Papers

We prove dynamical Amrein-Berthier uncertainty principles for fractional Schrödinger flows. For the free Hamiltonian $H=(-\Delta)^\alpha$ on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, with $\alpha>\frac{1}{2}$, we show that two–time localization on finite measure sets $E,F$ forces the quantitative estimate \begin{equation*} \|u(t)\|_{L^{2}}\lesssim_{E,F,T,n,\alpha} \|u(0)\|_{L^{2}(E^{c})} + \|u(T)\|_{L^{2}(F^{c})}, \qquad T\neq0,\ t\in \mathbb{R} \end{equation*} for $u(t)=e^{-itH}u(0)$ at every time. The threshold $\alpha>\frac{1}{2}$ is tied to the stationary phase structure of the fractional kernel. If $\alpha\ge1$ the sets can be arbitrary finite measure sets; if $\frac{1}{2}<\alpha<1$ we impose the finiteness of a natural interaction energy \begin{equation*} \textstyle \mathcal{I}_{\gamma}(E,F) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^n} \mathbf{1}_{F}(x)|x-y|^{2\gamma}\mathbf{1}_{E}(y)\,dx\,dy<\infty, \qquad \gamma = \frac{n(1-\alpha)}{2 \alpha-1} \end{equation*} of the pair $(E,F)$, essentially equivalent to a sufficiently fast joint decay of the measure of the sets at infinity. In particular, compact support at two distinct times is impossible for a nonzero solution. We also prove corresponding results for one dimensional fractional Hamiltonians $(-\partial_x^2+V)^\alpha$ under weighted scattering assumptions, and for higher order Hamiltonians $(-\Delta)^m+V$ for suitable classes of decaying potentials $V$.

We reconsider the Hawking–Page transition using the common thermodynamic vector field whose zeros include the Davies and Hawking–Page points. In the elementary AdS branch their winding numbers are $w_{\rm D}=-1$ and $w_{\rm HP}=+1$, so the pair has zero total charge but a non-zero signed first moment. After normalization by the Davies scales this moment gives the familiar universal ratios $C_S$ and $C_T$; in four dimensions $C_S=2$ and $C_T=2/\sqrt{3}-1$. We check the construction for Schwarzschild–AdS, grand-canonical Reissner–Nordström–AdS, charged non-rotating black holes in arbitrary dimension, and Kerr–AdS at fixed angular velocity. The same reduced geometry gives a barrier $B=1/3$ in four dimensions and $B(d)=1/[(d-1)(d-3)]$. Finally we propose a formulation involving a defect-resolved version for categorical or non-invertible symmetry sectors.

Stage IV surveys such as LSST will probe deeply into the nonlinear regime, where systematic effects from galaxy bias and baryonic feedback become dominant and poorly constrained nuisance parameters can lead to degeneracies. In this work we present a 3x2pt analysis for LSST Y1 and Y10 data using the BACCO emulator for modelling both the hybrid-effective field theory (HEFT) for nonlinear galaxy bias and the baryonic feedback using the baryonification mechanism. We aim to find a balance between model complexity and scale cuts, with particular attention to parameter degeneracies and baryonic feedback effects on the galaxy-matter and galaxy-galaxy power spectra. First, we find that a linear bias model delivers percent-level unbiased constraints on $\Omega_{\rm m}$ and $\sigma_8$ only up to $k_{\rm max}=0.1 h/$Mpc, but pushing to smaller scales requires a perturbative approach. Second, we compare HEFT with a minimal bias variant with fixed higher-order terms, and find that the latter is unbiased in $\Lambda$CDM even at $k_{\rm max}=0.7 h/$Mpc. We show that higher-order bias can mimic baryonic suppression, but baryons cannot reproduce the full range of higher-order bias behaviour within the parameter range allowed by the BACCO baryonification model. Third, we find that a detection of the total neutrino mass $M_\nu$ is possible for both Y1 and Y10 for $k \geq 0.5 h/$Mpc, at least when photo-$z$ uncertainties and related nuisance parameters are precisely known. However, the specific measured value is not robust across equally plausible mock scenarios: the inferred $M_\nu$ can be significantly biased by adopting the minimal bias model. The entire analysis is conducted with a new independent, open source pipeline MGL that we present for the first time in this work.

