Optics
EDoF-NeRF: extended depth-of-field neural radiance fields using a coded aperture camera
Yoshiyuki Shirasaki and Ryoichi Horisaki
We propose a method for extending the depth-of-field (DoF) to construct high-fidelity neural radiance fields (NeRF) – an emerging technique for rendering photorealistic novel views from a
dataset of images captured at different viewpoints, based on implicit neural representations. The trade-off between DoF and light quantity is inherent not only in conventional cameras but also in NeRF, since the
datasets used by NeRF are captured by these cameras. To address this issue, we introduce a coded aperture placed at the camera pupil, preserving spatial frequency components under defocused conditions. We develop a camera model incorporating coded apertures into NeRF, allowing direct input of coded images and enabling the generation of novel views with an extended DoF. We validate the proposed method, termed extended DoF-NeRF (EDoF-NeRF), through simulations and experiments, demonstrating its superior performance compared to conventional aperture cameras.
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Discovery of a 24-millisecond pulsar in a very long orbit with the Murchison Widefield Array
Chia Min Tan, N. D. Ramesh Bhat, Bradley W. Meyers et al. (+9 more)
We report the discovery of PSR J0125$-$5854, a
pulsar with a
spin period of 24 ms and a dispersion measure of 11.66 pc cm$^-3$ in the ongoing Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) survey with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The
pulsar is located at a high
Galactic latitude of $-57^{\circ}$, and at a distance of 0.5$\text{-}$1 kpc per the
Galactic electron density models. Follow-up observations with the MWA and MeerKAT
telescopes have revealed that this
pulsar is in a binary system with an orbital period of more than 290 days, and a steep spectrum (flux density, $ S \propto \nu^{\alpha} $, where $\nu$ is frequency and $ \alpha = -2.2 \pm 0.3 $). Analysis of current observational data hints at a potential binary configuration with an orbital period of $833.60 \pm 0.04$ days, a projected semi-major axis of $241.36 \pm 0.05$ light-seconds, and a minimum companion mass $0.4152 \pm 0.0001$ M$_\odot$, with a low eccentricity orbit of $0.0052 \pm 0.0006$. We discuss the potential formation channels for this system, and
conjecture that the companion is likely a Helium white
dwarf. Further observations are required in order to better constrain the orbital and
spin parameters. We discuss the implications of this discovery, which emerged after processing a small fraction of survey data, on the prospects of finding more millisecond
pulsars with the SMART survey, and with future surveys planned with the low-frequency SKA-Low.
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All authors Chia Min Tan, N. D. Ramesh Bhat, Bradley W. Meyers, Christopher P. Lee, Ewan D. Barr, Vivek Venkatraman Krishnan, Paulo C. C. Freire, Garvit Grover, Samuel J. McSweeney, Nicholas A. Swainston, Qiuyang Fu, Mengyao Xue
Instrumentation and Detectors
Track and energy reconstruction algorithms for a time projection chamber with orthogonal fields
Martin Vít Vavřík, Babar Ali, Hugo Natal da Luz et al. (+2 more)
In this work, we describe the development of track- and energy-reconstruc-tion
algorithms for atypical Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) that will be used at the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, to search for the anomalous internal pair creation reported by the ATOMKI group. These chambers operate with an inhomogeneous toroidal
magnetic field oriented orthogonally to the electric field; we therefore refer to them as Orthogonal-Field TPCs (OFTPCs). Although this configuration distorts the drift of ionization electrons and complicates the resulting electron and positron trajectories, it also offers several practical advantages. We present the most effective of several tested approaches, which employs a simulated ionization-electron drift map for track reconstruction and a Runge–Kutta-based fit for energy reconstruction. Using simulations, we demonstrate that – under idealized conditions, namely an ideal charge readout with no amplification and no noise and with known initial track positions and directions – it is possible to achieve a fitted Gaussian width (sigma) better than 1% in relative energy for both electrons and positrons, after applying corrections for systematic effects that depend on the track parameters.
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All authors Martin Vít Vavřík, Babar Ali, Hugo Natal da Luz, Olivier Rousselle, Tomáš Sýkora
Materials Science
Solution gate control of shallow silicon vacancy charge states in diamond
Charlie Pattinson, Daniel J. McCloskey, Nikolai Dontschuk et al. (+3 more)
Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond combine near-infrared emission with solid-state robustness, but their performance hinges on isolating favorable defect charge states. We demonstrate static and dynamic control of ultra-shallow (<15 nm) SiV ensembles in type IIa diamond. By combining low-energy ion implantation with tailored oxygen and hydrogen terminations, we map regimes that maximise the fluorescent SiV- population over dark charge states. We then realize reversible SiV- to SiV0 conversion using aqueous electrolytic gating with sub-200 mV biases and low optical powers. Our results enable low-power electrical control of SiV ensembles for integrated
quantum photonics and biologically compatible voltage imaging in the near-infrared.
