Materials Science
Holonomy Analysis of Optical-polarization Temperature Trajectories in Stress-induced Ferroelectric SrTiO$_3$
Hirotaka Manaka, Kazuma Seike and Yoko Miura
We develop a data-induced
geometric framework for temperature trajectories in optical-polarization data and apply it to temperature-dependent birefringence imaging of stress-induced ferroelectric SrTiO3. By treating the measured response as an observable projection of local material states, the optical-polarization response at each pixel is cast as a trajectory along the temperature axis. Singular value decomposition separates trajectory-induced
geometric objects associated with optical-polarization-direction structure and temperature-
evolution modes. Holonomies are then defined by transporting these objects around closed loops in real space. The resulting maps reveal spatially localized connection mismatches correlated with an enhanced ferroelectric transition temperature and stress-related optical anisotropy. Local order parameters and angular-gradient analyses confirm that these loop-level signals are distinct from orientational disorder and simple spatial variation. The signed holonomy of the temperature-
evolution modes further resolves positive and negative connection structures under a fixed frame convention. These results demonstrate that the data-induced connection geometry of temperature trajectories provides an experimentally accessible diagnostic of electromechanical inhomogeneity in SrTiO3 under stress, without explicitly reconstructing hidden strain or electric-polarization fields.
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Nuclear Theory
The leading nuclear-structure electrostatic correction in arbitrary $\beta$ decays
Daniel Benatar, Ayala Glick-Magid and Doron Gazit
We develop a systematic theoretical framework to improve theoretical predictions for
nuclear $\beta$ decays of arbitrary angular momentum $J$, leading to a model-independent
nuclear-structure electrostatic correction to the Coulomb interaction between the emitted
lepton and the
nuclear charge distribution, useful for ongoing and future precision searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The formalism is based on
nuclear matrix elements expanded in multipole operators, as commonly used in ab initio calculations. First-order Coulomb corrections are derived from one-
photon exchange preserving the full multipole and angular structure of the decay rate, and are subsequently expanded in the relevant small parameters of the
nuclear problem, suppressing the leading
nuclear structure correction to a few per-mills for medium mass
nuclei with natural beta decay properties. We show that within this formalism, the leading Coulomb correction originates from three modifications of the original weak-only interaction: a modification of the
nuclear charge form factor, which yields a correction similar to the known
Fermi function, a shift of the momentum transfer within the
lepton traces, and the same shift but inside the
nuclear multipole operators. We additionally provide explicit results for allowed Gamow–Teller and unique first-forbidden transitions.
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Quantum Physics
Fibonacci Steady-States and Persistent Oscillations in an Ordered Multimode Dicke Model
Miriam J. Leonhardt, Kai Müller, Oliver Lunt et al. (+1 more)
Ultracold atoms in multimode optical cavities provide a rich testbed for many-body phenomena enabled by light-mediated interactions. Recent experiments include realizations of
spin glasses and associative
memories, as described by multimode Dicke models with disordered couplings. However, the properties of multimode Dicke models with ordered coupling geometries remain largely unexplored. In this work, we investigate the stable steady-states of the multimode Dicke model with an ordered nearest-neighbor coupling geometry, where $n_c$ atomic clusters are coupled via $n_c-1$ cavity modes. We show that the number of mean-field stable steady-states in the superradiant phase exhibits Fibonacci scaling with the number of atomic clusters, and that a subset of these steady-states exhibit persistent oscillations. Using both the truncated Wigner approximation and the numerically-exact hierarchy of pure states, we further demonstrate that these features of the stable steady-state solutions persist for finite cluster sizes. Ordered multimode Dicke models, such as the nearest-neighbor coupling geometry considered here, are accessible with current experimental technologies and point toward a broader class of strongly interacting dissipative systems with similarly rich behavior.
