Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Phase-dependent chemistry of WASP-43 b revealed with a suite of one-, two-, and three-dimensional models
Robin Baeyens, Julianne I. Moses, Jasmina Blecic et al. (+17 more)
Our goal is to investigate the chemistry of the hot Jupiter WASP-43 b in detail using theoretical models, considering the constraints of the James Webb Space
Telescope MIRI phase curve. With a suite of pseudo-two-dimensional and three-dimensional photochemical models, we simulate the composition of WASP-43 b in various configurations, and compare them with atmospheric
retrieval models. We confirm that disequilibrium chemistry in our theoretical models reduces the methane concentration on the
planet night side for wind jet speeds > 500 m/s. Varying the
metallicity in the models induces large changes in the CO$_2$ and SO$_2$ concentrations, with SO$_2$ producing mid-infrared absorption features in synthetic emission spectra of the night side at atmospheric
metallicities > 10x
solar. Our models provide evidence for pole-to-equator circulation enhancing the CH$_4$, NH$_3$, and HCN abundances, which is nonetheless insufficient for detectable spectral features. Finally, we show that H$_2$O, CO, and CO$_2$ are robustly modeled, but species affected by photochemistry are more sensitive to model-specific assumptions and pathways. We conclude that horizontal quenching is the
prime mechanism that explains the non-detection of methane in the MIRI phase-curve of WASP-43 b. This mechanism requires only moderate wind speeds and is operative at various thermal structures and atmospheric
metallicities. Furthermore, coupled carbon-sulfur chemistry leads to an additional decrease in methane compared to previous models in the literature that did not contain sulfur chemistry. We do not favor a high
metallicity as it would have led to observable SO$_2$ features in the MIRI spectra. Our study shows that phase-dependent photochemistry models are essential tools in the interpretation of hot-Jupiter phase curves, but benchmarking is needed to improve the accuracy of photochemical models in the future.
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All authors Robin Baeyens, Julianne I. Moses, Jasmina Blecic, Elspeth K. H. Lee, Lucas Teinturier, Shang-Min Tsai, Jeehyun Yang, Jingxuan Yang, Ludmila Carone, Renyu Hu, Sven Kiefer, Anjali A. A. Piette, Taylor J. Bell, Nicolas Crouzet, Ian Dobbs-Dixon, Christiane Helling, Nicolas Iro, Dominic Samra, Olivia Venot, Jean-Michel Désert
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
New features of the sea-surface slope distribution revealed by IASI observations: Directional properties, influence of the wave height, large wave tilts
Charles-Antoine Guérin, Virginie Capelle and Jean-Michel Hartmann
By analysis of the reflected
solar contribution to mid-infrared radiance spectra collected by the IASI instrument, we investigate the influences of both the wind and significant wave height on the wave-slope probability distribution function (PDF). We show that, at equal wind speed, smaller wave heights enhance the directional (upwind-downwind and upwind-crosswind) asymmetries of the probabilities. We also point out that the sea-surface mean square slopes slightly decrease as the wave height increases (by about $5\%$ per meter for winds slower than 6 m/s), an original result for which we propose possible causes (short-scale damping by long waves and/or effect of compounding statistical processes). We also investigate the so far practically unstudied case of steep slopes and find large deviations from the quasi Gaussian behavior of the central part of the PDF, with a quite universal exponential decay of the probabilities with increasing tilt. We here observe larger probabilities in the downwind direction, but similar values in the up- and cross-wind ones. The physical mechanisms responsible for these trends are discussed. Finally, we propose refined parametrizations of the mean square slope versus wind-speed, which departs from the Cox and Munk linear relationships at moderate wind speed (5-8 m/s).
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
Quantum corrections to the near-extremal thermodynamics of (warped) BTZ black holes
Emilie Despontin, Stéphane Detournay, Robinson Mancilla et al. (+1 more)
We study one-loop effects in the near-extremal thermodynamics of BTZ and warped BTZ black holes, with particular emphasis on the fate of eigenmodes that become zero modes in the extremal throat. Our analysis is formulated in three-dimensional Topologically Massive
Gravity, a higher derivative theory characterized by the presence of a gravitational Chern–Simons term, and it makes use of the Newman–Penrose formulation. For BTZ, we compare the near-horizon computation with the full-geometry
eigenvalue problem and identify how the Schwarzian and rotational sectors are lifted at small temperature. We then extend the same strategy to warped BTZ. We find that rotational modes are essential for a consistent near-extremal treatment of both BTZ and warped BTZ black holes, and cannot be discarded without first specifying the boundary conditions.
