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Physics High Energy Physics (Experiment)

hep-ex Watch High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Tuesday 1 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption and the High-Energy Event in LUX-ZEPLIN

Yuanchao Lou and Chih-Ting Lu

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has reported a single candidate event in the high-energy nuclear recoil window $248\pm32.5\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ with an exposure of $2.84\ \mathrm{ton}\cdot\mathrm{yr}$, while the low-energy spectrum remains consistent with background expectations. We demonstrate that this excess can be naturally explained by the neutral-current absorption of fermionic dark matter on xenon nuclei. For a dark matter mass $m_\chi \simeq 247\ \mathrm{MeV}$, the coherent absorption process produces a monoenergetic nuclear recoil at $E_R \simeq 248\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$. At this momentum transfer, the absorption process enters the incoherent regime, where scattering off individual nucleons produces a broad recoil spectrum extending from $\sim 200\ \mathrm{keV}$ to $100.2\ \mathrm{MeV}$. We show that a single effective field theory coupling can simultaneously produce one event in the $248\pm32.5\ \mathrm{keV}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ window while remaining consistent with the non-observation of events in neighboring energy regions. The required single-nucleon absorption cross section is $\sigma_{\chi N}^{\mathrm{NC}} = 1.07\times10^{-46}\ \mathrm{cm}^2$, corresponding to an effective field theory scale $\Lambda \simeq 11.5\ \mathrm{TeV}$. However, a recasting analysis of KamLAND data on the neutron-emission channel $\chi+{}^{12}\mathrm{C} \to \nu + n + {}^{11}\mathrm{C}^*$ excludes this benchmark parameter space, establishing a significant tension between the LZ excess interpretation and existing constraints from large-volume scintillator detectors. We discuss the implications of this tension and prospects for resolving it with future dedicated high-energy analyses.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Construction and Performance of the sMDT Precision Muon Tracking Chambers for ATLAS at the HL-LHC

D. A. Buchin, O. Kortner, H. Kroha et al. (+5 more)

In order to improve the muon trigger efficiency and the rate capability of the ATLAS muon detectors for operation at the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) tracking chambers in the inner barrel layer of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer will be replaced by small-diameter Muon Drift Tube (sMDT) chambers integrated with new thin-gap RPC trigger chambers. The sMDT chambers are in serial production since January 2021. This documentation provides insight into the drift tube production and every step performed in the chamber construction at the MPI Munich. The serial production involves a stringent quality control program to assure the reliability and high mechanical precision of the chambers. This program consists of tests of the individual drift tubes, measurements of the chamber geometry and proof of gas tightness. Final certification at the production site is provided using cosmic rays. The dedicated quality control database and monitoring Web interface that is used commonly for both production sites of the sMDT chambers is presented
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All authors D. A. Buchin, O. Kortner, H. Kroha, A. Reed, M. Rendel, P. Rieck, E. Voevodina, V. M. Walbrecht

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Constraint on the Higgs boson width in the diphoton final state using signal-background interference in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration

The standard model Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, has a predicted decay width, $\Gamma_\mathrm{H}$, of 4.1 MeV. This Letter presents the first constraint on $\Gamma_\mathrm{H}$ obtained through the interference between the resonant H $\to$ $\gamma\gamma$ process and the continuum $\gamma\gamma$ production, both produced via gluon-gluon fusion. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The observed (expected) limit on the Higgs boson width is $\Gamma_\mathrm{H}$ $\lt$ 92 (138) MeV at 95% confidence level. This is the most stringent constraint on $\Gamma_\mathrm{H}$ from on-shell Higgs boson measurements to date.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Validating a BDT-based Electron-Positron Identification Algorithm at CLAS12 with Experimental Data

Mariana Tenorio Pita, Pierre Chatagnon and Richard Tyson

This article presents a machine-learning, particle-identification algorithm for electrons and positrons in the CLAS12 experiment. The main objective was to minimize charged-pion contamination for both experimental and simulated data. We developed, evaluated and validated two BDT models with different input features, both trained on simulated samples, and conducted rigorous validation using both simulated and experimental data to ensure reliability. Our results show the effectiveness of the applied models in mitigating background contamination. By retaining more than 90% of leptons in the simulated samples, the charged-pion background is largely reduced. Performance was evaluated on experimental data, providing a framework to validate such approaches at CLAS12 and future electron-beam facilities.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from nucl-th