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All authors Miriam J. Leonhardt, Kai Müller, Oliver Lunt, Andrew J. Daley
Soft Condensed Matter
Collective alignment controls rotation frustration in granular flows of elongated particles
Antonio Pol, Riccardo Artoni and Patrick Richard
Dense granular flows made of elongated particles exhibit a strong inhibition of particle rotation compared to spherical grains, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. Using three-dimensional discrete element simulations, we investigate the angular dynamics of elongated particles in dense, confined shear flows. We systematically vary particle aspect ratio, interparticle friction, and boundary conditions to elucidate their respective roles. We show that the reduction of the average angular velocity cannot be attributed to particle shape, friction, or solid fraction alone. Instead, it is controlled by the degree of collective
alignment developed under shear, quantified by a nematic order parameter. Based on this observation, we propose a simple scaling law linking the average angular velocity to the local shear rate through a hampering parameter that depends solely on the orientational order via the nematic order parameter. This scaling successfully collapses data obtained for different particle properties (shape, friction), different flow patterns, and, remarkably, remains valid for two additional flow configurations.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
Exact Relevant Stress-Tensor Flows and a Causality No-Go in Self-Dual Electrodynamics
H. Babaei-Aghbolagh, Bin Chen, Song He et al. (+1 more)
Can a classically relevant stress-tensor deformation be exactly solvable, duality preserving, and physically causal? We construct an exact power-law family of nonlinear electrodynamics preserving electromagnetic duality, together with a parallel two-dimensional Lax-integrable realization. Its auxiliary geometry yields the full characteristic-cone phase diagram and a universal finite-energy fold. For the Maxwell seed, every nonzero relevant branch is acausal, whereas every causal branch is caustic-free; undeformed Maxwell theory is the only causal point in the relevant regime.
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All authors H. Babaei-Aghbolagh, Bin Chen, Song He, Jue Hou
High Energy Physics (Experiment)
Optimization of muon suppression using sweeper magnets for the Forward Physics Facility at the HL-LHC
Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Jeremy Atkinson et al. (+13 more)
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will enable high-statistics measurements of TeV-scale
neutrinos, but the intense flux of forward
muons poses a major challenge for
neutrino detectors in the far-forward region. We investigate the suppression of background
muons using sweeper magnets with a simulation framework combining SIBYLL event generation, BDSIM beam transport, Geant4 particle tracking, and realistic
magnetic field maps. Starting from a
muon flux of $3.8\times10^3~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ per $\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ without magnets, a magnet in the LHC tunnel alone achieves the target level of $2\times10^3~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ per $\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$. Additional magnets at the TI18 tunnel and FPF entrance further reduce the flux to $1.5\times10^3~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ per $\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ in the optimized configuration. These results demonstrate that a properly optimized multi-stage sweeper magnet system can significantly reduce the forward
muon background, while also highlighting the importance of realistic transport simulations and geometrical constraints in achieving further suppression.
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All authors Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Jeremy Atkinson, Jamie Boyd, Kohei Chinone, Radu Dobre, Elena Firu, Haruhi Fujimori, Stephen Gibson, Daiki Hayakawa, Enrique Kajomovitz, Alex Keyken, Umut Kose, Laurie Nevay, Ken Ohashi, Simon Thor
Biological Physics
Bacterial Motility Across Scales: Mechanisms, Live Imaging, and Quantitative Analysis
Anna Mas, Antoine Le Gall and Marcelo Nollmann
Bacteria live in environments that are constantly changing. To survive, they rely on different motility systems that let them move, explore, and interact with their surroundings. These motility systems not only control the movement of individual
cells but also give rise to collective behaviors such as coordinated spreading, cooperative predation, and multicellular development. Understanding these processes requires not only a description of the underlying molecular machines, but also quantitative observations spanning single-
cell behavior and collective dynamics. Imaging approaches now make it possible to follow motility across scales, from molecular machines to bacterial communities, while computational analyses extract principles that link mechanisms to emergent dynamics. By combining molecular, behavioral, imaging, and analytical perspectives, this review provides an integrated view of bacterial motility that links single-
cell behavior to community-level dynamics across scales.
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Quantum Physics
Simple analytical flux-tuned iSWAP pulses for leakage suppression
Dimitrios Georgiadis, Boxi Li, Asier Galicia et al. (+3 more)
Fast, high-fidelity two-
qubit gates are a key requirement for fault-tolerant
quantum computation. Tunable coupler architectures provide a flexible approach for implementing entangling gates through flux control with large on-off ratios, but fast flux modulation can induce diabatic transitions and population leakage to non-computational states, limiting gate performance. Here we present an analytical flux control method enabling derivative removal by adiabatic gate ($\Phi$-DRAG) for suppressing leakage in flux tunable two-
qubit gates. We show that $\Phi$-DRAG differs fundamentally from conventional microwave implementations and derive modified flux modulation protocols that suppress leakage below $10^{-4}$ for fast entangling gates. The method remains effective across a range of asymmetry between
qubit anharmonicities and different
circuit parameters, enabling high-fidelity two-
qubit gates within the fifteen nanosecond range.