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All authors Emilie Despontin, Stéphane Detournay, Robinson Mancilla, Chiara Toldo
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Gram–Wishart–Stiefel formulation of the $N=2$, large–$d$ gauge theory in 1D: towards emergent Grassmannian geometry
Badis Ydri
We develop the Gram/Wishart/Stiefel formulation of the \(N=2\), large–\(d\) planar endpoint theory of
lattice BFSS/BMN
matrix quantum mechanics on the
lattice. The endpoint variables become rank–two Wishart
eigenvalues and relative Stiefel angles, expressing the holonomy invariants \(A\), \(B\), and \(R^2=A^2+B^2\) in radial and angular Gram data. The large-\(R\) aligned contribution \(-A\) is absorbed into the Gaussian sector, producing the shifted mass \((\alpha_\Lambda)_{\rm eff}=\alpha_\Lambda-1/2\). The exact \(O(2)\) angular integral encodes this sector in a rank–two Bessel kernel. The pure \(-A\) theory, exactly solvable in Cartesian variables, fixes the leading Bessel/HCIZ structure: its exponential selects
alignment, while its prefactor removes the spurious doubled Wishart
entropy. We then apply this structure to the transverse \(B\)-type expansion and its non-
polynomial toy completion. Finite
polynomial truncations lead to an apparent large–\(d\) perturbativity bound incompatible with the continuum limit, but this bound is shown to be an artifact of truncation. After summing the local transverse completion and balancing the compensating \(+A\) term, the Wishart saddle is recovered with the physical shifted mass. The resulting continuum behavior reproduces the universal \(-2d\) contribution of the \(D_\Lambda\)-channel, while the genuinely anisotropic \(\beta_\Lambda\)-channel lies outside the scope of a pure transverse \(B\)-type description. Finally, we outline the emergent Grassmannian geometry encoded by the two endpoint planes. Their relative angular fluctuations form a \(2(d-2)\)-dimensional sector, whose
entropy interpretation is developed in the sequel. For \(d\ge4\), the two planes generically span a relational four-dimensional subspace of \(\mathbb R^d\).
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Materials Science
Exciton valley depolarization in monolayer MoS2: non-Markovian quantum dynamics, intervalley scattering, and the breakdown of the Dyakonov-Perel mechanism
Yang-hao Chan, Jonah B. Haber, Mit H. Naik et al. (+2 more)
In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides,
exciton valley relaxation is typically attributed to the Dyakonov-Perel (DP) mechanism, where frequent intravalley scattering with
phonons or defects suppresses the intervalley exchange-induced precession and the role of intervalley scattering is considered secondary. Employing a first-principles nonequilibrium
exciton Green's function (NEGF) approach with the generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz (GKBA), which treats exchange-driven precession and
exciton-
phonon scattering on an equal footing across the full Brillouin zone, we demonstrate that even in the small momentum regime most favorable to DP physics, realistic
exciton-
phonon scattering is too weak to induce the motional narrowing that defines the DP regime. Upon accounting for
excitons across the entire Brillouin zone, large momentum intervalley scattering becomes the dominant pathway for valley relaxation, shortening the depolarization by a factor of 3-4 relative to intravalley-only models. We find that valley depolarization and decoherence time are approximately 50 fs at 300 K and lengthen to 130 fs at 10 K. By comparing our results with a Lindblad-type collision framework, we explicitly demonstrate the role of non-Markovian effects and reveal that the Markovian Lindblad framework is highly basis dependent. In the valley-pseudospin basis underlying prior analyses, the Lindblad approach artificially amplifies scattering-induced equilibration, biasing the dynamics toward a DP interpretation. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of valley relaxation, and establishes the
exciton density
matrix approach derived from NEGF+GKBA as a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast
exciton dynamics.
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All authors Yang-hao Chan, Jonah B. Haber, Mit H. Naik, Felipe H. da Jornada, Diana Y. Qiu
Nuclear Theory
Charge radii of calcium isotopes within relativistic configuration-interaction density functional theory
Teng Qu, Bo Li and Yakun Wang
The charge radii of calcium isotopes are investigated within the framework of relativistic configuration-interaction density functional (ReCD) theory. The ReCD theory microscopically incorporates beyond-mean-field correlations through rotational
symmetry restoration and configuration mixing among quasiparticle excited states, and treats even-even and odd-$A$ isotopes on the same footing. It is found that beyond-mean-field correlations significantly soften the potential energy surfaces of calcium isotopes and shift the energy minima from nearly spherical mean-field solutions to deformed shapes. The quadrupole deformation parameters predicted by the ReCD theory show much better agreement with the available experimental data than the mean-field results, supporting the reliability of the calculated potential energy surfaces and highlighting the important role of beyond-mean-field correlations. Owing to the sensitive dependence of charge radii on
nuclear deformation, the charge radii obtained within the ReCD framework are generally larger than the mean-field predictions. The nearly identical charge radii of $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, as well as the unexpectedly large charge radius of $^{52}\mathrm{Ca}$, are well reproduced. Compared with the mean-field calculations, the description of the odd-even staggering is improved, especially for the enhanced charge radii of $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$. It is also worth noting that secondary local minima appear in the ReCD-based potential energy surfaces of the odd-$A$ calcium isotopes $^{41,43,47}\mathrm{Ca}$. The present results suggest that shape mixing between different local minima, which is not fully included in the present calculation, may further improve the description of the pronounced odd-even staggering observed in calcium isotopes.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
