Statistical Mechanics
On the emergence of quantum many-body chaos for tunably-broken integrability
Sounak Biswas, Sthitadhi Roy and Roderich Moessner
We develop a quantitative theory for the emergence of
quantum many-body chaos as integrability is broken via a tunable parameter. In a
circuit model of free
fermions, 'doped' with a tunable density of integrability-breaking gates, we uncover the microscopic mechanisms underpinning the crossover from early-time integrable behaviour to late-time chaos through the lens of the out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs). The integrability-breaking gates act as local, in spacetime, hotspots which locally amplify the OTOCs such that an accumulation of them eventually leads to fully-developed chaos. We identify the explicit characteristic time and length scales governing this crossover, as well as the dependence of the chaotic OTOC characteristics – such as the butterfly velocity and front broadening – on the integrability-breaking parameter.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era
Simone Biondini and Philipp Schicho
Motivated by the recent evidence for a
stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background reported by
pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, we perform a precision study of low-scale phase transitions in a dark Abelian
Higgs sector, a minimal gauge theory of spontaneous
symmetry breaking relevant for cosmological phase transitions. Using dimensionally reduced high-temperature effective field theory, we quantify the impact of thermal resummation, higher-order matching corrections, and higher-dimensional operators on the phase-transition thermodynamics and the resulting GW signal. We find that the parameter region favored by current PTA observations lies close to the boundary of validity of the effective field theory, where higher-dimensional operators become increasingly important. Even within this controlled region, the predicted signal remains disfavored by the PTA data, despite the substantial shifts induced by higher-order thermal corrections. We further delineate parameter regions where the dark and visible sectors are thermally and hydrodynamically coupled or decoupled, and revisit the dark matter phenomenology, identifying asymmetric freeze-out as naturally compatible with both the observed relic abundance and the gauge couplings favored by strong phase transitions. Our results underscore the importance of systematically controlled finite-temperature calculations for reliable GW predictions from low-scale cosmological phase transitions.
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Chemical Physics · Cross-listed from cs.LG
Beyond Adam: SOAP and Muon for Faster, Label-Efficient Training of Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials
Gil Harari, Yoel Zimmermann, Ola Tangen Kulseng et al. (+4 more)
Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have become a hallmark of AI for scientific simulation. While efforts on new architectures and
datasets have led to increasingly accurate and general models, the choice of optimizer for training has largely remained unexplored, defaulting to Adam and its variants in the community. Here, we implement and systematically compare a class of recently proposed
matrix-structured optimizers, including
Muon, SOAP, and the hybrid SOAP-
Muon, for training NequIP and Allegro MLIP models. We find that these optimizers can substantially outperform Adam in both convergence speed and final accuracy. SOAP and SOAP-
Muon emerge as robust and consistently strong methods, while
Muon only provides partial gains relative to Adam. The improvements are particularly pronounced under partial force supervision. Our results indicate that optimizer choice is an overlooked yet impactful design axis for MLIPs.
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All authors Gil Harari, Yoel Zimmermann, Ola Tangen Kulseng, Laura Zichi, Chuin Wei Tan, Marc L. Descoteaux, Boris Kozinsky
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Alleviating prior dependencies for DESI DR1 clustering fits through reparameterization
Marco Bonici, Simone Paradiso, Glenn McGee et al. (+48 more)
Bayesian analyses of the full-shape clustering of Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1) exhibit prior-volume projection effects, whereby weakly constrained nuisance parameters of the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure (EFTofLSS) shift marginalized cosmological posteriors away from the posterior maximum. We reanalyze DESI DR1 power spectrum multipoles using two complementary mitigation strategies: (i) nonlinear orthogonalization to decorrelate nuisance and cosmological parameter priors, and (ii) a fully reparameterization-invariant Jeffreys prior over all EFTofLSS coefficients, evaluated on-the-fly via closed-form Jacobians. Including data from DESI, Big-Bang Nuclesynthesis and a constraint on $n_{\mathrm{s}}$, baseline priors lead to multi-$\sigma$ projection in the Hubble parameter $H_{0}$ and dark energy equation of state parameters $w_{0}$ and $w_{a}$; the Jeffreys prior successfully recenters these posteriors to enclose the maximum a posteriori estimate within the 68% credible regions, demonstrating clear mitigation of projection effects for these late-time expansion parameters. A hybrid Jeffreys+baseline-Gaussian configuration controls residual over-broad tails in the physical cold dark matter density $\omega_{\mathrm{c}}$ while preserving the volume correction, and is our favoured approach. We compare the credible intervals derived using our methodology to those obtained using
Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD)-informed priors and to confidence intervals derived using frequentist profile likelihood analyses, finding agreement in both central values and degeneracy directions in the $w_{0}$–$w_{a}$ plane. This demonstrates that, once projection effects are properly controlled, we can make robust inferences about the late-time cosmological expansion independent of the statistical framework adopted.