Fundamental geometric limitations on disentangling nuclear-surface properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Hadi Mehrabpour, Behnaz Behzadmoghaddam, S. M. A. Tabatabaee Mehr et al. (+2 more)

The extraction of the nuclear surface diffuseness from relativistic heavy ion collisions is limited by the intertwined responses of geometry-driven observables to surface diffuseness and intrinsic nuclear deformation. We investigate this limitation using event-by-event Monte Carlo Glauber simulations, focusing on the sensitivity of multiparticle correlations to the Woods–Saxon surface diffuseness $a_0$ in intrinsically deformed nuclei. We systematically examine the local correlations between $a_0$ and quadrupole and octupole deformation parameters, $\beta_2$ and $\beta_3$, and determine how these correlations affect the ability of different observables to constrain $a_0$. We find that observables dominated by elliptic geometry exhibit a strong response to quadrupole deformation, leading to a local $a_0$–$\beta_2$ degeneracy that substantially limits their sensitivity to the nuclear surface diffuseness. Triangular correlations provide a more independent response to the nuclear surface and therefore retain additional information on $a_0$, although their sensitivity can also be modified by intrinsic deformation. Extending the analysis to simultaneous quadrupole and octupole deformation shows that the local degeneracy and least-constrained directions depend on the nuclear configuration, demonstrating that the limitation on extracting $a_0$ is not described by a single global parameter correlation. We quantify these effects using multidimensional response maps, local sensitivity and information-geometric measures, and a Bayesian analysis of the resulting parameter constraints. The results clarify the fundamental limitations imposed by intrinsic multipole deformation on the determination of nuclear surface diffuseness from relativistic heavy ion collisions and identify multiparticle correlations that provide more independent information on $a_0$.
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All authors Hadi Mehrabpour, Behnaz Behzadmoghaddam, S. M. A. Tabatabaee Mehr, Oscar Garcia-Montero, Li Yan

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Angular correlations and polarization in $Z$+jet production at the LHC

Francesco Giovanni Celiberto and Francesca Lonigro

Precision studies at the LHC increasingly require theoretical control over QCD radiation beyond fixed-order perturbation theory, particularly in final states characterised by large separations in rapidity. High-energy logarithms can generate corrections at the ten-percent level even for electroweak-scale observables, as recently observed in Higgs production, motivating their systematic inclusion in precision analyses. We investigate this regime through Drell$-$Yan plus jet production, with particular emphasis on $Z$-boson final states and their angular and polarisation structure. High-energy logarithms are resummed at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and consistently combined with NLO fixed-order information. Beyond inclusive rapidity and transverse-momentum spectra, the framework resolves the azimuthal harmonic content of the process, whose pattern is reshaped by the transition from leading- to next-to-leading-order emission dynamics. We further develop the JETHAD$-$DYnamis$-$POWHEG strategy towards realistic lepton-level predictions, retaining spin correlations, decay-angle information, and experimentally accessible kinematics. This programme establishes $Z$+jet production as a precision probe of high-energy QCD dynamics for Run~3 and the HL-LHC.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from nucl-th

QED nuclear medium effects at EicC

Oleksandr Tomalak

We evaluate quantum electrodynamics (QED) nuclear medium effects under experimental conditions at the future Electron-ion collider in China (EicC). We consider neutral-current and charged-current elastic scattering, as well as neutral-current and charged-current deep inelastic scattering. We compute cross-section corrections at first order in the opacity expansion and estimate kinematic modifications due to multiple rescattering within the nucleus. We perform the first calculations of charged-current deep inelastic scattering and polarized scattering. We present results for the anticipated $^{197}_{79}\mathrm{Au},~^{208}_{82}\mathrm{Pb},$ and $^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U}$ nuclei and extrapolate these calculations to the lighter $^{40}_{20}\mathrm{Ca}$ isotope. We find that QED nuclear medium effects are non-negligible when extracting the process-independent non-perturbative structure of nucleons and nuclei at the EicC.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Saturation effects in diffractive deep inelastic scattering

