Papers

Integrated photonic devices leveraging optical frequency microcombs have emerged as essential instruments for modern photonic systems, prized for their chip-scale footprint, high energy efficiency, and inherent stability. This work introduces a novel approach to microwave photonic oscillator based on generation of a Kerr platicon microcomb by a gain-switched self-injection-locked distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode. The system leverages direct modulation of the current of the laser diode, generating optical sidebands around the pump line. The beatnote between the Kerr comb lines and sidebands of the modulated pump at a high-speed photodetector allows to obtain tunable, low-noise microwave signals at frequencies close to the platicon repetition rate, which is many times higher than used for gain switching. We experimentally demonstrate continuous microwave signal frequency tuning from 100 MHz to 3.6 GHz by sweeping the modulation frequency, thereby shifting the generated sidebands relative to a platicon beatnote. We match third harmonics of the modulation frequency of the gain-switch signal with the free spectral range of the microresonator simultaneously generating the platicon microcomb. That leads to significant spectral purification of the platicon beatnote decreasing its phase noise by more than 30 dB. The novel architecture proposed offers a robust and versatile method for microwave synthesis, presenting significant potential for the advancement of integrated microwave photonic systems and their applications in communications, sensing, and metrology.

The tissue's speed of sound (SoS) is a promising marker for non-invasive and zero-dose diagnosis of diseases such as cancer or liver steatosis. Computed ultrasound tomography in echo mode (CUTE) retrieves spatially resolved SoS using pulse-echo ultrasound, by analysing the variation of echoes when probed with varying pairs of transmit- and receive-steering angles. This analysis conventionally focuses on the echo phase shift, which is interpreted as differential time-of-flight (dToF) and related to SoS. While promising results have been obtained, the trade-off between beamwidth and angular aperture not only limits spatial resolution but also leads to artefactual noise in media with short-scale SoS variations. To overcome this limitation, we propose an alternative approach: for each echo, instead of reducing the angle-dependent variations to a single parameter (the dToF), we retrieve aberration profiles with sub-beamwidth resolution by inverting a model that relates these profiles to the echo amplitudes detected for all angle pairs. We demonstrate in simulations that this amplitude-based (a-CUTE) approach results in substantially improved spatial resolution and reduced artifacts compared to dToF-CUTE. Physical phantom and preliminary in vivo results confirm the feasibility of this novel method in physical data.

Spins in condensed matter, especially well-isolated nuclear spins, offer attractive quantum degrees of freedom for computing, sensing, and networking because of their long coherence times. The possibility of electric-field control is an important feature for practical scalable quantum technologies, but, typically, nuclear spins couple only weakly to electric fields in conventional semiconductor hosts, limiting operation efficiency. Here we show that a choice of a highly polarizable oxide host can overcome this bottleneck. In Mn2+ doped ZnO, electric-field modulation of the spin Hamiltonian is amplified by hyperfine-coupled electron spins, and offers efficient electric-field manipulation of an I = 5/2 nuclear spin qudit, in a manner analogous to the hyperfine enhancement of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance. We demonstrate both resonant and non-resonant coherent manipulation using a single uniaxial electric field applied along the crystalline c-axis, the polarization axis of ZnO. This approach allows universal single-qudit gate operations with efficiencies comparable to or exceeding those of conventional magnetic-field driving. These results support the deployment of doped oxides as active host materials for electrically controllable spin qubits, highlighting the importance of materials design in developing scalable quantum technologies.

Stellar orbits are key for probing the environment of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sagittarius A$^*$. So far, the mass around SgrA$^*$ has been assumed to be spherically distributed. However, the extended mass may instead be flattened, creating disk-like structures. We investigate the effects that a thin disk structure would have on stars at the Galactic Center, focusing on star S2 and S301 and the clockwise stellar disk. We derive analytically the acceleration exerted by a disk with power law density $\Sigma \propto r^{-\gamma}$. We use this acceleration to compute the osculating equations and the variations of the orbital elements, showing how the latter depend on the orientation of the disk with respect to the orbital plane. We find that the disk structure induces a secular shift in the semi-latus rectum, an extra in-plane precession and an out-of-plane precession. The former is neither present at the low-order post Newtonian description that we use for the black hole, nor when a spherical mass distribution is considered. The latter can be competitive with the Lense-Thirring precession induced by the spin of SgrA$^*$ on S301 motion, depending on the mass, the radial extent and the orientation of the disk. Since the Lense-Thirring precession is negligible in S2 motion, the out-of-plane precession can be used to place upper limits on the non luminous mass of disk-like structures at the Galactic Center. The limits might significantly differ from those obtained for spherical distributions and depend on the disk parameters. These results highlight the importance of constraining disk-like structures when using stellar orbits to probe the central black hole, in particular its spin. Once mass estimates are at hand, one can quantify the disk's effect on S301 motion and the resulting degeneracy with a future measurement of SgrA$^*$ spin.