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All authors Marco Bonici, Simone Paradiso, Glenn McGee, Guido D'Amico, Minas Karamanis, Hanyu Zhang, Will Percival, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, Davide Bianchi, David Brooks, Francisco Javier Castander, Todd Claybaugh, Axel de la Macorra, Biprateep Dey, Peter Doel, Simone Ferraro, Andreu Font-Ribera, Jaime E. Forero-Romero, Enrique Gaztañaga, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Gaston Gutierrez, ChangHoon Hahn, Klaus Honscheid, Mustapha Ishak, Dick Joyce, Robert Kehoe, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Ofer Lahav, Claire Lamman, Martin Landriau, Laurent Le Guillou, Marc Manera, Aaron Meisner, Ramon Miquél, Gustavo Niz, Francisco Prada, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Graziano Rossi, Lado Samushia, Eusebio Sanchez, Edward Schlafly, David Schlegel, Joseph Harry Silber, David Sprayberry, Gregory Tarlé, Mariana Vargas Magana, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Pauline Zarrouk, Hu Zou
High Energy Physics (Theory)
BRST-BV approach to fields in Poincare patch of AdS
R.R. Metsaev
We use the Poincare parametrization of AdS space to develop a general BRST-BV approach for free fields. A general expression for the BRST-BV Lagrangian of fields with arbitrary masses and
symmetry types is obtained. We apply this general framework to study totally symmetric massless, massive, and partially-massless fields with arbitrary integer
spin and a continuous-
spin field. For these fields, the constrained and unconstrained BRST-BV formulations are developed. We investigate both irreducible and reducible fields. In addition, we demonstrate the matching between the obtained BRST-BV Lagrangian and the metric-like Lagrangian formulated in terms of the modified de Donder derivative. Finally, a realization of AdS space
symmetries is obtained within the space of fields and antifields entering the BRST-BV formulation. Modulo the choice of the Poincare parametrization of AdS space, the Lagrangian and the entire approach are manifestly Lorentz invariant.
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Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The Debris Disk Host $\beta$ Piscis Austrinus is a Rapidly Rotating Star Seen Nearly Pole-On
Colin Kane, Russel White, Jeremy Jones et al. (+6 more)
Previous studies of $\beta$ Piscis Austrinus (PsA) have speculated that the narrow and saddle-like shapes of some of its weak metallic lines are a consequence of it being a rapidly rotating
star viewed nearly pole-on. Here we use the fastrot-spec spectral synthesis code to model high-dispersion (R = 115,000) HARPS spectra of $\beta$ PsA in order to determine its inclination and photospheric properties, with additional constraints on the surface temperature set by measures of Fe II/Fe I line ratios. The analysis confirms that $\beta$ PsA is oriented nearly pole-on ($i = 4.75^{+0.75}_{-0.50}$$^o$) and experiences substantial
gravity darkening caused by its rapid rotation ($\Omega/\Omega_{crit}=0.93\pm0.17$). $\beta$ PsA has a polar temperature of $10300^{+200}_{-250}$ K that is 24% hotter than its equatorial temperature ($8275^{+317}_{-400}$ K). This results in its apparent luminosity being 48% larger than its actual luminosity of 26.2$^{+1.9}_{-2.4}$ L$_\odot$. When this methodology is applied to high-dispersion spectra of the
star Vega, the analysis determines a nearly pole-on orientation that is consistent with interferometric measurements, validating the technique. Based on comparisons with PARSEC evolutionary models of
stars rotating at similar velocities, $\beta$ PsA has a mass of $2.20\pm0.03$ M$_{\odot}$ and an age of $141^{+113}_{-49}$ Myr; this age is consistent with the age inferred for its G5V companion
star, CD-32 17127, based on lithium depletion models. The analysis demonstrates the potential for both identifying and determining the
stellar properties of rapidly rotating
stars viewed nearly pole-on via spectroscopy alone.
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All authors Colin Kane, Russel White, Jeremy Jones, Benjamin Montesinos, Sebastian Carrazco-Gaxiola, Tim Johns, Aman Kar, Wei-Chun Jao, Todd Henry
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Identifying $\Sigma(1380)$ and $\Sigma(1430)$ in the $J/\psi \to \Lambda \pi \bar{\Sigma}$ reaction
Wen-Tao Lyu, Eulogio Oset, De-Min Li et al. (+1 more)
We study the $J/\psi \to \Lambda \pi \bar{\Sigma}$ reaction by looking at the $\pi^+ \Lambda$ mass distribution at low energies, in search of signals for the low lying $\Sigma^+$ excited states. Apart from a clear signal of the $\Sigma(1385) (3/2^+)$ state, we find a smaller peak for the predicted $\Sigma(1430) (1/2^-)$, which has already been confirmed by the Belle Collaboration. A first analysis, considering only the $\pi\Lambda$ interaction, shows that the low energy part of the spectrum is better reproduced including contributions from the $\Sigma(1430)$ and the predicted $\Sigma(1380)(1/2^-)$ state that has been claimed before from analyses of different experiments. However, when we consider the $\pi\bar{\Sigma}$ interaction the need for the $\Sigma(1380)$ disappears.