Jani Penttala, Christophe Royon and Jarno Vierros

We study the production of $c$ and $b$ quarks in photon-induced processes as a probe of gluon saturation, with a focus on the high-energy region accessible in ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) at the LHC. We compare predictions for inclusive and diffractive heavy quark production with and without saturation effects by using the nonlinear Balitsky–Kovchegov and the linear Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov equations for the evolution of the dipole amplitude. The percentage of coherent diffractive events is predicted to be $~20\%$ in the saturation model, which is approximately twice as large as predictions based on parton distribution functions and shadowing. This indicates that measurements of diffractive heavy quark production in UPCs may provide a sensitive probe for distinguishing linear and nonlinear regimes of quantum chromodynamics.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from cs.SE

Reliable LLM-Generated Programs for High-Energy Physics Experiments through Graph-Grounded Software Knowledge

Yue Sun, Tong Liu, Yipu Liao et al. (+2 more)

Extracting physics information from modern particle-physics experiments requires multistage analyses implemented on top of large and highly interconnected software ecosystems. General-purpose large language models (LLMs) often produce unreliable programs for such tasks because a user request alone rarely specifies the required APIs, dependencies, and usage conventions. We organize these software relations before generation and retrieve task-relevant knowledge at inference time. Using the open-source ROOT framework as a representative and reproducible testbed, we evaluate a complete grounding system that combines hybrid retrieval over a heterogeneous software knowledge graph, skill-selected workflow examples, and execution-guided repair. On a benchmark of 275 ROOT tasks, grounding improves first-attempt execution from 58.5% to 76.0% under Claude Code orchestration and from 51.3% to 64.0% under standalone orchestration. Final success increases from 90.5% to 96.0% and from 78.9% to 90.9%, respectively, while the average generation cost per successful task increases by only 1.3% and 3.2%. The gains persist under a strong coding agent, indicating that explicit software knowledge remains valuable even when agentic scaffolding is already in place. Because the method captures software relations common to large codebases rather than facts specific to ROOT or a particular model, it should transfer to other experiment frameworks and proprietary software, especially where documentation is sparse or internal dependencies are complex.
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All authors Yue Sun, Tong Liu, Yipu Liao, Jingde Chen, Ke Li

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Neutrino Experiments at the LHC and the HL-LHC

Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee and Albert De Roeck

High energy neutrinos are copiously produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland. In particular, a large neutrino flux is expected in the far-forward direction. This flux is concentrated near the beam axis, reaches energies up to the TeV scale, and for electron and tau neutrinos can be dominated by heavy flavour decays at the highest energies. These features open a new experimental window for studying neutrino interactions with dedicated forward detectors, in an energy range beyond the reach of traditional accelerator-based neutrino experiments. The new FASER and SND@LHC experiments reported the first direct observations of neutrino interactions at a hadron collider using the first data from Run 3, which started in 2022. Since then, the programme has advanced to the first measurements, including charged-current neutrino-nucleon cross sections and the detection of different neutrino flavours. This article describes the forward neutrino flux at the LHC, the acceptance and detector concepts of the Run 3 experiments, and summarises the current status of collider neutrino measurements. It also discusses prospects for extending this neutrino programme towards the HL-LHC era. The collected data will also provide constraints on very forward hadron production, and enable searches for feebly interacting particles.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Mixing-angle sensitivity of inclusive $\Xi_{bc} $ and $\Omega_{bc}$ lifetimes

