective tensor norm of the approximation across the receiver–environment bipartition. For memoryless channels, the
polynomial construction gives exponential accuracy while keeping the rate loss arbitrarily small, turning the corresponding weak converses into strong converses.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Massless-Massive Amplitude Correspondence III: Massive Amplitude Bases in the SMEFT
Yu-Han Ni, Hao Sun, Yi-Ning Wang et al. (+2 more)
We develop a systematic correspondence between massless contact amplitudes in an unbroken theory and massive contact amplitudes after spontaneous
symmetry breaking. Our construction employs the
spin-transversality (ST) massive amplitude basis, with the systematic high energy expansion through minimal-helicity-chirality (MHC) amplitudes. The resulting $U(2)=SU(2)\times U(1)_t$ description of a massive particle makes the semi-standard Young-tableau construction of massless Lorentz structures directly applicable to massive amplitudes. When the leading-order MHC component has a massless contact limit, it is one-to-one matched directly to its UV amplitude. Otherwise, five exceptional classes of ST amplitudes are identified, their first non-zero descendant components are matched through conserved current couplings to the massless contact amplitude. We apply the framework to the one-
flavor electroweak sector of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) through dimension eight, obtaining explicit relations between unbroken-phase Wilson coefficients and broken-phase ST amplitude coefficients for amplitudes with three to eight external particles.
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All authors Yu-Han Ni, Hao Sun, Yi-Ning Wang, Chao Wu, Jiang-Hao Yu