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All authors Wen-Tao Lyu, Eulogio Oset, De-Min Li, En Wang
Quantum Physics
Automated logical Clifford gadgets for heterogeneous architectures via chain maps
Asmae Benhemou and Noah Berthusen
Transversal CNOTs are ubiquitous for entangling logical
qubits of identical CSS codes pairwise. For distinct codes, the options are much more limited, and are typically known only for structurally related code families. We introduce an automated framework for synthesising inter-code logical CNOT
circuits between arbitrary CSS codes using chain maps. Given a prescribed bipartite logical CNOT network between these codes, our method constructs the affine space of chain maps realising the desired logical action, and then searches this space for shallow and sparse physical
circuit candidates. We
benchmark this method on a range of heterogeneous CSS code pairs, recovering known transversal constructions, and finding new low-depth solutions, including distance-preserving and partially distance-preserving examples, which we demonstrate can be promoted to the full code distance using additional flag measurements. We discuss applications to code switching, magic-state injection, Pauli product measurements, and operations on concatenated codes, where bespoke chain maps offer favourable spacetime tradeoffs for logical interfaces tailored to heterogeneous architectures. Finally, we show how our framework straightforwardly extends to targeted logical CZ gates.
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Quantum Physics
Symmetries of Pauli Noise from Lindbladian Dynamics
Moein Malekakhlagh, Edward H. Chen, Luke C. G. Govia et al. (+1 more)
Characterizing noise in
quantum circuits is fundamentally limited by gauge degrees of freedom; certain parameters, such as the individual contributions of state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors, are in principle unlearnable from any experiment within the gate set. Here, we show that the physical structure of realistic noise processes imposes approximate
symmetry constraints on the Pauli fidelities of gate noise channels. These
symmetries relate the fidelity of a Pauli $P$ and its gate-conjugate $U_g P U_g ^{\dagger}$, and can be used to fix the gauge using only knowledge of the error type and not its magnitude. Using Lindbladian perturbation theory, we analyze a broad class of Clifford gates, including $ZZ_{\pi/2}$, CZ, CNOT, iSWAP, and SWAP, and demonstrate that coherent errors do not induce first-order asymmetry, while only a restricted set of predominantly off-diagonal dissipative errors can break the
symmetry at first order, for which we derive simple selection rules. Notably, common single-
qubit noise sources such as $T_1$-relaxation and $T_{2\phi}$-pure-dephasing can only cause asymmetry at second order. Leveraging these
symmetries to fix the gauge enables systematic identification of SPAM errors, simplifying error characterization and mitigation. We validate our results numerically and experimentally on IBM Kingston.
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All authors Moein Malekakhlagh, Edward H. Chen, Luke C. G. Govia, Alireza Seif
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The Merger-Driven Origin of the Vast Extended Stellar Disc Around the Andromeda Galaxy
C. Tsakonas, M. Arnaboldi, F. Hammer et al. (+4 more)
The closest
giant spiral, the Andromeda
galaxy (M31), shows compelling evidence for a recent, gas-rich major merger event. Pronounced substructures in its inner
halo and a kinematically hot
stellar disc, whose
star formation history shows a widespread
star formation episode 2.5 Gyr ago, are telltale evidence that may be directly linked to a major (mass ratio 1 to 4) merger event that took place 2-4 Gyr ago. Spectroscopy of resolved
giant stars in the remote outskirts of M31's disc revealed a vast extended structure that rotates with a circular velocity close to the HI gas. In addition, the spatial distribution and significant prograde rotation of two distinct, compact groups of globular clusters (GCs) in the disc outskirts are unusual for typical inner
halo GCs. We employ an available N-body hydrodynamical simulation of a major merger that reproduces the morphology of the inner
halo substructures, the age-velocity dispersion relation, and the
star formation history in the disc. We compare model particles with resolved tracers in the M31 disc. To examine the
evolution of the progenitor M31 disc – that appears to get stretched, distorted, and warped due to the gravitational perturbation inflicted by the major merger – we investigate the properties of the pre- versus post-merger discs of the simulated analog. The merger transforms the disc of the progenitor
galaxy, which becomes kinematically hot and asymmetric. In addition, the post-merger disc gets stretched by almost a factor of 2, and its extent spans distances greater than 40 kpc. The
stellar warp in populations older than 2 Gyr is characterized by a monotonic decrease of inclination with radius, with the outer
stellar distribution appearing less edge-on at larger
galactic radii. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the
evolution of the
giant disc of M31, the closest merger-inflicted massive
galaxy.