Quantum generative modelling casts sampling as a generative task: a parametrised quantum circuit is trained such that sampling reproduces a target probability distribution. Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial-time (IQP) circuits combine structural simplicity with complexity-theoretic evidence for quantum advantage. Yet their practical value depends not only on expressivity, but on how efficiently they consume genuinely quantum resources. We study this question through the lens of magic, or non-stabiliserness, as a resource for quantum generative modelling. We show that established fidelity- and geodesic-based notions of computational progress in a projective Hilbert space are ill-suited to generative models, since operational performance is determined by output probability distributions rather than quantum states themselves. We evaluate magic-consumption directly on the probability simplex, using changes in Jensen-Shannon divergence to quantify progress. Applying this framework to trained random {\gamma}-sparse IQP circuits shows signatures of efficient magic use, with the dominant contribution arising from two-qubit gates. As IQP circuits produce remarkably low intermediate magic relative to phase-randomised states with the same sampling distributions, this renders IQP-based quantum generative models as promising candidates for resource-efficient demonstrations of quantum advantage on early fault-tolerant architectures.

We investigate microscopic mechanisms underlying decoherence-induced transitions between topologically ordered states. As a first case study, we analyze the color code using topological entanglement negativity (TEN) and a disorder parameter associated with 1-form symmetry. We interpret these quantities as first- and zeroth-dimensional simplicial homological objects, respectively, and show that the transition can be understood in terms of decoherence percolation. To resolve its local structure, we introduce quasi-local TEN (QLTEN), which visualizes the spatial distribution of local topological properties and the growth of decohered regions. We further introduce explosive percolation (EP), corresponding here to biased decoherence that suppresses the formation of large decohered clusters. As a second case study, we consider the toric code on a triangular lattice under external-field-type decoherence. Numerical results show that QLTEN faithfully captures the emergence of Higgs regions and the survival of logical qubits. Although global TEN, QLTEN clusters, and string operators are strongly correlated in both models, the color code and toric code respond differently to EP patterns. This difference indicates that a universal microscopic description of decoherence-induced topological phase transitions remains challenging even for closely related systems.

We study dynamical phase retrieval for Schr\”odinger evolutions on finite connected graphs. Let \[ H\_Q=\Delta\_G+Q \] be a graph Schr\”odinger operator with a real diagonal potential. We investigate when phaseless data obtained from the associated Schr\”odinger evolution \[ |e^{-itH\_Q}u\_0(j)|, \qquad 0\leq t\leq T,\ j\in V, \] determines the initial state $u\_0\in\C^V$ up to a global phase. We give a uniqueness criterion in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $H\_Q$. The assumptions are a $B\_2$ condition on the spectrum, meaning that the sums $\lambda\_j+\lambda\_k$ determine the unordered pair $\{j,k\}$, invertibility of the squared-eigenvector matrix $\bigl(\phi\_k(j)^2\bigr)\_{j,k}$ and an overlap condition on the supports of pairs of eigenvectors. Under these hypotheses, the phaseless Schr\”odinger data determine every initial state uniquely, modulo global phase. We then show that the criterion is both realized and generic. Every finite connected graph admits an explicit real diagonal potential for which the criterion holds. Moreover, for every finite connected graph, dynamical phase retrieval holds for Lebesgue-almost every real potential $Q\in\R^V$ and every $T>0$. We also give several obstructions to uniqueness.