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All authors Charlie Pattinson, Daniel J. McCloskey, Nikolai Dontschuk, Brett C. Johnson, Alexander A. Wood, David Simpson
Optics
Magnetic-polarization-dependent spectroscopy of lanthanide-doped anisotropic crystals
Zoe Liestmann, Luca Koldeweyh, Moritz Badtke et al. (+3 more)
We experimentally demonstrate that absorption and emission spectra of trivalent lanthanide-doped anisotropic
crystals can exhibit a significant
magnetic-polarization dependence, which has been largely overlooked in spectroscopic studies to date. Focusing on the uniaxial
laser host LiYF4 (YLF) doped with Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+, and Ho3+, we measure
magnetic-polarization-dependent absorption and emission spectra for transitions with strong
magnetic-dipole (MD) contributions predicted by theory. Our results reveal that MD-induced spectral anisotropy, i.e., spectral differences for the same electric field orientation but for different
magnetic field orientations, is present even in these well-established
laser materials. A complete spectroscopic characterization of uniaxial
crystals requires three polarizations, including the $\alpha$-polarization, with both the electric field vector E and the
magnetic field vector H perpendicular to the c-axis (E $\perp$ c, H $\perp$ c), in addition to the commonly used two polarizations $\pi$ (E $\parallel$ c, H $\perp$ c) and $\sigma$ (E $\perp$ c, H $\parallel$ c). We further discuss the observed MD-induced spectral anisotropy and calculated MD branching ratios, the impact of the anisotropy on emission cross-section calculations, and the relevance of our results to other uniaxial and biaxial
crystals.
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All authors Zoe Liestmann, Luca Koldeweyh, Moritz Badtke, Sascha Kalusniak, Christian Kränkel, Hiroki Tanaka
Quantum Physics
Efficient simulation of noisy entanglement generation
Lorenzo Brevi, Federico Grasselli, Alessandro Caraceni et al. (+3 more)
End-to-end
entanglement distribution is a key capability of upcoming
quantum networks, enabling applications like distributed
quantum computing,
quantum sensor networks, and secure communications. Hence, its realistic and efficient simulation is crucial for
quantum network design and for assessing the ability of a network to run certain applications. This work provides tools to scale-up and improve the realism of
entanglement generation simulations in
quantum networks. This is achieved by deriving analytical results that directly return the success probability, the output state and corresponding fidelity of a selected
entanglement generation protocol, while accounting for a variety of noise sources affecting the protocol. These results are then integrated and streamlined in an upgraded version of SeQUeNCe, one of the most popular
quantum network simulators. The resulting simulator features increased scalability by reducing computation time by more than 60%, while allowing for a variety of realistic noise sources, including imperfect mode matching, dark counts, and imperfect
memory initialization. The simulator is also benchmarked with real experimental data and is capable of replicating the average
entanglement generation time and the final state fidelity of a selected experiment. Altogether, the results can enhance current
quantum network simulation capabilities towards large-scale networks, paving the way for the future
quantum internet.
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All authors Lorenzo Brevi, Federico Grasselli, Alessandro Caraceni, Massimiliano Proietti, Massimiliano Dispenza, Enrico Prati
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
The atmospheric extinction curve at Lenghu site
Jin-Sheng Qiu, Xiao-Hui Xu, Qing-Feng Zhu et al. (+11 more)
In this study, we use a dedicated spectroscopic
telescope to carry out low-resolution measurements of the optical atmospheric extinction curve at Lenghu astronomical site in Qinghai Province, China. Observations of A0-type
stars are conducted over multiple nights between 2024 and 2026, covering airmasses from 1.0 to 2.0 and wavelengths in the range of 400 to 800 nm. We derive the extinction curve for the Lenghu site and compare it with those from Mauna Kea and Cerro Paranal.
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All authors Jin-Sheng Qiu, Xiao-Hui Xu, Qing-Feng Zhu, Xu Kong, Ting-Gui Wang, Lu-Lu Fan, Yong-Quan Xue, Ji-An Jiang, Zheng Lou, Xu Zhou, Xu-Zhi Li, Bo-Jun Tao, Jun-Han Zhao, Zhi-Yong Pu
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Mutation and crossover of simplicial complexes
Boyu Li, Kohta Hatakeyama, Matsuo Sato et al. (+2 more)
Color graphs and their subgraphs, referred to as bubble graphs, correspond bijectively to the simplicial complexes of pseudomanifolds and their subsimplices, respectively. In this paper, we introduce
matrix representations for colored graphs and their associated bubble graphs. By using this correspondence, we define simplicial-complex
matrices and subsimplex
matrices that encode the simplicial complexes of pseudomanifolds and their subsimplices. Moreover, we formulate mutation and crossover operations on colored graphs. Through the established correspondence among simplicial complexes, colored graphs, and simplicial-complex
matrices, we extend these operations to simplicial complexes and simplicial-complex
matrices. We further implement an
algorithm generating simplicial-complex
matrices and a genetic
algorithm performing mutation and crossover of them to produce pseudomanifolds exhibiting diverse
topologies. In addition, we implement procedures for decomposing the generated simplicial-complex
matrices into simplex
matrices, reconstructing the simplicial complexes of the associated pseudomanifolds from this information, and computing
geometric quantities such as the volume, circumcenter, and dual-simplex volume of each simplex.