Hai-Yang Cheng, Chia-Wei Liu and Fanrong Xu

We study the inclusive lifetimes of $\Xi_{bc}^{+}$, $\Xi_{bc}^{0}$, and $\Omega_{bc}^{0}$, with emphasis on the mixing between the spin-zero and spin-one $bc$-diquark configurations. The relevant hadronic matrix elements are evaluated in both the homogeneous bag model (HBM) and the nonrelativistic quark model (NRQM). At the benchmark mixing angles of $-23.0^\circ$ for $\Xi_{bc}$ and $-23.5^\circ$ for $\Omega_{bc}$, the corresponding lifetime triplets are $\left(\tau_{\Xi_{bc}^{+}},\tau_{\Xi_{bc}^{0}},\tau_{\Omega_{bc}^{0}}\right)=\left(0.421^{+0.093}_{-0.093},0.075^{+0.035}_{-0.010},0.223^{+0.074}_{-0.043}\right)\,\mathrm{ps}$ in the HBM and $\left(\tau_{\Xi_{bc}^{+}},\tau_{\Xi_{bc}^{0}},\tau_{\Omega_{bc}^{0}}\right)=\left(0.367^{+0.076}_{-0.070},0.100^{+0.032}_{-0.014},0.229^{+0.066}_{-0.042}\right)\,\mathrm{ps}$ in the NRQM. Relative to the unmixed spin-one reference points, the $\Xi_{bc}^{0}$ and $\Omega_{bc}^{0}$ lifetimes decrease by approximately $17\%$-$19\%$. Neither the minimum nor the maximum of the central lifetime curves occurs at a pure $S_{bc}=0$ or $S_{bc}=1$ configuration; the extrema instead lie at mixed angles with $\left|\phi_{\mathcal{B}}\right|\simeq27^\circ$-$63^\circ$. The two pure-spin limits alone are therefore insufficient to characterize the full mixing-angle dependence.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Panda Diplomacy: Foundation Model Pre-training across Particle Imaging Detectors for High Energy and Nuclear Physics

Samuel Young, César Jesús-Valls and Kazuhiro Terao

Foundation models are increasingly being pursued in particle and nuclear physics, but existing approaches remain strongly tied to individual experiments through detector-specific architectures or pre-training objectives, limiting their reuse across sensing modalities. We show that a point cloud self-distillation framework yields a substantially more general sensor-level pre-training recipe. We show that the same refined architecture and objective can be independently pre-trained with minimal changes on three qualitatively different detector modalities: liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC), collider TPC, and water Cherenkov. Using 1,000 labeled images for downstream task adaptation, Panda V2 matches or exceeds specialized foundation-model baselines trained with orders of magnitude more supervision, matching state-of-the-art particle-clustering performance with 70x fewer labeled events on sPHENIX while substantially improving particle identification, and on LArTPC data matching Panda (arXiv:2512.01324) particle reconstruction with up to 1,000x fewer labels. Beyond reconstruction, simple linear probes reveal physically meaningful latent structure associated with particle causality and track curvature.
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Monday 31 August

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from cs.DC

Client-side transparent caching for remote ROOT data analysis

Dmytro Kovalskyi, Jan Eysermans, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso et al. (+1 more)

High-energy physics analyses often process the same data as physicists refine algorithms and test new ideas. With data increasingly read from remote storage, each iteration is subject to network latency and depends on network bandwidth and shared-storage throughput, which can vary substantially under load. We present uCache (xrd-ucache), a transparent client-side cache implemented as an XRootD client plugin that requires neither server-side deployment nor changes to analysis code. It uses local storage on the analysis machine as a cache layer between the network and memory. The cache stores only the data actually read by an analysis. It can also rebuild cached data into a branch-aligned, recompressed form, eliminating most of the input/output and decompression costs of subsequent passes. We benchmark the cache using the Analysis Grand Challenge top quark pair analysis on public CMS Open Data compressed with zlib and LZMA. Filling the cache adds essentially no overhead compared with a direct read. Subsequent passes are 1.6-8.8 times faster from the byte cache and 2.1-15.7 times faster from the recompressed cache. For a typical analysis, a 1 TB cache suffices for datasets of 10-20 TB. The largest improvements occur when the remote data source is heavily loaded or geographically distant.
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All authors Dmytro Kovalskyi, Jan Eysermans, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso, Christoph Paus

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Improved Threshold for Particle-Induced Magnetic Avalanche in Single-Molecule Magnets Using Fe$_8$ Molecule

Bailey Kohn, Rupak Mahapatra, Ivan Borzenets et al. (+6 more)

