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Physics

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Wednesday 22 July

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Long-lived intermittent accretion disks in the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) of core-collapse supernovae

Noam Soker

Motivated by observations of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnants that suggest cases where one to three energetic pairs of jets dominate the CCSN remnant morphology and, hence, the CCSN explosion energy, I examine the formation of long-lived intermittent accretion disks that launch such pairs of energetic jets in the framework of the jittering-jets explosion mechanism (JJEM). In the JJEM, pairs of jets explode all CCSNe. In most CCSNe, stochastic angular momentum fluctuations in the convective zones of the pre-collapse core seed instabilities above the newly born neutron star that lead to the formation of intermittent accretion disks. These disks launch several to about twenty pairs of jets that explode the star. CCSNRs with signatures of 1-3 very energetic pairs of jets require long-lived, intermittent accretion disks. I quantitatively show that viscosity-driven angular momentum transport in the disk can prolong its lifetime even when material with zero angular momentum continues to feed the disk. Other effects that I do not study here can also prolong the disk lifetime somewhat: jets might prevent matter from accreting from the polar direction, and angular momentum fluctuations can, in some cases, add up to a positive angular momentum. The viscosity mechanism I study here, along with these other effects, can prolong the lifetime of 1-3 intermittent accretion disks (or none), which then launch energetic jet pairs. This study adds to the wide variety of morphologies that the JJEM can explain, somewhat supporting the claim that the JJEM is the primary explosion mechanism of CCSNe.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)

Higher Superspace Supergravity and its IR-Completions

Grigorios Giotopoulos, Hisham Sati and Urs Schreiber

It is an old idea that higher-dimensional super-gravity (SuGra) is put on-shell just by imposing Bianchi identities on super-field strengths over super-spacetimes subject to super-torsion constraints. We give a modernized, rigorous account and review recent developments, pointing out how this perspective lends itself to the construction of infrared completions of SuGra by electromagnetic flux quantization in differential nonabelian cohomology theories $\mathcal{A}_{\mathrm{dff}}$ lifting the coefficient $L_\infty$-algebra $\mathfrak{l}\mathcal{A}$ of the super-Bianchi identities. After surveying necessary background, we highlight: (1.) our recent proof that solutions of 11D SuGra are equivalent to the $\mathfrak{l}S^4$-Bianchi identities on super $C$-field flux over super-torsion-free 11D super-spacetimes, (2.) how from this the nonlinearly self-dual gauge sector on 6D M5-brane worldvolumes is equivalent to the $\mathfrak{l}_{S^4}S^7$-Bianchi identity on super $B$-field flux, (3.) and the recent complete discussion of superspace dimensional reduction of this situation to 10D IIA SuGra via $\mathfrak{l}\mathrm{Cyc}(S^4)$-Bianchi identities on super NS/RR-flux, together with its extension to further reduction to 9 SuGra via $\mathfrak{l}\mathrm{Tor}(S^4)$-Bianchis on the corresponding super-fluxes. We close by indicating how this implies consistent infrared completions of 11D SuGra by $C$-field flux quantization in 4-Cohomotopy, of 10D IIA SuGra by NS/RR-field flux-quantization in a form of twisted unstable K-theory, and of M5-brane worldvolumes by $B$-field flux-quantization in twisted (twistorial) relative Cohomotopy. The latter admits geometric engineering of experimentally relevant topological quantum orders.
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Quantum Physics

Quantum-state block texture and its quantification

Yanjun Chu, Yuhang Xie, Chenyang Cui et al. (+1 more)

Quantum-state texture (QST) is an emerging quantum resource that has garnered increasing attention amid advances in quantum theory. In this work, we generalize the QST to quantum-state block texture (QSBT). This generalization provides profound operational interpretations for quantifying the advantages of quantum states in quantum information processing. We pioneer an alternative framework for characterizing and quantifying quantum-state block texture, and propose three types of block texture measures. By comparing these QSBT measures, we investigate their distinctions and interrelationships. We demonstrate that the geometric measure serves as an upper bound for the trace distance-based measure. For a specific family of quantum states, we evaluate the values of two trace distance-based measures. Then we sample four sets of data from this family of states, with each set comprising $5\times 10^4, 10^5, 5\times 10^5$ and $10^6 $ samples, respectively, and present the corresponding distributions. Our results reveal that the QSBT measures constructed via different approaches show distinct characteristics, indicating their potential roles in quantifying the block texture of quantum states.
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All authors Yanjun Chu, Yuhang Xie, Chenyang Cui, Shao-Ming Fei

High Energy Physics (Theory)

Three-dimensional TQFTs from Argyres–Douglas theories via the 3d/3d correspondence

Cyril Closset, Adam Keyes and Sungjoon Kim

We study the twisted dimensional reduction of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ Argyres–Douglas theories via the 3d/3d correspondence, focussing on $(A_1, A_{2n})$ theories realised as the class-$\mathcal{S}$ theory $T[\mathcal{C}]$ for a curve $\mathcal{C}$ with one irregular puncture. We argue the resulting 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ rank-0 superconformal field theory (SCFT) arises as the IR fixed point of a Dimofte–Gaiotto–Gukov (DGG) abelian Chern–Simons-matter (ACSM) theory $T[M_3^{(k)}]$ for the lens space $M_3^{(k)}=L(2n+3,2k)$, obtained by fibering $\mathcal{C}$ over the circle with twist $k \in \mathbb{Z}_{2n+3}^\times$. The triangulation of $M_3^{(k)}$, derived from the 4d BPS spectrum, determines the ACSM theory including its superpotential. $T[M_3^{(k)}]$ flows to the expected SCFT when the monopole superpotential is near-maximal in a precise sense, while the maximal superpotential gives $T_A[M_3^{(k)}]$, which flows directly to a non-unitary TQFT, the topological $A$-twist of the SCFT. Geometrically, the SCFT and TQFT points are related by shifting conical singularities between edges of the triangulation, and we propose a correspondence between singular edges and SCFT points predicting when the SCFT is a unitary TQFT. The TQFTs from $M_3^{(k)}$ can support 2d vertex operator algebras (VOAs) on their holomorphic boundary, including the Schur-sector VOA of the 4d SCFT for $k=1$. For $n=k=1$, our construction reproduces the minimal 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ SCFT of Gang and Yamazaki from $L(5,2)$, where $T_A[M_3^{(k)}]$ is the Yang–Lee TQFT supporting $M(2,5)$ on its boundary. We check our proposals in detail, reconstructing the modular structure of the IR TQFTs from partition functions on Seifert manifolds, and matching phases to determine VOA central charges $c_{\text{2d}} \bmod 8$ from the ACSM data, including the gravitational Chern–Simons level.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)

Real Quantum Field Theory, J-Quantization, and Standard Model

I. Aref'eva and I. Volovich

We present a formulation of quantum field theory based entirely on real numbers, which we call real quantum field theory (RQFT). The construction is obtained from the standard complex-number formulation by replacing the imaginary unit i with a matrix J throughout all formulas. Here J is the real 2x2 matrix satisfying the condition J^2=-1. This extends the recently developed formulation of real quantum mechanics based on the real Kähler space to systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. As the basic example, we construct the RQFT for a scalar field. We define a field operator acting on the real Kähler analogue of the bosonic Fock space. This operator satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation and the J-form of canonical commutation relation. To construct the RQFT we develop the corresponding J-calculus. In particular, we introduce the direct and inverse J-Fourier transforms and the associated J-valued distributions. In RQFT, the usual unitarity condition for the complex S-matrix is replaced by the statement that the real scattering operator is both orthogonal and symplectic. The physical observables in RQFT coincide with those of ordinary QFT. Thus RQFT does not change the physical predictions of scalar QFT, but provides an equivalent formulation. We explore the possibility of purely real formulations of the Standard Model of elementary particles. We show that it does admit this formulation and the resulting theory has ortho-symplectic symmetry. The choice of the Standard Model as the testbed for exploring the possibility of purely real formulations is related with the fact it provides a realistic description of all known fundamental particles. The real formulation of the Standard Model naturally suggests a possible exit beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we consider the implications of breaking the J-symmetry as a marker for new physics.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology) · Cross-listed from cs.LG