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All authors Boyu Li, Kohta Hatakeyama, Matsuo Sato, Yuji Sugimoto, Gota Tanaka
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Mimicry of chaos and $k$-design in higher order OTOCs of Luttinger liquids
Balázs Dóra, Catalin Pascu Moca and Roderich Moessner
Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) provide a fundamental metric for
quantum chaos, but capturing the fine structure of information scrambling requires exploring their higher-order generalizations. Here, we systematically investigate the sequence of higher-order OTOCs in a Luttinger
liquid and its
lattice realization, the XXZ Heisenberg chain. Using bosonization and numerics, we extract the full temporal dynamics of the first three OTOCs, revealing that they rapidly erase
memory of the initial state, and quickly saturate to their steady state values. Strikingly, we show that calculating the late time saturation values for the entire sequence of higher-order OTOCs maps exactly onto determining the partition function of a non-Hermitian Harper model. Through this mapping, we demonstrate that for moderately strong interactions, the steady-state OTOCs become parametrically small up to the seventh order, mimicking higher $k$-design. Our results reveal that Luttinger
liquids exhibit an unexpectedly profound degree of apparent scrambling when viewed through the lens of higher-order OTOCs.
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Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
The Array Control and Data Acquisition software of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
I. Oya, B. López, P. Aubert et al. (+61 more)
The Cherenkov
Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) aims to advance knowledge of the gamma-ray sky as the largest gamma-ray observatory ever built. The CTAO will be deployed at two sites, one in the Northern Hemisphere and the other in the Southern Hemisphere, containing
telescopes of three sizes to cover different energy domains. Commissioning of the prototype CTAO Large-Sized
Telescope (LST-1) is being finalized at the northern site, while three additional LSTs are under construction. Additional calibration and environmental monitoring instruments, such as
laser imaging detection and ranging (
LIDAR) systems and weather stations, will support
telescope operations. The Array Control and Data Acquisition (ACADA) system serves as the central element for on-site CTAO operations. ACADA controls, supervises, and handles the data generated by the
telescopes and the auxiliary instruments. It drives the efficient planning and execution of observations while managing the multi-gigabit-per-second data streams produced by each CTAO
telescope. The ACADA system contains the CTAO Science Alert Generation Pipeline - a real-time data processing and analysis pipeline, dedicated to automatically generating science alert candidates as data are acquired. These science alerts, along with external alerts received from other scientific instruments, are managed by the Transients Handler (TH) component. The TH informs ACADA's Short-Term Scheduler (STS) about relevant science alerts, enabling modification of ongoing observations on sub-minute timescales. This capability for rapid response, combined with the fast slewing of CTAO
telescopes, makes the Observatory an excellent instrument for studying high-impact astronomical transients.
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All authors I. Oya, B. López, P. Aubert, G. Barni, P. Bauza, D. Berge, J.-P. Bolle, W. Boulakbech, P. Bruno, U. Bajc, A. Bulgarelli, M. Cappi, F. Cassol, S. Caroff, L. Castaldini, T. Collins, V. Conforti, A. Costa, L. David, G. De Cesare, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, A. Di Piano, K. Egberts, R. Fernandez, V. Fioretti, S. Fukami, E. García, E. Garcia, H. Gasparyan, S. Germani, J. Hinton, C. Hoischen, F. Incardona, D. Kostunin, E. Lyard, G. Maurin, D. Melkumyan, E. Mestre, K. Munari, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, N. Nakhjiri, D. Neise, T. Oprinsen, G. Panebianco, N. Parmiggiani, E. Pietriga, V. Pollet, B. Rudak, I. Sadeh, S. Sah, A. Sarkar, M. Schefer, T. Schmidt, D. Soldevila, S. Spinello, C. Steppa, D.F. Torres, A. Tramacere, R. Vallés, T. Vuillaume, R. Walter, F. Werner, A. Wörheide
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Direct Optical Evidence of Late-Stage Infall in AB Aurigae: A Stagnant [O I] Reservoir and a Crushed Magnetosphere
Dipen Sahu, Rishikesh Sharma, Shubhendra Nath Das et al. (+2 more)
Massive
planet-carved cavities in transition disks should theoretically throttle inward gas transport, challenging our understanding of how central
stars maintain vigorous
accretion. To investigate how macro-scale late-stage infall traverses these gaps, we present multi-epoch, extreme-resolution (R ~ 107,000) PARAS-2 optical spectroscopy of the
benchmark Herbig Ae system AB Aurigae. By resolving the kinematics of H-alpha, He I 5876, [O I] 6300, 6363, and Na I D, we map the innermost
accretion environment. We find that the [O I] emission is centered near the
stellar rest velocity with symmetric broadening of ~ 35 km/s. Restricted to T <= 3800 K, this profile traces a stagnant, gravitationally bound Keplerian gas reservoir at ~ 1 au. Therefore, it provides strong optical evidence that late-stage infall accumulates in an inner gas reservoir and subsequently feeds the innermost
dust cavity. From this reservoir, gas is transported inward and crashes onto the
star, driving a highly active
accretion rate of dM/dt ~ 4 x 10^-7 M_sun/yr. The associated ram pressure crushes the
stellar magnetosphere to R_mag ~ 1.2 R_
star, which explains the restricted He I free-fall velocities and the highly variable inner wind. We also isolate a stable, slow H-alpha wind component, likely tracing an extended photoevaporative disk wind.