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All authors Dimitrios Georgiadis, Boxi Li, Asier Galicia, Rami Barends, F.A. Cárdenas-López, Felix Motzoi
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
A solvable model for unsupervised federated learning
Giovanni Catania, Aurélien Decelle, Gianluca Manzan et al. (+2 more)
We introduce a theoretical framework for analyzing
federated learning in a generative setting through a teacher-multiple interacting students scenario, in which each student receives a distinct realization of the data, either through a different noise corruption or by accessing a different subset, possibly of varying size. Using theoretical tools in
equilibrium disordered system, we analytically show that interactions among students systematically enhance learning performance: highly noisy students require fewer samples to recover the underlying pattern, while low-noise students achieve a larger overlap with the ground-truth signal. We derive the optimal
Bayesian conditions for teacher recovery as functions of the sample complexity, noise level, and interaction strength, and validate these predictions through numerical simulations. The resulting dynamics can be mapped onto
equilibrium sampling in a Restricted Boltzmann Machine with a structured hidden layer, providing a principled theoretical understanding of how interactions improve distributed generative modeling.
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All authors Giovanni Catania, Aurélien Decelle, Gianluca Manzan, Beatriz Seoane, Daniele Tantari
Medical Physics
Radiology-Report Semantic Modelling and Host-Response Laboratory Biomarkers for Multimodal Survival Prediction in Lung Cancer
Jingxiang Shi, Yiming Wang, Zhengda Li et al. (+6 more)
TNM staging is essential for lung cancer management, but patients within the same anatomic stage often show heterogeneous survival outcomes. We developed a
multimodal adaptive risk score (AMRS) that integrates radiology-report semantics with routinely available clinical laboratory biomarkers. In a retrospective two-center cohort, 1129 patients diagnosed between December 2017 and February 2026 were screened; 574 patients were included after exclusion for short follow-up or missing imaging reports and were split into training (n = 459) and test (n = 115) cohorts. Radiology reports were encoded with a domain-adapted MC-BERT branch to capture imaging-derived semantic information, while clinical and laboratory variables were modeled after Mahalanobis-distance-based imputation using random survival forests. Weighted risk fusion generated the final patient-level score. AMRS achieved C-index values of 0.920 in training and 0.849 in testing, and separated survival trajectories across clinical subgroups and TNM-related strata. SHAP analysis identified hematologic, inflammatory, coagulation, nutritional, tumor-marker, organ-function, and age-related contributors. AMRS may complement TNM staging in imaging-centered oncology workflows, but prospective validation, calibration, ablation testing, and clinical-utility assessment are required before deployment.
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All authors Jingxiang Shi, Yiming Wang, Zhengda Li, Yan Zhang, Weihua Meng, Yuqi Ma, Xiaoyan Li, Feng-Ming Kong, Gen Yang
Quantum Physics
Aastha Kataria, Devansh Desai, Ashwini Dalvi et al. (+4 more)
We present a
quantum algorithm for random number generation that achieves a provable quadratic speedup over classical Markov chain mixing, building on the Diaconis-Shahshahani
Fourier analysis of the top-to-random card shuffle. The
algorithm integrates three
quantum primitives into a unified mixing
circuit: the
Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT), which diagonalizes the Markov transition operator; controlled phase rotations, which encode the shuffle
eigenvalue spectrum; and the Grover
diffusion operator, which acts as a
quantum analogue of the Aldous-Diaconis strong uniform stopping time by reflecting amplitudes about their mean at each iteration. For an n-
qubit register, the mixing time is O(\sqrt{n \log n}) iterations. Extending to m qudits of local dimension d reduces this to O(\sqrt{\log_d N}) iterations, where N = d^m, compared to the classical O(n \log n) bound. The qudit formulation further reduces QFT
circuit depth from O(\log^2 N) to O(\log_d^2 N) gates per layer by encoding the same N-state space using m = \log_d N subsystems instead of \log_2 N
qubits. We validate both variants on IBM superconducting hardware.
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All authors Aastha Kataria, Devansh Desai, Ashwini Dalvi, Sagar Korde, Abhijeet Pasi, Irfan N A Siddavatam, Sudhir Ranjan Jain
Physics and Society
Exploring fair access to quantum computing
Benedict Lane and Pieter Vermaas
This short article - commissioned as part of the
Quantum Flagship project OpenSuperQPlus - introduces the topic of fair access to
quantum computing time and argues for its relevance in current European technology policy debates. Choices about access we make today affect which applications of
quantum computing are developed in the future, and by whom. Among the issues at stake are: Europe's technological autonomy and sovereignty; Europe's future economic competitiveness; knowledge security and the future of open science; and delivering upon the EU's founding values and aims. The results of a survey of OpenSuperQPlus researchers reveal prevalent contractualist and transactional framings of access to European
quantum computing capacity among those developing the technology. The article concludes with a call to go beyond framing access to
quantum computing as a zero-sum-game, and to explore the possibility of an access regime premised on openness and solidarity.