AMFlow 2.0: significant algorithmic and software improvements for Feynman integral evaluation
Rui-Jun Huang, Xiao Liu and Yan-Qing Ma
We present significant improvements to the AMFlow package for the numerical computation of dimensionally regularized Feynman integrals. Several new features are introduced to reduce computational cost, including an alternative recursion mode, a high-performance differential equation solver, support for state-of-the-art integration-by-parts reducers and other useful improvements. We
benchmark the new version on a three-loop five-point
topology and find that both the symbolic and numerical performance are significantly improved.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons
The charge density fluctuations and the Shrinking Fermi Liquid scenario for strange metallicity in cuprates
Sergio Caprara, Sauri Bhattacharyya, Carlo Di Castro et al. (+3 more)
We interpret the strange metal (SM) properties of slightly overdoped cuprates in terms of the recently proposed Shrinking
Fermi Liquid theory. This is based on the pervading presence in the cuprate phase diagram of charge density fluctuations (CDF), which have been identified and characterized in RIXS. These fluctuations are abundant and have a low energy due to the proximity of the charge density wave
quantum critical point hidden under the superconducting dome of cuprates, but have a short range and non-critical character with a finite energy M/\gamma ~10 meV as measured above Tc. Here M~ \xi^-2 is determined by the short correlation length \xi, while \gamma encodes the Landau damping ruling the lifetime of the charge fluctuations. Besides these low energy CDF, cuprates also display
phonons and a broad continuum of particle-hole excitations, mostly due to
spin paramagnons arising from their strongly correlated character. With these experimentally characterized ingredients we show that above Tc the SM properties in transport are well described in terms of fermionic Landau quasiparticles scattering with CDF and
phonons. The optical properties can instead be interpreted by the combined effect of low energy CDF determining the temperature dependence, and of the paramagnon continuum determining a linear in frequency scattering rate. Remarkably, the combined effect of these simple ingredients also induces \omega/T scaling properties for frequencies larger than M/\gamma. When superconductivity is suppressed by strong
magnetic fields the SM properties extend down to a few Kelvin. By assuming that the CDF dissipation parameter \gamma grows logarithmically by lowering T, we account for all anomalous transport and thermodynamic properties of cuprates (specific heat, Seebeck, heat transport, resistivity, and magnetoresistance) thereby providing a consistent scenario for the SM phase of cuprates.
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All authors Sergio Caprara, Sauri Bhattacharyya, Carlo Di Castro, Giovanni Mirarchi, Götz Seibold, Marco Grilli
Superconductivity
Layer-resolved Electronic Structure and Correlation of Low-$n$ Square-planar Nickelates: A DFT+DMFT Prediction of Superconducting Candidates
Jian-Hong She, Rong-Qiang He and Zhong-Yi Lu
Multi-layer square-planar nickelates provide a rare platform in which the nominal Ni valence, dimensionality, and layer-resolved electronic structure can be tuned within the same structural family. Recent experiments have found superconductivity in $n=4$–8 $R_{n+1}Ni_nO_{2n+2}$ compounds, with the highest $T_c$ near $n=6$, whereas the more heavily hole-doped $n=3$ member remains nonsuperconducting. Here we propose spacer-layer Cl doping as a route to convert low-$n$ nickelates into superconducting candidates. Compared with changing the layer number $n$, Cl substitution on the spacer-layer oxygen sites offers a chemically natural way to continuously tune the Ni valence while leaving the NiO$_2$ planes largely intact; the lower-$n$ compounds may also be more accessible for synthesis. Using density functional theory combined with dynamical mean-field theory, we show that electron-compensated $n=2$ and $n=3$ La-based nickelates, targeted to the nominal Ni valence of superconducting $n=6$, develop Ni-$d$ correlations comparable to those of superconducting higher-$n$ compounds while preserving the characteristic low-energy Ni-$d$ electronic structure. These results suggest spacer-layer Cl doping as a promising strategy for designing low-$n$ square-planar nickelate
superconductors.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Charge carrier flow through trimmed graphene nanoribbon junctions
Julien Leuenberger, Kristiāns Čerņevičs and Oleg V. Yazyev
As Moore's law approaches its fundamental limits, the development of nanoelectronic devices using low-dimension materials has become a promising avenue for further miniaturization and performance improvements. Among the various novel materials,
graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as particularly attractive candidates due to their unique electronic properties, opening up a whole new nanoelectronics paradigm consisting of
circuits made entirely of
graphene. However, due to the technical constraints that naturally arise when working on a two-dimensional plane, the design of efficient nanoelectronic components with a minimal spatial footprint remains a significant challenge. In particular, connecting various components can be a real architectural challenge, comparable to that of the first printed
circuit boards. This paper investigates strategies for designing optimal-sized nanoribbon junctions which allow connecting GNRs at an angle, by trimming the junction edge while maintaining favorable electronic properties. Specifically, we show that the probability density current at the tip of junctions is negligible, implying that a selection of atoms can safely be removed without significantly altering the conductance. More generally, we demonstrate that larger trimmings have impacts on the conductance channels, resulting in a conductance that is mainly dictated by the ratio of armchair and zigzag edges. Finally, we propose a simple model relating this ratio to the conductance.