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All authors Dipen Sahu, Rishikesh Sharma, Shubhendra Nath Das, Abhijit Chakraborty, Justyn Campbell-White
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Polarized neutron scattering as a probe for vortex-type spin correlations in iron oxide multicore assemblies
Venus Rai, Ivan Titov, Elizabeth M. Jefremovas et al. (+11 more)
We report an experimental investigation of the
magnetic microstructure of iron
oxide multicore assemblies by means of polarized small-angle
neutron scattering (SANS). Guided by a recently developed analytical theory for
vortex-state
magnetic nanoparticles, we provide a quantitative comparison between the measured and calculated cross sections, revealing signatures that are consistent with
vortex-type magnetization configurations at low applied
magnetic fields. In particular, the field
evolution and the characteristic isotropic ring-type feature of the
spin-flip scattering intensity at intermediate momentum transfers are in line with the formation of flux-closure states. The latter are stabilized by the interplay of exchange, Zeeman, and magnetostatic energies. The methodology allows for a statistically significant characterization of
vortex states in densely packed nanoparticle systems, thereby complementing surface-sensitive techniques that are commonly limited to the observation of
spin structures in individual particles.
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All authors Venus Rai, Ivan Titov, Elizabeth M. Jefremovas, Štefan Liščák, Sivarenjini Shan, Nina-Juliane Steinke, Jonathan Leliaert, Álvaro Gallo-Córdova, María P. Morales, Davide Peddis, Pierfrancesco Maltoni, Luis Fernández Barquín, Andreas Michels, Michael P. Adams
Optics
Volumetric nanoscale localization using engineered point spread functions in light sheet microscopy
R. E. Bautista Gonzalez, R. Mouthaan, A. Upadhya et al. (+3 more)
Nanoscale three-dimensional localization across large biological volumes remains an outstanding challenge in optical microscopy, with existing approaches typically limited by imaging speed, volumetric field of view and localization precision when required simultaneously. Here, we overcome these limitations by combining a twin Airy engineered point spread function with two-
photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy, enabling nanoscale localization throughout large volumetric fields of view. Our framework explicitly incorporates the broadband fluorescence emission characteristic of biological fluorophores, ensuring accurate localization under realistic imaging conditions. We achieve localization precisions of $<20$~nm laterally and 42~nm axially over volumes measuring 295~$\mu$m x 330~$\mu$m x 100~$\mu$m , with a projected path to sub-10-nm localization in millimeter-scale specimens. Experiments in fluorescent bead phantoms and live mammalian oocytes confirm robust performance in both controlled and biologically complex environments. These results establish a scalable strategy for localization-based super-resolution imaging across biologically relevant volumes, bridging the gap between nanoscale precision and large-scale volumetric microscopy.
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All authors R. E. Bautista Gonzalez, R. Mouthaan, A. Upadhya, D. J. X. Chow, K. R. Dunning, K. Dholakia
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Hydrodynamics of perfect fluids with anomalies from the fermionic path integral
Alexander G. Abanov and Andrea Cappelli
The path integral of the Dirac
fermion with vector and axial gauge backgrounds is analyzed near the infrared limit in the presence of residual irrelevant current-current interaction. After integrating out
fermions, a semiclassical low-energy effective action is obtained, written in terms of currents. Its expression is found to correspond to the hydrodynamic action previously proposed for perfect barotropic fluids with anomalies at zero temperature. This approach also leads to two further hydrodynamic actions to be associated, respectively, with the Weyl
fermion, and the Dirac
fermion having independent vector and axial currents. These actions feature four- and five-dimensional bulk-boundary terms, owing to anomaly inflow, which are identified as being the so-called transgression forms. These are generalizations of Chern–Simons forms that involve two gauge fields: the dynamical field and the background field. The path-integral argument provides a “microscopic” explanation for several ingredients of the action formulation of hydrodynamics that are necessary to incorporate anomalies. It also clarifies the infrared reduction required to pass from the effective field theory to a local hydrodynamic description. This reduction is implemented by considering restricted variations of the action, familiar from hydrodynamics, which at the same time lead to four-dimensional equations of motion from the five-dimensional transgression terms.