We present a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) implementation of the full one-fluid dusty gas algorithm for multiple dust species, generalising our previous terminal velocity approach to handle arbitrary drag regimes. By construction, mass, momentum, angular momentum, and energy are all conserved. We benchmark our method against a suite of tests – DUSTYBOX, DUSTYWAVE, DUSTYSHOCK, DUSTYSETTLE, and DUSTYDISC – each probing different aspects of the algorithm. Compared to the terminal velocity approximation, the full one-fluid approach incurs a computational cost increase of a factor of five to ten due to the added overhead of evolving the differential velocities and solving the drag terms implicitly. However, it accurately recovers analytic behaviour in regimes where the terminal velocity approximation fails. In such cases, errors from the terminal velocity approximation accumulate and propagate to other dust phases. We show that the stopping-time limiter commonly used in the terminal velocity approximation for numerical stability can substantially affect simulations containing large grains (Stokes numbers $\gtrsim 1$). While disabling the limiter leads to different outcomes, the discrepancy with the full one-fluid solution remains comparable, underscoring the importance of using a more general formulation for large grains. The full one-fluid formalism may be useful when including processes such as coagulation and fragmentation, where accurate treatment of large grains becomes essential. While the inability to model orbit-crossing dust trajectories remains a key limitation of the one-fluid formalism, this may eventually be addressed through the introduction of an effective dust pressure, mirroring how fluid models encapsulate microscopic velocity dispersion in gases.

We present a systematic spectroscopic investigation of laser-produced aluminum plasma to address inconsistencies in Stark broadening parameters and establish a self-consistent reference datasets for electron density diagnostics. Optical line emissions of Al II and Al III in the visible wavelength range were recorded from plasmas having different electron densities and temperatures, however, with the same experimental configuration, only by varying the background pressure, spatial positions, and delay time. The Stark width parameter of Al III lines, which shows consistency across different earlier studies, is used for standardizing the Al II transition from the highest energy level, which is abundant in the emission spectra. This reference spectrum is then used to estimate the Stark parameters of other Al II transitions to obtain a self-consistent database for Al II transitions. This approach significantly reduces the uncertainty in the estimated plasma electron density using Stark parameters of multiple emission lines. We also report the spatial and temporal evolution of plasma density and Stark shift as well as asymmetry in spectral lines. This work addresses the uncertainty in Stark parameters of Al II transitions in the visible range through a unified approach in estimating these parameters simultaneously.

Light nuclei such as deuterons are produced abundantly in high-energy proton-proton and nuclear collisions despite their tiny binding energies. Their production mechanism remains unresolved, as both nucleon coalescence and statistical thermal models reproduce inclusive LHC yields. We propose a direct invariant-mass observable that discriminates between these scenarios using the long-lived $\Lambda(1520) \to {\rm pK}$ resonance. If decay protons coalesce into deuterons, the produced nuclei remain correlated with the kaon, allowing the resonance peak to be reconstructed experimentally through proxy masses, $M_{\rm (d/2)K}$, formed from kaons and half the deuteron four-momentum. Using Thermal-FIST and PYTHIA with a deuteron coalescence afterburner, we show that a $M_{\rm (d/2)K}$ peak emerges only in the coalescence scenario. This observable provides a direct experimental probe of resonance-fed deuteron production and of late-stage coalescence dynamics in high-energy collisions.

Beyond the weak-coupling limit, open quantum systems equilibrate to a highly entangled thermal state. For continuous-variable systems, this state can be written explicitly as an imaginary-time phase-space path integral, in which the positions are directly entangled with the bath, and the momenta are correlated with the positions through a phase term. Here, we ask to what extent this state can be reached by propagating stochastic classical trajectories in path-integral phase space. Surprisingly, we find that the trajectories equilibrate to the exact quantum equilibrium state, recovering the purely imaginary momentum-position correlation in the phase term. The trajectories are generated using a recently derived Matsubara generalized Langevin equation, which produces the imaginary correlations by evolving the stochastic variables into the complex plane. This makes the dynamics numerically unstable, but we are nonetheless able to demonstrate the equilibration of a quartic oscillator coupled to a white-noise bath. These unexpected findings could lead to new approximate methodologies for simulating continuous-variable open quantum systems.

