Quantum Physics
Memory-assisted advantage for state transfer in disordered quantum many-body scar system
Paranjoy Chaki and Ujjwal Sen
We analyze how
memory in disorder facilitates
quantum communication in many-body scar systems. We consider three distinct types of disorder, viz., memoryful, and memoryless uniform and Gaussian, and compare their respective performances in facilitating
quantum state transfer. Using the maximum transfer fidelity and fidelity area as figures of merit, we find that memoryful disorder yields a better performance than the memoryless disordered channels. Furthermore, the maximum transfer fidelity exhibits an initial
parabolic decay with disorder strength, followed by a linear decrease, for all the disorder models considered. We introduce a degree of scarness, and show that it is higher for memoryful disorder in comparison to memoryless disorders, implying a role of scarness in the
quantum state transfer protocol. We further perform a scaling analysis, revealing that
memory effect in disorder is not only beneficial for short-distance but also long-distance
quantum state transfer. Finally, we show that the state yielding the maximum transfer fidelity has larger inverse participation ratio for memoryful disorder in comparison to the other two disorders, highlighting the role of nonergodicity in enhancing state transfer.
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Computational Physics · Cross-listed from cs.LG
Trainable Photonic Measurement for Physics-Informed PDE Learning
Jiale Linghu, Hao Dong and Yangshuai Wang
Photonic
quantum machine learning offers a route to trainable physical representations built from phase, interference and measurement. However, its role in scientific machine learning remains largely unexplored. Physics-informed neural fields provide a natural setting, because differential equations require trial spaces that preserve phase, frequency and derivative structure. Here we introduce a photonic
quantum neural field in which coordinates become trainable optical phases, are mixed by multi-
photon Fock-space interference and are decoded from
photon-number measurements. The photonic
circuit is optimized as the neural-field representation itself, not as a fixed feature map or hardware accelerator. Photonic measurement is therefore a trainable representation on which the physics-informed residual is minimized. Across seven
elliptic, wave, nonlinear dispersive and inverse PDE
benchmarks, we observe a phase-complexity transition: classical coordinate and
Fourier-feature networks suffice in smooth regimes, whereas the photonic field is most accurate when residual derivatives amplify phase mismatch. In the hardest regimes it gives the lowest errors, with margins reaching an order of magnitude and about one quarter of the trainable parameters of classical baselines. Frozen and shuffled controls, together with noise stress tests, attribute this gain to learned interference and stable Fock-probability readout under compound perturbations. These results identify photonic
quantum measurement as a representation-learning principle for scientific machine learning.
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Optics
Integration of diamond nanobeams with SnVs on Al2O3 waveguides for scalable quantum photonic chip application
Yeting Yang, Ryota Kitagawa, Tetsuya Miyatake et al. (+14 more)
Tin vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond are promising solid state
qubits for integrated
quantum photonics. Here, we fabricate and characterize a diamond on Al2O3 dual taper waveguide structure containing SnV centers, demonstrating optical coupling between the diamond nanobeam and the underlying Al2O3 waveguide. The devices are realized using a
bilayer fabrication approach compatible with wafer scale lithography. Clear guided SnV- emission is observed in all optically active devices, indicating effective optical coupling in the integrated structure. These results demonstrate a scalable fabrication approach toward integrating diamond color centers with photonic waveguides.
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All authors Yeting Yang, Ryota Kitagawa, Tetsuya Miyatake, Masaharu Hida, Naoki Fushimi, Koki Kaminaka, Takuto Yamaguchi, Toshiki Iwai, Itsuki Takagi, Hidetsugu Matsukiyo, Satomi Ishida, Satoshi Iwamoto, Manabu Ohtomo, Toshiyuki Miyazawa, Kenichi Kawaguchi, Ryoichi Ishihara, Shintaro Sato
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Dynamical evolution of dark matter subhaloes in the Milky Way: role of the Galactic disc
Junnan Shen, Go Ogiya and Jens Stücker
Dark matter (DM) subhaloes orbiting inside the Milky Way (MW) are promising targets for DM searches, and reliable predictions for the detectability and spatial distribution of their signals are crucial for probing the nature of DM. Recent work showed that
tidal forces from the baryonic components of the MW boost the efficiency of subhalo mass-loss, although the underlying physical processes remain insufficiently understood. This study focuses on clarifying the role of the
Galactic disc. By using $N$-body simulations, we examine how the dynamical
evolution of subhaloes varies with the inclination angle between their orbits and the
Galactic disc. Subhaloes whose orbits are inclined by only a few degrees with respect to the
Galactic disc pass through it quickly, which enhances
tidal shock heating and leads to a pronounced increase in mass-loss efficiency. In contrast, when a subhalo orbit is exactly coplanar with the
Galactic disc, adiabatic shielding suppresses the energy input from
tidal shocks, resulting in a lower mass-loss efficiency.
Tidal stripping lowers the DM density within subhaloes, thereby attenuating the luminosity of their DM signals. Consequently, we expect that subhaloes located at distances of $\sim 0.3$–$2$\,kpc from the
Galactic disc plane emit only weak signals, whereas those remaining embedded in the disc are more promising candidates for indirect DM detection, provided that contamination from baryonic emission sources can be carefully modelled and subtracted. Although their mass-loss histories differ significantly, the structural
evolution of subhaloes is still well described by the
tidal tracks reported in the literature.