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are major drivers of heliospheric disturbances and space-weather effects. Here we present a multi-spacecraft study of 96 magnetic clouds (MCs) distributed over a broad range of heliocentric distances, and reconstruct their internal magnetic structure with a uniform-twist Gold–Hoyle (GH) flux-rope model. From the fits, we derive the axial field strength $B_0$, the twist density (turn density) $\tau$, the GH parameter $\omega$, and the integrated twist number $n$. We find that $B_0$ and the turn density $\tau$ both decrease with increasing heliocentric distance, consistent with expansion and axial stretching during propagation. A key result is that the upper envelope in the $\tau$–$R$ plane corresponds to a nearly constant boundary in the dimensionless GH parameter $\omega=2\pi R\tau$, close to $\omega\sim2$. Therefore, the inferred upper value of $\tau$ is not scale-independent, but follows $\tau_{\max}\simeq \omega_{\max}/(2\pi R)$ for a given flux-rope radius. In contrast, the estimated integrated turn number $n$ shows no similarly clear radial organization in the present sample. This study investigates the ICME structure and magnetic field characteristics across heliocentric distances from 0.07 to 5.4~AU, thereby providing observational constraints on the large-scale evolution of interplanetary magnetic flux ropes.

The longitudinal triple splitting in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) is a key rf manipulation defining the 25 ns bunch spacing delivered to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We present an automated optimization of this manipulation based on machine learning. Successive manipulations with rf systems at multiple harmonics of the revolution frequency are performed in the PS. Each bunch injected from the PS Booster (PSB) is split into twelve bunches with ideally identical longitudinal beam parameters. Precise rf voltage and phase settings are required to minimize bunch-by-bunch variations in intensity, longitudinal emittance, and bunch shape. Our setup combines two distinct parts: a convolutional neural network providing an initial phase correction from the evolution of longitudinal bunch profiles during the splitting process, and two sequential Soft-Actor-Critic (SAC) reinforcement-learning agents that refine cavity phases and voltages. The models are trained on data from Beam Longitudinal Dynamics (BLonD) tracking simulations augmented by simulated uncertainties, including noise evaluated from measurements, to enable training and robust transfer to the machine. First tests in 2022 reached target splitting quality in fewer than ten optimization steps on average, matching or outperforming manual adjustments. This led to operational deployment of an on-demand version, followed by a fully autonomous controller in March 2025. This controller has been available to operations since, representing one of the first reinforcement-learning-based systems for beam quality optimization deployed in the CERN injector complex.

In this article, we use the expression of the Schwarzian derivative to set up differential equations to find answers to three fundamental questions in the context of QFT in curved spacetime, specifically in two dimensions. One of the ways in which one can derive the Unruh effect in two dimensions is to use the anomalous transformation law of the energy-momentum tensor for a CFT that involves a Schwarzian derivative (Virasoro Anomaly). We answer the following three questions. The first question is as follows: If we have a spacetime with a massless scalar field in vacuum, what are all the subsets of spacetime such that the subset has a thermal distribution of particles for the left-moving and/or right-moving sectors? We obtain a general solution to this question by setting up and solving a third-order nonlinear differential equation based on the expression of Schwarzian. Based on the general solution, we can generate various subsets of the given spacetime that have a thermal flux/density of particles, of which the Rindler spacetime is one. The second question is an inverse question in which we suppose we are given a spacetime with a thermal distribution of particles; what are the possible purifying spacetimes (the “parent” spacetimes with the field in vacuum state whose reduced state in the given spacetime yields the observed particle content)? We similarly obtain a general class of solutions by setting up and solving a second differential equation. In this context, we also define “partial purification” where we obtain a spacetime that purifies only the left-moving or right-moving sector. The third question concerns locating spacetimes with the same particle content starting from the same “parent” spacetime. These sibling spacetimes are generated again by obtaining the general solution of a third differential equation based on the expression of Schwarzian.

Graphene Josephson junctions represent an excellent platform for quantum technologies, thanks to the combination of high carrier mobility, ballistic transport, and large gate-tunable critical currents, preserved even under quantizing magnetic fields. Investigating the spatial distribution of supercurrent flow could be crucial for elucidating transport mechanisms and advancing the engineering of these devices. In this work, we employ a Scanning Gate Microscope to investigate supercurrent transport in hBN-encapsulated graphene Josephson junctions contacted by Niobium leads. We study the supercurrent modulation as a function of the applied tip voltage bias and tip-to-sample distance, and provide a complete characterization of the tip-induced modulation. Our experimental results are quantitatively consistent with numerical simulations and pave the way towards local mapping and manipulation of gate-tunable superconducting phenomena with unprecedented spatial resolution.