Extending the original work on the development of a magnetic avalanche detector using Mn$_{12}$-ac single-molecule magnet (SMM), we report the results on a significantly lower threshold magnetic avalanche detector using Fe$_8$ SMM. Fe$_8$ has an order of magnitude smaller relaxation time that is expected to produce at least 3 orders of magnitude lower avalanche threshold compared to Mn$_{12}$-ac. We confirm this experimentally through the detection of gamma particles with energy at least two orders of magnitude lower than the original Mn$_{12}$-ac detection demonstrated using alpha particles, limited by the experimentally available radiation source. The true threshold of avalanche may be significantly lower and will be explored with lower energy x-rays and potentially infrared photons.
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All authors Bailey Kohn, Rupak Mahapatra, Ivan Borzenets, Lok Raj Pant, Amis Sharma, Tom Melia, Michael Nippe, Anna Schmautz, Surjeet Rajendran

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Two-Stage Machine Learning Strategy for Scalar and Vector Leptoquark Discrimination at the LHC

Ernesto Arganda, Martín de los Rios, Andres D. Perez et al. (+2 more)

We present a machine learning framework for the characterization of leptoquark (LQ) signals at the Large Hadron Collider, focusing on the discrimination between scalar (SLQ) and vector (VLQ) hypotheses. The method is based on a two-stage inference pipeline that combines a classifier trained to separate Standard Model backgrounds from a mixed LQ signal with a second classifier designed to distinguish between SLQ and VLQ scenarios, using the signal yield inferred from the first-stage classifier to guide the corresponding scalar and vector mass hypotheses. A test statistic is constructed from the classifier outputs and interpreted using reference probability density functions. The approach is applied to realistic LHC final states with hadronically decaying tau leptons, multiple jets, and missing transverse momentum, and its performance is assessed using simulated pseudo-experiments. We show that the proposed strategy provides a robust and statistically consistent procedure to discriminate between SLQ and VLQ signals across a wide range of masses and signal stregths. We find that the spin identification power closely follows the discovery potential, demonstrating that determining the spin nature of a newly discovered LQ does not require substantially larger datasets than those needed for discovery itself.
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All authors Ernesto Arganda, Martín de los Rios, Andres D. Perez, Rosa M. Sandá Seoane, Alejandro Szynkman

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Proposing GRENDEL: GalleRy ExperimeNt for Decays of Exotic LLPs at the LHC

Matthew Citron, Federico Redi and Ryan Schmitz

Long-lived particles are a generic prediction of Standard Model extensions that address the hierarchy problem, the origin of neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, and the nature of dark matter. Despite the breadth of theoretical motivation, neutral long-lived particles in the GeV-scale mass range remain difficult to probe at the LHC main detectors, where trigger limitations and challenging backgrounds curtail sensitivity over a wide range of lifetimes. We propose GRENDEL (GalleRy ExperimeNt for Decays of Exotic LLPs), a dedicated detector to be installed in the PX56 drainage gallery at CMS Point 5. GRENDEL will exploit the substantial rock and concrete between the detector and LHC interaction point as passive shielding in addition to employing active background rejection. Located approximately 22 m above the interaction point and running largely transverse to the beam, GRENDEL will span around 110 m and cover the central region $|\eta| < 0.6$. GRENDEL will make use of extruded scintillator bars to achieve competitive sensitivity with other proposed detectors while requiring minimal infrastructure, and without the need for civil engineering. We present the physics case, detector concept, and projected sensitivities to heavy neutral leptons, dark scalars, and axion-like particles covering the $0.2-15$ GeV mass range with 3 $\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of HL-LHC data. The benchmarks span the neutrino, scalar, and axion portals, with production through exotic Higgs decays, $B$- and $D$-meson decays, and $W/Z$ decays.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Anomaly detection for multijet scenarios

Gregor Kasieczka, Sung Hak Lim, Louis Moureaux et al. (+3 more)

Signals of physics beyond the Standard Model continue to resist discovery at the LHC. Recent years have seen the proliferation of new anomaly detection techniques, promising discovery with significantly fewer model assumptions than traditional approaches. Strategies based on weak supervision have been especially successful, but so far were largely limited in scope by their reliance on a resonance manifesting a decay into a pair of jets. In this work, we demonstrate that a well-established idea from jet substructure physics - recursive soft drop - in combination with the CATHODE technique for anomaly detection can be used to simultaneously perform anomaly detection for signals with an arbitrary number of jets in the final state, greatly increasing the scope of such searches.
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All authors Gregor Kasieczka, Sung Hak Lim, Louis Moureaux, Tore von Schwartz, David Shih, Chitrakshee Yede