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Quantum Gases
Josephson spectroscopy in a circular atomic tunnel junction with acceleration-induced symmetry breaking
Yurii Borysenko, Yuriy Bidasyuk, Olena Prykhodko et al. (+5 more)
We study Josephson dynamics in a long atomic Bose-Josephson junction formed by two tunnel-coupled coplanar Bose-Einstein-condensate rings. An in-plane linear acceleration breaks the axial
symmetry of the trap and transforms a single Josephson
plasma oscillation into a multimode population-imbalance response. Gross-Pitaevskii simulations and Bogoliubov-de Gennes analysis show that the additional spectral components arise from collective modes that acquire finite overlap with the population-imbalance operator under
symmetry breaking, with their activation governed by reflection
symmetry about the acceleration direction. We also propose a mode-resolved Josephson-spectroscopy protocol based on a weak localized periodic perturbation. Frequency scans reveal resonant amplitude peaks and phase shifts at the eigenfrequencies of active Bogoliubov modes, while angular scans of the drive position provide access to the angular structure of the corresponding mode density perturbations. A dissipative time-dependent Bogoliubov theory yields analytical response functions in quantitative agreement with full Gross-Pitaevskii simulations in the linear regime. Our results demonstrate that accelerated dual-ring condensates provide a controllable platform for
symmetry-selected Josephson dynamics and spectroscopic probing of collective modes.
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All authors Yurii Borysenko, Yuriy Bidasyuk, Olena Prykhodko, Gerhard Birkl, Dominik Pfeiffer, Ludwig Lind, Mark Edwards, Alexander Yakimenko
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Onsite Calibration of the Shear-Shear Correlation
Cong Liu, Jun Zhang and Zhenjie Liu
Calibration of the
cosmic shear bias is crucial for justifying the cosmological results. However, it is still unclear to what extent calibrations based on simulated
galaxy images, as what is commonly done in the weak
lensing community, can capture the real shear bias, especially given the complicated instrumental effects. On the other hand, selections of the source
galaxies (magnitude cut,
redshift binning, etc.) made in real measurement, as well as
stochastic but possibly correlated shear biases, may introduce errors to the shear-shear correlations that are hard to calibrate apriori. In our previous few papers, we have shown that the field-distortion signal associated with each
galaxy image can be saved in the shear catalog to provide onsite calibrations of shear bias for both
galaxy-
galaxy lensing and shear-shear correlation. In this paper, we apply this method to the HSCpdr3 shear catalog generated by the
Fourier\_Quad shear measurement method. Using our onsite calibration method, we find that the shear biases vary with the selections of photo-z bins, SNR cuts, optical bands, as well as alternative forms of the shear
estimators. Nevertheless, after calibrations, the shear-shear correlation functions and cosmological parameter constraints show consistent results in all the cases considered. The fiducial results from the r/i/z bands shear catalog with $\mathrm{SNR}>10$ cut yield: $S_8=0.740^{+0.030}_{-0.030}$ and $\Omega_m=0.383^{+0.129}_{-0.132}$
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Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
An integrable semi-discretization of the two-component Hunter-Saxton equation
Ayako Hori, Yuta Tanaka, Ken-ichi Maruno et al. (+1 more)
In this paper, we propose an integrable semi-discretization of the two-component Hunter–Saxton (2-HS) equation, the short-wave limit of the two-component Camassa–Holm (2-CH) equation. At the continuous level, we show that the 2-HS equation can be derived from a new bilinear formulation, distinct from the conventional one in the literature, via a pseudo 2-reduction and a hodograph transformation. For the semi-discrete construction, we first discretize the underlying bilinear equations in the spatial direction. We then impose the pseudo 2-reduction and apply a discrete hodograph transformation to obtain the semi-discrete system in the physical variables. To the best of our knowledge, the resulting system is the first integrable semi-discretization that preserves the two-component structure of the 2-HS equation. We construct the N-
soliton solutions of the continuous and semi-discrete systems in Wronskian and Casoratian forms, respectively. The integrability of the semi-discrete system is inherited from the underlying integrable hierarchy and is further verified by a Lax pair.
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All authors Ayako Hori, Yuta Tanaka, Ken-ichi Maruno, Yasuhiro Ohta
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Cross-listed from cs.LG
Attention as Frustrated Synchronization
Joshua Nunley
A network of oscillators that synchronizes perfectly computes nothing further, so an
attention architecture built from synchronization must locate its computation in structured departures from agreement. We introduce the Frustrated Synchronization Network (FSN), whose
token states are phases on a
torus and whose entire value pathway is one learned complex coupling kernel over harmonics and a one-step delay. Each component of the kernel is a frustration in the sense of the synchronization literature. The complex phases are static Kuramoto-Sakaguchi frustration angles, the signed harmonics are repulsive Daido components, and the delay term, which couples each
token to the successors of the
tokens it attends to, is algebraically identical to Kuramoto-Sakaguchi coupling whose frustration angle is the data's own transition, so next-
token prediction is implemented as synchronization frustrated by the data. At matched one-million-parameter and training budgets on character-level text and code, the FSN's validation loss is below a tuned RoPE-SwiGLU
transformer's at every epoch measured, and the comparison survives training the baseline to convergence: every thirty-epoch enwik8 seed finishes below the
transformer's converged fifty-epoch loss of 1.611, and the FSN's completed fifty-epoch runs converge to 1.5953 +/- 0.0014. A variant with every feed-forward block replaced by mean-field coupling to learned collective modes, leaving no multilayer perceptron in the stack, tracks the
transformer. On natural text the unfrustrated base layer falls behind the converged
transformer at every copy depth, worst on long-range copy events; the kernel reverses the deficit at every depth of four and beyond. Headline comparisons are at the one-million-parameter scale; a scale ladder is complete through four million parameters with the advantage persisting, and remaining arms are marked as in progress.