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All authors C. Tsakonas, M. Arnaboldi, F. Hammer, Y. Yang, O. Gerhard, A. Burkert, D. Hatzidimitriou
Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.PR
Mixing times of spin systems on dynamical percolation
Alexandre Stauffer and Oskar Vavtar
We study the mixing times of
stochastic spin systems corresponding to nearest-neighbour Glauber dynamics on dynamical percolation, defined on $d$-dimensional
torus of side-length $N$. In this model, the status of each edge (open or closed) updates independently at rate $\lambda>0$, according to $\mathrm{Ber}(p)$ samples. Simultaneously, the
spin of each site updates at rate $1$ according to Glauber dynamics on the environment restricted to open edges. We show that for a relatively general class of nearest-neighbour systems, as long as $p<p_c(d)$, for any temperature, if $\lambda$ is sufficiently small, the mixing time is of order $\frac{\log N}{\lambda}$. This Markov chain is non-reversible, and the proof is obtained by developing a particular coupling that couples together local configurations whenever the environment behaves well.
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Instrumentation and Detectors
Cryogenic RF characterization of the MAGO cavity for high-frequency gravitational-wave detection
Can Dokuyucu, Bianca Giaccone, Tom Krokotsch et al. (+13 more)
Superconducting
radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are promising resonant sensors for gravitational-wave detection in the kHz-MHz frequency range. We report the cryogenic RF characterization of a prototype superconducting niobium cavity with an unconventional geometry designed for narrow electromagnetic mode separation. Following an adapted surface preparation procedure, cryogenic tests were performed at Fermilab and DESY at temperatures down to 2\,K. Mechanical tuning at room temperature achieved a mode splitting of approximately 11\,kHz at cryogenic temperature. High electromagnetic quality factors consistent with previous prototype cavities were measured. The measurements further revealed phase transfer characteristics relevant for stable low-level RF control as well as indications of mode coupling potentially caused by one-point multipacting. In addition, first cryogenic measurements of the mechanical eigenmodes yielded mechanical quality factors significantly below commonly assumed theoretical values. These results demonstrate the successful application of established SRF preparation and characterization techniques to a non-standard resonator geometry and provide important experimental input for the development of future SRF-based gravitational-wave detectors.
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All authors Can Dokuyucu, Bianca Giaccone, Tom Krokotsch, Giovanni Marconato, Krisztian Peters, Marc Wenskat, Julien Branlard, Vijay Chouhan, Ivan Gonin, Anna Grassellino, Wolfgang Hillert, Timergali Khabiboulline, Oleksandr Melnychuk, Gudrid Moortgat-Pick, Alexandr Netepenko, Sam Posen
Atomic Physics
Microwave shielding of ultracold polar molecules on the transition $\boldsymbol{n=1 \rightarrow 2}$
Joy Dutta and Jeremy M. Hutson
We show that microwave shielding on the rotational transition $n=1\rightarrow 2$ can be effective in preventing destructive collisions between ultracold polar molecules. It is slightly less efficient than shielding on the transition $0\rightarrow 1$, but has some important advantages. In particular, it does not produce 2-molecule bound states under the conditions needed for shielding, so it will not enhance 3-body recombination. It thus obviates the need for double-field microwave shielding using a second field of different polarization.
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Quantum Physics
Topological Control of Quantum Chaos Diagnostics: OTOCs, Spectral Statistics, and Information Scrambling in Ising Model
Reza Pirmoradian, Soheir Rouhani and M. Reza Tanhayi
We investigate the integrability-to-chaos transition and information scrambling in Ising
spin networks via a graph-theoretic formulation. Modeling
spins as vertices and interactions as edges encoded by adjacency
matrices across path, Erdos-Renyi, and Watts-Strogatz
topologies, we demonstrate that long-range couplings and heterogeneous degree distributions markedly accelerate
quantum information propagation. The
Hamiltonian comprises local and normalized non-local interactions; tuning the non-local coupling and field heterogeneity drives integrability breaking. To quantify scrambling, we employ bipartite mutual and tripartite information. Increasing non-local interactions drives tripartite information to large negative values, signaling deep information scrambling. The squared commutators constructed from out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) exhibit early-time exponential growth; equivalently, the OTOC four-point functions themselves decay exponentially, yielding
quantum Lyapunov exponents that scale systematically with parameters governing the chaotic regime. Complementing this, Krylov complexity reveals rapid operator growth in the chaotic phase, synchronizing with OTOC and mutual information dynamics. Spectrally, the transition manifests as a shift from Poissonian to Wigner-Dyson level spacing statistics. The spectral form factor (SFF) exhibits the characteristic slope-dip-ramp-plateau structure, enabling the extraction of Thouless and Heisenberg times. Crucially, a reduced Thouless time strongly correlates with accelerated information and operator scrambling. Ultimately, this work establishes a unified framework bridging network
topology with information-theoretic, operator, and spectral diagnostics, offering insights into thermalization and non-
equilibrium dynamics in
quantum many-body systems.