Hydrodynamic interactions with boundaries can significantly affect the trajectories of microscale swimmers. In simple swimmer models, a common assumption is that swimmer shape remains constant, essentially averaging over the rapid oscillations in geometry and associated fluid flows that often are the source of propulsion. Previous work in minimal force-dipole models has shown how the inclusion of time-dependent swimmer changes can lead to a fundamentally wider class of behaviours than for their classic (implicitly averaged) counterparts. However, since force dipole models correspond to the leading-order term in the far-field description of the swimmer-induced flow, they break down as the swimmer approaches a boundary and predictions can become qualitatively inaccurate. Here, we extend the minimal force-dipole model by incorporating higher order flow singularities, systematically accounting for rapid oscillations in shape and singularity strength through a multiscale analysis. We demonstrate that the inclusion of time-dependence into these higher order models significantly expands the reachable parameter space, in particular by increasing its dimensionality. In these extended dynamics, we observe three distinct behaviours: crashing, escaping and hovering. Notably, hovering states are absent from the dynamics predicted by the simplest models, but are observed in more complex models.

Context. Several studies have shown that host-galaxy structure or extended optical morphology in AGNs can induce spurious parallaxes and proper motions in Gaia DR3. However, it remains unclear whether source morphology also introduces systematic errors into the celestial reference frame constructed from Gaia data. Aims. We aim to provide a Gaia-independent external morphological indicator for Gaia-CRF3 sources and to use it to quantify the astrometric systematics associated with source morphology. Methods. Using morphological parameters derived from DESI, SDSS, and SkyMapper, together with the PS1-PSC point-source score as a common reference scale, we used XGBoost to infer external morphological scores for Gaia-CRF3 sources. We then developed a multi-survey fusion scheme to combine the four survey-based point-source scores into a single composite score that measures the degree to which each source departs from the morphology of an ideal point source. Results. We obtained morphological scores for 1,607,490 Gaia-CRF3 sources, corresponding to a completeness of 99.59% with respect to the full Gaia-CRF3 catalogue. The score ranges from 0 to 1 and remains reliable for sources with $G<20.85$ mag. Based on this indicator, we find that AGNs with strongly non-point-like morphology induce a parallax zero-point shift of about $-43.7\,\mu$as, which cannot be effectively removed by the current parallax zero-point correction model. We also find that reference-source subsamples selected in different score ranges exhibit significantly different all-sky proper motion fields. For the high-purity point-source subsample with point\_score > 0.95, the total frame spin amplitude is reduced by 15.8% relative to that of the full Gaia-CRF3 sample.

Star formation in galaxies is intrinsically stochastic, driven by physical processes operating across a wide range of scales. The scatter in the star-forming main sequence relation provides a window into this variability, but interpreting this scatter in terms of underlying physical mechanisms remains challenging. We present a study of star-formation variability during reionization (redshift z=3-8) using power spectral density (PSD) models to characterize fluctuations in star formation rates (SFRs). We use estimates of the intrinsic scatter in main sequence SFRs at six averaging timescales (10-100 Myr) from a catalogue of ~17000 galaxies presented in Simmonds et al. 2025 to constrain two PSD models, the Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) and the Extended Regulator (ExtReg), with nested sampling and neural network emulators. We find that the regulator component of the ExtReg model is poorly constrained by the present data. However, both the dynamical component of the ExtReg model and the single-component SHO model favour characteristic variability timescales of ~10-30 Myr, comparable to expected galactic dynamical and stellar feedback timescales. At least in the SHO model, and most clearly at z~3-4, the inferred PSD power on ~10 Myr timescales decreases with stellar mass, indicating more bursty, rapidly varying star formation in lower-mass galaxies than in higher-mass systems. We find weak evidence for a transition from a two-component ExtReg-like PSD at lower redshift to a single-component SHO-like PSD at higher redshift in the lowest stellar-mass bin, log M*/M$\odot$ = 8-8.5, although the Bayes factors are small and selection effects at high redshift prevent strong conclusions. Overall, our results suggest that the observed 10-100 Myr scatter of the high-redshift star-forming main sequence is governed primarily by short-timescale variability, consistent with galactic dynamical timescales.