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Materials Science · Cross-listed from cs.LG
Robust and Interpretable Adaptation of Equivariant Materials Foundation Models via Sparsity-promoting Fine-tuning
Youngwoo Cho, Seunghoon Yi, Wooil Yang et al. (+6 more)
Pre-trained materials foundation models, or machine learning interatomic potentials, leverage general physicochemical knowledge to effectively approximate potential energy surfaces. However, they often require domain-specific calibration due to physicochemical diversity as well as mismatches between practical computational settings and those used in constructing the pre-training data. To address this, we propose a sparsity-promoting fine-tuning method that selectively updates model parameters by exploiting the structural properties of E(3)-equivariant materials foundation models. On energy and force prediction tasks across molecular and crystalline
benchmarks, our method matches or surpasses full fine-tuning and equivariant low-rank adaptation while updating only $\sim$3~% of parameters, and in some cases as little as $\sim$0.5~%. Beyond energy and force calibration, we further demonstrate task generalizability by applying our method to
magnetic moment prediction and magnetism-aware total energy modeling. Finally, analysis of sparsity patterns reveals physically interpretable signatures, such as enhanced $d$-orbital contributions in transition metal systems. Overall, our results establish sparsity-promoting fine-tuning as a flexible and interpretable method for domain specialization of equivariant materials foundation models.
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All authors Youngwoo Cho, Seunghoon Yi, Wooil Yang, Sungmo Kang, Young-woo Son, Jaegul Choo, Joonseok Lee, Soo Kyung Kim, Hongkee Yoon
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Polarization analysis of $\chi_{cJ}$ decay into octet baryonic pairs
Cai-Ying Pang, Rong-Gang Ping and Dai-Hui Wei
This work presents a comprehensive analysis of polarization transfer in the decays \(\chi_{cJ}\) (\(J=0,1,2\)) to octet
baryon-antibaryon pairs within a polarized electron-positron collision environment. Using the
spin density
matrix formalism, we trace the polarization from the initial beams through the production chain \(e^+e^- \to \psi(2S) \to \gamma \chi_{cJ}\) to the final-state
baryon-antibaryon system. The helicity amplitude analysis for \(\chi_{c1} \to B\bar{B}\) confirms the universal angular distribution parameter \(\alpha = -1/3\), as dictated by the charge-conjugation helicity selection rule. For \(\chi_{c2}\) decays, \(\alpha\) and the transverse polarization depend on two independent amplitudes, and our
quark-model calculations agree with existing data. We demonstrate that the longitudinal beam polarization \(P_z\) modifies the
spin observables for \(\chi_{c1}\) and \(\chi_{c2}\), offering new experimental handles at future polarized facilities like the Super \(\tau\)-Charm Facility(STCF) to test decay mechanisms and explore baryonic
spin entanglement as a
quantum information resource.
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Superconductivity
Counterintuitive inverse superconducting transition beyond 4He-cooling limit
Haowen Han, Yi Bian, Tong Ma et al. (+9 more)
Thermally driven
quantum-orders observed in exceptional instances may redefine the role of thermal-fluctuation from a source of decoherence to a resource for coherent-state engineering. While preliminary signs of counterintuitive temperature-rise-triggered superconductivity manifested in CeCu2Si2, ErRh4B4, Ho1.2Mo6S8 and (La,Ce)Al2, their critical-temperatures (Tc-inv) remain below Kelvin-range, precluding substantial applications. Here, we report field-modulated inverse-superconducting-transitions above 4He-cooling-limit in Eu-based infinite-layer nickelates (EuxNd1-xNiO2 and EuxPr1-xNiO2) grown on a substrate under both overdoped and underdoped regimes. Paradigmatically, superconductivity with zero-resistance is confined between Tc-inv (2.6-5.4 K) and another higher normal-Tc, rising and decreasing with applied
magnetic-field, respectively. Starting from the resistive-state below Tc-inv, the inverse-superconducting-transition is driven by not only temperature-rising, but also current-density, while superconductivity further vanishes at higher temperature and current thresholds. The Kelvin-range inverse superconducting transition is plausibly explained by temperature-induced alternating dominance of effective
magnetic-fields arising from Eu2+4f7 related compensations relative to the upper-critical-field. Furthermore, an extended-phenomenological-framework is also supported by reemerged superconductivity below 300 mK under
magnetic-field, giving rise to an unprecedented temperature-induced reentrant superconductivity. Our findings establish
magnetic-interaction-reconfigured high-Tc systems as fertile platforms for exploring
quantum phenomena that reverse thermal-decoherence paradigm, also enabling antithetical-designs to unlock untapped application-scenarios for
quantum-phase-transition devices.