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Lattice Field Theory
Hybrid renormalization in lattice calculation of baryon LCDAs
Mu-Hua Zhang
At the 2025 International Conference on the Structure of
Baryons (
Baryons 2025), I presented our recent progress in
lattice calculations of
baryon light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). In Ref.[1], we implemented a novel hybrid renormalization scheme for octet
baryons, leading to reliable determinations of quasi-distribution amplitudes (quasi-DAs). The calculations were performed on $N_f=2+1$ ensembles with stout-smeared clover
fermions and a Symanzik-improved gauge action at three
lattice spacings, $a = 0.052,0.077,0.105$ fm. The hybrid renormalization removes linear divergences in
lattice matrix elements and yields smooth, self-consistent quasi-DAs, providing a solid foundation for LaMET-based extractions of
baryon LCDAs. Results at the continuum limit and physical pion mass will be reported in the near future.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Implications of Adler-Finch-Skea solution on charged dark energy star satisfying Karmarkar Condition
Pramit Rej
A possible approach for preventing compact astrophysical objects from gravitational collapse into singularities is the idea of dark energy. Since it is the cause of our universe's accelerated expansion, it has the greatest impact on the cosmos. As a result, it appears that dark energy can interact with any compact astrophysical
stellar object [Phys. Rev. D 103, 084042 (2021)]. In this study, our primary objective is to develop a simpler model of a charged strange
star coupled with anisotropic dark energy admitting the Adler-Finch-Skea solution [J. Math. Phys. 15, 727 (1974); Class.
Quantum Grav. 6, 467 (1989)] within Einstein
gravity. To develop this model, the Karmarkar condition was employed to determine the radial metric component, while Adler's methodology was used to choose the time-metric component. For this purpose, we explored a particular strange
star, Her X-1, with observed values of mass $(0.85 \pm 0.15)M_{\odot}$ and radius $= 8.1_{-0.41}^{+0.41}$ km. In this context, we proceeded to model dark energy using the equation of state (EoS), such that the density of dark energy is proportional to the density of isotropic perfect fluid matter. The unknown constants in the metric were determined by smooth matching using the Darmois-Israel criterion. We conduct an in-depth examination of the stability and force
equilibrium of our suggested
star framework, as well as several physical characteristics of the model such as the metric function, pressure, density, mass-radius relation, and dark energy parameters. Thus, the physical consistency and stability of the present model are investigated. Therefore, following a comprehensive theoretical investigation, we discovered that our proposed model is singularity free and meets all the stability requirements to be a stable and physically realistic
stellar model.
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Materials Science
Role of Local Structural Variation in X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum of Silicon Oxide Interfaces
Mikael Santonen, Sari Granroth, Johanna Laaksonen et al. (+2 more)
We show that the broad X-ray photoelectron lines of silicon
oxide on silicon arise from a continuous statistical distribution of core-level binding energies. Statistical simulations spanning compositions from Si to SiO$_2$ reproduce the full extent of this broadening, reaching 5 eV for SiO$_{1.0}$ , in quantitative agreement with 0.23 nm layer-resolved spectra reconstructed from Ar$^+$ sputtering data. This continuous distribution blurs distinct spectral fingerprints of local structural motifs, thereby challenging conventional chemical state assignment in
oxide X-ray photoelectron spectra.
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All authors Mikael Santonen, Sari Granroth, Johanna Laaksonen, Pekka Laukkanen, Johannes Niskanen
Chemical Physics
Giant Nonequilibrium Fluctuations at a Reactive Surface
Hyun Tae Jung, Hyungjun Kim, Alejandro L. Garcia et al. (+4 more)
We investigate whether
giant fluctuations in a gas can induce corresponding fluctuations on a reactive surface in contact with the gas. Numerical simulations of a minimal heterogeneous catalytic reactor demonstrate that such fluctuations indeed emerge on the surface, with spatial correlations extending over micrometer scales. These fluctuations originate from the dependence of the adsorption rate on the reactant partial pressure. As a result, the surface-coverage structure factor mirrors that of the partial pressure, exhibiting similar enhancement and roll-off behavior across wave numbers.