Classical Hardware Acceleration of Quantum Autoencoders for Real-Time Anomaly Detection in Collider Experiments

Ivan Ge, Sagar Addepalli, Abhilasha Dave et al. (+1 more)

Quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms in high energy physics (HEP) can efficiently represent and leverage long-range, high-order correlations in high-dimensional collider data, potentially with fewer parameters and favorable scaling relative to classical models. Deployment of QML in real-time collider applications such as trigger systems requires the ability to emulate and compile quantum circuits classically, then synthesize the resulting quantum gates onto low-latency hardware accelerators, namely field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We present a study of variational quantum autoencoder models for real-time anomaly detection triggers in modern collider experiments. The models achieve performance comparable to state-of-the-art classical approaches and, after FPGA synthesis, satisfy resource usage and timing constraints consistent with trigger applications in future colliders. This work provides one of the first FPGA implementations of QML models for HEP triggers, enabling higher-capability models in today's classical data acquisition pipelines while advancing quantum readiness of collider experiment infrastructure.
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All authors Ivan Ge, Sagar Addepalli, Abhilasha Dave, Julia Gonski

Materials Science

Competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in non-altermagnetic Ru$_{1-x}$Cr$_{x}$O$_{2}$

David T. Plouff, Nawsher J. Parvez, Subhash Bhatt et al. (+4 more)

We investigate the proposal of hole doping RuO$_{2}$ via alloying with Cr ions to induce altermagnetism. Thin film samples of Ru$_{1-x}$Cr$_{x}$O$_{2}$ ($0 \leq x \leq 0.28$) were prepared by reactive magnetron co-sputtering on TiO$_{2}$ substrates, with epitaxial nature verified by X-ray diffraction and composition depth profiles determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with Ar etching. Neutron diffraction measurements of samples with $x = 0$ and $x = 0.23$ at low temperatures show no evidence of long-range altermagnetic order with spins oriented along the $c$-axis or within the $ab$-plane. In contrast, temperature dependent susceptibility measurements in samples with $x \geq 0.16$ show a gradual downturn below $T\approx20~$K, suggestive of antiferromagnetic interactions, although this coexists with ferromagnetic hysteresis and remnant magnetization at $4~$K for samples with $x \geq 0.23$. Together, our magnetometry and neutron scattering measurements suggest the coexistence of antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic CrO\textsubscript{2} clusters. This indicates that Cr ions do not hole dope Ru bands to induce an altermagnet state, but rather the holes remain localized to the Cr ions.
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All authors David T. Plouff, Nawsher J. Parvez, Subhash Bhatt, Xixiang Zhang, Adam A. Aczel, Jonathan Gaudet, John Q. Xiao

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Proximity-induced charge transfer, strain and magnetic exchange in graphene/CrSBr heterostructure

Asish K. Kundu, Anil Rajapitamahuni, Niraj Aryal et al. (+8 more)

Stacking van der Waals materials provides a powerful route to engineer emergent electronic and magnetic behaviors through proximity-driven interactions. The graphene/CrSBr heterostructure has emerged as a compelling platform in this frontier, exhibiting exotic macroscopic responses– including uniaxial surface-plasmon-polariton propagation and an unconventional quantum Hall effect– indicative of strong interfacial electronic and magnetic coupling. However, a microscopic electronic landscape governing these phenomena has remained elusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of the graphene/CrSBr interface using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), and density functional theory. We resolve a massive redistribution of interfacial charge that concurrently hole dopes graphene and populates the quasi-one-dimensional spin-polarized conduction band of CrSBr, resulting insulator-to-metal transition in the interfacial CrSBr layer. Furthermore, electronic structure of CrSBr exhibits strong momentum-dependent renormalization distinct from conventional charge doping, and theoretical modeling supported by Raman spectroscopy points to additional interfacial compressive strain. In addition, ARPES reveals a splitting-like feature in the graphene Dirac cone consistent with spin degeneracy lifting, providing possible evidence of magnetic proximity coupling. These findings provide crucial microscopic insight into the system's optical and transport responses and establish graphene/CrSBr as a versatile platform for charge-transfer control, strain-driven band engineering, magnetic-proximity coupling, and directionally confined excitations for next-generation spintronic and nanophotonic devices.
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All authors Asish K. Kundu, Anil Rajapitamahuni, Niraj Aryal, Turgut Yilmaz, Margalit L. Feuer, Suji Park, Houk Jang, Abhay Pasupathy, Xavier Roy, Jerzy T. Sadowski, Elio Vescovo

Quantum Physics

Microwave-driven same-species sympathetic cooling for trapped ions

M. C. Smith, E. Vandrey, A. D. Leu et al. (+5 more)

Sympathetic cooling of data qubits by coolant ions is an essential technique for trapped-ion quantum computing. Conventionally a second ion species is used, requiring additional lasers and complicating optical setups. We propose a scheme for sympathetic cooling using the same species and test it for $^{43}$Ca$^+$ ions. Pulsed sideband cooling and ion addressing are implemented via integrated microwave control, further simplifying optical requirements. We cool a two-ion gate mode close to its ground state ($\bar{n}\approx 0.16$) and benchmark an induced error on the data qubit of $1.7(4)\times 10^{-4}$ per cooling cycle.
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All authors M. C. Smith, E. Vandrey, A. D. Leu, N. Drotleff, A. Agrawal, K. Miyanishi, D. M. Lucas, M. F. Gely

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Magnetoresistive Memory in the Paramagnetic Phase of Eu$_5$In$_2$As$_6$

Sudhaman R. Balguri, Mira B. Mahendru, Rourav Basak et al. (+9 more)

Magnetoresistive materials that respond sensitively to applied fields are central to modern data storage technologies. Here we unveil a novel Magnetoresistive Memory (MRM) in Eu$_5$In$_2$As$_6$, where the electrical resistivity depends not only on the magnitude but also on the history of the applied magnetic field. Such an effect has been reported in only two classes of strongly correlated electron systems: perovskite manganites and pyrochlore iridates. In both cases, the effect has been observed in the magnetically ordered phase. It has been attributed to metastable magnetic states in manganites and conducting domain walls in iridates. Remarkably, the MRM in Eu$_5$In$_2$As$_6$ onsets at twice the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, well within the paramagnetic phase. The temperature, field, and time dependence of resistivity suggest that either a hidden order or a fluctuating phase with short-range correlations underlies this effect. Our results offer MRM as a new platform for quantum sensing and memory technologies, and encourage searching for MRM in related materials.
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All authors Sudhaman R. Balguri, Mira B. Mahendru, Rourav Basak, Enrique O. González-Delgado, Adam A. Aczel, David E. Graf, Andreas Rydh, Christopher C. Homes, Jonathan Gaudet, Ying Ran, Alex Frano, Fazel Tafti

Instrumentation and Detectors

The Eos detector: a demonstrator of hybrid optical detection technology

Eos Collaboration: S. Arora, M. Askins, A. J. Bacon et al. (+63 more)