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Quantum Physics
Quantum mutual information as a robust probe of integrability in open quantum systems
Nirupam Sen, Keshav Das Agarwal and Aditi Sen De
The dynamics of a
quantum system encode signatures of whether the underlying
Hamiltonian is integrable or chaotic, giving rise to the concept of
quantum information scrambling through the properties of the resulting dynamical states or operators. We introduce an information-theoretic framework based on the Haar-averaged sum of total correlations (aSTC), together with average genuine multipartite
entanglement generated dynamically from initially fully separable states, as robust probes of
quantum information scrambling. Using the long-range
quantum XYZ
spin model in transverse and longitudinal
magnetic fields, whose integrable limit is the nearest-neighbor transverse XY model, we demonstrate that the long-time average and, more importantly, the temporal fluctuations of the aSTC provide a faithful and system-size-independent signature of integrable and chaotic dynamics, similar to the conventional measure of scrambling, out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). When the system is in contact with the thermal reservoir and system-bath coupling follows Markovianity, we find that the fluctuations of the aSTC and OTOC continue to distinguish integrable and chaotic dynamics only at intermediate times. However, we observe that in the non-Markovian domain, information backflow restores the scrambling dynamics, enabling the aSTC to retain its distinguishing power even at long times. Interestingly, we exhibit that, under Markovian amplitude damping and non-Markovian dephasing noise, the temporal fluctuations of the aSTC can discriminate between integrability and non-integrability in the weak Markovian regime, even when OTOC fails to do so.
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Quantum Physics
A Quantum-Walk Representation of Color-Ordered MHV Scattering Amplitudes
Anirudh Verma and C. M. Chandrashekar
We introduce a graph-theoretic framework for representing color-ordered maximally helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitudes in
quantum chromodynamics using coined
quantum walks on permutation trees. Each root-to-terminal path corresponds to a distinct color ordering of the external
gluons, while local transition amplitudes are assigned according to the spinor-product structure of the Parke–Taylor amplitudes. The walk evolves in coherent superpositions over permutation sectors, giving a dynamical picture of the underlying combinatorics. A
quantum-channel formulation based on Kraus operators is also introduced to describe sector-resolved contributions, while a weighted collection operator coherently combines the terminal sectors at a common reference node. A
quantum Fourier transform on the coin space is then employed to combine the encoded contributions into the corresponding color-decomposed amplitude. Together, these constructions establish a unified graph-based framework connecting permutation trees,
quantum walks, and open
quantum systems providing a framework for
quantum algorithms to simulate scattering processes in
quantum field theory. As an example, numerical results for low-point
gluon amplitudes demonstrate that the proposed representation faithfully captures the characteristic Parke–Taylor structure and is consistent with analytical results.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
Boundary observables in string field theory
Klaus Kaja, Carlo Maccaferri, Ulisses Portugal et al. (+1 more)
Starting from the gauge invariant action for free string field theory with boundary recently constructed in 2506.05969, we define new gauge invariant observables which are analogous to the Brown-York charges of General Relativity. Just like the Brown-York charges, our observables originate from a boundary tadpole, and are associated to isometries of the SFT gauge group around a given background. The consistency of the construction requires the equation of motion of the background to be satisfied only at the boundary and therefore these observables can also be defined for backgrounds generated by sources in the bulk. As examples of our construction in open string field theory, we compute the flux through the boundary of constant electromagnetic field-strength solutions and the charge associated to the Coulomb solution. As a further example in closed string field theory, we characterize the infinite conserved charges associated to stringy-haired black-hole solutions in two-dimensional string theory. We also construct a generalization of these boundary observables to the full interacting string field theory.
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All authors Klaus Kaja, Carlo Maccaferri, Ulisses Portugal, Jakub Vošmera
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
The $D_{s1}(2460)$ and other open-charm $1^+$ states in relativistic chiral effective field theory
Ze-Rui Liang, Qi-Chao Xiao, Zhi-Hui Guo et al. (+1 more)
We derive the pertinent
chiral potentials for charmed vector
meson interactions with light pseudoscalar
bosons in a relativistic U(3)
chiral effective field theory up to next-to-leading order. Predictions for the $S$- and $P$-wave scattering lengths are obtained for all the relevant elastic channels. A comparison with the most recent – and currently the sole –
lattice QCD data on the $S$-wave $I=1/2$ $D^\ast\pi$ scattering length at a pion mass of $391$~MeV reveals good agreement, thereby validating the estimation of low energy constants via heavy
quark spin symmetry. Within the relativistic formalism, we confirm that the $D_{s1}(2460)$ can be identified with a bound state pole, while the $D_1(2430)$ corresponds to the interplay of two poles: a lower one on the second Riemann sheet and a higher one on the third Riemann sheet. We show that the $D_{s1}(2460)$ and the lower $D_1(2430)$ pole originate from the same
flavor SU(3) triplet, whereas the higher $D_1(2430)$ pole belongs to the SU(3) sextet. All these states are not of $\bar{q}q$ nature, as they flow to complex infinity in the large $N_C$ limit. Our results provide quantitative
benchmarks for future
lattice QCD and femtoscopic studies.
