Papers

Building on earlier work of Katsura and Rybakov, we complete the classification, in every characteristic, of all groups $G$ acting on an abelian surface $A$ by automorphisms preserving the group law such that the resolution of the quotient $A/G$ is a K3 surface. In order to do so, we study actions of groups with $p\mid|G|$ in characteristics $p=2,3$ and $5$. Using the theory of rational double points in positive characteristic, we show that the possible ADE singularity types of $A/G$ are constrained by the requirement that their local fundamental group contains $G$ as a subgroup, and we determine the singular locus of $A/G$ via the action of $G$ on the $\ell$-adic Tate module of $A$. As a key step in the classification, we prove that if $A$ is a supersingular abelian surface and $p\mid|G|$, then $A/G$ can never be a generalised Kummer surface. Finally, we construct explicit examples of such generalised Kummer surfaces as quotients of products of two elliptic curves.

Hyperelliptic theta divisors, and more generally, Brill-Noether loci, are shown to be locally catalecticant determinantal varieties. This has many consequences for their local and global structure.

Cluster varieties contain the union of cluster tori and the points not in this union are called $\textit{deep points}$, and the locus of these points is called the $\textit{deep locus}$. In arXiv:2402.16970, a description of this locus is conjectured for locally acyclic cluster algebras, in particular, stating that this should be the stabilizer locus of the cluster automorphism group. We resolve this conjecture for the case of cluster algebras arising from surfaces, introduced in arXiv:math/0608367, and the remaining finite type cases as categorized in arXiv:math/0208229. In particular, we show locally acyclic surface type cluster varieties have no deep points not contained in the stabilizer locus, and finite type cluster algebras also have no deep points not contained in the stabilizer locus, validating the mysterious points conjecture in these cases.

We prove that every prime Fano threefold of genus $\geq 7$ in positive characteristic is a linear section of a Mukai variety.

Let $X$ be a prime Fano threefold of genus $g\geq 8$ in positive characteristic. For every nontrivial decomposition $g =rs$, we prove that there exists a unique Mukai bundle on $X$ of type $(r, s)$. To this end, we show that every smooth hyperplane section of $X$ is Brill-Noether general.

Richardson tableaux were introduced by Karp and Precup in their study of irreducible components of Springer fibers that are Richardson varieties. Guo gave an explicit bijection between Richardson tableaux and Motzkin paths through noncrossing involutions and the Robinson–Schensted (RS) algorithm. In this paper, we study Richardson tableaux of a fixed shape from the viewpoint of Motzkin paths. We introduce a shape algorithm, independent of the RS algorithm, that directly determines the shape of the corresponding Richardson tableau from a Motzkin path. Based on this algorithm, we construct a local bijection which keeps track of the major statistic and reproves combinatorially Karp and Precup's $q$-enumeration formula for Richardson tableaux of a given shape. We also prove in two ways a conjecture of Guo on the comajor generating function for Richardson tableaux with a prescribed number of odd columns.

Anabelian geometry as an attempt to describe geometry in terms of étale topological data has addressed so far mainly categories of varieties over a field. In this paper we work over a normal base scheme $S$ of finite type over a sub-$p$-adic field and show that families of hyperbolic curves over $S$ are anabelian among smooth $S$-schemes with respect to dominant morphisms.

We study the support property for stability conditions obtained by gluing along semiorthogonal decompositions. Our main tool is a new gluing construction for abelian categories along a bimodule: under natural exactness assumptions the glued category is abelian, and it recovers the heart obtained by gluing $t$-structures. This gives a concrete description of objects in the glued heart which we use to prove the support property given a phase gap for glued semistable objects. In particular, we prove the support property assuming Collins–Polishchuk phase bounds. As applications, we construct stability conditions on dg-comma categories, including examples related to augmented curves in the sense of Alexeev and Kuznetsov, and analyze the behavior of the construction under mutations of semiorthogonal decompositions.

A compact complex manifold has the bounded mass property if, for one (equivalently, every) Hermitian form $\omega$, the masses $\int_X(\omega+\mathrm{dd}^{\mathrm{c}}\varphi)^n$ are uniformly bounded over all smooth $\varphi$ with $\omega+\mathrm{dd}^{\mathrm{c}}\varphi>0$. We prove that this property fails on the Hopf threefold $(\mathbb C^3\setminus\{0\})/\langle z\mapsto\mathrm{e}^{-1}z\rangle$, answering a question of Boucksom–Guedj–Lu.

Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$. Within Berthelot's theory of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules, we construct a $p$-adic formalism of Grothendieck's six operations for quasi-projective schemes over the basis $\mathrm{Spec}\, k[[t]]$.