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of static, spherically symmetric Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes, focusing on the interplay between characteristic temperatures, as well as on the universality of Ruppeiner scalar curvature at the Hawking-Page (HP) phase transition. In particular, we study the relation between the minimum temperature and the HP phase transition temperature for static, spherically symmetric AdS black holes in pure Lovelock gravity. For the electromagnetically neutral case in Einstein gravity, the minimum temperature in $(d+1)$ dimensions coincides with the HP transition temperature in $d$ dimensions, while in higher pure Lovelock theories this relation is modified by a dimension- and order-dependent factor, reducing to the Einstein result in appropriate limits. For charged AdS black holes, in the grand canonical ensemble, in general relativity, the two temperatures differ by a simple dimension-dependent factor, whereas no universal relation persists in higher curvature pure Lovelock theories. We further analyze the normalized Ruppeiner scalar curvature at the HP transition and show that it is a universal constant depending only on the spacetime dimension for electromagnetically neutral black holes in pure Lovelock theories. The normalized scalar curvature remains a constant, under appropriate conditions, even for the charged static spherically symmetric black holes in the grand canonical ensemble for the Einstein theory case, whereas in general pure Lovelock theories it depends on thermodynamic parameters such as pressure and electrostatic potential, asymptotically approaching a constant in the large-pressure or simultaneous large-potential and large-pressure limits.

This paper reviews the main types of radio-frequency power transport systems which may be used in accelerators. It gives essentials on rectangular waveguides and coaxial lines. Basics of combining systems, splitting systems and transmission lines are discussed.

Machine learning weather prediction (MLWP) models have achieved impressive forecasting performance at a small fraction of the computational costs required for traditional physics-based methods. However, they are primarily (1) data-driven and (2) evaluated using pixel-wide error metrics (e.g., RMSE), so there are no guarantees that their forecasts are consistent with known physical laws. We introduce PhysMetrics$.$Weather, an evaluation framework that assesses the physical realism of MLWP models across three types of metrics: conservation, spectral, and dynamical. By quantifying physical realism, this tool guides the development of physics-informed architectures and helps evaluate whether MLWP models are reliable for operational use. Our framework is available on Github at https://github.com/Emmakast/PhysMetrics.Weather.

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station provides high-precision measurements of cosmic-ray nuclei fluxes from charge Z=1 to Z=28 and beyond. With negligible charge confusion from non-interacting nuclei, the precision of nuclei flux measurements is primarily limited by fragmentation backgrounds originating from heavier cosmic rays interacting within detector materials, particularly between tracker Layers 1 and 2 (L1-L2). As AMS extends its measurements to heavier and rarer nuclei, these fragmentation backgrounds become increasingly dominant, necessitating advanced background suppression methods. To address this challenge, we introduce a Multimodal Domain-Adversarial (MDA) neural network designed to effectively suppress these interaction backgrounds. The MDA model fuses heterogeneous data from the silicon tracker and time-of-flight detectors using specialized sub-networks combined via multi-head attention. Crucially, a domain-adversarial training strategy is employed to learn invariant representations, enabling the model, which is trained on Monte Carlo simulations, to be reliably applied to flight data. Using phosphorus (P) as a benchmark, we demonstrate its background suppression capabilities. This approach provides a robust, generalizable framework applicable to the measurement of other rare cosmic-ray nuclei with AMS.

We consider quantization techniques with a particular emphasis on the phase space quantization, as encountered in quasi-probabilistic descriptions and in string theory. We investigate what is lost by adopting the normal ordering prescription, by revisiting fundamental quantization concepts and the correspondence rules that define the well-known quasi-distributions: the Wigner, Q, and P functions, some of which are inherently ordering dependent. The actual quantum state dictates the necessity of employing discrete countable structures or, alternatively, the complex phase space formulation based on coherent states, and the quasi-distributions depict the existence of the phase space dynamics, of the wave translations and the propagating directions.