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All authors Hyun Tae Jung, Hyungjun Kim, Alejandro L. Garcia, Andrew J. Nonaka, John B. Bell, Ishan Srivastava, Changho Kim
Quantum Physics
Universal photon blockade via two-photon light-matter interaction at chiral exceptional points
Hai-Tao Dong, Meng-Long Song, Si-Yu Zhang et al. (+3 more)
The
photon blockade (PB) effect is a hallmark non-classical phenomenon in
quantum optics and finds important applications for building
quantum sources, while the control of PB by the non-Hermitian exceptional points remains largely unexplored. In this work, we theoretically investigate universal
photon blockade in a microcavity harboring
chiral exceptional points (CEPs) for building multiplexing
quantum sources with nonreciprocal
photon statistics. The results reveal that the presence of the CEPs leads to a stark contrast in the
photon statistics of two whispering-gallery modes with opposite propagating directions. That is, one mode exhibits a strong PB effect while the other displays either sub-Poissonian or super-Poissonian distribution. Our findings thus may pave the way for advanced applications of
photon blockade, and provide a theoretical foundation for the selective generation of single-
photon and two-
photon emission
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All authors Hai-Tao Dong, Meng-Long Song, Si-Yu Zhang, Xue-Ke Song, Liu Ye, Dong Wang
Quantum Physics
Quantum simulation of neutrino oscillations with bosonic encoding
Sandeep Joshi
Superconducting
qubits offer a versatile platform for
quantum simulation. In this architecture,
quantum information can be encoded in the bosonic modes of a microwave cavity, offering an alternative to conventional
qubit-based encoding schemes. These cavity bosonic modes can be manipulated using a single ancillary
qubit. In this work, we investigate the
quantum simulation of two- and three-
flavor neutrino oscillations using Fock-basis encoding of a cavity mode. We design pulse sequences for implementing the required
unitary operations through selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (SNAP) and displacement gates. Pulse-level control is employed to realize high-fidelity gate operations on the encoded cavity mode. The resulting
neutrino oscillation probabilities obtained from
quantum simulation exhibit close agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of cavity-based bosonic encoding schemes for
quantum simulation.
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Mathematical Physics
Self-averaging of replica overlaps in the random field Edwards-Anderson model
C. Itoi and Y. Sakamoto
The self-averaging of the replica overlap is proven in the Edwards-Anderson (EA) model under random field almost everywhere in the coupling constant space in any dimension. The EA order parameter is represented in terms of the derivative of the free energy density with respect to the random field strength, regardless of boundary conditions. Tasaki's correlation inequality for finite-dimensional
spin glass models shows that the expectation of the squared replica overlap is bounded by the squared EA order parameter. These simple evaluations enable us to prove that the variance of the replica overlap vanishes in the infinite-volume limit. The self-averaging of the replica bond overlap is proven also in the EA model with Gaussian exchange interaction without random field. Short-range
spin glass models have been shown to behave differently from mean-field
spin glass models with RSB phase.
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Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Dust colour, phase behaviour, and Monte Carlo modelling of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS from 4 au pre- to 4 au post-perihelion
F. Moreno, M. Serra-Ricart, J. Licandro et al. (+4 more)
We report multi-band photometric imaging observations and Monte Carlo
dust tail modelling of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS covering a wide range of heliocentric distances, from about 4 au pre-perihelion to 4 au post-perihelion. The extensive imaging data set allowed us to constrain the
dust physical properties, ejection speeds, and production rates as a function of heliocentric distance. The post-perihelion observations, obtained at high cadence in multiple photometric bands (SDSS g, r, i, and luminance filters) and spanning phase angles between approximately 0.7 deg and 30 deg, enabled us to determine the
dust color and phase function. The resulting phase curve exhibits a prominent backscattering enhancement, distinct from those derived for
Solar System comets, with an opposition surge of 0.1–0.4 mag, a width of 1–3 deg, and a linear phase coefficient of 0.02-0.04 mag/deg, consistent with independent pre-perihelion estimates. A possible interpretation of the imaging data, together with independent photometric measurements, indicates a
dust size distribution characterized by a power-law index of -3.5, with minimum and maximum particle radii of rmin = 10 micrometer and rmax in the interval 1-10 cm. The reported water production rate correlates well with the
dust production rate post-perihelion, but fails to do so pre-perihelion, an effect possibly linked to the high CO2/H2O ratio measured before perihelion. The derived maximum
dust-loss rate at perihelion is (0.5-1.8)E4 kg/s.
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All authors F. Moreno, M. Serra-Ricart, J. Licandro, P.J. Gutiérrez, L.M. Lara, I. Mariblanca-Escalona, M.R. Alarcón
Nuclear Experiment
The electromagnetic decay of $^{250m}$No and the stability of neutron deficient Rf isotopes
A. Lopez-Martens, K. Hauschild, R. Chakma et al. (+16 more)
The electromagnetic decay of the $\approx$40 $\mu$s isomer of $^{250}$No has been investigated using the Geant4 toolkit for the simulations of the interaction of particles through matter. It is concluded that the decay does not follow the pattern established in the lighter isotones, where the isomer decays directly to members of the ground state rotational band. An alternative scenario is proposed. The implications on the location of the isotopic border for
neutron deficient Rf isotopes are discussed.