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Dynamics and Frequency Conversion of Accreting Axion Clouds

Ximeng Li, Zhen Zhong, Yifan Chen et al. (+3 more)

Axion fields can form exponentially growing gravitational clouds around compact objects through self-interaction-driven relaxation of ambient axion waves. As the field amplitude approaches the axion decay constant, nonlinear effects become important. We identify two distinct regimes of late-time evolution, determined by the gravitational fine-structure constant and the cloud growth rate: a Bosenova regime, characterized by collapse accompanied by explosive axion bursts, and a saturation regime, in which self-interaction-induced axion emission balances accretion. In the latter regime, the emitted axion radiation exhibits stable discrete spectral lines at odd multiples of the bound-state energy, directly probing the global structure of the axion potential beyond its quadratic minimum. We show that single-cosine potentials and QCD axion-like potentials predict distinct emission spectra, enabling probes of the underlying axion self-interaction structure and its ultraviolet completion through terrestrial detection of relativistic axion fluxes from compact objects.
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All authors Ximeng Li, Zhen Zhong, Yifan Chen, Yue Zhao, Hidetoshi Omiya, Vitor Cardoso

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

The recasting bound atlas on pair production of vector-like quarks

Thomas Flacke and Manuel Kunkel

We present a comprehensive recasting study of pair production of vector-like quarks. We consider decays of vector-like quarks into third generation quarks and Standard Model bosons or exotic top-philic scalars. We derive recasting bounds on all 43 combinations of decay channels. Using the efficiencies of each channel, we obtain combined limits across decay channels by adding up the contributions to each signal region. A data base of recasting results along with example codes is published, allowing for application to different models without the need for rerunning recasting tools. We demonstrate the utility of the data base by setting bounds on several sample models.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Searching for Axions on a Higher Note: Third-Harmonic Generation from Colliding High-Intensity Laser Beams

Ashis Paul, Leone di Mauro Villari, Davide Tedeschi et al. (+3 more)

We propose a new laboratory strategy to generate and detect axion-like particles via third-harmonic generation induced by two non-collinear, polarised high-intensity laser beams of peak intensity of the order of $10^{24}\,\mathrm{W/cm^2}$, where the third-harmonic signal is generated by the axion field. Starting from the axion-modified Maxwell equations, we analytically derive the axion-induced third-harmonic field, and show that by using state-of-the-art petawatt laser facilities, a detectable signal can be obtained over a broad range of axion masses and couplings. A key feature of the setup is that the axion-photon conversion rate can be resonantly enhanced by tuning the angle between the two beams through a mechanism that does not depend on the physical volume of the apparatus. The proposed configuration may therefore probe an unexplored region of axion parameter space and pave the way for next-generation high-power laser-based axion searches.
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All authors Ashis Paul, Leone di Mauro Villari, Davide Tedeschi, Carino Ferrante, Luca Di Luzio, Andrea Marini

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Neutrino Electroweak Couplings and the Neutrino Fog at Belle II

Carlos Henrique de Lima, David McKeen, Afif Omar et al. (+1 more)

The mono-photon process $e^+e^- \to \gamma+\mathrm{invisible}$ at Belle II probes both invisible new states and the electroweak couplings of neutrinos. In this work, we study the process $e^+e^- \to \gamma\nu\bar{\nu}$, finding that Belle II with the full expected dataset can determine the neutrino-sensitive effective weak mixing angle to a 3.6$\%$ relative statistical precision, competitive with existing neutrino probes at other energy scales. Polarized beams, as proposed for the Chiral Belle upgrade, separate the neutral- and charged-current contributions and provide independent access to each, giving a handle on the chiral structure of the neutrino gauge interactions. The same process is an irreducible background to dark boson searches, producing a neutrino fog once the luminosity exceeds 1 ab$^{-1}$.
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All authors Carlos Henrique de Lima, David McKeen, Afif Omar, Douglas Tuckler

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Reining in an Agentic Harness for High Energy Physics

Tony Menzo, George T. Fleming, Konstantin T. Matchev et al. (+2 more)