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All authors Ze-Rui Liang, Qi-Chao Xiao, Zhi-Hui Guo, De-Liang Yao
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Anomalous thermopower from the drag of overdamped collective modes
G. Mirarchi, G. Seibold, M. Grilli et al. (+1 more)
Inspired by the observation of a Seebeck coefficient ratio that exhibits a seemingly logarithmic divergence at low temperature in high-temperature superconducting cuprates, we show that a mechanisms similar to the standard
phonon drag can give rise to anomalies in the thermopower of a metal, if the dragged collective mode is overdamped, with a damping coefficient that increases with lowering the temperature. Our finding adds a piece to the puzzle of the strange-metal behavior observed in many different systems and supports our proposal that overdamped charge density fluctuations can be responsible of such a behavior in high-temperature superconducting cuprates.
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All authors G. Mirarchi, G. Seibold, M. Grilli, S. Caprara
Mathematical Physics
On a Rosenzweig-Porter-type model
Giorgio Cipolloni, László Erdős and Joscha Henheik
We consider a very general Rosenzweig-Porter-type model, $H=H_0+\lambda W$, where $H_0$ is an arbitrary Hermitian
matrix and $W$ is a standard Wigner
matrix. We precisely trace the localization properties of the eigenvectors and the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH) as the coupling constant $\lambda$ interpolates between the trivial $\lambda=0$ case and the fully mean field regime of large $\lambda$. Our results hold uniformly in $H_0$ and $\lambda$, substantially generalising all previous local laws on deformed Wigner
matrices even in the mean field regime. Our proof precisely captures the deterministic approximation to the resolvent which exhibits a strongly inhomogeneous structure. As a byproduct, we conclude the emergence of a mobility edge and study the phenomenon of re-entrant localization.
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Soft Condensed Matter
Curvature-induced host-mediated polarization of active particles
Giulia Janzen and D. A. Matoz-Fernandez
Polar collective motion commonly arises from
alignment interactions, particle anisotropy, or an imposed directional bias. Here we identify a distinct route to polar order that does not rely on
alignment interactions between the active particles. We show that non-aligning active Brownian particles embedded in a dense passive medium can develop polar coherence when confined to a compact curved surface. Persistent active motion redistributes stress through the host and creates passive-depleted regions. When the stress-spreading length becomes comparable to the sphere radius, these regions merge into elongated scars that channel active motion and, through feedback with the active flux, promote a common direction of motion. Removing the passive host suppresses polar coherence even though the active particles continue to cluster on the same sphere. Our results establish an environment-mediated route to collective polarity in which
symmetry breaking emerges from the coupling between active motion, passive stress redistribution, and compact geometry.
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Quantum Physics
Optimal Stabilizer Testing and Learning with Limited Quantum Memory
Srinivasan Arunachalam and Louis Schatzki
We study stabilizer state testing and learning with limited coherent
quantum memory. Here an
algorithm sequentially receives copies of an unknown $n$-
qubit state, but may keep only $k$
qubits of coherent
quantum memory between measurements. With unrestricted
memory, seminal work of Gross, Nezami and Walter showed how to test $n$-
qubit stabilizer states using $6$ copies, which is dimension independent, unlike the learning complexity of $\Theta(n)$. We show that this testing-vs-learning separation is lost under
memory constraints. More concretely we show that (1) The sample complexity of testing stabilizer states in the $k$-
qubit memory framework is $\Theta(n-k)$. Our upper bound goes via a novel connection to the hidden shift problem and the lower bound is proven using a novel approach to average case bounds on likelihood ratios via combinatorics of the
stochastic orthogonal group. (2) The sample complexity of learning stabilizer states with $k$
qubits of
memory, in the non-adaptive framework, is $\Theta(n^2/k)$. As a further application of our techniques, we prove an exponential lower bound for purity testing even when the
memory may be left coherent throughout the protocol. Our main results identify coherent
quantum memory as the resource enabling the usual separation between stabilizer testing and learning. In particular, even with $k=0.99n$
qubits of
memory, there is no constant-copy stabilizer tester; furthermore for $k=cn$
qubits of
memory (for $0< c < 1$), stabilizer testing is as hard as learning, with both requiring $\Theta(n)$ copies.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in proton-proton collisions within the dihadron fragmentation framework
Zhong-Bo Kang, Andreas Metz, Daniel Pitonyak et al. (+1 more)
We calculate energy-energy correlations for two
hadrons produced inside a jet in transversely polarized
proton-
proton collisions. We make numerical predictions based on a simple model that utilizes a previous global QCD analysis of dihadron fragmentation and transversity parton distribution functions. The results show remarkable agreement with a very recent
STAR measurement. We also find the data at large jet transverse momentum have a slight preference for extractions of transversity that are consistent with
lattice QCD computations of the nucleon tensor charges. Overall, this work provides further evidence for the underlying non-perturbative mechanism of near-side energy-energy correlators as well as highlights the potential for these observables to probe transverse-
spin effects inside the nucleon.