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All authors Haowen Han, Yi Bian, Tong Ma, Yusong Zhao, Nuofu Chen, Chuanying Xi, Ze Wang, Binghui Ge, Hongliang Dong, Jia-Cai Nie, Ho-Kwang Mao, Jikun Chen
Applied Physics
Unified 1D Theory and Design Principles for Harmonic Electrothermal Characterization of Nanoscale Conductors
Chuyue Peng, Joshua Ginzburg, Annika Shah et al. (+1 more)
Electrothermal characterization based on the third or other harmonics of an ac Joule heating current is widely deployed for the thermal analysis of solid conductors and their environment, including solid substrates and fluids. However, a unified theory that bridges heat transfer in two archetypal experimental geometries - suspended vs. substrate-supported conductor - has been missing. Here, we present and validate such a theory that explicitly accounts for finite conductor length, thermal mass, and environmental coupling through a unified thermal transfer function. This framework enables the prediction of voltage responses at all harmonics of the driving current (dc, 1$\omega$, 2$\omega$, 3$\omega$) and the formulation of design principles for the characterization of nanoscale conductors. The conductor length $l$ is the primary parameter controlling the frequency regime at which the conductor's thermal mass dominates the thermal response, with the characteristic frequency $\omega_\mathrm{c}=\alpha/l^2$, where $\alpha$ is the conductor's thermal diffusivity - closely related to a criterion previously reported for suspended wires free from environmental coupling. Our unified framework generalizes this result, revealing that sufficiently weak environmental coupling is a necessary condition for $\omega_\mathrm{c}$ to govern the onset of thermal-mass-dominated response. Optimization of interfacial thermal resistance and environmental thermal impedance may further improve temperature resolution and facilitate on-substrate implementations.
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All authors Chuyue Peng, Joshua Ginzburg, Annika Shah, Matthias Kuehne
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Transient Bias for CP Domain Wall Decay and Dark Matter
Sally Yuxuan Hao, Fangchao Liu, Shota Nakagawa et al. (+1 more)
Spontaneous CP violation (SCPV) provides an attractive solution to the strong CP problem. However, SCPV after inflation suffers from the formation of CP domain walls, requiring the maximal temperature of the Universe to lie below the CP-breaking scale. In the present work, we then propose a dynamical mechanism that removes this cosmological constraint without introducing permanent explicit CPV. We consider a new scalar field that acquires a large field value with a nontrivial phase in the early Universe and induces a transient bias among degenerate CP
vacua through a higher-dimensional interaction with a CP-breaking scalar field. This bias triggers the decay of CP domain walls after they form. As the new scalar field evolves toward the origin, the bias disappears, leaving the low-energy CP structure intact. We derive the conditions for successful domain wall decay and identify the viable parameter space. Furthermore, we point out that the coherent oscillation of the new scalar field naturally survives as dark matter, linking the resolution of the CP domain wall problem to the origin of dark matter.
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All authors Sally Yuxuan Hao, Fangchao Liu, Shota Nakagawa, Yuichiro Nakai
Quantum Physics · Cross-listed from cs.IT
Covert Block-Activity Information Transmission over Thermal-Loss Bosonic Channels: Latency–Payload Limits and Finite-Key Achievability
Qipeng Qian and Yuntao Qian
We study covert block-activity information transmission over a thermal-loss bosonic channel, where messages are encoded in weight-constrained activity patterns that Bob must recover through block-local decisions by prescribed deadlines. Shared circular Gaussian displacement modulation makes Willie's averaged lost-light state exactly thermal, with a strictly convex relative-
entropy cost in signal energy, whereas a fixed Gaussian receiver at Bob yields a Gaussian mean-shift divergence linear in energy. This asymmetry produces an exact finite-block energy–information frontier and a detector-independent latency converse, matched in order by a block-reset cumulative-sum detector. For block covertness budget $\delta_b$ and error target $\epsilon_b$, the required active length scales as $\delta_b^{-1}\log^2(1/\epsilon_b)$ up to an explicit channel–receiver factor. Lifting this local law to communication yields the matching transmission limit $\log M=\Theta(\sqrt n/\log n)$ for the symmetric coordinatewise architecture under a fixed total covertness budget, maximal-message covertness, vanishing maximal error, and local deadlines. A relaxed full-horizon reference with the same modulation family and fixed measurement supports $\Theta(\sqrt n)$, showing that covertness and the selected measurement alone do not impose the extra logarithmic factor. Finally, public quadrature phase-shift keying codebooks selected by $O(\sqrt n)$ secret bits remove ideal continuous shared randomness without changing the payload order.