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Plasma Physics
Enhanced Target Interaction Area of Helical Plasma Plumes in a Pulsed RF Atmospheric Plasma Jet
Radhika T P and Satyananda Kar
Helical
plasma plumes generated in pulsed radiofrequency atmospheric pressure
plasma jets exhibit unique flow dynamics arising from the coupling between Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and baroclinic torque. While the fundamental mechanism responsible for helical plume formation has been established, the implications of this morphology for
plasma-target interaction remain largely unexplored. In this study, we experimentally investigate the interaction area of helical
plasma plumes with different target configurations and compare it with the conventional conical plume produced under continuous RF excitation. High-speed imaging reveals that the helical plume significantly enlarges the effective
plasma-target interaction region due to its rotating trajectory and enhanced air entrainment. The effect of different target materials and boundary conditions, including dielectric surfaces and metal-backed substrates, is systematically examined. The results demonstrate that helical plumes provide superior surface coverage, improved spatial distribution of reactive species, and enhanced
plasma-surface coupling. These findings highlight the advantages of helical
plasma jets for applications requiring large-area
plasma treatment, including
plasma medicine, surface modification, and
plasma-
liquid interactions.
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Materials Science
A Geometric Design Principle for $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Topological Phases in Twisted Triangular-Lattice Bilayers
Jiaheng Li, Jiaxuan Liu, Yan Zhang et al. (+3 more)
Twisted van der Waals
bilayers provide a versatile platform for moiré electronic states, yet a transferable
symmetry-based principle for time-reversal-invariant $\mathbb{Z}_2$ moiré bands has remained largely missing. Here we show that triangular-
lattice bilayers with
symmetry-related stacking minima provide a
geometric route to an emergent honeycomb moiré
lattice. Band-edge states derived from the untwisted $\Gamma$ valley are trapped by the reconstructed stacking landscape, forming A/B moiré orbitals whose inter-domain coupling generates Dirac crossings.
Spin–orbit coupling opens a topological gap, yielding an effective Kane–Mele description and a
quantum spin Hall phase characterized by a nontrivial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant. First-principles calculations for Janus BiTeBr confirm the robustness of this phase over a broad twist-angle range and demonstrate an electric-field-driven topological transition. Representative triangular-
lattice bilayers further establish this
symmetry-based design principle as a broadly applicable route to tunable moiré
quantum spin Hall materials.
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All authors Jiaheng Li, Jiaxuan Liu, Yan Zhang, Zhong Fang, Hongming Weng, Quansheng Wu
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Tidal Love numbers and the dynamical instability of AdS bubbles
Gerui Chen, Yu Tian and Hongbao Zhang
In this work, we study non-radial perturbations of AdS bubbles and their
tidal Love numbers (TLNs). The odd- and even-parity TLNs are computed up to $l=6$ in the limit $k \to \infty$. The odd-parity TLNs are found to be negative, while the even-parity TLNs are positive for $\upsilon^2_s=-1$. As $l$ increases, the
tidal Love numbers approach zero. The TLNs of the even-parity sector up to order $l=41$ are also calculated over the entire parameter space of $k$, from $0$ to $\infty$. We find that in the region where $p/\sigma>0$, an increasing number of TLNs become negative as $l$ increases. For $l = 41$, the highest order we have examined, the TLNs are negative everywhere except in a narrow region very close to the zero of $p/\sigma$, which agrees well with the instability criterion in the eikonal limit for self-gravitating membranes proposed by Yang et al.\ [P. R. L. 130, 011402 (2023)].
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Accelerator Physics
Insitu X Ray Photoemission Study of Nb Surface Under Plasma Cleaning During MID T BAKING For SRF Cavities
C. Boutelaa, S. Gruszka, C. Cheney et al. (+11 more)
Specific heat treatments applied to superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities, such as nitrogen infusion or Mid T baking, aim to improve the quality factor (Qo) at medium accelerating fields (10 to 20 MV/m). These treatments reduce the BCS surface resistance by tuning the mean free path of niobium over a few hundred na-nometers, either by diffusing oxygen from the native
oxide layer or by diffusing nitrogen after the dissolution of the
oxide layer. However, these treatments preclude the usual chemical polishing, as it would reverse the beneficial effects of the heat treatments, making the cavities highly sensitive to surface contamination. In particular, the formation of niobium carbides, which can mask the expected benefits, strongly depends on the annealing conditions, surface preparation, and the materials history. To better understand these phenomena, niobium samples was annealed under ultrahigh
vacuum (Mid T baking) with Ar/O2
plasma treatment to investi-gate surface contamination with insitu heat treatment at 500 C and XPS analysis.