Eos is an R&D testbed for hybrid detector technologies, featuring state-of-the-art sub-ns photosensors, the first implementation of dichroicons in a large-scale demonstrator, and the deployment of novel detection media such as water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS). By separating Cherenkov and scintillation light, Eos leverages the benefits of both to explore the potential of next-generation neutrino technologies. An extensive radioactive source calibration program enables the characterization of position, direction, and energy reconstruction performance of a variety of target materials. Furthermore, Eos will provide data to refine optical models and inform the development and simulation of future neutrino experiments. This paper describes the as-built design and data-taking plan of Eos, outlining its scientific motivations and role in the development of future detector technologies.
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All authors Eos Collaboration: S. Arora, M. Askins, A. J. Bacon, Z. Bagdasarian, A. Baldoni, L. Bartoszek, M. Bergevin, Y. Bezawada, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, R. Bonventre, E. J. Callaghan, D. F. Cowen, K. DeHolton, M. Diwan, M. Dubnowski, P. Englezos, S. Gadamsetty, C. Grant, B. Harris, M. R. Hebert, S. Jeon, T. Kaptanoglu, A. Katt, J. R. Klein, T. Kroupova, L. Lebanowski, S. Lynch, A. Mastbaum, C. Mauger, G. Mayers, M. Miller, J. Nachtman, S. Naugle, J. Newby, M. Newcomer, A. Nikolica, G. D. Orebi Gann, A. Phipps, L. Pickard, R. C. Pitelka, L. Ren, A. Rincon, R. Rosero, N. Rowe, H. J. Ryoo, J. Ryshkewitch, J. Saba, S. Schoppmann, J. Shen, M. Smiley, H. Song, H. Steiger, B. Tam, E. Tiras, W. H. To, M. R. Vagins, R. Van Berg, J. Wallig, G. Wendel, M. Wetstein, M. Wurm, G. Yang, M. Yeh, E. D. Zimmerman, A. Zummo

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Angular Momentum Quantization of a Charge-flux Composite: Quantum Electrodynamic Approach

Kicheon Kang

The fractional angular momentum of a two-dimensional charge-flux composite is a well-established phenomenon usually derived from a semiclassical Hamiltonian. However, when the composite is treated as an isolated system in free two-dimensional space, the fundamental rotational and reflection symmetries of the $O(2)$ group demand that its total angular momentum is strictly quantized. We address this conceptual discrepancy by applying a full quantum electrodynamic (QED) approach combined with Noether's theorem. We demonstrate that the interaction between the charge and flux, mediated by the vacuum electromagnetic field, generates an intrinsic interaction angular momentum composed of both field momentum and hidden relativistic momentum. This gauge-invariant interaction angular momentum exactly compensates for the fractional part of the kinetic angular momentum. Consequently, the net angular momentum of the composite strictly follows the integer or half-integer quantization rule. Our formalism clarifies that the conventional fractional spin corresponds to the expectation value of the kinetic angular momentum within the perturbed QED ground state. It also elucidates why the standard classical field angular momentum definition fails to capture this in two dimensions, due to non-vanishing boundary terms.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

Fabrication status and expected performance of the inner-core X-ray optic for BabyIAXO

Jooyun Woo, Yue Yu, Ipek Altunyurt et al. (+11 more)

BabyIAXO, a pathfinder for the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), is designed to demonstrate all key technologies at scale while achieving an improvement in sensitivity over the recent CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) experiment by approximately a factor of five. Such improvement is enabled by the X-ray optics, which allow for maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio at the detector despite a cross-sectional area of the magnetic bore being over 250 times larger than that of CAST. The optic employs a hybrid design consisting of co-aligned inner core and outer corona optics that share a common optical axis and vacuum vessel but differ in focal length and manufacturing approach. Both are segmented glass optics, with the inner core fabricated from thermally slumped borosilicate glass and the outer corona from cold-slumped Corning Willow glass. To fabricate the inner-core optic, leveraging techniques developed for NuSTAR and HEFT optics, we reoptimized and streamlined the thermal-forming procedure. The quality of free-standing glass substrates was characterized by laser metrology, X-ray reflectometry, and atomic force microscopy. We developed a cutting technique that produces smooth edges at the micron scale. We used flat stacks of glass-epoxy-graphite layers to evaluate the performance of the epoxy bondline. The optic is expected to achieve an on-axis point spread function (PSF) with a half-power diameter (HPD) of < 90", enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio by more than 55 times.
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All authors Jooyun Woo, Yue Yu, Ipek Altunyurt, Todd Decker, Desiree Della Monica Ferreira, Peter Lindquist Henriksen, Eftychia Kotsiou, Sonny Massahi, Kerstin Perez, Anacorina Romero, Jaime Ruz, Vyshnavi Sabbi, Marcela Stern, Julia Katharina Vogel

Plasma Physics

Parametric Decay of Broadband Lower Hybrid Waves

S. Jin, A. K. Ram, S. G. Baek et al. (+1 more)

We derive a nonlinear dispersion relation for the parametric decay of an arbitrary lower hybrid pump spectrum, generalizing the standard three-wave treatment to the broadband case. Finite pump bandwidth is found to reorganize the decay spectrum, collapsing the nonresonant continuum predicted by monochromatic theory into narrow bands localized at ion cyclotron harmonics. This reorganization is distinct from the gradual suppression usually associated with finite pump coherence: it occurs at modest bandwidth, while growth rates remain large. Accounting for finite bandwidth restores agreement between theoretical growth rate spectra and sideband measurements from lower hybrid current drive experiments on Alcator C-Mod. More broadly, these results suggest that pump coherence can qualitatively determine the accessible decay channels in magnetized plasmas with kinetic resonances.
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All authors S. Jin, A. K. Ram, S. G. Baek, P. T. Bonoli

Statistical Mechanics

Random walks in Dirichlet random environment in dimension $d+1$

Guillaume Barraquand, Alexander K. Hartmann and Pierre Le Doussal

The atypical behaviour of random walks in time-dependent random environment was recently related to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth. While this is now well-understood in spatial dimension $d=1$, further efforts are necessary to better understand these connections in dimensions $d>1$. In this paper, we study this problem numerically for $d=1, 2$ and $3$, focusing on a discrete model with Dirichlet distributed transition probabilities. This model is a generalization of an integrable model in $d=1$, and it has the advantage of admitting an explicit, product-form, stationary measure. We verify that the growth of the variance of the logarithm of point-to-point probabilities, namely from the origin to position $x$ in time $t$, is compatible with KPZ growth in dimension $d=1$ and $d=2$. In spatial dimension $d=3$, we confirm the existence of a phase transition as the angle $\vert x\vert /t$ increases and we obtain a lower bound based on an exact second moment calculation. We find that in the weak disorder phase the point-to-point probability acquires a heavy tailed distribution, and that in the strong disorder phase the cumulants of its logarithm grow with time. Further, we show that for this model, we can compute exactly the sample to sample variance of the thermal average $\overline{ \langle x \rangle^2}$ and that it is related to the extreme diffusion coefficient introduced recently.
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Plasma Physics

A low-temperature plasma collisional framework for quadrature-based moment methods