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Physics and Society · Cross-listed from q-bio.PE
Effects of spatial environmental noise on evolution of cooperation
Janguk Kim, Seung-Woo Son and Hye Jin Park
We investigate the effects of environmental noise on cooperation in a spatial evolutionary game model with variable population size. Building on a one-dimensional
lattice model in which vacancies promote cooperation through spatial selection, we add random noise to the environmental quality parameter and consider two distinct types: annealed noise, where the environmental quality fluctu ates independently at each site and each time step, and quenched noise, where each site is assigned a permanently fixed random value. For annealed noise, we develop a mean-field theory by replacing the noise-dependent death probabilities with their distribution averages, and find that increasing the noise intensity shifts both the cooperator-defector phase boundary and the absorbing boundary upward in the parameter space, simultaneously expanding the cooperative regime and the extinc tion region. These predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. In contrast, quenched noise leaves the phase boundary nearly unchanged across all noise levels, exerting only a weak effect on cooperator frequency. Together, these results demonstrate that temporal fluctuations, rather than static spatial heterogeneity, are the primary driver of noise-induced shifts in the cooperative phase structure.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Bidirectional motion of antiferromagnetic skyrmions driven by competing spin torques
Laichuan Shen, Wang Kang, Xichao Zhang et al. (+4 more)
Antiferromagnetic skyrmions are swirling topological
spin textures with rich dynamics and intriguing transport properties, yet their bidirectional dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the dynamics of
antiferromagnetic skyrmions driven by current-induced
spin-transfer and
spin-orbit torques. We computationally demonstrate that
antiferromagnetic skyrmions moving in one direction at low current densities can reverse their motion direction when the driving current is above a threshold. Based on the Thiele approach analysis, we show that this bidirectional motion originates from a change in the relative strengths of two effective forces arising from
spin-transfer and
spin-orbit torques. Furthermore, exploiting this bidirectional motion on a single racetrack, we design programmable logic gates. Our results not only uncover a hidden mechanism for bidirectional skyrmion motion but also facilitate the development of antiferromagnet-based logic devices.
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All authors Laichuan Shen, Wang Kang, Xichao Zhang, Qiuping Huang, Yalin Lu, Zhifeng Zhu, Yan Zhou
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
ALMA 2D super-resolution imaging survey of Ophiuchus Class I/flat spectrum/II disks. II. Statistical analysis of stellar and disk properties
Ayumu Shoshi, Masayuki Yamaguchi, Takayuki Muto et al. (+5 more)
We present a statistical study of
stellar and
dust disk properties for young
stellar objects in the Ophiuchus
star-forming region. Building on our previous paper (Shoshi et al. 2025b), which applied two-dimensional super-resolution imaging with PRIISM to ALMA archival Band 6 continuum data and spatially resolved 78 disks, we analyze a sample of 67 systems with robust
dust-radius measurements. We combine
stellar parameters from the literature, including bolometric temperature $T_{\rm bol}$,
stellar mass $M_\ast$, and mass
accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$, with disk parameters derived from the super-resolution images, including inclination $i_{\rm disk}$, millimeter luminosity $L_{\rm mm}$, and
dust radius $R_{95\%}$. We quantify pairwise correlations and compare their behavior across evolutionary stages (Class I/FS and Class II) and between disks with and without detectable substructures. We identify substructure dependencies in $L_{\rm mm}$ and $R_{95\%}$, indicating that substructures tend to be found preferentially in relatively massive and extended disks. Moreover, we find a tight size-luminosity relation between $R_{95\%}$ and $L_{\rm mm}$. In particular, only Class II disks with substructures exhibit a steeper scaling, $R_{95\%}\propto L_{\rm mm}^{0.8}$, while the other subsamples are broadly consistent with $R_{95\%}\propto L_{\rm mm}^{0.4\text{-}0.5}$. This behavior is qualitatively consistent with disk
evolution models in which disks with
planet-induced pressure bumps follow a steeper size-luminosity relation than smooth disks. Overall, our results suggest that disk substructures play an important role in shaping the
evolution of
dust and global disk properties, while providing empirical constraints on
accretion,
dust trapping, and possible gravitational instability in young disks.
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All authors Ayumu Shoshi, Masayuki Yamaguchi, Takayuki Muto, Naomi Hirano, Ryohei Kawabe, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Shu Ishibashi, Masahiro N. Machida
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Semi-invisible Hyperon Decays in the Effective Lagrangian Approach
Lai Jiang, Ye Xing, Yu Zhou et al. (+1 more)
We systematically investigate the semi-invisible decays of hyperons (hyperon $\to \pi(/\gamma)\ +$ invisible($\psi$)) in the Mesogenesis mechanism by the effective Lagrangian approach. The one-loop hadronic contribution of triangle diagrams with final-state interactions is fully examined in the present work. Our analysis indicates that the triangle diagram yield sizable corrections to the branching ratio that are as significant as those from tree diagrams. Especially for the $\Sigma^-\to \pi^-\psi$ and $\Xi^0 \to \pi^0 \psi$, their loop contributions cannot be ignored. Consequently, the branching ratios of hyperon hadronic semi-invisible decays are found to be of order $10^{-5}$, particularly for $\Sigma^+\to\pi^+\psi$, $\Xi^0\to\pi^0\psi$, and $\Xi^-\to\pi^-\psi$, whereas those of radiative semi-invisible decays are less than $10^{-7}$.