The tidal deformability of a compact object is encoded in a single function of frequency, the retarded Green's function relating the induced multipole to the applied tide. Causality, reality, passivity, and the high-frequency conditions required for a positive-measure dispersion representation allow this response to be rescaled into a holomorphic self-map of the upper complex frequency half-plane. Using the Schwarz-Pick theorem, already employed to derive the quantum chaos bound in black hole physics, we provide a bound on the rate of the tidal response with respect to the frequency. For a neutron star with a positive tidal spectral threshold, the dynamical Love number is bounded in terms of the static response and the lowest frequency carrying nonzero tidal spectral weight, with the ideal single-mode model saturating the bound. For a black hole, whose tidal spectrum is gapless, the dynamical Love number is a finite-part moment of the horizon absorption spectrum. Under a growth hypothesis on the complete response the theorem constrains the full Euclidean response, but it does not bound the dynamical Love number.

This study considers extracting causally important vortical structures from the extreme vortex gust-airfoil interaction at a chord-based Reynolds number of $5000$. This extraction is achieved by decomposing a given vortical flow snapshot into its informative and residual components based on the contribution to an arbitrary future target variable with convolutional information-theoretic learning. For the current vortex-airfoil interactions that exhibit transient and multiscale flow characteristics, we first examine the important vortical structures with respect to a future lift coefficient. While the vortex cores are primarily highlighted before vortex impingement, the emerging shear layers are additionally captured after the massive separation, which is evident from a comparison to an instantaneous force-element analysis. We further take the scale-dependent energy transfer as a future variable of interest to examine its impact on the extracted informative structures compared to the lift-associated structures. They are distinct from the lift-based structures in the early stage of the gust encounter yet become similar after impingement, revealing an analogy between informative structures across different transient aerodynamic mechanisms. The present data-driven approach selectively extracts the specific important flow structures responsible for the physics of interest, which can support studying a range of transient aerodynamic flows from the causal, data-driven perspective.

Flavor mixing and CP violation in the Standard Model are conventionally parameterized by Euler angles that entangle the physical contributions of the up- and down-type quark sectors, obscuring the origin of CP violation itself. We present a non-perturbative geometric framework that resolves this entanglement through the commutativity condition $[\mathbf{M}_R^2,\mathbf{M}_I^2]=0$ for the Hermitian components of the mass-squared matrices, reducing the 18 real degrees of freedom of a general $3\times3$ Yukawa matrix to five independent parameters and yielding an exact Cartesian-like parameterization. Explicit diagonalization directly gives fermion masses, CKM matrix elements, and the CP phase $\delta$ in closed form, cleanly separating the distinct physical contributions of the up- and down-type sectors. Mapping flavor space onto a two-dimensional vector geometry, we derive the Jarlskog invariant $J$ in exact closed form and show that CP violation is governed by a discrete topological selection rule ($\eta_{\text{relative}}\in\{0,\pm1\}$) together with the vector cross-product $\mathbf{v}_u\times\mathbf{v}_d=xy'-x'y$. Across all 36 $S_3\times S_3$ flavor topologies, this yields an exact $18/18$ classification into CP-violating ($J \neq 0$) and CP-conserving ($J\equiv 0$) cases, associated with two distinct CP-suppression mechanisms: geometric alignment through a vanishing vector cross-product and algebraic cancellation of imaginary contributions under permutation. At tree level, fitting to experimental CKM elements yields agreement at the $\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ level, establishing this framework as a transparent analytical baseline for future non-commutative flavor extensions.

We study a classical system-bath model in which a system particle is linearly coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators. In a system subject to white and correlated Gaussian noises, we derive an expression for the joint probability density, and the mean squared values of the system-bath particles are calculated. For white noise, the mean squared values of the system-bath particles exhibit an anomalous time dependence, which is different from that of normal diffusion. In particular, for a correlated Gaussian noise, the mean squared displacement and mean squared velocity of the bath particle show superspreading growths of $t^5$ and $t^3$ in $t{\ll}{\tau}$, respectively. When ${\tau}=0$, the mean squared velocity of a quantum particle under random noise is proportional to $t$, while the mean squared velocity of a bath particle in the presence of correlated Gaussian noise increases in proportion to $t^2$. This anomalous transport phenomenon results from the mixed derivative structure of the master equation, which couples with the transport coordinates in the diffusion dynamics of the relative coordinates. This result shows that the removal of dissipation in the Caldeira-Leggett framework leads to fundamentally different transport mechanisms characterized by non-diffusive quantum diffusion.