Pierre-Yves C. R. Taunay

The mathematical framework for elastic and inelastic collisions for quadrature-based moment methods (QBMM) is developed and validated for low-temperature collisional plasma physics problems represented by the Boltzmann equation. QBMM are more computationally expedient than direct Eulerian solvers and are able to provide a noise-free solution to the Boltzmann equation, as well as capture non-equilibrium velocity distribution functions (VDF). Closure for QBMM is provided by considering that the VDF is a sum of weighted kernel functions placed at discrete velocity abscissas. For all plasma particles (electrons, ions, and neutrals), expressions for the reaction integrals within the QBMM framework are derived and generalized to an arbitrary moment order for elastic collisions represented by a BGK operator and inelastic collisions (ionization and excitation) represented by a Boltzmann operator. The accuracy of different QBMM to compute reaction integrals is discussed, and numerical solutions of the moment model are presented for multiple low-temperature plasma physics problems that feature both elastic and inelastic collisions. It is shown that the Extended Quadrature Method of Moments, which uses a sum of weighted continuous Gaussian kernels, is most advantageous to compute reaction integrals. Good agreement with results from the literature is obtained for the evolution of the VDF and integrated moments, thus demonstrating that the QBMM collisional framework adequately captures the underlying physics of low-temperature plasmas.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Search for $C\!P$ violation in $D^+ \to \phi \pi^+$ decays

LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb et al. (+1126 more)