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Quantum Physics
Non-Hermitian topology driven by an identity term: An exactly solvable paradigm
Lingfang Li, Yating Wei, Yang Ruan et al. (+6 more)
An identity term in the
Hamiltonian is conventionally regarded as spectrally inert-it shifts energies but does not alter eigenstate
topology. We show that under non-Hermitian skin pumping, this paradigm fails: a momentum-dependent identity term actively deforms the generalized Brillouin zone, thereby challenging established topological criteria that rely on fixed complex contours. Here, by introducing
spin-orbit coupling into a Hatano-Nelson chain, we present an exact analytical solution for the entire non-Hermitian eigensystem under open boundary conditions. Our solution reveals how inter-
cell spin-orbit coupling, synergizing with this non-trivial identity term, induces topological edge states and robust zero modes in the complete absence of
chiral symmetry. This work establishes an exactly solvable paradigm for non-Hermitian
topology beyond
symmetry protection, and provides a rigorous
benchmark for testing topological invariants in systems with momentum-dependent identity terms.
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All authors Lingfang Li, Yating Wei, Yang Ruan, Gangzhou Wu, Jun Wang, Shihua Chen, Tong Lin, Ching Hua Lee, Zhenhua Ni
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Long-term speckle interferometric monitoring of binary systems II: 2007-2025 positional measurements and improvement of orbits
Arina Mitrofanova, Vladimir Dyachenko, Anatoly Beskakotov et al. (+4 more)
This article is focused on the analysis of observational data and improvement of orbital solutions of 8 objects. The listed objects are members of a sample of approximately 300 nearby (d < 100 pc) multiple systems compiled for long-term monitoring at the 6-meter
telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Speckle interferometric observations were carried out from 2007 to the present, which corresponds to 19 years of monitoring of the systems. Therefore, the new measurements are more numerous than or comparable to those in the literature, which makes it possible to make the observation series more complete. A long observation series made it possible to cover from 20% to 70% of the phases of the orbital periods of the objects under study. In combination with previously published data, the percentage of orbital coverage by measurements ranged from 45% to 85%. As a result, 4 orbits were classified as "definitive", one as "good", 2 as "reliable", and one as "preliminary" according to a grading scheme suggested by W.I. Hartkopf et al. Despite the high grades of the orbital solutions, it is recommended to continue monitoring (in particular, to obtain periastron observations) for HIP 1055, HIP 2532, HIP 15633, HIP 19472 and HIP 20751 in order to derive the final orbital parameters. It is not possible to obtain an accurate orbital solution for HIP 20227 due to measurements whose assigned weight strongly influences the period value, and for HIP 21710(Aa,Ab) due to the long orbital period (Porb > 200 yr) and, consequently, the lack of observational data. An analysis and comparison of the mass sums and masses of components obtained by two independent methods and based on several parallax values were also carried out. In most cases, the best agreement is found between fundamental parameters calculated using
Gaia parallaxes, if available.
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All authors Arina Mitrofanova, Vladimir Dyachenko, Anatoly Beskakotov, Alexander Maksimov, Margarita Butorina, Yuri Balega, Denis Rastegaev
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Search for strong lensing of gravitational waves in the binary black hole events from O1-O4a
Ankur Barsode, Koustav N. Maity and Parameswaran Ajith
A small fraction of the gravitational waves (GWs) currently observable by LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) may be strongly lensed by intervening
galaxies and
galaxy clusters, potentially producing multiple copies of the same signal. We search for lensed pairs of binary black hole signals detected during the O1-O4a observing runs. We include the events identified by the LVK Collaboration, as well as additional events found by external groups (IAS and OGC). Our search is based on Posterior Overlap 2.0, a fast and efficient
Bayesian model-selection pipeline to identify lensed candidates. The search is supplemented by realistic background and foreground simulations to characterize the robustness and detection efficiency of the pipeline, as well as the statistical significance of lensed candidates. We define new metrics to assess the statistical significance of
lensing both at the individual and population levels. Our work addresses some of the limitations of previous searches. With the probability of
lensing $<0.6\%$ for all pairs, we find no evidence for strong
lensing in the data and consequently place a $90\%$ upper bound on the
lensing fraction of $1.4\%$. With five out of the top nine lensed candidate pairs being from non-LVK catalogs, we also highlight the importance of searching among events reported by multiple GW catalogs. We forecast that the probabilities of making a $3\sigma$ detection in the fourth (O4), intermediate (IR1), and fifth (O5) observing runs are $\sim 20\%,\, 23\%$, and $67\%$, respectively.
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Space Physics
Photon Acceleration in Magnetized Plasma: A Mechanism for Fast Radio Bursts
Sergei V. Bulanov, Gabriele Maria Grittani, Marcel Lamac et al. (+7 more)
We propose a mechanism for fast
radio bursts based on
photon acceleration by relativistic shocks propagating through highly magnetized electron–positron
plasmas, as expected in magnetar magnetospheres. Density modulations at the shock front create relativistically moving refractive-index perturbations that transform low-frequency electromagnetic precursors into amplified high-frequency radiation. We show that the predicted frequencies, durations, and energetics of the resulting fast
radio bursts are consistent with the
magnetic-field strengths, shock Lorentz factors, and characteristic spatial scales expected in magnetar magnetospheres.