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All authors Lai Jiang, Ye Xing, Yu Zhou, Xiao-hui Hu
Computational Physics
Deep Research in Physical Sciences: A Multi-Agent Framework and Comprehensive Benchmark
Yigeng Jiang, Tengchao Yang, Taoyong Cui et al. (+25 more)
Deep research
agents are Large
Language Model (LLM)-based systems designed for autonomous, multi-step scientific
reasoning, and they hold immense potential for accelerating research in the physical sciences. However, comprehensive and in-depth evaluations of their capabilities within this domain remain lacking. To address this gap, we introduce PhySciBench, a
benchmark highly relevant to physical science research, comprising 200 expert-curated questions, balanced between physics and chemistry, across six task categories that reflect real-world scientific workflows. Evaluations of state-of-the-art models and
agent systems on PhySciBench reveal limited performance; even the strongest baseline, Gemini Deep Research, achieves an accuracy of only 33.5%. Analysis of failure cases identifies three recurrent deficiencies: fragility in extended
reasoning chains, limited knowledge transfer across steps, and a lack of physics-grounded self-verification. Motivated by these findings, we develop DelveAgent, a modular multi-
agent framework equipped with an adaptive planning loop, dual-granularity
memory, and a hierarchical physics-grounded reflection mechanism. Across four scientific
benchmarks, DelveAgent improves accuracy by up to 7.5 percentage points while reducing inference costs to approximately one-third of the strongest baseline. These results establish the significance of PhySciBench as a critical
benchmark for evaluating AI systems in the physical sciences and demonstrate that architectural specialization can effectively enhance the reliability of autonomous scientific research. Our data and code are publicly available at https://github.com/yigengjiang/physci-deepresearch.
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All authors Yigeng Jiang, Tengchao Yang, Taoyong Cui, Jiaxing Wan, Yuan Wang, Weida Wang, Zhiyu Liu, Chuyi Peng, Binzhao Luo, Maoli Gao, Huaihai Huang, Yuqianer Zeng, Ziyang Zheng, Dongchen Huang, Chao Chen, Zichao Liu, Weiping Shen, Shuchen Pu, Siyu Zhou, Runmin Ma, Yusong Hu, Fei Chao, Bo Zhang, Xiawu Zheng, Zifu Wang, Lei Bai, Yunqi Cai, Shufei Zhang
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Trion Hall effect in electron-hole double layers
Raghav Chaturvedi, Phuong X. Nguyen, Patrick Knüppel et al. (+4 more)
The realization of Coulomb coupled electron-hole double layers in 2D
semiconductor heterostructures has enabled the thermodynamic and transport studies of
equilibrium exciton fluids without a
magnetic field. By doping the
exciton fluid with additional electrons/holes, an
equilibrium fluid of trions - three particle bound states of electrons and holes - further emerge, providing the platform to explore new transport phenomena associated with such composite particles. Here we report the observation of a
Hall effect for trions in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers, which support Coulomb-coupled electron and hole fluids with tunable densities. The
Hall effect arises from a Lorentz force on trions under a perpendicular
magnetic field. It is manifested in both
Hall drag measurements and standard
Hall effect measurements on just one of the
semiconductor layers. For negatively charged trions, an electron
Hall effect is observed even in a hole doped WSe2 monolayer due to the presence of trion drags. The trion
Hall effect also disappears when the trions are ionized at elevated temperatures and/or high trion densities. Our work opens the door for realizing
quantum oscillations and the
quantum Hall effect for trions.
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All authors Raghav Chaturvedi, Phuong X. Nguyen, Patrick Knüppel, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kin Fai Mak, Jie Shan
High Energy Physics (Theory)
SUSY meets pseudo-Hermiticity
Cheng-Yang Lee, Gloria Cecilia de León Morales, Julio Olmos et al. (+2 more)
In this work, we construct the simplest pseudo-Hermitian
quantum field theory that is supersymmetric. This is the pseudo-Hermitian Wess-Zumino model in the sense that it contains a pair of
symplectic fermions (anti-commuting scalar fields) that satisfy the Klein-Gordon equation and a
spin-half
boson that satisfies the Dirac equation. The conventional
spin-statistics
theorem is circumvented through the use of pseudo-Hermitian conjugation to define field adjoints. To make the supersymmetry manifest, we formulate the pseudo-Hermitian Wess-Zumino model using the superfield formalism. These superfields are Grassmann-odd so it is not possible to construct non-vanishing cubic interactions using only these superfields. We show that this problem can be resolved by coupling the pseudo-Hermitian Wess-Zumino model with the Hermitian Wess-Zumino model while preserving supersymmetry.
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All authors Cheng-Yang Lee, Gloria Cecilia de León Morales, Julio Olmos, Carlos A. Vaquera-Araujo, Siyi Zhou
High Energy Physics (Theory)
A Note on Corrections to Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction
Edward Witten
If
entanglement wedge reconstruction is exact, then (under certain assumptions) the area term in the RT formula is a c-number, indicating that the choice of a bulk
quantum state does not influence the geometry. Recently Cao, Cheng, Karthikeyan, Li, and Preskill considered a generic perturbation away from exact
entanglement wedge reconstruction. The optimal reconstruction was defined; based on this, an effective area function that depends nontrivially on the
quantum state was defined and its properties were analyzed. Here we make one aspect of this picture more quantitative, by showing that if as expected the area term in the RT formula is of order 1/G while the bulk
entropy is of order 1, then the corrections to
entanglement wedge reconstruction are exponentially small (in G) relative to corrections to the area function. In the framework under discussion, there is an area function but no area operator; we discuss to what extent this is the expected behavior in holography.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)
Gluon dominance model and multiparticle production
E. S. Kokoulina, A. Ya. Kutov, V. A. Nikitin et al. (+2 more)
The
gluon dominance model describes multiparticle production of secondary particles at high energies in
lepton and
hadron interactions, including annihilation processes and heavy quarkonium decays. According to this model, the multiparticle process is divided into two stages. The first stage describes the development of a
quark-
gluon cascade as a Markov branching process in the region of perturbation QCD. For the second stage, the transformation of
quarks and
gluons into observable
hadrons (hadronization), a phenomenological scheme is proposed. It is universal and based on an experiment. The
gluon dominance model demonstrates good agreement with data over a wide energy region. It testifies that in
hadron interactions valence
quarks remain in the leading particles, and
gluons are the sources of secondary
hadrons. Quantitative estimates of the model parameters confirm the fragmentation mechanism of hadronization in leptonic interactions and the recombination mechanism in hadronic ones. The model description of the experimental distributions on the number of neutral pions in
proton interactions at 50 GeV beams in the high multiplicity region are presented for the first time. It is shown that the main contribution to this region is made by
gluon fission. These results can be useful in planning of future experiments.