We investigate the birational geometry of moduli spaces of polygons and quivers, emphasizing the link between Mori theory and symplectic reduction. On the additive side we relate Mori models of $Bl_{n-1}\mathbb{P}^{n-3}$ with GIT quotients of configurations of points on $\mathbb{P}^1$, Hassett–GIT spaces, parabolic quotients with fixed trivial bundle, quiver moduli spaces, and additive polygon spaces. On the multiplicative side we relate Mori models of $Bl_n\mathbb{P}^{n-3}$ with moduli spaces of rank two parabolic bundles with trivial determinant, multiplicative polygons, multiplicative configurations, and compact multiplicative quiver quotients. In this way, the Mori chamber decompositions are matched with wall-crossing for the corresponding additive and multiplicative symplectic quotients. Finally, for the small models appearing in these two constructions, we compute the corresponding groups of algebraic automorphisms.

Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety and $D = D_1+\cdots+D_k\subset X$ a divisor with simple normal crossings. Consider Deligne's canonical extension $(F,\nabla)$ of a flat algebraic vector bundle on $X^*:=X\setminus D$ with unipotent monodromy around every component of $D$. We define and compare the various constructions of the extended Chern-Simons classes $$ \mathrm{CS}_p(\nabla^{\mathrm{Del}})\;\in\; H^{2p-1}(X,\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}),\, p\geq 1, $$ attached to $(F,\nabla)$. Our main theorem states that $\mathrm{CS}_p(\nabla^{\mathrm{Del}})$ is torsion in $H^{2p-1}(X,\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z})$, for every $p\geq 2$, extending \cite{Reznikov}, \cite{Reznikov2}, \cite{IS-arXiv},\cite{IS-2div}). We treat the case of quasi-unipotent local monodromies via locally abelian parabolic bundles, and deduce the torsion of Chern-Simons classes. We also extend the Deligne-Sullivan theorem \cite{DeSu} on triviality of flat bundle on a finite covering of a smooth manifold, to that of a canonical extension, and provide torsion-bounds on the extended characteristic classes.

Let $f:(X,\Delta)\rightarrow Y$ be a surjective holomorphic map between two normal Kahler varieties, where (X,\Delta) is a log canonical pair, -(KX+\Delta) is nef and Y is Q-Gorenstein. In Fu-Guo-Song-Wang [18], it is proved that -KY is pseudo-effective if f is a projective morphism. In this paper, prove that -KY is pseudo-effective without assuming that f is projective

Let $p\ge 5$ be a prime with $p\equiv -1\pmod 3$, let $q=p^r$, and consider \[ \cC:\qquad y^3=x^{(q^2+1)/2}+x \] over $\F_{q^6}$. We prove the exact formula \[ \#\cC(\F_{q^6})=q^6+1+(-1)^{r+1}(q^2-1)q^3. \] Since $g(\cC)=(q^2-1)/2$, the curve is maximal when $r$ is odd and minimal when $r$ is even. The proof uses a birational Kummer model and an explicit Jacobi-sum point count. A congruence together with Frobenius invariance reduces the relevant Jacobi sums to cubic Gauss sums, whose sign is determined from the Fermat cubic. In particular, the maximality of $y^3=x^{13}+x$ over $\F_{5^6}$ appears as the first case of an infinite family.

We study reducibility of the characteristic polynomials of a class of finite Jacobi pencils. We classify the diagonal equality patterns for which generic connected couplings yield reducibility and use this classification to prove that for $n\ge4$, the connected reducible locus has codimension at least two in the connected parameter space. For $n=2m+1$, we also prove that for every fixed connected coupling vector, the locus of diagonal potentials that admit a constant branch has codimension $m$.

We consider systems of homogeneous multivariate polynomials equivariant under the complex reflection group $G(r,n) = (\mathbb{Z}/r\mathbb{Z})^n \rtimes S_n$. Using divided differences indexed by partitions of $n$, we establish a decomposition formula expressing the resultant of such a system as a product of resultants of smaller, partition-indexed subsystems. Combining this with the classical resultant–discriminant relation, we show that the discriminant of a $G(r,n)$-invariant homogeneous polynomial splits explicitly into a product of resultants of smaller subsystems, considerably easier to compute; we illustrate both decompositions with worked examples.