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All authors Sergei V. Bulanov, Gabriele Maria Grittani, Marcel Lamac, Petr Valenta, Stepan S. Bulanov, Timur Zh. Esirkepov, Gianluca Gregori, Brandon K. Russell, Alexander G. R. Thomas, Arno Vanthieghem
Quantum Physics
Optimizing and Certifying Multipartite Permutationally Invariant Bell Inequalities
Jin-Fu Chen, Mengyao Hu and Jordi Tura
Multipartite Bell nonlocality provides a device-independent probe of many-body
quantum correlations, but its characterization is limited by the rapid growth of the underlying classical and
quantum optimization problems. We develop a scalable method for constructing and certifying permutationally invariant Bell inequalities using only one- and two-body correlators. The construction gives families of inequalities with robust
quantum violations for general $m$ measurements as the number of parties $N$ becomes large. To improve robustness against noise, we optimize the ratio of the
quantum value to the classical bound for these families in the large-$N$ limit. We then certify the resulting
quantum violation using semidefinite programming. For the broad class of Bell inequalities studied here, the infinite-$N$ ratios take simple rational values for finite $m$ and converge to $\coth(1)$ as $m\to\infty$. The optimized inequalities efficiently detect many-body Bell nonlocality with collective measurements, with more measurement settings leading to stronger violations.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Electron-Ion Collision Environment: Distribution of Quark Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum
Sujit Jana, Ashutosh Dwibedi, Vikash Kumar Ojha et al. (+1 more)
The future Electron-Ion
Collider (EIC) will enable measurements of the same partonic distributions inside both the
proton and the
nucleus through electron-
proton (eP) and electron-ion (eA) collisions. This capability motivates the present theoretical study of the distributions of
quark spin and orbital angular momentum within the
proton and the
nucleus. To map the eP and eA collision environments, we employ the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model at finite
nuclear density to determine the constituent
quark masses at zero
nuclear density and near the
nuclear saturation density. Using these
quark mass inputs, we calculate the generalized transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) associated with
quark orbital angular momentum (OAM),
spin, and
spin-orbit correlations within the light-front dressed
quark model. Furthermore, inspired by the
nuclear suppression factor widely used in heavy-ion collision experiments, we introduce a set of GTMD ratios between eP and eA collisions. Any deviation of these ratios from unity provides an indirect measure of many-body
nuclear density effects arising from non-perturbative
quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
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All authors Sujit Jana, Ashutosh Dwibedi, Vikash Kumar Ojha, Sabyasachi Ghosh
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
HETDEX [OII] galaxies at $z \le 0.48$: Volume-limited samples and their power spectra
Jeongin Moon, Eiichiro Komatsu, Robin Ciardullo et al. (+15 more)
The catalog from the Hobby-Eberly
Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Public Data Release 1 (PDR1) contains half a million emission-line-selected [OII]
galaxies spread across $540~\mathrm{deg}^2$ at $z \le 0.48$ from HETDEX's unprecedented untargeted spectroscopic survey. In this paper, we construct volume-limited samples from PDR1 in three luminosity bins across the two main fields: "Spring” and "Fall”. The numbers of
galaxies in the bins range from 11,354 to 64,794 and number densities, $\bar{n}\simeq (2-5)\times10^{-3}~h^3~\mathrm{Mpc}^{-3}$, are higher than those of typical cosmological spectroscopic surveys of emission-line
galaxies by a factor of five to ten. The monopole and quadrupole power spectra derived from these samples are in excellent agreement with the mock power spectra from the Uchuu simulation based on a flat $\Lambda$CDM model and the cosmological parameters from the Planck
cosmic microwave background data, at all wavenumbers used for the measurement ($0.01<k<0.7~h~\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$). We find that the power spectrum amplitudes are consistent with a characteristic dark matter
halo mass of $\log(M_0~[h^{-1}M_{\odot}])\simeq 11.9$-$12.3$, with the
halo mass showing a weak dependence on [OII] luminosity, $M_0\propto L^a$, increasing with a slope of $a = 0.37\pm0.10$. The best-fit mock suggests that approximately 13 percent of the [OII]
galaxies in our sample reside in subhalos. The new, high-density tracers of the underlying matter distribution presented in this paper provide precise measurements of clustering in a low-
redshift regime sensitive to the late-time growth of structures. These samples will form the basis for forthcoming analyses of the
redshift-space distortion effect,
galaxy-
halo connection, and cross-correlations with external low-
redshift probes.
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All authors Jeongin Moon, Eiichiro Komatsu, Robin Ciardullo, Olivia Curtis, Dustin Davis, Daniel J. Farrow, Karl Gebhardt, Caryl Gronwall, Laura Herold, Gary J. Hill, Donghui Jeong, Chenxu Liu, Maja Lujan Niemeyer, Erin Mentuch Cooper, Shiro Mukae, Shun Saito, Ariel G. Sánchez, Donald P. Schneider
Superconductivity
Influence of electronic correlations on disorder-induced loop currents in high-Tc superconductors
Marius Paul and Götz Seibold
Time-reversal
symmetry breaking in superconducting systems can manifest itself in the form of currents which are induced by inhomogeneities in the charge and order parameter distribution. With regard to cuprates such states have been theoretically studied in the overdoped region of the phase diagram where the inhomogeneities are related to out-of plane dopants. In this paper we will extend previous work by including local correlations within the unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation in order to study its impact on the induced loop currents. In addition, we investigate the effect of next-nearest neighbor hopping which extends the TRSB phase towards half-filling. We find that in general correlations lead to a suppression of loop currents, however, the Gutzwiller approach can sustain such states to larger values of the local on-site repulsion as compared to the Hartree-Fock approximation. Our investigations allow for an estimation of the local
magnetic moment emerging from
impurity-induced loop currents for cuprate
superconductors.