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All authors C. Boutelaa, S. Gruszka, C. Cheney, J. Yemane, T. Gerardin, E. Mistretta, J. Demailly, R. Laxdal, P. Kolb, J. Keir, B. Mercier, N. Prud homme, G. Sattonnay, D. Longuevergne
Quantum Physics
QuBE/Qubex: an integrated hardware-software system for superconducting qubit experiments with broadband control
Akinori Machino, Kazuhisa Ogawa, Takefumi Miyoshi et al. (+21 more)
Achieving high-fidelity operation in large-scale superconducting
qubit systems requires not only control hardware with broad frequency coverage, low crosstalk, and tight synchronization but also software that coordinates system configuration, experiment execution, and data analysis. Here we present an integrated
qubit-control system that combines broadband microwave hardware with a pulse-level software stack for scalable superconducting
qubit experiments. The hardware provides broadband microwave coverage, including an instantaneous span of up to 1.6 GHz from a control output, while the software reduces setup and calibration overhead through automated configuration and built-in experiment workflows. We validate the system on a 64-
qubit fixed-frequency transmon chip through full-chip frequency identification and representative demonstrations, including multi-unit far-detuned cross-resonance calibration and benchmarking that yields a measured two-
qubit gate fidelity of 98.34%, and multilevel readout beyond the computational subspace. By disclosing the hardware architecture and releasing the software stack as open source, this work provides an inspectable hardware-software foundation for scalable superconducting
qubit control experiments.
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All authors Akinori Machino, Kazuhisa Ogawa, Takefumi Miyoshi, Hidehisa Shiomi, Shinichi Morisaka, Ryo Matsuda, Nilton F. G. Filho, Koichiro Ban, Takafumi Miyanaga, Keisuke Koike, Ryutaro Ohira, Toshi Sumida, Yoshinori Kurimoto, Yuuya Sugita, Yosuke Ito, Yasunari Suzuki, Peter A. Spring, Shiyu Wang, Hiroto Mukai, Arvind Mamgain, Shuhei Tamate, Yutaka Tabuchi, Yasunobu Nakamura, Makoto Negoro
Quantum Physics
Experiment-compatible measurement–feedback quantum state preparation with reinforcement learning
Xiaotian Nie, Tao Zhang and Linghui Chen
Ground-state preparation is a critical task in
quantum simulation and
quantum computing, as it enables the study of correlated phases and the generation of entangled resource states. While measurement–feedback control has emerged as a promising route to state preparation, existing schemes either rely on handcrafted, task-specific policies or are designed using full
quantum-state information that is unavailable in real experiments and becomes impractical for large many-body systems. Here we develop an adaptive measurement–feedback protocol based on reinforcement learning under partial observability. The controller uses only the history of experimentally accessible measurement outcomes to choose both the measurement operator and the feedback action in real time. To make training compatible with experiments, we introduce a
stochastic terminal reward built from one-shot measurements of randomly sampled
Hamiltonian components, avoiding unphysical full-state reconstruction while remaining an unbiased
estimator of the target energy. We demonstrate the method by preparing ground states of the Bose–Hubbard model and by generating GHZ states, establishing a scalable and hardware-compatible route to
quantum state preparation.
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Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
3DSTokesFlow: simulation-based inference for 3D Stokes profiles using flow matching
A. Asensio Ramos, K. E. Yang, M. J. Martinez Gonzalez et al. (+2 more)
The standard interpretation of observed Stokes profiles to infer the physical conditions of the
solar atmosphere is inherently an ill-defined problem due to observational noise and mathematical degeneracies. Traditional pixel-by-pixel (1D) inversion codes provide point estimates with unreliable uncertainties, at the expense of significant computational time. Recent machine-learning-based
Bayesian frameworks are restricted to 1D spatial configurations, ignoring crucial spatial correlations between neighboring pixels. We aim to develop a novel multidimensional inversion framework capable of performing fast and scalable
Bayesian inference across an entire 2D field-of-view (FoV). This approach seeks to provide accurate height-dependent atmospheric parameters with reliable posterior distributions while exploiting spatial correlations. We introduce a new generative modeling strategy based on conditional flow matching. The model utilizes multi-scale spatial features extracted from observed Stokes profiles in the Fe I line pair at 630 nm, which then conditions a flow matching generative model to sample from the complex posterior distribution of the atmospheric parameters. The framework is trained using realistic 3D quiet Sun magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Validation on independent synthetic
datasets demonstrates that the model accurately captures the true 3D stratification of all thermodynamic and
magnetic parameters. Because the code additionally provides a geometrical height scale, it allows for the computation of 3D electric current density maps, Lorentz forces, and Ohmic and ambipolar dissipation maps in the
solar photosphere. Application to real Hinode/SP quiet Sun observations yields highly localized electric currents at
magnetic boundaries. We also leverage the 3D geometrical information to trace the emergence of small-scale emerging
magnetic loops across the
solar atmosphere.