A search for charge-parity ($C\!P$) violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed $D^+ \to \phi \pi^+$ decay is presented, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6\text{ fb}^{-1}$, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\text{ TeV}$ with the LHCb detector during Run 2. An abundant sample of $D^+ \to K_{\rm S}^0 \pi^+$ decays is employed to correct for asymmetries arising from the production of the charmed meson and from detection effects associated with the charged pion accompanying the $\phi$ meson. Asymmetries induced by interference of multiple processes, such as neutral kaon mixing, regeneration of neutral kaons, and interference between the Cabibbo-favoured $D^+ \to \overline{K}^0 \pi^+$ and the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed $D^+ \to {K}^0 \pi^+$ decay, are subtracted. The direct $C\!P$ asymmetry in the $D^+ \to \phi \pi^+$ decay is measured to be \begin{equation*} a_{C\!P}(D^+ \to \phi \pi^+) = \left(0.1 \pm 4.9\text{ (stat)} \pm 2.4\text{ (syst)} \right)\times 10^{-4}. \end{equation*} For the first time at a hadron collider, the modulus of the ratio and the relative strong phase of the $D^+ \to {K}^0 \pi^+$ to $D^+ \to \overline{ K}^0 \pi^+$ decay amplitudes are also investigated. Two-dimensional confidence intervals are reported for these parameters.
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All authors LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A.A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, S. Akar, K. Akiba, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, R. Aleksiejunas, F. Alessio, P. Alvarez Cartelle, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, L. An, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, S. Andres Estrada, A. Anelli, D. Ao, C. Arata, F. Archilli, Z. Areg, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, L. Arnone, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, R. Ataíde Da Silva, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, J.A. Authier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J.J. Back, Z.B. Bai, V. Balagura, A. Balboni, W. Baldini, Z. Baldwin, L. Balzani, H. Bao, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, C. Barbero Pretel, M. Barbetti, I.R. Barbosa, R.J. Barlow, M. Barnyakov, S. Baron, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, J. Bartz, S. Bashir, B. Batsukh, P.B. Battista, A. Bavarchee, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. Becker, F. Bedeschi, I.B. Bediaga, N.A. Behling, S. Belin, A. Bellavista, I. Belov, I. Belyaev, G. Bencivenni, E. Ben-Haim, J.L.M. Berkey, R. Bernet, A. Bertolin, F. Betti, J. Bex, O. Bezshyyko, S. Bhattacharya, M.S. Bieker, N.V. Biesuz, A. Biolchini, M. Birch, F.C.R. Bishop, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J.E. Blank, S. Blusk, J.A. Boelhauve, O. Boente Garcia, T. Boettcher, A. Bohare, C. Bolognani, R. Bolzonella, R.B. Bonacci, A. Bordelius, F. Borgato, S. Borghi, M. Borsato, J.T. Borsuk, E. Bottalico, S.A. Bouchiba, M. Bovill, T.J.V. Bowcock, A. Boyer, C. Bozzi, J.D. Brandenburg, A. Brea Rodriguez, N. Breer, C. Breitfeld, J. Brodzicka, J. Brown, D. Brundu, E. Buchanan, M. Burgos Marcos, C. Burr, C. Buti, J.S. Butter, J. Buytaert, W. Byczynski, S. Cadeddu, H. Cai, Y. Cai, A. Caillet, R. Calabrese, L. Calefice, M. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, P. Camargo Magalhaes, J.I. Cambon Bouzas, P. Campana, A.C. Campos, A.F. Campoverde Quezada, Y. Cao, S. Capelli, M. Caporale, L. Capriotti, R. Caravaca-Mora, A. Carbone, L. Carcedo Salgado, R. Cardinale, A. Cardini, P. Carniti, L. Carus, A. Casais Vidal, R. Caspary, G. Casse, M. Cattaneo, G. Cavallero, V. Cavallini, S. Celani, I. Celestino, S. Cesare, A.J. Chadwick, I. Chahrour, M. Charles, Ph. Charpentier, E. Chatzianagnostou, R. Cheaib, M. Chefdeville, C. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Chen, A. Chen Hu, M. Cherif, S. Chernyshenko, X. Chiotopoulos, G. Chizhik, V. Chobanova, M. Chrzaszcz, V. Chulikov, P. Ciambrone, X. Cid Vidal, P. Cifra, P.E.L. Clarke, M. Clemencic, H.V. Cliff, J. Closier, C. Cocha Toapaxi, V. Coco, J. Cogan, E. Cogneras, L. Cojocariu, S. Collaviti, P. Collins, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, A. Comerma-Montells, L. Congedo, J. Connaughton, A. Contu, N. Cooke, G. Cordova, C. Coronel, I. Corredoira, A. Correia, G. Corti, G.C. Costantino, J. Cottee Meldrum, B. Couturier, D.C. Craik, N. Crepet, M. Cruz Torres, M. Cubero Campos, E. Curras Rivera, R. Currie, C.L. Da Silva, X. Dai, J. Dalseno, C. D'Ambrosio, G. Darze, A. Davidson, J.E. Davies, O. De Aguiar Francisco, C. De Angelis, F. De Benedetti, J. de Boer, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, E. De Lucia, J.M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, M. De Serio, P. De Simone, F. De Vellis, J.A. de Vries, F. Debernardis, D. Decamp, S. Dekkers, L. Del Buono, B. Delaney, J. Deng, V. Denysenko, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, B. Dey, P. Di Nezza, S. Ding, Y. Ding, L. Dittmann, A.D. Docheva, A. Doheny, C. Dong, F. Dordei, A.C. dos Reis, A.D. Dowling, L. Dreyfus, W. Duan, P. Duda, L. Dufour, V. Duk, P. Durante, M.M. Duras, J.M. Durham, O.D. Durmus, K. Duwe, A. Dziurda, S. Easo, E. Eckstein, U. Egede, S. Eisenhardt, E. Ejopu, L. Eklund, M. Elashri, D. Elizondo Blanco, J. Ellbracht, S. Ely, A. Ene, J. Eschle, T. Evans, F. Fabiano, S. Faghih, L.N. Falcao, B. Fang, R. Fantechi, L. Fantini, M. Faria, K. Farmer, F. Fassin, D. Fazzini, L. Felkowski, C. Feng, M. Feng, A. Fernandez Casani, M. Fernandez Gomez, A.D. Fernez, F. Ferrari, F. Ferreira Rodrigues, M. Ferrillo, R.A. Fini, M. Fiorini, M. Firlej, K.L. Fischer, D.S. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzpatrick, T. Fiutowski, F. Fleuret, A. Fomin, M. Fontana, L.A. Foreman, R. Forty, D. Foulds-Holt, V. Franco Lima, M. Franco Sevilla, M. Frank, E. Franzoso, G. Frau, C. Frei, D.A. Friday, J. Fu, Q. Führing, T. Fulghesu, G. Galati, M.D. Galati, A. Gallas Torreira, D. Galli, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, P. Gandini, B. Ganie, H. Gao, R. Gao, T.Q. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, L.M. Garcia Martin, P. Garcia Moreno, J. García Pardiñas, P. Gardner, L. Garrido, C. Gaspar, A. Gavrikov, E. Gersabeck, M. Gersabeck, T. Gershon, S. Ghizzo, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, F.I. Giasemis, V. Gibson, H.K. Giemza, A.L. Gilman, M. Giovannetti, A. Gioventù, L. Girardey, M.A. Giza, F.C. Glaser, V.V. Gligorov, C. Göbel, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, E. Golobardes, A. Golutvin, S. Gomez Fernandez, W. Gomulka, F. Goncalves Abrantes, I. Gonçales Vaz, M. Goncerz, G. Gong, J.A. Gooding, C. Gotti, E. Govorkova, J.P. Grabowski, L.A. Granado Cardoso, E. Graugés, E. Graverini, L. Grazette, G. Graziani, A.T. Grecu, N.A. Grieser, L. Grillo, C. Gu, M. Guarise, L. Guerry, A.-K. Guseinov, Y. Guz, T. Gys, K. Habermann, T. Hadavizadeh, C. Hadjivasiliou, G. Haefeli, C. Haen, S. Haken, G. Hallett, P.M. Hamilton, Q. Han, X. Han, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, N. Harnew, T.J. Harris, M. Hartmann, S. Hashmi, J. He, N. Heatley, A. Hedes, F. Hemmer, C. Henderson, R. Henderson, R.D.L. Henderson, A.M. Hennequin, K. Hennessy, J. Herd, P. Herrero Gascon, J. Heuel, A. Heyn, A. Hicheur, G. Hijano Mendizabal, J. Horswill, R. Hou, Y. Hou, D.C. Houston, N. Howarth, W. Hu, X. Hu, W. Hulsbergen, R.J. Hunter, D. Hutchcroft, M. Idzik, P. Ilten, A. Iohner, H. Jage, S.J. Jaimes Elles, S. Jakobsen, T. Jakoubek, E. Jans, A. Jawahery, C. Jayaweera, A. Jelavic, V. Jevtic, Z. Jia, E. Jiang, X. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Y.J. Jiang, E. Jimenez Moya, N. Jindal, M. John, A. John Rubesh Rajan, D. Johnson, C.R. Jones, S. Joshi, B. Jost, J. Juan Castella, N. Jurik, I. Juszczak, K. Kalecinska, D. Kaminaris, S. Kandybei, M. Kane, Y. Kang, C. Kar, M. Karacson, A. Kauniskangas, J.W. Kautz, M.K. Kazanecki, F. Keizer, M. Kenzie, T. Ketel, B. Khanji, S. Kholodenko, G. Khreich, F. Kiraz, T. Kirn, V.S. Kirsebom, N. Kleijne, A. Kleimenova, D. Klekots, K. Klimaszewski, M.R. Kmiec, T. Knospe, R. Kolb, S. Koliiev, L. Kolk, A. Konoplyannikov, P. Kopciewicz, P. Koppenburg, A. Korchin, I. Kostiuk, O. Kot, S. Kotriakhova, E. Kowalczyk, O. Kravcov, M. Kreps, W. Krupa, W. Krzemien, O. Kshyvanskyi, S. Kubis, M. Kucharczyk, A. Kupsc, V. Kushnir, B. Kutsenko, J. Kvapil, I. Kyryllin, D. Lacarrere, P. Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, A. Lampis, D. Lancierini, C. Landesa Gomez, J.J. Lane, G. Lanfranchi, C. Langenbruch, T. Latham, F. Lazzari, C. Lazzeroni, R. Le Gac, H. Lee, R. Lefèvre, M. Lehuraux, E. Lemos Cid, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, E.D. Lesser, B. Leverington, A. Li, C. Li, C. Li, H. Li, J. Li, K. Li, L. Li, P. Li, P.-R. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, T. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, Z. Lian, Q. Liang, X. Liang, Z. Liang, S. Libralon, A. Lightbody, T. Lin, R. Lindner, H. Linton, R. Litvinov, D. Liu, F.L. Liu, G. Liu, K. Liu, S. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.L. Liu, G. Loachamin Ordonez, I. Lobo, A. Lobo Salvia, A. Loi, T. Long, F.C.L. Lopes, J.H. Lopes, A. Lopez Huertas, C. Lopez Iribarnegaray, Q. Lu, C. Lucarelli, D. Lucchesi, M. Lucio Martinez, Y. Luo, A. Lupato, M. Lupberger, E. Luppi, K. Lynch, S. Lyu, X.-R. Lyu, H. Ma, S. Maccolini, F. Machefert, F. Maciuc, B. Mack, I. Mackay, L.M. Mackey, L.R. Madhan Mohan, M.J. Madurai, D. Magdalinski, J.J. Malczewski, S. Malde, L. Malentacca, G. Manca, G. Mancinelli, C. Mancuso, R. Manera Escalero, A. Mangalasseri, F.M. Manganella, D. Manuzzi, S. Mao, D. Marangotto, J.F. Marchand, R. Marchevski, U. Marconi, E. Mariani, S. Mariani, C. Marin Benito, J. Marks, A.M. Marshall, L. Martel, G. Martelli, G. Martellotti, L. Martinazzoli, M. Martinelli, C. Martinez, D. Martinez Gomez, D. Martinez Santos, F. Martinez Vidal, A. Martorell i Granollers, A. Massafferri, R. Matev, A. Mathad, C. Matteuzzi, K.R. Mattioli, A. Mauri, E. Maurice, J. Mauricio, P. Mayencourt, J. Mazorra de Cos, M. Mazurek, D. Mazzanti Tarancon, M. McCann, N.T. McHugh, A. McNab, R. McNulty, B. Meadows, S.E.R. Medaer, D. Melnychuk, D. Mendoza Granada, P. Menendez Valdes Perez, F.M. Meng, M. Merk, A. Merli, L. Meyer Garcia, D. Miao, H. Miao, M. Mikhasenko, D.A. Milanes, A. Minotti, E. Minucci, B. Mitreska, D.S. Mitzel, R. Mocanu, A. Modak, L. Moeser, R.D. Moise, E.F. Molina Cardenas, T. Mombächer, M. Monk, T. Monnard, S. Monteil, A. Morcillo Gomez, G. Morello, M.J. Morello, M.P. Morgenthaler, A. Moro, J. Moron, W. Morren, A.B. Morris, A.G. Morris, R. Mountain, Z. Mu, N. Muangkod, E. Muhammad, F. Muheim, M. Mulder, K. Müller, F. Muñoz-Rojas, V. Mytrochenko, P. Naik, T. Nakada, R. Nandakumar, G. Napoletano, I. Nasteva, M. Needham, N. Neri, S. Neubert, N. Neufeld, J. Nicolini, D. Nicotra, E.M. Niel, L. Nisi, Q. Niu, B.K. Njoki, P. Nogarolli, P. Nogga, C. Normand, J. Novoa Fernandez, G. Nowak, H.N. Nur, A. Oblakowska-Mucha, T. Oeser, O. Okhrimenko, R. Oldeman, F. Oliva, E. Olivart Pino, M. Olocco, R.H. O'Neil, J.S. Ordonez Soto, D. Osthues, J.M. Otalora Goicochea, P. Owen, A. Oyanguren, O. Ozcelik, F. Paciolla, A. Padee, K.O. Padeken, B. Pagare, T. Pajero, A. Palano, L. Palini, M. Palutan, C. Pan, X. Pan, S. Panebianco, S. Paniskaki, L. Paolucci, A. Papanestis, M. Pappagallo, L.L. Pappalardo, C. Pappenheimer, C. Parkes, D. Parmar, G. Passaleva, D. Passaro, A. Pastore, M. Patel, J. Patoc, C. Patrignani, A. Paul, C.J. Pawley, A. Pellegrino, J. Peng, X. Peng, M. Pepe Altarelli, S. Perazzini, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Pereira Martinez, A. Pereiro Castro, C. Perez, P. Perret, A. Perrevoort, A. Perro, M.J. Peters, K. Petridis, A. Petrolini, S. Pezzulo, J.P. Pfaller, H. Pham, L. Pica, M. Piccini, L. Piccolo, B. Pietrzyk, R.N. Pilato, D. Pinci, F. Pisani, M. Pizzichemi, V.M. Placinta, M. Plo Casasus, T. Poeschl, F. Polci, M. Poli Lener, A. Poluektov, I. Polyakov, E. Polycarpo, S. Ponce, D. Popov, K. Popp, K. Prasanth, C. Prouve, D. Provenzano, V. Pugatch, A. Puicercus Gomez, G. Punzi, J.R. Pybus, Q. Qian, W. Qian, N. Qin, R. Quagliani, R.I. Rabadan Trejo, B. Rachwal, R. Racz, J.H. Rademacker, M. Rama, M. Ramírez García, V. Ramos De Oliveira, M. Ramos Pernas, M.S. Rangel, G. Raven, M. Rebollo De Miguel, F. Redi, J. Reich, F. Reiss, Z. Ren, P.K. Resmi, M. Ribalda Galvez, R. Ribatti, G. Ricart, D. Riccardi, S. Ricciardi, K. Richardson, M. Richardson-Slipper, F. Riehn, K. Rinnert, P. Robbe, G. Robertson, E. Rodrigues, A. Rodriguez Alvarez, E. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.A. Rodriguez Lopez, E. Rodriguez Rodriguez, J. Roensch, A. Rogovskiy, D.L. Rolf, P. Roloff, V. Romanovskiy, A. Romero Vidal, G. Romolini, F. Ronchetti, T. Rong, M. Rotondo, M.S. Rudolph, M. Ruiz Diaz, J. Ruiz Vidal, J.J. Saavedra-Arias, J.J. Saborido Silva, D. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, B. Saitta, M. Salomoni, I. Sanderswood, R. Santacesaria, C. Santamarina Rios, M. Santimaria, L. Santoro, E. Santovetti, A. Saputi, A. Sarnatskiy, G. Sarpis, M. Sarpis, C. Satriano, A. Satta, M. Saur, H. Sazak, F. Sborzacchi, A. Scarabotto, S. Schael, S. Scherl, M. Schiller, H. Schindler, M. Schmelling, B. Schmidt, N. Schmidt, S. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schneider, A. Schopper, N. Schulte, M.H. Schune, G. Schwering, B. Sciascia, A. Sciuccati, G. Scriven, I. Segal, S. Sellam, M. Senghi Soares, A. Sergi, N. Serra, L. Sestini, B. Sevilla Sanjuan, Y. Shang, D.M. Shangase, R.S. Sharma, L. Shchutska, T. Shears, J. Shen, Z. Shen, S. Sheng, B. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, W.S. Shi, E. Shmanin, R. Silva Coutinho, G. Simi, S. Simone, M. Singha, I. Siral, N. Skidmore, T. Skwarnicki, M.W. Slater, E. Smith, M. Smith, L. Soares Lavra, M.D. Sokoloff, F.J.P. Soler, A. Solomin, K. Solovieva, N.S. Sommerfeld, R. Song, Y. Song, Y. Song, Y.S. Song, F.L. Souza De Almeida, B. Souza De Paula, K.M. Sowa, E. Spadaro Norella, E. Spedicato, J.G. Speer, P. Spradlin, F. Stagni, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, O. Steinkamp, F. Suljik, J. Sun, L. Sun, M. Sun, D. Sundfeld, W. Sutcliffe, P. Svihra, V. Svintozelskyi, K. Swientek, F. Swystun, A. Szabelski, T. Szumlak, Y. Tan, Y. Tang, Y.T. Tang, M.D. Tat, J.A. Teijeiro Jimenez, F. Terzuoli, F. Teubert, E. Thomas, D.J.D. Thompson, A.R. Thomson-Strong, H. Tilquin, V. Tisserand, S. T'Jampens, M. Tobin, T.T. Todorov, L. Tomassetti, G. Tonani, X. Tong, T. Tork, L. Toscano, D.Y. Tou, C. Trippl, G. Tuci, N. Tuning, L.H. Uecker, A. Ukleja, A. Upadhyay, B. Urbach, A. Usachov, U. Uwer, V. Vagnoni, A. Vaitkevicius, V. Valcarce Cadenas, G. Valenti, N. Valls Canudas, J. van Eldik, H. Van Hecke, E. van Herwijnen, C.B. Van Hulse, R. Van Laak, M. van Veghel, G. Vasquez, R. Vazquez Gomez, P. Vazquez Regueiro, C. Vázquez Sierra, S. Vecchi, J. Velilla Serna, J.J. Velthuis, M. Veltri, A. Venkateswaran, M. Verdoglia, M. Vesterinen, W. Vetens, D. Vico Benet, P. Vidrier Villalba, M. Vieites Diaz, X. Vilasis-Cardona, E. Vilella Figueras, A. Villa, P. Vincent, B. Vivacqua, F.C. Volle, D. vom Bruch, K. Vos, C. Vrahas, J. Wagner, J. Walsh, N. Walter, E.J. Walton, G. Wan, A. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, N.W. Wang, R. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.H. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, J.A. Ward, M. Waterlaat, N.K. Watson, D. Websdale, Y. Wei, Z. Weida, J. Wendel, B.D.C. Westhenry, C. White, M. Whitehead, E. Whiter, A.R. Wiederhold, D. Wiedner, M.A. Wiegertjes, C. Wild, G. Wilkinson, M.K. Wilkinson, M. Williams, M.J. Williams, M.R.J. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, Z. Williams, F.F. Wilson, M. Winn, W. Wislicki, M. Witek, L. Witola, T. Wolf, E. Wood, G. Wormser, S.A. Wotton, H. Wu, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, K. Wyllie, S. Xian, Z. Xiang, Y. Xie, T.X. Xing, A. Xu, L. Xu, M. Xu, R. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, S. Yadav, K. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yang, H. Yeung, H. Yin, X. Yin, C.Y. Yu, J. Yu, X. Yuan, Y Yuan, J.A. Zamora Saa, M. Zavertyaev, M. Zdybal, F. Zenesini, C. Zeng, M. Zeng, S.H Zeng, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, S.L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Zhao, A. Zhelezov, S.Z. Zheng, X.Z. Zheng, Y. Zheng, T. Zhou, X. Zhou, V. Zhovkovska, L.Z. Zhu, X. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zhu, V. Zhukov, J. Zhuo, D. Zuliani, G. Zunica