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Quantum Physics
Exactly solved Schrödinger equations with time-dependent Hamiltonians
Michael Warnock, Antônio Francisco Neto, Pierre-Louis Giscard et al. (+2 more)
We present the analytical, exact, explicit, and assumption free formulas for the
evolution operators corresponding to four instances of time-dependent
Hamiltonians relevant to
quantum spin batteries including two
stochastic cases. We demonstrate how to recover and go beyond existing expansions and approximations directly from the exact solutions giving, for example, an explicit exact formula for Floquet
Hamiltonians at all orders. The exact solutions are obtained through a completely novel combination of three mathematical techniques, the $\star$-
algebra, path-sums and Omega calculus, which we briefly overview. These are widely applicable to other non-autonomous differential systems.
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All authors Michael Warnock, Antônio Francisco Neto, Pierre-Louis Giscard, Omid Faizy, Christian Joachim
Quantum Physics
Simulation of exchange coupling effects in double quantum dot FinFET-like structures
Ilan Bouquet, Alexander Maeder and Mathieu Luisier
By leveraging a GPU-accelerated Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) solver, we characterize exchange coupling in a hole
spin double-
qubit device involving a double
quantum dot (DQD) system formed inside a 5-gate silicon fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) similar to real experimental structures. The self-consistent SP simulations rely on a finite difference discretization of the 3D volume and on a Luttinger-Kohn 6x6 kp
Hamiltonian accounting for
magnetic fields and strain distribution. They return the gate-induced confined electronic states and the corresponding electrostatic potential hosting the DQD. These quantities serve as inputs to a two-particle
Hamiltonian that is constructed from single-particle Slater determinants through the configuration interaction (CI) method. By diagonalizing this two-particle
Hamiltonian, the eigenstates and eigenenergies of the DQD system are obtained, together with their exchange coupling. We show that our simulation framework, using a reduced number of basis states, is capable of reproducing the magneto-electrostatic behavior of the devices of interest, as predicted from theory and observed experimentally. We finally leverage our approach to determine the optimal operating conditions of a two-
qubit quantum logic gate implemented in a Si FinFET structure.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Contours for LISA
Kai Schmitz and Joseph D. Romano
The
Laser Interferometer Space
Antenna (LISA) will search for a
stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background at millihertz frequencies, from both astrophysical and cosmological sources, and thereby open a new chapter in GW astronomy. In the literature, LISA's sensitivity to prospective GW background (GWB) signals is often quantified in terms of an expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assuming perfect knowledge of the detector noise. The commonly employed expression for the SNR is, however, valid only in the limit of a weak GWB signal, which renders a large number of SNR values reported in the literature inaccurate. In this paper, we address this issue by deriving for the first time an expression for the expected optimal SNR of a LISA auto-correlation measurement that is valid at arbitrary signal strength. Based on our generalized expression, we conclude that LISA data worth an observing time of T_obs across the frequency band from f_min to f_max will never yield an SNR in excess of SNR_max = sqrt(T_obs(f_max-f_min)), which evaluates to SNR_max <~ 10^4 for typical mission parameters. We illustrate our findings in terms of generalized power-law-integrated (PLI) sensitivity curves at different SNR levels, i.e., LISA SNR contour lines in plots of the GW energy-density power spectrum. In contrast to earlier work on PLI sensitivity curves, we notably find that the LISA SNR contours are bounded from above, approximately by the LISA strain noise curve multiplied by a factor of Euler's number e. For GWB signals not much weaker than this range, the expected SNR for a LISA auto-correlation measurement needs to be evaluated based on our new expression. Our numerical results for the LISA SNR contours are available on Zenodo [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21275527].
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Materials Science
Quantum weight and low-loss EELS signatures of Wannier quantum geometry in black phosphorus
Vinayak M. Kulkarni and Sharona Horta
Quantum geometry is now experimentally accessible in crystalline solids, with black phosphorus providing a key platform through polarization-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We develop a first-principles framework that connects the momentum-resolved
quantum metric of black phosphorus to a complementary bulk observable: the direction-resolved
quantum weight measurable through low-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). A 32-band DFT–Wannier
Hamiltonian is used to compute both single-band and occupied-
manifold geometric quantities from analytic momentum derivatives. We show that the raw single-band
quantum metric of the top valence band is not globally meaningful in the conventional
cell because folding degeneracies and intra-valence near degeneracies produce true isolated-band singularities; masked maps and occupied-
manifold projectors are therefore essential. Because semilocal PBE produces near-gap semimetallic pockets and spurious subgap interpolation features, we introduce an experimentally motivated restricted
quantum weight $K_{ii}(\omega_c)$, which obeys the corresponding restricted Souza–Wilkens–Martin sum rule and is the appropriate quantity for low-loss EELS once the zero-loss region is excluded. The restricted in-plane
quantum weight is nearly isotropic, $K_{zz}/K_{xx}=0.972\pm0.005$ (armchair/zigzag), despite the strong band-mass anisotropy and armchair-only absorption onset of black phosphorus. Orbital-resolved Hubbard–Hartree corrections leave the absolute
quantum weights rigid at the sub-percent level while producing a small but resolved armchair-directed drift of $K_{zz}/K_{xx}$, approximately $+0.46\%$ per eV of $U$. These results identify low-loss EELS spectral moments as a practical probe of integrated
quantum geometry in an anisotropic layered material.