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All authors E. S. Kokoulina, A. Ya. Kutov, V. A. Nikitin, V. N. Riadovikov, R. G. Shulyakovsky
Astrophysics of Galaxies
PMO Polaris CO survey. I. A 100 deg$^2$ view of the Polaris Flare
Xunchuan Liu, Bing-Gang Ju, Fujun Du et al. (+10 more)
Large-area CO surveys are essential for studying molecular cloud dynamics and
evolution; however, most have focused on the
Galactic plane, leaving high-latitude clouds less explored. We present the PMO Polaris CO Survey (PPCOS), which maps a 100~deg$^2$ region of the Polaris
Flare in the $J=1-0$ transitions of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O using the Delingha 13.7~m
telescope. As the first large-area CO survey at high
Galactic latitude ($|b| > 20^{\circ}$) with sub-arcminute resolution, PPCOS achieves sensitivities of $\sim$0.46~K for $^{12}$CO and $\sim$0.23~K for $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O at a spectral resolution of 0.16~km~s$^{-1}$ and an angular resolution of 50\arcsec. The $^{12}$CO emission reveals seven distinct complexes, where only $\sim$10% of pixels display multiple velocity components, alongside a global velocity gradient of 0.18~km~s$^{-1}$~pc$^{-1}$. Typical line widths are $1.2 \pm 0.6$~\mbox{km~s$^{-1}$} for $^{12}$CO, while $^{13}$CO components are systematically narrower ($\lesssim 0.7\,\Delta V_{\rm ^{12}CO}$). The $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO intensity ratios (5–25) indicate widespread $^{12}$CO optical thickness, resembling conditions found in
giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Globally, the CO emission divides into two groups: a major group aligned with the velocity gradient and a secondary group elongated perpendicular to it, possibly regulated by large-scale coherent dynamics. We propose a three-layer hierarchy: a dynamically assembling and dispersing periphery traced by $^{12}$CO, a more stable intermediate kernel traced by $^{13}$CO, and gravitationally bound compact cores traced by C$^{18}$O. No young
stellar objects are firmly associated with the molecular gas. PPCOS provides an ideal laboratory for studying
turbulence, hierarchical structure, and early cloud
evolution in a nearby, relatively simple molecular cloud.
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All authors Xunchuan Liu, Bing-Gang Ju, Fujun Du, Tianwei Zhang, Lixia Yuan, Paul F. Goldsmith, Lianghao Lin, Zhihong He, Chao Zhang, Ping Yan, Shengyu Jin, Yongxing Zhang, Dengrong Lu
Mathematical Physics
Symplectic Isomorphism Between Strong-Coupling Criticality and Finite-Strain Bifurcation
Yu-Xin Xie
The analytical determination of critical scaling in three-dimensional strongly coupled field theories is inherently restricted by the Borel non-summability of perturbative expansions. In this paper, we establish a
symplectic isomorphism that maps the infrared dynamics of scalar
quantum field theories onto the finite-strain bifurcation mechanics of hyperelastic continua. By reformulating the renormalization group flow as an effective spatial
Hamiltonian evolution within a
symplectic phase space, we identify the critical fixed point with the spectral degeneration of a continuous Riccati-Lyapunov dynamical system. The algebraic integrity of this
geometric correspondence is rigorously verified against exactly solvable limits, recovering both the Gaussian free-field scaling and the localized Jackiw-Rebbi zero-mode of the continuum Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Applying this framework to the 3D Ising universality class, we construct a self-consistent algebraic scaling Ansatz for the anomalous dimension $\eta$. This derivation dispenses with arbitrary perturbative truncations, demonstrating instead that interaction-induced non-perturbative screening emerges as a strict consequence of the nonlinear self-consistency demanded by the continuous Algebraic Riccati Equation. The resulting rational scaling law functions as a
geometric Padé approximant that asymptotically satisfies the unitarity bound limits, providing a mathematically transparent, first-principles macroscopic impedance analogue for the dynamic suppression of strong-coupling divergences.