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

Planetesimal Formation Across the Stellar Mass Spectrum and its Influence on Exoplanet-Inherited Volatile Budgets

Joe Williams, Sebastiaan Krijt, Joanna Drążkowska et al. (+1 more)

Protoplanetary discs emerging from collapsing molecular clouds are capable of forming planetesimals at the water snowline during both the cloud collapse and Class II disc phases; such a scenario could be responsible for creating the carbonaceous/non-carbonaceous (CC/NC) heterogeneity observed in the Solar System, and bears important implications for emergent planetary compositions. We use 1D simulations of a viscously evolving disc coupled with cloud collapse and planetesimal formation to explore how planetesimal formation during disc build-up varies across the stellar mass spectrum. We find a keen sensitivity of planetesimal formation timing, location, and outcomes on stellar mass. Discs around all investigated stellar masses form planetesimals in the Class II phase, but only the disc around low-mass M-dwarfs ($M_{\star}=0.1 M_{\odot}$) fails to form them during the infall phase. There is also a clear chemical heterogeneity in planetesimal populations (water-wet and dry) in discs born from clouds of $M_{\rm{cloud}} \geq 0.3M_{\odot}$ . Discs around low-mass M-dwarfs form and undergo extremely fast pebble drift (t < 2 Myr), forming planetesimals well within the half-life of Aluminium-26. This leads to dehydrated planetesimals in all M-dwarf disc formation cases considered. We argue that the variation in disc evolution across stellar mass makes it hard to pinpoint a common t = 0 for all discs, and that exoplanets emerging from dehydrated planetesimals around low-mass M-dwarfs will be born volatile-poor - potentially explaining the lack of rocky world atmospheres seen by JWST.
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All authors Joe Williams, Sebastiaan Krijt, Joanna Drążkowska, Tim Lichtenberg

Quantum Physics

Identifying local unitary equivalence based on reduction of quantum states

Yanjun Chu, Chenyang Cui, Yuhang Xie et al. (+2 more)

Local unitary equivalence is central to entanglement quantification and classification. Identifying the local unitary equivalence remains a formidable challenge. We address this problem for a class of quantum states with one highly degenerate eigenvalue and the rest non-degenerate simple eigenvalues that are pivotal to structured resources in quantum resource theory. We introduce a “reduction" procedure that maps each state to a “reduced state" by nullifying the highest-multiplicity eigenvalue and prove that the local unitary equivalence of the original states is equivalent to that of their reduced counterparts. For the resulting pure or non-degenerate reduced states, we employ the existing invariants or fixed-point subgroup criteria to establish a complete discrimination framework, although the existing criteria can not directly identify the local unitary equivalence of the original states. We also verify the local unitary equivalence of two families of single-parameterized multipartite mixed states constructed by perturbing absolutely maximally entangled states from distinct combinatorial origins, demonstrating the efficacy and generality of our approach.
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All authors Yanjun Chu, Chenyang Cui, Yuhang Xie, Mengli Liu, Shao-Ming Fei

Quantum Physics

Dynamical redistribution of quantum resources in tree-level Bhabha scattering

Zan Cao, Meng-Long Song, Xue-Ke Song et al. (+2 more)

The fundamental interactions governed by quantum electrodynamics (QED) are intrinsically rich in quantum resources, yet how these resources dynamically redistribute during relativistic scattering is still not fully understood. In this work, we systematically investigate the tree-level Bhabha scattering process (e^- e^+ \rightarrow e^- e^+) within the framework of quantum resource theory, revealing how QED kinematics and Feynman amplitudes strictly dictate resource redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate a strict anti-correlation between entropic uncertainty and dynamically generated entanglement across diverse initial states. We find that mass-induced single-helicity-flip transitions cause a pronounced geometric symmetry breaking in the non-relativistic regime, whereas the restoration of chiral symmetry in the ultra-relativistic limit ensures strict symmetry about the backward scattering angle. Furthermore, we analytically establish a rigorous equivalence between local wave-particle duality and global bipartite quantum coherence. Finally, evaluating the trade-off between local duality and Bell nonlocality, we show that in the ultra-relativistic limit, transverse scattering of basic factorized states equalizes the s- and t-channel amplitudes to optimize non-local correlations. However, pre-existing local coherence inevitably disrupts this delicate kinematic balance, significantly suppressing the Bell parameter and preventing the maximal violation of local realism. Therefore, we believe the present results provide deeper understanding of the fundamental quantum nature of QED processes.
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All authors Zan Cao, Meng-Long Song, Xue-Ke Song, Liu Ye, Dong Wang

Astrophysics of Galaxies

Testing dark matter density profiles based on Padé approximants of different orders

Talgar Konysbayev, Orlando Luongo, Marco Muccino et al. (+5 more)

We investigate whether low-order Padé rational functions can be used as empirical density profiles for modeling dark matter halos from galaxy RCs. We introduce three parameterizations determined from Padé series, denoted Padé 02, Padé 12 and Padé 03, and compare them with pseudo-isothermal, Burkert, Beta, Brownstein, exponential-sphere and Persic models. The analysis is performed for eight galaxies under the assumption that RCs are dark matter dominated. The parameters are inferred from RC data and the relative statistical performance of the models is obtained through the Bayesian Information Criterion. We find that the Padé profiles perform well, being comparable with the other profiles, albeit not universally preferred. In most galaxies, conventional two parameter profiles provide fits of comparable or better statistical quality, whereas the clearest improvement occurs for one particular galaxy, where the Padé 03 profile gives the lowest BIC. Even though the Padé profiles are often statistically less strong than other models, they appear plausible in explaining the dark matter nature. Hence, their empirical construction can therefore be used to reconstruct RCs phenomenologically.
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All authors Talgar Konysbayev, Orlando Luongo, Marco Muccino, Yergali Kurmanov, Kuantay Boshkayev, Gulnara Suliyeva, Ainur Urazalina, Guldana Rabigulova

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Coherence-driven origin of metamagnetism in anisotropic heavy-fermion systems

Ewan Scott, Zheyu Wu, Theodore I. Weinberger et al. (+2 more)

A number of heavy-fermion materials exhibit magnetic field-induced metamagnetism: on applying a field along the magnetic hard axis, the magnetization first rises gradually, then jumps abruptly once a critical field is reached. Despite decades of phenomenological modeling, the microscopic origin of the pronounced magnetic anisotropy underlying this behavior has remained unresolved. The same is true of a related, long-standing puzzle: an anomalous maximum in the hard-axis susceptibility versus temperature. Both are complicated in $5f$ compounds by the dual localized-itinerant character of the relevant electrons. Here we develop an analytic $c$–$f$ theory of magnetic anisotropy in heavy-fermion metamagnets, identifying the mixed susceptibility $\chi_{\rm cf}(T,h,p)$ as a single thermodynamic observable that unifies the anisotropic response across temperature, field, and pressure. We test this theory against primary and literature data for the heavy-fermion superconductor UTe$_2$, finding excellent quantitative agreement in the temperature, field, and pressure evolution of its magnetic anisotropy – including a Kondo-coherence origin for the anomalous hard-axis susceptibility maximum, which we show is directly connected to the metamagnetic transition itself. Our results establish a general, microscopic, coherence-driven framework for anisotropic metamagnetism, applicable across the broad class of heavy-fermion compounds that display this phenomenology.
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All authors Ewan Scott, Zheyu Wu, Theodore I. Weinberger, Alexander G. Eaton, Michal P. Kwasigroch

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Microlensing Detection and Inference via Learned Bayes Factors