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All authors Zhong-Bo Kang, Andreas Metz, Daniel Pitonyak, Congyue Zhang
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Native-Opacity Sensitivity of a Fixed Delta Cephei MESA-RSP Pulsation Model
Zuhoor Elahi, Christopher Sirola and Wafa Gull
Radiative opacity is one of the central microphysical inputs controlling the thermal response of Cepheid envelopes and the driving or damping of radial pulsations. We present a controlled opacity-sensitivity experiment for a fixed delta Cephei nonlinear radial pulsation model computed with the MESA Radial
Stellar Pulsation module. The
stellar and pulsation parameters are held fixed at M = 5.0
solar masses , Teff = 6050 K, L = 2360
solar luminosities , X = 0.73, Z = 0.007, and RSP_alfam = 0.425, while the high-temperature opacity source is varied among native MESA opacity configurations: OPAL-A09, OP-A09, and OPLIB-AGSS09. The low-temperature opacity prefix, C/O-dependent opacity prefix, and all other RSP parameters are kept fixed so that the comparison isolates the effect of the adopted high-temperature opacity table. Verification integrations were performed at 20, 100, and 300 pulsation cycles, followed by photo-restarted continuations to 500 cycles. At 500 cycles, OPAL-A09 gives the closest period agreement, PRSP = 5.366986 d, only about 39 s longer than Pobs = 5.366531 d. OP-A09 gives the largest amplitude-growth diagnostics, with Delta Mag = 0.037307 and Delta R = 0.293677, corresponding to increases of 42.5% and 43.9% relative to OPAL-A09. OPLIB-AGSS09 gives a systematically longer period, P_RSP = 5.403926 d, with more modest amplitude-growth changes. The same ordering is reflected in the MESA history-column diagnostic rsp_GREKM, defined by the MESA defaults as the fractional growth of kinetic energy per pulsation period. These results show that native opacity choice measurably affects period matching, pulsation growth diagnostics, and nonlinear amplitude growth in this fixed {\delta} Cephei model. However, the tested opacity choices do not by themselves resolve the known observed-amplitude discrepancy.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Event-axis TMD measurements in $e^+e^-$ and SIDIS
Daniel Diaz Fernandez, Patricia Andrea Gutierrez Garcia, Ignazio Scimemi et al. (+1 more)
Transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation in $e^+e^-$ collisions can be studied by measuring
hadrons with respect to the thrust axis, and has been measured at Belle. This provides a complementary way to extract TMD fragmentation functions, avoiding the need to disentangle the two TMD fragmentation functions that enter conventional back-to-back
hadron-pair measurements. Starting from the established factorization
theorems for this observable, we complete the operator-level formulation of the soft ingredients and perform one-loop checks using the $\delta$-regulator. We also extend existing results for 1-jettiness factorization in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS), where analogous measurements give access to the TMD parton distribution functions of the incoming
hadron. For phenomenology, we discuss the nonperturbative effects and propose a model that captures both the event-shape dependence and correlations between the event-shape and transverse-momentum measurements. We resum the transverse-momentum and thrust logarithms, explore several schemes for treating the latter, and implement it in artemide. As a first validation, we compare to simulated $e^+e^-$ data from Pythia8.3. We find that the proposed nonperturbative model is flexible enough to describe the simulated data, with fitted parameters of the expected size in powers of $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}/Q$. In this test, the resummation of the logarithms of $q_T/(\tau Q)$ appears to have little impact on the fit quality, but changes the fit parameters.
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All authors Daniel Diaz Fernandez, Patricia Andrea Gutierrez Garcia, Ignazio Scimemi, Wouter Waalewijn
Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.PR
A Topological Formula for Potts Lattice Gauge Theory Correlations
Paul Duncan and Benjamin Schweinhart
We exhibit a formula relating the correlation between Wilson loop variables in Potts
lattice gauge theory to a topological quantity in the plaquette random cluster model. As applications we prove exponential decay of correlations between slowly growing Wilson loop variables for Ising
lattice gauge theory on $\mathbb{Z}^3$ at all but the critical temperature, we demonstrate that the correlation length is finite at sufficiently high or low temperatures in any dimension, and we show that the correlation length of the model on $\mathbb{Z}^4$ with free boundary conditions equals that of the dual model with constant boundary conditions when $q$ is
prime.
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Instrumentation and Detectors
APEIRON: composing smart TDAQ systems for high energy physics experiments
Roberto Ammendola, Andrea Biagioni, Carlotta Chiarini et al. (+12 more)
We present APEIRON, a distributed heterogeneous processing framework comprising both hardware architecture and software stack for multi-FPGA systems. Targeting smart trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems in high energy physics, APEIRON spans the full software hierarchy: from low-level device drivers to a high-level dataflow programming model based on High-Level Synthesis. We describe the framework design, its core communication infrastructure, and a particle identification application for the NA62 experiment as a representative physics use case.