This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental framework of scattering theory, which is widely used in particle physics to describe and interpret interactions among elementary particles. We explore how transition amplitudes enable the analysis of data from scattering experiments and the extraction of resonance parameters. The concepts and methods discussed are essential for understanding processes studied at major accelerator facilities worldwide and in a broad range of hadronic and nuclear systems.

The HD 135344B (SAO 206462) disk exhibits strong signposts of planet formation. ALMA images in the sub-mm revealed a gap-crossing dust filament whose position coincides with a twist detected in the scattered-light spiral structure. Analysis of the spirals in polarized light also hints at a spiral-driving protoplanet in the sub-mm gap. We aim to study the spirals dynamics, as well as the twist, over a 10-year baseline, in different bands. We also seek to assess the authenticity of a recently claimed candidate protoplanet. We use high-fidelity post-processing algorithms such as IPCA to minimize the biases induced by ADI on extended sources and analyze archival VLT/NACO, VLT/SPHERE, VLT/ERIS and JWST/NIRCam datasets to obtain the spiral traces and measure their orbital motion in multiple scattered light bands. We measure an average spiral orbital motion of 0.81$\pm$0.05 deg/yr, in agreement with the literature value of about 0.85$\pm$0.05 deg/yr at all wavelengths. With simple modeling of the twist morphology, we confirm that it is co-moving with the spiral in which it is embedded. While the position angle of the twist coincides with the dust filament, it is located at a smaller angular separation from the star, which we attribute to the fact that the spiral trace moves away from the central star with increasing wavelength. We find that a recently claimed protoplanet candidate can be explained as a post-processing artifact. Our confirmation that the motion of the scattered light twist is consistent with the orbital velocity of a planet at 69$\pm$4 au over a 10-year baseline suggests that the spirals, the gap, the dust filament, and the twist, could indeed be attributed to the same hypothetical protoplanet embedded within the spiral. A perplexing trend for a wavelength-dependence of the angular distance of the spiral traces to the central star remains to be explained.

Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are excellent standard candles expected to trace the spatial and kinematic distribution of the Galaxy's young and dynamically cold stellar disc. Using the most precise mid-infrared DCEP distances to date combined with Gaia-DR3 astrometry and line-of-sight velocities, we perform a comprehensive 6D dynamical census of the Milky Way's DCEP population. While the vast majority exhibit the expected disc-like kinematics, we identify 18 kinematically anomalous Cepheids. These `rogue' stars reside on highly inclined orbits (three at > 70 degrees), including two in retrograde motion and one with a total velocity of ~480 \kms. Despite their extreme trajectories, their optical light curves are consistent with DCEP classifications. We explore whether these anomalies originate from possible classification systematics or physical processes and find only three of our sources are likely misclassified. Assuming a runaway scenario we derive dynamical ages for the kinematic anomalies, which we find highly consistent with their Cepheid ages. Spectroscopic follow-up would be insightful as one source in particular is exceptionally metal poor ([Fe/H] ~ -1.6 dex), which is highly atypical for a DCEP. Integrating photometric classification with 6D kinematics will help fully characterise the Galaxy's variable star populations.

We derive new 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ dualities with $\mathrm{U}(N)$ gauge groups involving pairs of two-index tensors interacting through a quartic superpotential, (anti)-fundamentals and possibly an adjoint. A strong hint for their validity follows from T-duality on brane setups with O6 planes and stacks of multiple NS fivebranes. These setups engineer two families of 4d models known in the literature as mezzanine and balcony of type $A_k$ and $D_{k+2}$. In 4d these models admit a generalization of Seiberg duality, tested also at the brane level. We study the reduction of such dualities from both the brane and the field theory perspective and we establish the matching of the three-sphere partition functions, assuming the validity of the 4d superconformal indices. The latter is achieved through a double scaling limit, whose structure is dictated by the brane picture, and it requires the validity of new 3d confining dualities for quivers with two gauge nodes. Moreover we provide a proof of these confining dualities via the tensor deconfinement technique.