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Quantum Physics
Coherence measures in the strictly incoherent operation framework and its application in the multi-path interferometer
Peiru Li, Jingyan Liu and Ming-Jing Zhao
Quantifying coherence is an essential endeavor in both
quantum foundations and
quantum technologies. In this paper, we study the coherence measures in terms of the diagonal states in the strictly incoherent operations framework. Specifically, we propose a coherence measure in terms of fidelity and provide its analytical expression. The relations between the proposed coherence measure and some other coherence measures are derived. Furthermore, we prove its monotonicity under incoherent operations. As an application, we explore the role of the proposed coherence measure in characterizing the waveness in the multi-path interferometer. As a result, some wave-particle dualities in terms of fidelity are presented. This work not only deepens the interpretation of the diagonal states on characterizing
quantum states, but also promotes the quantitative description of the wave-particle behaviors in the multi-path interferometer.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
Holographic Dual of PT Symmetric BCFT
Ryota Maeda, Nanami Nakamura and Tadashi Takayanagi
We present a
holographic dual of a two dimensional conformal field theory with non-hermitian but Parity-Time (PT) symmetric boundary conditions, by applying the AdS/BCFT duality and by introducing an imaginary valued scalar field localized on an end-of-the-world brane. We find that as we increase the strength of the non-hermitian PT symmetric interactions, the system experiences a spontaneous PT
symmetry breaking. We also consider its Wick rotated setup as a new
quantum quenched state and show that its growth of
entanglement entropy can be larger than the standard results obtained from standard Cardy states.
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Soft Condensed Matter
Dynamics of monohydroxy alcohols with chain-like structures: Hydrogen bonding lifetime, chain swapping, and Debye process
Shiwang Cheng and Shalin Patil
By assuming reversible H-bonding association and dissociation, this work provides a description of the supramolecular structure and dynamics of monohydroxy alcohols (MAs) within the framework of a recently proposed living chain model (LCM). Structurally, reversible H-bonding leads to a single exponential distribution of the molar concentration of the supramolecular chain with length N. Dynamically, reversible H-bonding enables supramolecular chain breakage and recombination, which modifies the relaxation time of the supramolecular chains. In addition to the structural relaxation, tau_a, and the Debye relaxation, tau_D, two other relaxation times are revealed: the chain breakage time, tau_B, and the H-bonding lifetime, tau_H. The interplay among these four-time scales defines five distinct dynamics regimes. In Regimes I and V, no supramolecular chains form. In Regimes II and IV, supramolecular chains form and give a Debye relaxation. The characteristic chain length scales as Nc~tau_D/tau_a. In these two regimes, the H-bonding lifetime controls the Debye process. In Regime III, large supramolecular chains form. In all regimes with supramolecular chain formation, the Debye relaxation comes from the overall chain end-to-end dipole reorientation and scales with Nc. Excellent agreements between experiments and LCM have been observed, leading to quantitative descriptions of the dielectric and linear viscoelastic properties of MAs. These results thus establish a theoretical framework linking reversible H-bonding interactions to supramolecular structures, dynamics, and macroscopic properties of MAs.
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Pattern Formation and Solitons
On the quasi-continuum approximation of some localized patterns in the FPUT lattice
Su Yang, Wenrong Sun, Lei Liu et al. (+1 more)
In the present work, we present a number of localized wave patterns that are theoretically analyzed and numerically illustrated to be observable within the widely applicable paradigm of the FPUT
lattice. In particular, we derive a modified KdV equation from the FPUT
lattice, which admits a variety of localized waves including these exact rational solutions representing rogue-wave profiles,
solitons and breathers on the top of not only homogeneous, but also periodic
elliptic function traveling-wave background. We utilize these exact solutions of the modified KdV reduction to construct consistent initial conditions for the FPUT
lattice and perform time stepping of the latter. Relevant comparisons between these numerical solutions of the FPUT
lattice and their associated analytical counterparts have been conducted to demonstrate good performance of the derived modified KdV reduction in approximating distinct localized wave structures from the FPUT
lattice. This approach paves the way for importing a number of quasi-continuum waveforms to the FPUT
lattice and the potential associated physical experiments, including recent ones in mechanical metamaterials.
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All authors Su Yang, Wenrong Sun, Lei Liu, Panayotis G. Kevrekidis
Fluid Dynamics
Distinguished Scaling and UTSD Structure in Weak Shock Reflection at Nearly Glancing Incidence
Justin Kin Jun Hew
We study weak shock reflection from a rigid wall in the joint limit of weak shock strength and nearly glancing incidence. In the distinguished scaling $\Mach=1+\lambda\alpha^2$, the inner reflection region is governed by the unsteady transonic small-disturbance (UTSD equation and is controlled, to leading order, by the single parameter $a_0=1/(2\sqrt{\lambda})$, independent of the ratio of specific heats $\gamma$. Thus the known UTSD detachment value $a_d=\sqrt2$ corresponds in this scaling to $\lambda_d=1/8$, with Guderley–Mach reflection for $\lambda>1/8$. The physical trajectory angle is obtained by multiplying the canonical UTSD trajectory function $g(a)$ by the Mach-number strength scale $\delta=\sqrt{2(\Mach^2-1)}$, so that $\chi_{\rm phys}=\delta g(a)+O(\delta^2)=2\sqrt{\lambda}\,\alpha g(a_0)+O(\alpha^3)$. We rederive the self-similar UTSD reduction, sonic parabola, and shock polar in order to make the convention and the detachment map self-contained. We also record a formal adjoint solvability expression for the first correction $H(a;\gamma)$, while specifying the free-boundary data required to evaluate it. Finally, a time-marching solver for the full leading-order canonical UTSD system is benchmarked at $a_0=0.5$: retaining the transverse compression $u>1$ gives a $u=0.5$ contour location consistent with the Hunter–Tesdall triple-point
benchmark. This computation is used only as a leading-order
benchmark, not as a substitute for an adaptive self-similar Guderley free-boundary solver.
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