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All authors Roberto Ammendola, Andrea Biagioni, Carlotta Chiarini, Andrea Ciardiello, Paolo Cretaro, Ottorino Frezza, Francesca Lo Cicero, Alessandro Lonardo, Michele Martinelli, Pier Stanislao Paolucci, Pierpaolo Perticaroli, Cristian Rossi, Francesco Simula, Matteo Turisini, Piero Vicini
Medical Physics · Cross-listed from eess.IV
Self-Auditing Residual Drifting for Pathology-Preserving Accelerated Knee MRI
Qing Lyu, Jianxu Wang, Mohammad Kawas et al. (+2 more)
Accelerated
magnetic resonance imaging reduces acquisition time, but reconstruction from undersampled k-space can blur diagnostically relevant structures or introduce failures that are not captured by global image metrics. We propose SA-RDM-DC, a Self-
Auditing Residual generative Drifting Model with Data Consistency for accelerated knee MRI. The method adapts the newly proposed generative drifting paradigm to accelerated MRI by training a physics-conditioned drift field from the zero-filled reconstruction toward the fully sampled residual correction. It predicts image- and missing-k-space residual corrections, enforces data consistency with acquired k-space, uses frequency-aware and residual drifting supervision to recover fine detail, and produces dense error maps and slice-level risk scores in the same inference pass. We evaluate SA-RDM-DC on multi-coil fastMRI knee data at acceleration factors of 4, 8, and 12, with fastMRI+ pathology annotations for region-level and classifier-based task preservation, and on SKM-TEA for zero-shot and fine-tuned protocol-shift evaluation. Compared with zero-filled reconstruction, UNet-image-SENSE, DC-UNet, Score-
Diffusion, ELF-Diff, SENSE-VarNet, and MoDL baselines, SA-RDM-DC achieves the highest SSIM across fastMRI acceleration factors while retaining subsecond per-slice inference and avoiding the long sampling time of iterative
diffusion baselines. In pathology-aware analysis, SA-RDM-DC preserves lesion-region structural fidelity and reduces meniscus prediction instability. Its self-
auditing scores strongly identify high-error reconstructions on fastMRI and partially transfer as a selective-review signal under SKM-TEA protocol shift. These results support reconstruction evaluation that jointly considers image fidelity, pathology preservation, runtime, and case-specific reliability.
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All authors Qing Lyu, Jianxu Wang, Mohammad Kawas, Ge Wang, Christopher T. Whitlow
Quantum Physics
Optimal stellar rank approximation of squeezed cat states with photon catalysis
Julian K. Nauth, Nathan Walk, Ananga M. Datta et al. (+4 more)
Non-Gaussian
quantum states and operations constitute essential resources for achieving
quantum computational advantage and enabling
quantum error correction in bosonic platforms. However, their generation in optical settings remains a challenging experimental task, often relying on probabilistic heralded protocols. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the suitability of
photon catalysis between low number Fock states and squeezed states for the generation of squeezed coherent state superpositions. We employ the
stellar rank formalism to characterize the non-Gaussian complexity of input resources (including both states and measurements) and the generated states. This enables a systematic comparison of the fidelity between the catalyzed output and the target states to the maximum fidelity achievable by any protocol with the same non-Gaussian input resources. In this sense, we identify instances where the catalysis protocols considered here are provably optimal. We identify parameter regimes in which high-fidelity approximations of the target states can be achieved with minimal resources. Furthermore, we
benchmark the performance of
photon catalysis against Gaussian
boson sampling-inspired protocols in terms of success probability and state quality, highlighting the advantages of deterministic Fock state sources. We also investigate the generation of related non-Gaussian resources including squeezed Fock states, relevant for
quantum error correction. To account for experimental imperfections, we model losses across all optical modes using a
Hilbert space truncation approach in the Fock basis and analyze the robustness of the generated states under realistic conditions. Our results quantify the trade-offs between non-Gaussian resource complexity, achievable fidelity, and losses in
photon catalysis protocols, providing practical guidelines for near-term photonic implementations.
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All authors Julian K. Nauth, Nathan Walk, Ananga M. Datta, Kurt Busch, Jens Eisert, Oliver Benson, Roger A. Kögler
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Complex dynamics in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick game
Desmond Chan and Tobias Galla
We study the outcome of adaptive learning of a large number of players engaging in sets of two-strategy two-player games. We are interested in typical games, and generate the payoff
matrices at random at the beginning. The payoff
matrices then remain fixed during the learning process. This provides a game theoretic foundation for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) game, recently introduced by Garnier-Brun, Benzaquen and Bouchaud. The original model by these authors is a special case, with no bias towards any strategy. We here determine stability of learning for SK games with general random bias, and find that the nature of the stable state is affected by random fields. We also introduce a grand-canonical version of the SK game, in which players can choose to abstain. We determine the stability of learning for this game. Our analysis confirms that complex situations involving many players are frequently unlearnable, even if each player only chooses between two different actions. The rate with which players lose
memory of past payoffs and the competitiveness of the game emerge as key parameters determining whether learning converges to a unique fixed point, whether there are many fixed points, or if the dynamics remains persistently volatile.
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