We discuss a problem posed by A.~Agrachev asking how many times a usual circle in $\mathbb R^n$ should be traversed to admit a deformation by curves with nowhere degenerating Frenet frame. It turns out that the answer depends on a specific topology which we consider. For the literal $C^n$ curve topology, the least number of turns of a plane circle admitting arbitrarily small nondegenerate perturbations is \[ k(2)=1,\qquad k(3)=2,\qquad k(n)=1\quad(n\ge4). \] This jet-level problem is different from the original Frenet-control problem by Agrachev. We show that in the literal interpretation of Agrachev's problem one has a simple spherical Fenchel obstruction in all dimensions $n\ge4$. To retain a nontrivial turn-counting problem, we introduce decorated turn data. In $\R^4$ the datum is a pair $(p,q)$ recording tangent-plane and normal-plane turns; we prove that every nonresonant pair $(p,q)$ with $p,q>0$, $p\ne q$, is accessible by small positive constant Frenet controls. In even dimension $2r$ the analogous datum is a vector $(p_1,\ldots,p_r)$, and every vector with pairwise distinct positive entries is accessible by constant controls. Odd dimensions require genuinely time-dependent openings since constant controls cannot close the base curve.

Altermagnets (A$\ell$Ms) are spin-compensated materials in which opposite-spin sublattices are connected by a symmetry that causes a spin splitting in their elementary excitations. As there is a strong effect of altermagnetism on domain wall properties, it is quite natural to also expect an enrichment of the physics of magnetic excitations at A$\ell$M domain walls. Here, we consider the propagation of spin eigen-excitations along domain walls in easy-axial $d$-wave A$\ell$Ms. Investigating the presence of bound states localized on a domain wall, we find that the effect of the A$\ell$M on the bound states strongly depends on the orientation of the domain wall relative to the crystallographic directions. If the domain wall is oriented along a nodal direction [100] or [010], A$\ell$M does not change the number of bound states; however, it leads to a nonlinear dispersion and a tilt of the wavefront. The effect of A$\ell$M is strongest when the domain wall is oriented along the directions [110] or [$\bar{1}$10], i.e., along the directions of the strongest A$\ell$M splitting in the magnon spectrum. In this case, (i) the additional gapped bound states appear, (ii) degeneracy of the eigenstates with respect to their polarization (right-handed or left-handed precession of the Néel vector) is removed, and (iii) the localization area of the bound states strongly depends on the eigenfrequency. The latter may lead to strong localization of the bound state at the domain wall. We further consider the influence of a static magnetic field that is applied along the easy axis, and find that the magnetic field induces an asymmetry between the localization regions on opposite sides of the domain wall and sets an upper limit on the absolute value of the propagating eigenstate's wave vector.

The quantum dynamics of ultracold collisions between rubidium atoms and excited metastable strontium ions is treated in the laboratory frame, enlightening the importance of the coupling between internal angular momenta of the particles and their mutual rotation. The study reveals a subtle competition between electronic excitation exchange and fine structure quenching, with no charge exchange, which is found to be very sensitive to the details of ion-atom interactions. The rate constant for electronic excitation exchange is found in agreement with the experimental results of Ben-Shlomi et al. (Phys. Rev. A 102, 031301(R) (2020)), while the rate for fine structure quenching is predicted to strongly depend on the initial polarization of the reactants.