Using determinantal divisors of integral matrices, that is, greatest common divisors of minors of fixed order, we introduce the notion of type of a homomorphism $f$ of complex tori, which is similar to the type of a polarization. We show that the type is invariant under composition with isomorphisms, and that it completely describes the kernel of $f$ as a group. More precisely, the quotient of the kernel by its connected component containing 0 is a product of cyclic groups whose orders are determined by the type of $f$. Since the type can be computed from any rational representation of $f$, this gives an effective way to determine the kernel of a homomorphism. As a consequence, we compute the classic invariants degree and exponent of $f$, when $f$ has finite kernel. When $f$ is an isogeny, we also compute the type of its inverse isogeny from that of $f$. Finally, we compare the type of a polarization to the type of its associated isogeny.

In this article, we show that flips and divisorial contractions preserve the Kähler condition (for strongly $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial compact Kähler generalized klt pairs with $B+\beta_X$ big), and we give a criterion for varieties in Fujiki's class $\mathcal C$ to be Kähler. We also prove the existence of small $\mathbb Q$-factorializations for generalized klt pairs and of dlt modifications for generalized pairs.

We study the Green-Griffiths-Lang Conjecture for complements of smooth plane curves. We develop an effective method for computing a family of negatively twisted invariant logarithmic 2-jet differentials. By realizing the first logarithmic jet space as a hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^2 \times \mathbb{P}^2$, we encode these jet differentials in a finitely generated bigraded module that can be computed explicitly. We use this description to give a computational criterion for the Green-Griffiths-Lang Conjecture and verify it for several families of smooth plane curves. In examples with sufficiently many independent jet differentials, we determine the exceptional locus explicitly.

We define and study the arithmetic de Rham stack $X^{\operatorname{arith}}$ of a scheme $X$ over a field of characteristic $p$, and analyze its relation with related stacks such as the Hyodo–Kato stack. We show that $X^{\operatorname{arith}}$ gives a stack-theoretic approach to rigid cohomology and its coefficients, known as overconvergent isocrystals and arithmetic $D$-modules, which avoids the long-standing problem of frame-choosing in earlier approaches. We finally give some arithmetic applications of our formalism, such as a proof of Berthelot's conjecture on the preservation of overconvergent isocrystals by smooth proper pushforward.

Classical information criteria such as the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) rely on regularity assumptions that break down for singular models, leading to incorrect model selection in settings such as deep learning. The Widely Applicable Bayesian Information Criterion (WBIC) relies on local learning coefficients $\lambda$, which in the analytic case coincides with local Real Log Canonical Thresholds (RLCT) of the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the model, to capture correct marginal likelihood asymptotics. Exact computation of the learning coefficients has been limited to special cases, and only sampling-based estimation methods are generally applicable. We present the first deterministic algorithm that computes local RLCTs exactly for any two-dimensional model whose Kullback-Leibler distance is contact equivalent to a polynomial, derive a bound on its complexity, and demonstrate its effectiveness for a broad class of models, with applications including polynomial neural networks. Beyond providing ground truth to calibrate sampling-based estimators, exact computation reveals algebraic structure in learning coefficients that sampling cannot and out-speeds it in the shallow regime.

In this paper, we show that the quantitative data underlying $K$-stability, originally developed in the study of canonical metrics, also detect the existence of positive scalar curvature Kähler metrics in a fixed class.

Let $S$ be a smooth quartic del Pezzo surface over a field $k$, of characteristic zero. We prove that a universal torsor $\mathcal T$ over $S$ is $k$-rational, provided $\mathcal T$ has $k$-points. As an application, we obtain examples of stably rational smooth cubic hypersurfaces over $\mathbb Q$ in every dimension greater than 2.

We introduce explicit construction methods for two distinct birational models of elliptic surfaces equipped with a bisection — or, more generally, a relative polarisation of degree two — and double fibres. For Halphen surfaces of index two and Enriques surfaces, we illustrate how these give simple descriptions inside a toric variety.

Computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors is at the heart of the solution of many non-linear problems. For instance, finding the roots of polynomial systems reduces to computing joint eigenvectors of operators of multiplication. Similarly, tensor decomposition can be performed via the joint diagonalization of submatrices of the Catalecticant of the tensor. We describe and illustrate symbolic-numeric methods for computing the solutions of these algebraic problems from the computation of joint eigenvectors of commuting operators, and for analysing their multiplicity structure, as well as their implementation in the package AlgebraicSolvers.jl.