Nolan Smyth, Laurence Perreault-Levasseur and Yashar Hezaveh

We present a unified framework for gravitational microlensing event detection and parameter inference. Traditional pipelines use deterministic hard cuts on photometric statistics, systematically missing low-magnification events in the finite-source regime. We instead frame detection as Bayesian model comparison using Evidence Networks, which learn calibrated Bayes factors from binary-labeled simulations, and combine this with Neural Posterior Estimation (NPE) for amortized parameter inference. Both share a transformer encoder that handles irregularly-sampled time series without imputation. On simulated Roman Space Telescope data, our Evidence Network achieves $99.9\%$ detection efficiency with a false-positive rate below $6\times10^{-4}$ on simulated data with augmentation and noise, but no astrophysical confounders. Gains are most dramatic in the extreme finite-source regime ($\rho \gtrsim 5$), where detection rates reach ${\sim}95\%$ versus ${\sim}65\%$ for hard cuts, precisely the short-duration free-floating planet events most constraining for formation scenarios. Our NPE provides calibrated posteriors, working towards real-time analysis at survey scale.
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Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Can cosmic voids ease the Hubble tension? Local expansion in $w_0w_a$CDM

Tommaso Moretti, Noemi Frusciante and Giovanni Verza

We investigate the effect of local cosmic voids on low-redshift measurements of the Hubble rate in flat $w_0w_a$CDM cosmologies. Using a hydrodynamical model for isolated spherical inverse top-hat underdensities, we compute the void-induced Hubble shift as a function of redshift, enclosed density contrast $\delta_{\rm E}$ and cosmological parameters. We find that the effect is mainly controlled by the matter sector, through $\delta_{\rm E}$ and $\Omega_{\rm m,0}$, while dynamical dark energy gives only subdominant late-time corrections. For a Planck-calibrated $\Lambda$CDM background, matching the SH0ES value requires a present-day void with $\delta_{\rm E}(z=0)\simeq -0.44$, substantially deeper than the KBC-like local underdensity. A KBC-like void lowers the SH0ES-Planck discrepancy to about $2\sigma$, but is not deep enough to fully reconcile the two measurements. Allowing for dynamical dark energy, including regions motivated by recent DES and DESI analyses, changes this result only at the percent level. We also show that the reported redshift dependence of locally inferred $H_0$ values can be represented phenomenologically by an effective enclosed matter profile. This reconstruction should be interpreted as a consistency test of local-structure effects rather than as explanation for an evolving background value of $H_0$. Overall, local underdensities can affect low-redshift Hubble-rate inferences, but they do not resolve the Hubble tension within the spherical void setup considered here.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Evidence for longitudinally polarised $Z$ bosons in electroweak $W^{\pm}Z$ production in association with two jets from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration

Measurements of polarisation states of $W$ and $Z$ gauge bosons in electroweak $W^{\pm}Z$ production in association with two jets ($WZjj\mathrm{-EW}$) in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data set used corresponds to integrated luminosities of 140 fb$^{-1}$ and 164 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV, respectively, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The $W^{\pm}Z$ candidate events are reconstructed using leptonic decay modes of the gauge bosons into electrons and muons. The observed significance for the presence in data of $WZjj\mathrm{-EW}$ events containing a longitudinally polarised $Z$ boson is of 4.0 standard deviations. The measured fraction of such events, integrated over the fiducial region, is $f_{\mathrm{X0}} = 0.32 \pm 0.09$, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading-order in electroweak corrections. Upper limits at 95% confidence level of 0.19 and 0.12 are set on the fraction of events with a $W$ boson longitudinally polarised and on the fraction of events with the two bosons longitudinally polarised, respectively. The integrated fiducial cross-section per lepton flavour of $WZjj\mathrm{-EW}$ production at $\sqrt{s} = 13.6$ TeV is also measured to be $\sigma_{WZjj\mathrm{-EW} \rightarrow \ell^{'} \nu \ell \ell jj} = 0.374 \; \pm 0.077 (\mathrm{stat.}) \; \pm 0.053 (\mathrm{syst.}) \; \pm 0.009 (\mathrm{lumi.}) \; \mathrm{fb}$, where $\ell$ and $\ell^{'}$ are either an electron or a muon. This measurement is in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.
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Computational Physics · Cross-listed from math.NA

Mixed finite element discretization of intrinsic geometrically exact beams for multiplier-free multibody dynamics

Andrea Brugnoli, Philipp L. Kinon, Francesco Sanfedino et al. (+2 more)

The Reissner-Simo and Hodges models are two equivalent continuous descriptions of finite-strain beam dynamics. The Reissner-Simo formulation uses displacements and rotations, while the Hodges formulation is intrinsic and avoids both variables. Although equivalent in theory, the two approaches behave differently after discretization and offer distinct numerical advantages. In this work, we develop a structure-preserving discretization of the intrinsic planar beam formulation. Because the intrinsic equations involve linear differential operators, both kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions can be imposed naturally using mixed finite elements. The resulting formulation also enables multibody systems to be assembled without algebraic constraints, avoiding the stiff differential-algebraic equations typically introduced by kinematic constraints. We demonstrate the approach on different examples, also showing that closed kinematic loops can be modeled without algebraic constraints. The resulting interconnected systems retain a port-Hamiltonian structure, with all nonlinearities confined to the interconnection operator. This structure allows exact energy preservation when combined with implicit midpoint time integration. Furthermore the scheme appears to require less Newton iterations compared to existing energy preserving scheme.
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All authors Andrea Brugnoli, Philipp L. Kinon, Francesco Sanfedino, Peter Betsch, Olivier A. Bauchau

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Long-term performance of the MLR-TT sensor: two-photon polymerization validation in the telescope environment

Robert J. Harris, Philipp Hottinger, Jonathan Crass et al. (+2 more)

We report on the long-term optical performance of a two-photon polmerized microlens ring tip-tilt sensor. The study is backed by repeated measurements over the last six years, since the sensor was first tested in the sky at the Large Binocular Telescope. The goal of the study is to assess the feasibility of the underlying technology of two-photon polymerization for future instrumentation in the realistic environments experienced at astronomical telescopes.
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All authors Robert J. Harris, Philipp Hottinger, Jonathan Crass, Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich, Christian Koos

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks

Dynamical Criticality of a Machine-learning-assisted Monte Carlo algorithm for a Mean-Field Spin Glass model

Seiya Miyamoto, Masayuki Ohzeki and Yoshihiko Nishikawa

We critically assess the performance of an autoregressive generative neural network model by applying it to an antiferromagnetic Ising model on a random regular graph. We train the network on equilibrium configurations in the low-temperature spin-glass phase of the model and perform Monte Carlo simulations using spin configurations generated by the network. The relaxation time of the Monte Carlo simulations drastically decreases with increasing the size of the training dataset and converges to an optimal value. The dynamical exponent characterizing the growth of the optimal relaxation time as a function of the system size is slightly reduced compared to the local Monte Carlo dynamics. However, we find that the size of the training dataset to achieve the optimal performance grows much faster with the system size than the relaxation time, implying that the total training cost eventually hinders a practical use of the method at large system sizes.
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Nuclear Theory

Diffractive Two-Photon Exchange and Beam Normal-Spin Asymmetries for Elastic Electron Scattering on Nuclei

Volodymyr Tereshchuk and Andrei Afanasev

We developed a theoretical approach to elastic electron scattering on nuclei that includes a two-photon-exchange mechanism responsible for parity-conserving single-spin beam asymmetries. The two-photon-exchange amplitude at small scattering angles is treated in a diffractive framework similar to that of pion-nucleus elastic scattering applied to the nuclei $^{12}_{6}$C, $^{40}_{20}$Ca and $^{208}_{82}$Pb. The predicted kinematic features of the beam polarization asymmetries for different nuclei may reconcile Jefferson Lab's experimental results at finite scattering angles with a forward limit given by an optical theorem, potentially resolving the so-called “PREX Puzzle" for $^{208}_{82}$Pb.
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