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All authors A. Asensio Ramos, K. E. Yang, M. J. Martinez Gonzalez, S. Curt Dodds, X. Sun
Chemical Physics
The effect of in-phase current and temperature oscillations on the impedance of the cathode catalyst layer in a PEM fuel cell
Andrei Kulikovsky
An impedance model for the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) in a PEM fuel
cell demonstrates that in-phase harmonic perturbations to the
cell current density and CCL temperature lower both CCL impedance and static resistivity. This mitigation is primarily driven by the oscillating exchange current density of the oxygen reduction reaction.
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Nuclear Theory
Efficient emulation of nuclear ground states with neural-network variational Monte Carlo and eigenvector continuation
Mao Li, Yilong Yang and Pengwei Zhao
An efficient emulator for ab initio calculations of
nuclear ground-state properties is developed by integrating the neural-network variational Monte Carlo framework, FeynmanNet, with the eigenvector continuation. It enables the calculation of observables for different
Hamiltonians with minimal computational cost, while delivering ground-state energies with errors below $0.5\%$ compared to the full FeynmanNet results. With this emulator, the ground-state energies and charge radii of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$, ${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$, ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}$, ${}^{15}\mathrm{N}$, and ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ are computed using a
nuclear Hamiltonian derived from the leading-order pionless effective field theory, with a large number of different values of low-energy constants (LECs). Then, we perform a global sensitivity analysis of the ground-state energies, charge radii, separation energies of selected
nuclei for the three LECs in the
Hamiltonian, to identify how each LEC contributes to the variances of these observables. It shows that the two-body LEC in the $^3S_1$ channel is the most influential LEC governing these
nuclear bulk properties. Finally, the correlations among the ground-state energies of $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{16}$O are investigated by varying the LECs in the
Hamiltonian. The analysis reveals that the experimental ground-state energies of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O cannot be reproduced simultaneously by varying the LECs in the leading-order pionless
Hamiltonian. This suggests that additional ingredients in the leading-order
Hamiltonian are required to improve its description of light
nuclei. The present work establishes an efficient framework for global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification in the
quantum Monte Carlo calculations for light and medium-mass
nuclei.
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Materials Science
Observation of orbital-angular-momentum-driven temperature modulation via the spin Peltier effect
Sang J. Park, Tsuneyoshi Kan, Takamasa Hirai et al. (+1 more)
Angular-momentum transport provides a pathway for controlling energy flow in solids beyond conventional charge-based mechanisms. While
spin currents are known to mediate
spin-caloritronic phenomena such as the
spin Peltier effect (SPE), the role of orbital angular momentum in heat transport remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate orbital-angular-momentum-driven temperature modulation via the SPE in yttrium iron garnet/Pt/CuOx
heterostructures. Using wedge-shaped CuOx layers combined with spatially resolved active thermal measurement techniques, we map the continuous thickness dependence and quantitatively disentangle the
spin- and orbital-current-mediated contributions within a single device. The orbital-mediated component exhibits a pronounced maximum at an intermediate thickness, revealing a characteristic length scale for interfacial orbital-angular-momentum generation and propagation at the Cu/CuOx interface. These results provide direct experimental evidence that charge-current-driven orbital angular momentum can drive SPE-induced temperature modulation, establishing interfacial orbital processes as an additional channel for heat transport and providing a pathway toward
spin-orbit caloritronics.
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All authors Sang J. Park, Tsuneyoshi Kan, Takamasa Hirai, Ken-ichi Uchida
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
Xuan-Dong Jia, Xin-Yi Dai, Yu-Peng Yang et al. (+1 more)
The $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model has been successful in explaining many astronomical observations. However, recent observations increasingly point to deviations from the standard $\Lambda$CDM framework. Among these, one of the most significant discrepancies is the Hubble tension, which refers to the difference in values obtained for the Hubble constant $H_0$ from high-
redshift measurement and local observation. To address this issue, numerous cosmological models and methodological approaches have been proposed. This review offers a concise overview of recent progress in resolving the Hubble tension. The combination of Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and uncalibrated Type Ia
supernovae data yields a value for $H_0$ that is significantly higher than the $\Lambda$CDM predication based on early-universe probes, even without incorporating local distance ladder constraints. This result indicates that the origin of the Hubble tension lies in new physics at low
redshifts. Our findings suggest that although many unresolved systematics persist in current observations, they are insufficient to account for the magnitude of the current Hubble tension. This implies the likely existence of new physical mechanisms that have yet to be discovered.