We construct 2d $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ gauged linear sigma models with $\mathrm{U}(1|1)^N$ supergauge group possibly with superpotential. Despite being nonunitary, one can still study their space of supersymmetric states and explore their applications to mathematics. In particular, we find a relation between a nonlinear sigma model on a Calabi-Yau complete intersection of hypersurfaces in a super-Grassmannian and a supergauged Landau-Ginzburg orbifold, which can reduce to a regular Calabi-Yau/Landau-Ginzburg correspondence for complete intersections. This defines a super-Grassmannian/supergroup generalization of the correspondence proved by Clader [1] and Zhao [2]. Similarly, we find a relation between a nonlinear sigma model on a Calabi-Yau hypersurface in a product of super-Grassmannians and a hybrid NLSM/supergauged Landau-Ginzburg orbifold, which can reduce to a regular hybrid Calabi-Yau/Landau-Ginzburg correspondence for hypersurfaces in product space. This defines a super-Grassmannian/supergroup generalization of the correspondence proved by Fan-Jarvis-Ruan [3]. We also find that Calabi-Yau supervector bundles over a super-Grassmannian can undergo a physically related mild topology change which is reducible to a regular Atiyah-type flop transition. This defines a super-Grassmannian generalization of a birational equivalence of Calabi-Yau vector bundles in mathematics. Similarly, we find that a Calabi-Yau complete intersection of quadrics in a super-Grassmannian can also undergo a physically related topology change which is reducible to a regular conifold transition. This defines a super-Grassmannian generalization of a homological projective duality for Calabi-Yau quadrics by Kuznetsov-Perry [4] in mathematics.

Silverman conjectured that the geometric divisibility sequence attached to a Zariski-dense point on an irreducible commutative algebraic group of dimension at least two, with no unipotent part, returns to its initial value infinitely often. We construct, for the first time, unconditional examples of this phenomenon on geometrically nonsplit semiabelian varieties over number fields using torsion translates of normalized Ribet points. More precisely, let $A/K$ be a positive-dimensional abelian variety over number field $K$, let \[ 1\longrightarrow\mathbf G_m\xrightarrow{\iota}G_q\xrightarrow{\pi}A \longrightarrow0 \] be the extension represented by $q\in A^\vee(K)$, and let $R_\beta(q)\in G_q(K)$ be the normalized Ribet point associated with a homomorphism $\beta:A^\vee\to A$. We set $\delta:=\beta-\widehat\beta$ and assume that $\delta$ is an isogeny and that $\mathbf Z(\delta q)$ is Zariski dense in $A$. For a torsion point $t\in\mathbf G_m(K)_{\mathrm{tors}}$, identify $t$ with $\iota(t)$ and set $P=R_\beta(q)+t$. Then $P$ has Zariski-dense cyclic orbit in the geometrically nonsplit extension $G_q$. There exists an explicit integer $N_{\delta,t}$ such that if $N_{\delta,t}>1$, then $N_{\delta,t}\mid \mathrm{ord}(\overline P_v)$ at all but finitely many places $v$. Consequently, there is a squarefree integer $Q_P>1$ such that \[ (n,Q_P)=1 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \mathfrak d_{\mathcal N}(nP)=\mathfrak d_{\mathcal N}(P), \] where $\mathfrak d_{\mathcal N}$ denotes the full denominator ideal on the Néron lft-model $\mathcal N$. In particular, we construct explicitly a geometrically nonsplit semiabelian surface $G/\mathbf Q$ and a semiabelian threefold over $\mathbf Q$ satisfying the Silverman conjecture. It follows that we can construct instances satisfying the Silverman conjecture for every dimension at least two.

Let $X$ be a projective line bundle over a nonsingular toric surface which is a blowup the projective plane along at most 4 invariant points, or a blowup the product of the projective lines along at most 4 invariant points. Let $L$ be an ample line bundle on $X$. Then $L$ defines a projectively normal embedding to big projective space. We show the ideal of this embedded $X$ is generated by elements of degree two.

We prove the Tate conjecture for abelian fourfolds over finite fields. This is the first resolution of the conjecture for all abelian varieties of a fixed dimension over finite fields since the work of Tate in the 1960s. The proof relies on techniques from Ancona's proof of the standard conjecture of Hodge type for abelian fourfolds, and ultimately reduces to Markman's results on the algebraicity of Weil classes on complex abelian varieties. Combining the above case of the Tate conjecture with theorems of Ancona and Kahn, we deduce that the standard conjecture on homological versus numerical equivalence holds for abelian fourfolds over arbitrary fields. This completes the proof of the standard conjectures for abelian fourfolds.

We investigate the action of the affine Yangian $Y_{t_1,t_2}(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_1)$ on the singular cohomology of the moduli space of stable sheaves $\mathcal{M}$ on a smooth projective surface $S$. Through an intersection-theoretic analysis of nested moduli spaces, we obtain a proof of the representation $$Y_{t_1,t_2}(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_1) \curvearrowright H_{\mathcal{M}}.$$ This intersection-theoretic approach extends classical constructions to the full Yangian structure and circumvents the $K$-theoretic machinery traditionally required to establish this action.