We test gravity by exploiting the synergy between the gravitational potential decay rate ($\mathit{DR}$) and complementary structure-growth probes: these observables respond to MG parameters with different degeneracy directions, so their combination yields stronger constraints than any single probe. We adopt the tomographic $\mathit{DR}$ measurements reported in \citep{2025ApJ...982...99D} and combine them with CMB-lensing-tomography $\Sigma_8$ measurements and $f\sigma_8$ measurements from DESI DR1 full-shape analyses and the DESI peculiar-velocity field. We apply this joint data vector to two representative frameworks: phenomenological parameterizations and the Effective Field Theory (EFT) $\alpha$-basis. For the phenomenological form $P_{\rm MG}(a)=1+P_{{\rm MG},0}\,\Omega_{\rm DE}(a)/\Omega_{\rm DE}(0)$, where $P_{\rm MG}$ denotes $\mu$, $\eta$, or $\Sigma$, we obtain $\mu_0=0.09\pm0.35$ and $\Sigma_0=0.01\pm0.06$. Compared to the measurements combination $\Sigma_8+f\sigma_8$, including $\mathit{DR}$ tightens the constraint on $\Sigma_0$ by a factor of $\sim2$. For the $(\mu_0,\eta_0)$ case we find $\mu_0=0.06^{+0.17}_{-0.23}$ and $\eta_0=-0.03^{+0.36}_{-0.46}$; relative to $\Sigma_8+f\sigma_8$, adding $\mathit{DR}$ improves the constraints on both parameters by a factor of $\sim1.5$. In the EFT $\alpha$-basis, adopting the parameterization $\alpha_i(a)=c_i\,\Omega_{\rm DE}(a)$ with $i\in\{{\rm M,B}\}$, we find $c_{\rm M}=0.64^{+0.32}_{-0.72}$ and $c{\rm B}=0.31^{+0.19}_{-0.29}$. The corresponding EFT uncertainties are about a factor of $\sim2$ smaller than those reported in \citep{2025JCAP...09..053I}, which combined DESI full-shape and BAO measurements with DES-SN5YR and CMB data. These results demonstrate the capability of $\mathit{DR}$ and the necessity of including the $\mathit{DR}$ measurements in testing gravity.

Instantons are non-perturbative classical solutions which describe transitions between different QCD vacua. They have never been observed experimentally. We consider the signatures of the instanton (sphaleron) production events and the main QCD backgrounds. The possibilities to search for the QCD instantons in the diffractive (i.e. with a large rapidity gap) events at the LHC and via the spin-spin correlations between two hyperons at NICA are discussed.

The manipulation of localization in quasiperiodic systems by mobility edges or localization transition holds significant physical importance. In this letter, we demonstrated that the dissipation can induce the emergence of anomalous mobility edges and extended-localized transition in emitter-cavity arrays controlled by quasiperiodic potentials. Specifically, we observe that the localization properties of emitters is governed by the nature of quantum bound states, either discrete or embedded in continuum, providing a unified mechanism linking the emitter-photon bound physics to quasiperiodic criticality. Depending on the bound state discrete or continuumlike, the induced effective excitation hopping exhibits either exponentially decaying or sinusoidally oscillating, giving rise to the formation of localized or critical states, respectively. Through a generalized duality transformation, we analytically determine the anomalous mobility edges and the critical strength of potential, enabling the construction of a full phase diagram. The study reveals that the physical characteristics of cavity exert a significant influence on excitation localization. Therefore, the manipulation of excitation localization can be achieved solely by adjusting the cavity fields.

We perform a calculation of the invariant mass distributions in the $\psi(3686) \to \Lambda \bar \Lambda \eta$ reaction, where a neat peak for the excitation of the $\Lambda(1670)$ and $\bar \Lambda(1670)$ in the $\eta \Lambda$ and $\eta \bar \Lambda$ mass distributions, respectively, is observed. Our approach uses the fact that the $\psi(3686)$, a $c \bar c$ state, is a singlet of SU(3) in the $u,d,s$ quarks and constructs the two flavor structures allowed with a pseudoscalar meson, a baryon and an antibaryon. The resonance peaks come from the final state interaction of meson baryon pairs, which generate the $ \Lambda(1670)$ in our approach. With a reasonable relative weight of the two flavor structures, the only free parameter of the theory, we are able to get the three mass distributions in good agreement with experiment, giving extra support to the molecular structure of the $ \Lambda(1670)$ resonance. The agreement with data improves with an extra resonant contribution with mass around 2200 MeV, possibly accounting for some resonances.