The recent discovery of superconductivity in La$_5$Ni$_3$O$_{11}$ extends the family of superconducting Ruddlesden–Popper nickelates beyond La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$. Unlike conventional members of a single Ruddlesden–Popper series, La$_5$Ni$_3$O$_{11}$ contains an intercalated La$_2$NiO$_4$ layer between La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ blocks, raising the question of whether this additional layer participates in the low-energy electronic structure. Here, we combine density functional theory, Wannier-based tight-binding modeling, and rotationally invariant slave-boson calculations to investigate the electronic role of the intercalated layer. We find that realistic electronic parameters place the La$_2$NiO$_4$ layer in gapped insulating regimes rather than a paramagnetic metallic state. Furthermore, realistic interlayer hybridization fails to generate any appreciable La$_2$NiO$_4$-derived spectral weight at the Fermi level. Our results demonstrate that the low-energy electronic structure of La$_5$Ni$_3$O$_{11}$ is governed primarily by the La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ block, with the intercalated La$_2$NiO$_4$ layer remaining electronically inactive. This establishes a minimal low-energy description of La$_5$Ni$_3$O$_{11}$ and provides a unified framework for understanding superconductivity in intercalated Ruddlesden–Popper nickelates.

We highlight a simple congruence transform that shifts coupling parameters for Dirac operators with shell interactions. As one of the consequences, this leads to new observations concerning the self-adjointness and the infinite mass interpretation of generalized MIT bag models.

Relational quantum causal processes formulate finite operational contexts as normal positive functionals on local completely positive maps. Response differences generate an influence algebra, and its central projections define jointly readable Boolean events. We develop this starting point through a sequence of exact and controlled models. Fresh-environment unitary collision circuits produce dephasing-exchange kinetics with an exact charge-center fixed algebra, a uniform finite-step limit at fixed response order, and graph-controlled metastable Markov dynamics. An absorbing-state model exhibits a sharp transition between non-Abelian quantum memory and Boolean records. A reversal-covariant defect dynamics generates a locally finite partial order on a restricted graph family without assuming a Lyapunov time. Conditional on a certified order, a positive additive record measure, compactness, and identifiability, we prove subsequential convergence to a Lorentzian metric-measure space, finite reconstruction bounds, and uniqueness of admissible smooth limits. Complementary finite regulators provide controlled tests of modular-to-boost response, null tomography, same-update variational identities, induced quadratic gravity, and compatible common-refinement limits. These results are exact or controlled within their stated models, but they do not yet constitute a single background-independent microscopic law that jointly generates adjacency, time, volume normalization, dimension, signature, nonlinear Einstein constraints, and quantum matter. We therefore present RQCP-QG as a theorem-indexed framework that separates established mechanisms, conditional compositions, and open assumptions.

We propose a novel approach to numerically derive approximate reduced dynamical models for Markovian quantum open systems without perturbative iterations, projecting the evolution to the subspace associated to their slowest degrees of freedom. The two algorithms we develop are based on Oja's continuous-time principal component flow: the first returns the optimal reduction to the slowest decaying operator-subspace, and is extended to time-dependent dynamics, while the second one is designed to reduce the dynamics on a subspace of the system's Hilbert space, and thus preserve conditional complete positivity. The methods represent a non-perturbative alternative to well-established Adiabatic Elimination (AE) methods, and the second can be used to find noise-protected subspace codes for quantum information processing. Both are tested on a paradigmatic central spin model.

In the quest for sustainable energy solutions, water splitting emerges as a crucial process for generating clean hydrogen a versatile and renewable fuel essential for energy storage, emissions reduction, and achieving sustainability goals. This study employs a comprehensive computational approach, utilizing atomistic simulations to systematically investigate the effects of water absorption on the electronic and optical properties of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Our methodology integrates ab initio computations grounded in density functional theory (DFT), which allows for a detailed characterization of the nanosheet and serves as a benchmark for self-consistent charge density functional tight binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations. This approach provides valuable insights into the behavior of the nanosheet under the influence of absorbed OH and H2O molecules by considering calculated parameters for photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, we extend our investigation to classical molecular dynamics simulations within the ReaxFF framework, modeling the emission of multiple H2O molecules and assessing the subsequent rate of H2 evolution. A key finding of our study reveals that the dissociation of H2O into HO and O molecules significantly enhances both the optical absorbance and conductance of the nanosheet compared to its pristine state. These results underscore the potential of g-C3N4 nanosheets as effective materials for water splitting applications.