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Quantum Physics
Global Precision Limits in Critical Quantum Metrology: From Cramér-Rao to Ziv-Zakai
Neng Zeng, Tao Liu and Yu-Ran Zhang
Critical
quantum metrology with
equilibrium states predicts
quantum-enhanced sensitivity only in the vicinity of criticality, where large prior information about the parameter is required. By employing
quantum Ziv-Zakai bounds, we derive a limit on the mean-square error in critical
quantum metrology. For second-order
quantum phase transitions, we show that the precision predicted by the Cramér-Rao bound offers no substantial improvement over the prior standard deviation. Thus, the critical
quantum sensor's precision can only achieve a constant gain compared to the prior standard deviation, even without performing any measurement. We elucidate the fundamental limitation on the achievable precision in critical
quantum metrology in the context of local sensing, even without considering state-preparation costs or noise. Thus, the super-Heisenberg-limited sensitivity at criticality arises from precise prior knowledge rather than a genuine gain due to criticality. Our work provides a practical framework for assessing critical
quantum metrology and a routine for studying
quantum sensing with many-body systems.
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Optics
Doubly resonant enhancement of second-harmonic generation with in-plane phase matching in plasmonic metasurfaces on an AlInP slab waveguide
Timo Stolt, Huayu Bai, Seyed Ahmad Shahahmadi et al. (+3 more)
Nonlinear metasurfaces have attracted significant interest by offering the possibility to circumvent conventional phase-matching requirements of bulk nonlinear
crystals, opening the way to efficient frequency conversion over ultrashort propagation distances. Here, we experimentally demonstrate metasurfaces in which second-harmonic generation is strongly enhanced by in-plane phase matching of high-Q guided-mode resonances. To achieve this enhancement, we use hybrid metasurfaces composed of periodic arrays of gold nanodiscs on a slab waveguide made of aluminum indium phosphide (AlInP) - a low-loss epitaxial III-V
semiconductor material. The metasurfaces are found to exhibit guided-mode resonances with Q factors exceeding 400 and 900 at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, respectively, demonstrating the unique capabilities of hybrid metal-dielectric structures to support high-Q resonances despite the presence of lossy plasmonic components. Moreover, our frequency and momentum-resolved measurements demonstrate a two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement of second-harmonic generation at doubly resonant conditions. We reproduce the experimental results using numerical simulations, showing that the in-plane phase matching and spatial mode overlap are the main factors governing the enhancement. Our findings demonstrate a promising strategy to realize efficient metasurface-based frequency converters, enabling their potential applications in compact photonic systems.
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All authors Timo Stolt, Huayu Bai, Seyed Ahmad Shahahmadi, Jani Oksanen, Andriy Shevchenko, Radoslaw Kolkowski
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Gauge-Invariant Off-Shell Mass
Kang-Sin Choi and Hyeseon Im
We define a gauge-invariant and renormalized off-shell mass function in
quantum field theory. The conventional self-energy is gauge-dependent off-shell. We generalize the self-energy, together with the corresponding vertex function, to be gauge-invariant and process-independent. To do this, we extend the pinch technique to an arbitrarily long
fermion line. The Ward-Takahashi identity acting locally at each vertex cancels the gauge-dependent piece exactly, leaving the Feynman-gauge self-energy. On-shell renormalization then yields a mass function that is gauge-invariant, scheme-independent and equal to the physical mass at the pole; the same self-energy also yields an infrared-finite scalar mass function directly comparable with Schwinger-Dyson and
lattice determinations. The cancellation is local to the internal
fermion line and holds entirely off-shell, so the self-energy is well-defined on each internal segment of an amplitude with arbitrarily many external
photons; we demonstrate this explicitly by computing the minimal off-shell Compton amplitude.
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Quantum Physics
Quantum and Classical Potts Criticality in Driven-Dissipative Bosonic Lattices
Jacopo Tosca, Zejian Li and Cristiano Ciuti
The emergence of
equilibrium universality from intrinsically nonequilibrium dynamics is a fundamental open problem. Bose-Hubbard
lattices realized in photonic and
circuit-QED platforms provide a versatile setting to engineer nonlinear interactions, dissipation, and multiphoton processes. Here we investigate a Bose-Hubbard
lattice subject to three-
photon parametric driving, whose nonequilibrium steady state spontaneously breaks a $\mathbb Z_3$
symmetry and realizes the criticality of the three-state Potts model, a three-state generalization of the Ising model. Using a variational phase-space approach with systematically controllable accuracy based on a Variational Multi-Gaussian ansatz, we perform finite-size scaling analyses in one and two spatial dimensions. We find that, in two-dimensional
lattices with single-
photon losses, the nonequilibrium steady-state transition belongs to the universality class of the 2D classical three-state Potts model. In contrast, in one-dimensional
lattices with three-
photon losses, the transition is governed by the one-dimensional
quantum three-state Potts universality class. These results establish driven-dissipative bosonic
lattices as a platform for emergent Potts criticality and identify multiphoton dissipation as a mechanism that promotes nonequilibrium critical behavior from classical to
quantum universality classes.