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All authors Xuan-Dong Jia, Xin-Yi Dai, Yu-Peng Yang, Fa-Yin Wang
Quantum Physics
Quantum-Driven Neuromorphic Computing for Million-Qubit-Scale Workloads
Adams Ivanov, Samer Rahmeh, Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento et al. (+1 more)
We introduce Apollo, a 10000 node p-
qubit neuromorphic processor fabricated in 16 nm mixed signal CMOS and operating fully at room temperature with a typical analog core power envelope of about 0.5 W. Its fundamental element, the p-
qubit, is a bistable
stochastic unit whose continuous time state fluctuations are driven by integrated
quantum entropy units that inject true
quantum derived randomness. This enables ultrafast
stochastic transitions at low energy while preserving a classical state representation. Apollo combines these p-
qubits with a high degree Hyperion 256 interconnect
topology, allowing efficient
embedding of dense Ising and QUBO problems with substantially reduced minor
embedding overhead compared with sparse annealing platforms. We show that, through the Suzuki Trotter correspondence, the
equilibrium statistics and annealing dynamics of the p-
qubit network reproduce key properties of transverse field
quantum annealing without cryogenic cooling, long lived coherence, or microwave control. Beyond device level validation, Apollo is evaluated on a three dimensional
spin glass
benchmark previously used to study
quantum advantage in superconducting annealers. Across 300 disorder realizations, Apollo reaches substantially lower ground state energies than reported cryogenic
quantum annealing hardware, while remaining distinct from classical simulated annealing and simulated
quantum annealing. A 350 nm release candidate device experimentally validates the core p-
qubit dynamics, thermodynamic sampling correctness, and continuous time annealing behavior. These results establish Apollo as a room temperature, industrially scalable platform for
quantum driven energy based optimization, probabilistic inference, generative modeling, and hybrid classical
quantum workflows.
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All authors Adams Ivanov, Samer Rahmeh, Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento, Daniela Herrmann
Quantum Physics
Non-Hermitian skin effect induced by spatial noncommutativity
Zheng Wei and Su-Peng Kou
In all known schemes for the non-Hermitian skin effect, the non-Hermitian ingredient that drives the skin localization, whether asymmetric hopping or gain and loss, is invariably introduced by hand as an independent model parameter along the skin direction. Here we show that when two spatial coordinates do not commute, the skin effect can break free of this paradigm: a gain-loss potential applied along one coordinate automatically generates non-reciprocity along the other through the coordinate noncommutativity, driving all eigenstates to pile up exponentially at a boundary. We term this phenomenon the noncommutative skin effect. The inverse skin length is proportional to the noncommutativity parameter and is given by an analytic formula, exact in the thermodynamic limit and verified by exact diagonalization of
lattice models; the reflection
symmetry of the imaginary potential furnishes an exact criterion for the presence or absence of the effect, valid rigorously for finite-size systems. For a sinusoidal imaginary potential, the skin direction of all eigenstates flips collectively at parameter points fixed purely by geometry. Because the flip point is independent of the potential strength, the reversal constitutes a zero-crossing measurement scheme intrinsically robust against systematic errors, from which the noncommutativity parameter can be extracted directly. The qualitative transition of the eigenstates from uniform to exponentially localized renders the effect a nonperturbative probe of spatial noncommutativity, and the Peierls-phase structure of its
lattice model is in principle accessible to cold-atom synthetic dimensions, photonic resonators, and topolectrical
circuits.
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
A Delayed Multi-channel Progenitor for Apparently Nonrepeating Fast Radio Bursts
Zhao-Wei Du, Xi-Long Fan and Yi-Xiao Li
Fast
radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration
radio flashes of unknown origin, observationally classified into repeating and apparently nonrepeating (one-off) populations. In this work, we use a statistical population approach to investigate the
redshift evolution of one-off FRBs. We compare a pure
star formation history (SFH) tracing model, phenomenological delayed models, physically motivated delayed models that correspond to binary
neutron star related and
neutron star age-window channels, and mixture models which is obtained when two physically motivated models are normalized separately and then combined as a weighted mixture. The samples in CHIME/FRB Catalog do not support an intrinsic event rate density that directly follows the SFH. The preferred model is mixture model corresponds to an effective mean delay time of $\bar{\tau}=1.426^{+0.032}_{-0.035}~\mathrm{Gyr}$. These results suggest that the current data may naturally explained by delayed, possibly multi-channel progenitor
evolution for the one-off FRBs.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Nucleon matrix elements of axial anomaly, axial currents and pseudoscalar currents in the QCD sum rule
Janardan Prasad Singh
We have analyzed one-nucleon
matrix elements of current-current correlators; the currents consist of pseudoscalar octet, isovector and isoscalar currents, axial anomaly, and axial isovector and isoscalar currents. Using QCD sum rules, the coupling constants of nucleon with each of these currents have been expressed in terms of nucleon
matrix elements of
quark,
gluon and
quark-
gluon composite operators and moments of parton distribution function. On the phenomenological side, contribution from the non-diagonal
matrix elements of operators between nucleon and its excited states or continuum states have also been accounted for. For the pseudoscalar coupling constants of the nucleon two expressions have been obtained in which one of them consists of only moments of parton distribution function but yielding approximately same numerical result as the other one. Of particular interest is the nucleon
matrix element of axial anomaly which has been largely ignored in the current literature.