We consider the unitary time evolution of an interface in the regime of spontaneously broken symmetry of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model. The interface is induced by an initial condition interpolating between the two degenerate ground states in one of the spatial dimensions. The interpolation is left generic in order to investigate the dependence of the late time dynamics on the initial condition. Exploiting the basis of asymptotic quasiparticle states of the bulk theory, the order parameter is analytically determined at large times in the rough phase. The mechanism allowing the breakdown of this phase as the distance from criticality increases emerges from the theory.

Three-dimensional Weyl semimetals (WSMs) constitute paradigmatic gapless topological phases whose nodal structure is stable against weak perturbations, including disorder. Two distinct ways to destroy the topology of the Weyl nodes are through pairwise annihilation in momentum space or by sufficiently strong disorder that eliminates the quasiparticle pole, driving the system into a non-Fermi-liquid diffusive-metallic state. In this work, we study the evolution of entanglement spectrum and entanglement entropy of a dirty WSM as it undergoes these two topological transitions. In the clean limit, the WSM topology is reflected by a locus of $\xi=1/2$ eigenvalues of the reduced correlation matrix mirroring the structure of Fermi arcs. We show that disorder broadens this feature into a finite-width distribution, which disappears either through a gradual loss of spectral weight upon node annihilation or by melting into the background at the onset of metallicity. When tuning across the disorder-driven transition, the scaling of the Rényi entropies observed for weak disorder gradually breaks down as the system approaches the critical disorder strength.

It is well-known that the investigation of vortex filaments (i.e., moving curves) in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb R^3$ is an attractive topic both in physics and mathematics. The theory consists mainly of the three vortex models, up to the third-order approximation. Such a theory has been successfully extended to Hermitian symmetric Lie algebras in mathematics with physical and geometrical backgrounds. This article is devoted to developing it to Hermitian reductive Lie algebras in a purely geometric way. The three vortex models obtained in this article fulfill that when the Hermitian reductive Lie algebra ${\mathfrak g}$ equi-collapses to a Hermitian symmetric Lie algebra ${\mathfrak h}$, they revert respectively to those in ${\mathfrak h}$.

Optical techniques provide a fast and flexible path to material inspection. In particular, the investigation of key metrics during material production can help obtain the optimal parameters to achieve desired material functionality as well as to ensure product quality. Here we present an optical imaging setup designed for fast material inspection in a roll-to-roll deposition environment. The method allows for robust simultaneous determination of thickness in the range from 0.3 to 110 micrometers of multiple layers of transparent or semi-transparent materials in the form of a free film or a film deposited on a thicker transparent substrate. The PEDOT and ZnO materials chosen for this proof of concept are relevant for the fabrication of organic solar cells. Additionally, the method may be used to characterize birefringence.

This paper addresses the definition and modeling of hazards in the context of physical systems, particularly infrastructures, that are affected by climate change. The paper highlights that hazards are system-dependent, meaning what constitutes a hazard for one system (e.g., humans) may not be the same for another (e.g., infrastructures). The paper also highlights that extreme intensity distribution may evolve in a region without necessarily constituting a hazard for a specific system. These distinctions are crucial for risk assessment and adaptation strategies in a changing climate. The paper implements a simple threshold-based hazard model -Boolean Hazard Model with Probability -to focus exclusively on system-specific hazard definition in climatechange context. Use cases illustrate how this approach adapts to different systems and hazard types. The model produces time-evolving hazard maps, delivering hazard data tailored to both hazard type and infrastructure characteristics. The model provides hazard data tailored to specific hazard types and physical systems, with a focus on infrastructure. The use cases demonstrate their practical value and potential for broader application in multi-infrastructure and multi-hazard exposure modeling.