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Exploring the effect of mixing in Low-Luminosity Type IIp Supernovae by modeling SN 2024abfl
Akshith Karri, Abigail Polin and Paul Duffell
Low-luminosity Type IIp
supernovae (LLSNe) are SN IIps with peak magnitudes > -15.5 and plateau magnitudes between -13.5 and -15.5 in the V band. SN 2024abfl is an LLSN with a unique light curve, particularly the steep drop in luminosity observed after the plateau phase makes it an interesting candidate for modeling core-collapse
supernova mechanisms. Using a custom pipeline involving MESA and STELLA, we investigate the possibility of suppressed ejecta mixing as a cause of the steep drop-off from the plateau phase. We find that turning off mixing mechanisms during shock breakout can mimic the distinct flat plateau and steep luminosity drop into the radioactive tail of the light curve while using previously proposed progenitor mass, radius and explosion energy parameters. Using these results as a proof-of-concept, exploring the effects of limited mixing in LLSNe candidates could give us better insight into how they differ from Typical Type IIp SNe.
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Atomic Physics
Fourier imaging of collective spontaneous emission modes in superradiant cold atomic clouds
Adrien Gavalda, Guillaume Tremblier, Martin Poitrinal et al. (+3 more)
We measure the spatial pattern associated with the superradiant emission from a cloud of cold 87Rb atoms using
Fourier imaging. We observe a highly directional, ring-shaped emission structure, which corresponds to a single collective jump operator associated to the most superradiant mode of the ensemble. Using spatial filtering, we isolate this channel and find the typical superradiant burst with superlinear scaling of the intensity with atom number. We compare our results to two models that describe the competition between the various decay channels, finding good agreement. Our work shows that the collective jump operators introduced by Carmichael et al. [Optics Communications 179, 417 (2000)] can be measured and manipulated.
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All authors Adrien Gavalda, Guillaume Tremblier, Martin Poitrinal, Sara Pancaldi, Antoine Browaeys, Igor Ferrier-Barbut
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Effects of low resolution on the column density PDF of molecular clouds
Yuping Tang, Q. Daniel Wang, Grant W. Wilson et al. (+2 more)
Observational resolution significantly impacts the interpretation of column density probability distribution functions (N-PDFs) in molecular clouds, which are essential for understanding turbulent structures and
star formation processes. This study quantifies how low spatial resolution truncates the high-density power-law tails of N-PDFs by simulating distant observations (2-10 kpc) of 17 local massive molecular clouds/regions using Herschel-based column density maps. We propose a parameter-free model, assuming proportional
embedding of dense regions within lower-density gas, to predict the truncation column density where the survival function equals the beam-to-threshold area ratio. Comparisons with simulations show good agreement, with deviations up to 0.3 dex attributed to cloud multiplicity in large complexes and flatter power-law tails in coherent structures. Characteristic cloud scales, derived from Delta-variance spectra, indicate that global smearing dominates when beam sizes exceed these scales. We further develop a reverse method to recover the intrinsic high-density tail from low-resolution data. Our findings link N-PDF shapes to morphologies, suggesting that feedback-compressed extended structures resist smearing, while multiplicity accelerates truncation. These insights caution against biases in N-PDF decompositions and provide a framework for correcting resolution effects in distant cloud studies, enhancing constraints on
star formation theories.
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All authors Yuping Tang, Q. Daniel Wang, Grant W. Wilson, Xing Lu, Jinhua He
Atomic Physics
Efficient photo-ionizing elimination of detrimental electric fields for Rydberg atoms
Zhou-Chen Deng, Hao-Nan Lin, Yu-Cheng Duan et al. (+10 more)
Rydberg atoms are highly sensitive to external electric fields due to their exaggerated electronic properties. This unique feature underpins many of their applications in
quantum science. However, uncontrolled stray electric fields can be detrimental, severely degrading
quantum control. In this work, we demonstrate a novel scheme that efficiently creates an in-
vacuum charge source by photo-ionizing
laser-cooled atoms and eliminates detrimental electric fields in a Rydberg-atom tweezer array platform, using only readily available resources. With this method, we began with Stark-ionized Rydberg continuum spectra caused by a large, unknown stray electric field of more than $10~\mathrm{V/cm}$ and ultimately recovered well-resolved coherent excitation of individual Rydberg states after eliminating the residual field to an upper limit of $20(1)~\mathrm{mV/cm}$. Our method applies directly to existing Rydberg-atom platforms and other experiments sensitive to stray electric fields.
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All authors Zhou-Chen Deng, Hao-Nan Lin, Yu-Cheng Duan, Qi Zhang, Xiang-Can Cheng, Yang Liu, Zhao-Yang Yuan, Jie Li, Peng Liu, Zhan Wu, Chao-Yang Lu, Jun Rui, Jian-Wei Pan