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All authors A. Lopez-Martens, K. Hauschild, R. Chakma, O. Dorvaux, B. Gall, K. Kessaci, M.L. Chelnokov, V.I. Chepigin, A.V. Isaev, I.N. Izosimov, D.E. Katrasev, A.A. Kuznetsova, O.N. Malyshev, A.G. Popeko, Yu.A. Popov, E.A. Sokol, A.I. Svirikhin, M. S. Tezekbayeva, A.V. Yeremin
Computational Physics
Extension of a multi-region free-surface MHD solver beyond the inductionless approximation
Min Ki Jung, Brian Wynne, Francisco Saenz et al. (+4 more)
Free-surface
liquid metal flows are a leading candidate for the
plasma-facing components of future fusion reactors, but existing transient, three-dimensional, free-surface MHD solvers rely on the inductionless approximation, in which the induced
magnetic field is neglected. This paper extends the open-source solver FreeMHD [B. Wynne et al., Phys.
Plasmas 32, 013907 (2025)] beyond that approximation, resolving the induced field self-consistently with a vector-potential formulation that enforces $\nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{B}=0$ by construction while preserving the original multi-region, two-phase framework. It is verified against the analytical Shercliff and Hunt duct flows, against flows driven by a time-varying applied field, and against the deformation of a free
liquid metal jet crossing a non-uniform field, and validated against free-surface height measurements from the LMX-U experiment. The experiment validates the overall free-surface solution rather than finite-$R_m$ effects, which the transient-field cases verify. To our knowledge this is the first open-source, fully three-dimensional free-surface
liquid metal solver to resolve the
evolution of the induced
magnetic field, providing a basis for modeling the finite
magnetic Reynolds number conditions expected in large-scale, transient fusion events.
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All authors Min Ki Jung, Brian Wynne, Francisco Saenz, Yufan Xu, Jabir Al-Salami, Yong-Su Na, Egemen Kolemen
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Predicting Primordial Non-Gaussianity Measurements in the CSST Spectroscopic Survey
Jiangnan Duan, Yan Gong, Qi Xiong et al. (+6 more)
Primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) is a fundamental probe of the physics of the early Universe and inflation. Here we present a comprehensive study of the constraints on the local-type PNG parameter, $f_{\rm NL}$, for the spectroscopic
galaxy survey of the upcoming Chinese Space-station Survey
Telescope (CSST). Utilizing the high-resolution Jiutian N-body simulation suite, we construct realistic mock catalogs for emission line
galaxies (ELGs) at three representative
redshifts $z=0.3$, 0.6, and 0.9. The expected CSST observational characteristics are also considered, including
redshift uncertainties and selection functions based on signal-to-noise ratios of emission lines. We develop a robust analysis framework for the
redshift-space
galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum that accounts for
redshift-space distortions, scale-dependent bias, and nonlinear effects. For the parameter $p$ in the PNG bias $b_{\phi}$ with $p=0.55$, we find $f_{\rm NL}=-4\pm43$ if only using the power spectrum data, and $f_{\rm NL}=3\pm41$ after combining the bispectrum data, reducing the uncertainty by $\sim$5%.For the $p=1$ case, the constraint results are $f_{\rm NL}=-3\pm86$ and $54^{+70}_{-80}$ for comparison. This work demonstrates the potential of the Stage IV surveys like CSST to probe inflationary physics, and highlights the importance of higher-order statistics in extracting information from large-scale structure surveys.
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All authors Jiangnan Duan, Yan Gong, Qi Xiong, Haitao Miao, Xuelei Chen, Qi Guo, Ming Li, Yun Liu, Wenxiang Pei
Quantum Physics
Enhancing the teleportation fidelity of a quantum network using purification
Soumit Roy, Md Sohel Mondal, Siddhartha Santra et al. (+1 more)
Complex
quantum networks can support a diverse set of long-range
entanglement distribution schemes ranging from linear repeater protocols to multipath
entanglement purification strategies. As a result, a network's resourcefulness, that is its ability to facilitate
quantum communication, depends on the deployed distribution scheme. In this work, we analyse and compare the resourcefulness of
quantum networks across a broad range of network
topologies, including both regular and random networks, under two distinct
entanglement distribution schemes. The first relies on
entanglement swapping along a single path connecting a source-target pair, while the second exploits
entanglement purification using multiple paths between the same source and target nodes. The resourcefulness of the network is quantified using a recently described metric [1] that averages over the maximum teleportation fidelity between arbitrary source-target pairs in the network. We present
algorithms for estimating this metric under constraints of edge-usage and ordering of paths. Our results not only demonstrate the sensitivity of the average maximum teleportation fidelity metric to the choice of
entanglement distribution protocol, but also highlight the significant improvements enabled by network purification schemes. In particular, purification-based approaches can substantially enhance average teleportation fidelity, thereby improving the overall teleportation capability of
quantum networks.