Using a non-perturbative quantum kinetic framework, we develop a unified description of the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of three-dimensional Bose gases following cooling quenches across the Bose-Einstein condensation transition. By tracking the spatio-temporal evolution of the momentum distribution, we show that the equilibrium condensation threshold simultaneously acts as a dynamical critical point, separating distinct far-from-equilibrium universality classes governed by different non-equilibrium attractors. While quenches above the transition exhibit a single-timescale relaxation toward a thermal fixed point, quenches below the transition display a crossover from a transient weak-turbulence regime to a coarsening fixed point governed by the diffusive recombination of vortex lines. Quenches directly to the condensation threshold, finally, are controlled by a previously unidentified critical fixed point characterized by the superdiffusive spreading of critical fluctuations and a distinct set of dynamical exponents. Together, these dynamical scaling laws establish a far-from-equilibrium counterpart of the condensation phase transition, in which the equilibrium critical point also organizes the long-time non-equilibrium dynamics.

This paper addresses the important problem of estimating the noise spectral density of next-generation gravitational-wave detectors, such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope (ET), where cross-channel correlations must be accounted for to avoid biased parameter estimation of gravitational-wave signals. Unlike approaches that estimate test-mass and optical-metrology-system noise separately at the single-link level and then map them to the Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) channels through known transfer functions, we develop a Bayesian nonparametric method that directly estimates the spectral density matrix of the XYZ channels, thereby accommodating additional sources of uncertainty. Our approach combines a flexible matrix-gamma process prior on the matrix-valued coefficients of a Bernstein polynomial basis expansion with a blocked multivariate Whittle likelihood. The prior guarantees Hermitian positive definiteness of the spectral estimate at every frequency. To avoid reversible-jump methods, we use an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for posterior sampling. The proposed framework can also be used to correct misspecified parametric noise models. Results from a simulation study and simulated correlated-noise data for both LISA and ET demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

We characterize the Hall response of non-interacting fermionic $M$-leg ladders in the presence of an artificial magnetic flux, that can be realized in one-dimensional optical lattices supplemented with a synthetic dimension. We focus on the Hall imbalance, which can be directly measured in experiments with ultracold fermionic atoms. At relatively large synthetic flux we find a dependence of the density that contrasts with previously reported density-independent behavior. In particular, the Hall imbalance can be significantly enhanced in the limit of small density of particles (or holes), or it can vanish and change sign at specific fluxes, which we obtain analytically in the large inter-leg coupling regime. This behavior is explained in terms of Lifshitz transitions of the band structure, where the number of Fermi points changes as a function of the flux and density. Finally, we explore the connection between these transitions and the so-called Meissner-vortex transition for fermionic ladders by computing the site-resolved leg and rung currents and discussing the similarities and differences with the bosonic counterpart.

The gravitational waveform generated by the scattering of two nonspinning bodies is computed in the frequency domain in the extreme-mass-ratio limit at the eighth post-Minkowskian (PM) order (i.e., $O(G^8)$, or six-loop) and at the fractional sixth post-Newtonian (PN) order. Previous results at $O(G^4)$ are completed here by computing the 5PM radiated angular momentum as well as the 6PM radiation-reacted scattering angle. Up to that order the waveform is expressed in terms of few master integrals, with integrands bilinear in (modified) Bessel functions, leading to iterated Bessel functions which can be in turn expressed in terms of Meijer G functions. Starting from $O(G^5)$ (four-loop) the structure of Fourier integrals becomes quite involved. In fact, there are several new families of master integrals, which can be shown to satisfy inhomogeneous Bessel equations with master integrals of lower order as sources. Although limited to the first order in the mass ratio, the results presented here significantly improve the accuracy of the scattering waveform, currently known at the one-loop level from quantum-amplitude-based computations or at the two-loop level (but with 2PN accuracy only) by using the multipolar-post-Minkowskian formalism.

Whether parity symmetry was violated in the early universe remains one of the fundamental open questions in cosmology. If so, it may leave an intrinsic handedness in the large-scale matter distribution. Here we formulate a helicity-based estimator to measure this handedness. Using cosmological simulations with parity-violating initial conditions, we show that it survives nonlinear structure formation. Applying the estimator to density fields reconstructed from the SDSS DR7 galaxy catalog, we find mild deviations but statistically insignificant evidence for parity violation in the local universe. Our results establish the intrinsic handedness of the matter distribution as an observable relic of primordial parity violation, enabling a direct probe with current and future large-scale structure surveys.