We present a detailed study of the $pp\to h\to\gamma\gamma$ process in the HPOprodMFV\_UFO model framework, focusing on the Higgs-gluon effective coupling modifier, $\kappa_g$. We generate events for 26 parameter points corresponding to $|\kappa_g|$ values ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 using MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO simulations at 13 TeV with NNPDF3.1 parton distribution functions. These events are processed through Pythia8 for parton showering and hadronisation. This is followed by a fast detector simulation using Delphes with an ATLAS-like configuration and analysis with MadAnalysis5. We verify the expected quadratic scaling, $\sigma(pp \to h \to \gamma\gamma) \propto \kappa_g^2$, with high precision, confirming the consistency of our simulation framework. The Standard Model cross section after the application of selection cuts is found to be $\sigma_{\mathrm{SM}} = 0.04067 \pm 0.00008$ pb. By comparing our results with the ATLAS Run 2 likelihood profile from HEPData (HEPData:ins1851456), we derive constraints on $|\kappa_g|$: \begin{align*} |\kappa_g| &\in [0.80,\, 1.20] \quad \text{at 68% CL}, |\kappa_g| &\in [0.70,\, 1.30] \quad \text{at 95% CL},. \end{align*} These results are in excellent agreement with the official ATLAS and CMS combinations. Our analysis validates the HPOprodMFV\_UFO model implementation and demonstrates the effectiveness of simplified simulations in exploring Higgs couplings in the diphoton channel. }

Ideological asymmetries in online political communication are often studied as localized phenomena emerging within communities. Here, we show that fragmentation instead operates at the level of entire platforms, consistent with a process of platform sorting in which users increasingly align with ideologically congruent environments. We analyze political information dynamics across Bluesky, Facebook, Reddit, Truth Social, Twitter/X, and YouTube during the 2020 and 2024 US presidential elections, combining measures of content sharing, engagement allocation, and user-level ideological orientation. Across platforms, ideological fragmentation emerges consistently and persists over time. Platforms exhibit distinct ideological profiles that persist across the two election cycles, ranging from strongly left-leaning to strongly right-leaning environments. Longitudinal analyses further reveal limited ideological variability among persistent user cohorts, indicating that apparent changes within single platforms reflect ecosystem-level sorting rather than convergence toward neutrality. Taken together, our results show that the dynamics of platform sorting is not a transient reaction to political events or moderation interventions, but a persistent structural feature of the social media ecosystem.

Many nanoscale magnetic imaging techniques are constrained by the maximum magnetic field that can be applied during measurements, due to geometrical limitations or interactions with the probe or the detected signal (e.g., electrons). Here, it is demonstrated that sample-integrated metamaterial-inspired magnetic flux concentrators (MFCs) locally amplify magnetic fields, allowing observation of magnetization processes beyond instrumental limits. Micrometer-sized MFCs fabricated directly on the samples are tested in photoemission electron microscopy experiments employing X-ray magnetic circular dichroism as magnetic contrast mechanism. At low applied fields, substantial amplification factors enable observation of magnetization reversal in a chain of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria at an applied field of 8 mT, substantially smaller than the 50 mT predicted by simulations in absence of MFCs. At higher fields, the field enhancement extends the accessible field range by a factor of five, enabling for the first time, imaging of the field-dependent magnetic domain structure evolution of an isolated giant magnetofossil. Finally, we show how MFC geometry and material parameters can be tuned to optimize performance considering sample and experimental constraints, providing a tunable and broadly applicable strategy for extending the accessible field range in a wide variety of nanoscale magnetic imaging techniques.

We propose simultaneous $\alpha\beta$ decay as a novel mode of nuclear instability that involves the strong and weak interactions in a single quantum transition. We develop a theoretical framework to predict its branching ratios and $\alpha$-energy spectra, establishing exclusive and inclusive criteria based on whether the individual $\alpha$ and $\beta$ channels are closed or open. A global survey of the nuclear chart identifies five exclusive $\alpha\beta^-$ candidates, all predicted to be experimentally inaccessible, and ranks the leading inclusive candidates for both the $\alpha\beta^-$ and $\alpha\beta^+$ modes. Remarkably, six of the top $\alpha\beta^+$ candidates coincide with known $\beta$-delayed-$\alpha$ precursors. The observed $\alpha$ spectra are naturally accounted for by simultaneous $\alpha\beta^+$ emission without additional assumptions, indicating a substantial and possibly dominant direct component. Our findings establish simultaneous $\alpha\beta$ decay as a distinct radioactive process and a sensitive probe of the interplay between the strong and weak interactions.