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Optics
Design and optimization of an AZO-based plasmonic metasurface-driven optical solar reflector for thermal management
Lucas Viseur, Alexandre Mayer, Luc Henrard et al. (+1 more)
Plasmonic metasurface-driven Optical
Solar Reflectors (m-OSRs) offer a promising route towards lightweight and high-performance thermal management. By exploiting subwavelength structuring and intrinsic material losses, such systems enable tailored absorptance spectrum across the
solar and thermal infrared domains, respectively. Here, a plasmonic m-OSR composed of an aluminum back-reflector, a silicon dioxide dielectric spacer, and a nanostructured aluminum-doped zinc
oxide (AZO) layer is investigated. The optical response of the structure is governed by the interplay between reflection, localized surface plasmon resonances and Fabry-Perot cavity effects, leading to efficient spectral selectivity. An optimization performed with a multi-objective genetic
algorithm yields a low
solar absorptance of alpha = 0.16 combined with a high thermal emissivity of epsilon = 0.83, providing an alpha/epsilon ratio of 0.19. These results highlight the potential of plasmonic meta-OSRs as ultrathin, high-performance solutions for thermal management and in particular for the next-generation advanced spacecraft.
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All authors Lucas Viseur, Alexandre Mayer, Luc Henrard, Michaël Lobet
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Gravitational wave background from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Haoyu Zhao, Yuanhao Zhang, Xilong Fan et al. (+1 more)
The gravitational wave background (GWB) produced by extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) serves as a powerful tool for probing the astrophysical and dynamical processes in
galactic centers. EMRI systems are a primary target for the space-based detector LISA due to their long-lived signals and high signal-to-noise ratios. This study explores the statistical properties of the GWB from EMRI, focusing on the calculation methods for the GWB, the astrophysical distribution of EMRI sources, and the influence of key parameters, including the
spin of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the masses of compact objects (COs). By analyzing these factors, we determine the distribution range of the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs. We find that the final eccentricity distributions appear to have negligible effect on the intensity of the GWB due to rapid circularization before they become detectable and the
spin of the SMBH enhances the GW characteristic strain by approximately 1$\%$ compared to cases without
spin effects. The masses of COs can also significantly affect the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs, with Black Hole (BH) as CO producing a GW signal intensity that is approximately one order of magnitude higher compared to cases where
Neutron Star (NS) or White
Dwarf (WD) are the COs.
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All authors Haoyu Zhao, Yuanhao Zhang, Xilong Fan, Wenbiao Han
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Cluster Mass Inference from Galaxy Kinematics
Bonny Y. Wang, Leander Thiele and Matthew Ho
The masses of
galaxy clusters carry cosmological and astrophysical information. We develop a simulation-based inference pipeline to infer cluster masses from full projected phase-space information of member and interloper
galaxies. Our method combines a permutation-invariant Deep Sets architecture with neural posterior estimation using normalizing flows, enabling the recovery of expressive posterior distributions. We train the model to predict residual corrections to the classical $M$–$\sigma$ relation, thus explicitly isolating information beyond velocity dispersion. Using the Uchuu-UniverseMachine simulation, we evaluate the method under both idealized (interloper-free) and realistic (cylindrical) observational setups. In the idealized case, our model reduces the scatter in mass estimates to as low as $\sim 0.1$ dex, representing a twofold improvement over the traditional $M$–$\sigma$ relation. In the cylindrical setup, we achieve comparable performance at the high-mass end ($> 10^{14.5}\,M_\odot/h$), demonstrating robustness against interloper contamination. We demonstrate that set-based simulation-driven inference provides a powerful and flexible framework for
galaxy cluster mass estimation, enabling improved accuracy and reliable uncertainty characterization for upcoming large-scale surveys. Our model saturates the kinematic information content and thus suggests a baseline for future studies.
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