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All authors Soumit Roy, Md Sohel Mondal, Siddhartha Santra, Indranil Chakrabarty
Soft Condensed Matter
Ewald summing irreducible components of flow around active particles
Mayurakshi Deb and Rajesh Singh
We present a method to compute Ewald summation for the irreducible components of flow around active particles to study hydrodynamic interactions in active colloidal suspensions. An active particle is modeled as a colloidal sphere with a surface slip velocity. Using this model, we obtain an irreducible representation of the fluid flow produced by an active particle in periodic geometry of Stokes flow for an arbitrary surface slip. The solution of the active flow is obtained in terms of
lattice sum of the Oseen tensor and their derivatives. The
lattice sum is accelerated using the Ewald summation technique. We apply the method to compute explicit expression for rigid body motion of hydrodynamically interacting active particles. Our method presents a way for dynamic simulation of active particles due to arbitrary mode of active slip in periodic geometry of Stokes flow.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
ASEP/DSSYK duality and strange correlator
Kazumi Okuyama
We show that the moment of the transfer
matrix of the double scaled SYK model is written as an overlap between the stationary state of ASEP (asymmetric simple exclusion process) and a product state. We argue that this overlap is an analogue of the strange correlator appearing in the correspondence between the Levin-Wen string-net model and the Turaev-Viro state sum.
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Nuclear Theory
Vortex Nucleons as Partial-Wave Filters in Nucleon–Nucleon Scattering
Jinniu Hu, Ying Zhang and Hong Shen
We propose
vortex nucleon scattering as an angular-momentum-resolved probe of nucleon–nucleon partial waves. Using the standard $LSJ$ partial-wave $S$
matrix as input, we show that an on-axis
vortex incident state with a fixed orbital angular-momentum projection $m_L=\ell$ imposes the direct selection rule $L\geq |\ell|$ on the initial nucleon–nucleon partial waves. As a result, the initial $S$ wave is excluded for $\ell=1$, while both the initial $S$ and $P$ waves are excluded for $\ell=2$. The underlying phase shifts are not modified. Instead, the
vortex external state changes how the ordinary partial waves are projected into the scattering amplitude. We further analyze off-axis scattering, where the displacement of the target from the
vortex axis introduces Bessel-function weights and partially relaxes the on-axis selection rule. These results suggest that
vortex nucleons can provide a new experimental handle on the partial-wave content of the strong nucleon–nucleon interaction.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons
$d$-wave altermagnetism revealed by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Guangkai Zhang, Yuehong Li, Xubin Ye et al. (+16 more)
Altermagnetism defines a third fundamental class of collinear
magnetic order, featuring compensated
magnetic moments with antiparallel
spin alignment, yet lifted Kramers degeneracy without the need for relativistic
spin-orbit coupling. Its ability to host
spin-polarized electronic bands and unconventional
chiral magnons makes it a promising platform for functional materials. However, experimental verification has proven challenging; while circular dichroism in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) has been suggested as a signature of
chiral magnons, it remains controversial whether this effect is an intrinsic property of altermagnetism or an artifact of experimental geometry. In this work, we resolve this debate and provide unambiguous experimental evidence of $d$-wave altermagnetism in the strongly correlated Lieb-
lattice magnet La$_2$O$_3$Mn$_2$Se$_2$. The RIXS spectra exhibit a $d$-wave-
symmetry circular dichroism in the
magnetic excitations that vanishes in the paramagnetic phase. Through RIXS-operator
symmetry analysis and exact-diagonalization calculations, we prove that the observed dichroism is a direct consequence of altermagnetic
symmetry constraints, independent of
magnon branch splitting. Our results provide definitive evidence for the experimental realization of $d$-wave altermagnetism in La$_2$O$_3$Mn$_2$Se$_2$ and establish circularly polarized RIXS as a highly
symmetry-sensitive spectroscopic framework for detecting
magnetic phases that evade conventional probes.
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All authors Guangkai Zhang, Yuehong Li, Xubin Ye, Vincent C. Morano, Sze Tung Li, Jaewon Choi, Rebecca Scatena, Shuai Tang, Maocai Pi, Mengqi Ye, Mirian Garcia-Fernandez, Alessandro Bombardi, Xiaomei Qin, Zhao Pan, Daniel G. Mazzone, Qisi Wang, Yi Lu, Yao Shen, Youwen Long