Agentic systems now address tasks across theoretical, phenomenological, and experimental high energy physics (HEP), but their scientific capabilities remain difficult to reuse across different large language models, providers, and harnesses. We argue that stable parts of these workflows should be promoted into versioned scientific operations and exposed through common protocols. Existing general-purpose harnesses can then be specialized for HEP through task-specific sets of tools and skills, while community-maintained registries would make these capabilities discoverable and citable. We identify mismatches in conventions, assumptions, and domains of validity among independently developed operations as a potential obstacle to their composition, and discuss machine-readable scientific contracts as one possible solution. These design principles and evaluation guidelines provide a near-term path toward a portable and community-maintained agentic harness for HEP.
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All authors Tony Menzo, George T. Fleming, Konstantin T. Matchev, Stephen Mrenna, Alexander Roman

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.ins-det

Development and characterization of a wingless ICPC HPGe detector with thin amorphous-Ge contacts

S. A. Panamaldeniya, K. M. Dong and D. M. Mei

High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors with thin amorphous-germanium (a-Ge) contacts can provide bipolar charge blocking and surface passivation while minimizing contact-related inactive thickness. We report the fabrication and characterization of a p-type inverted coaxial point-contact (ICPC) HPGe detector using thin a-Ge contacts in a wingless geometry that avoids the protective wing structure used in our previous prototype. The detector was fabricated from a USD-grown, zone-refined HPGe crystal and has a mass of 20.0~g. At 77~K, it exhibited picoampere-scale leakage current and an operational depletion voltage of approximately 440~V. Gamma-ray spectroscopy yielded energy resolutions of 1.75~keV FWHM at 59.5~keV and 3.19~keV FWHM at 662~keV. The calibrated charge-injection method gave an absolute capacitance of 0.496~pF, with an estimated method-level relative uncertainty of 6–8%, consistent with the 0.488~pF value obtained from electrostatic modeling with SolidStateDetectors.jl. With a $^{241}$Am source positioned inside the detector bore, the detector showed a source-correlated excess current and a broad degraded-alpha continuum centered near 3558~keV, demonstrating sensitivity to near-surface interactions. Because the source encapsulation, intervening materials, and near-surface charge-collection response were not independently characterized, the continuum is not used to infer a unique dead-layer thickness or energy-loss mechanism. The principal result is successful fabrication and stable sub-pF operation of a 20-g wingless thin-contact ICPC prototype.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-lat

First-principles determination of anomaly-induced pion decay beyond the chiral limit

Tian Lin, Xu Feng, Lu-Chang Jin et al. (+2 more)

The two-photon decay of the neutral pion is fixed in the chiral limit by the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly, while nonzero quark masses induce few-percent corrections that must be determined for precision tests of QCD beyond the chiral limit. Using the anomalous PCAC relation, we compute them in lattice QCD as deviations from the exact anomaly condition at $q^2=0$, thereby avoiding both four-point functions and the cancellation of chiral logarithms that limits conventional approaches. Because the correction is proportional to the light-quark masses, both statistical and systematic uncertainties are correspondingly suppressed, making a precision calculation feasible. On two nearly-physical domain-wall ensembles we achieve $\sim1\%$ statistical precision each for the decay width, obtaining $\Gamma(\pi^0\to\gamma\gamma)=8.09(22) eV$ after continuum extrapolation. The $2.3(1.4)\%$ mass correction to the decay amplitude, positive and isospin-breaking dominated, provides the first ab initio confirmation of the $\pi^0$-$\eta$-$\eta'$ mixing enhancement.
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All authors Tian Lin, Xu Feng, Lu-Chang Jin, Chuan Liu, Qi-Yuan Luo

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

First measurement of the ratio of $\psi(2S)$-to-$J/\psi$ inclusive production in $p\mathrm{Ar}$ and $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} =113\,\mathrm{GeV}$ with SMOG2

LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb et al. (+1188 more)

A measurement of the $\psi(2S)$-to-$J/\psi$ production cross-section ratio is performed in proton-argon ($p\mathrm{Ar}$) and proton-proton ($pp$) collisions in fixed-target mode at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=113\,\mathrm{GeV}$. Data samples were collected by the LHCb experiment during argon and hydrogen gas injections in the SMOG2 storage cell, resulting in $p\mathrm{Ar}$ and $pp$ collisions, respectively. The $\psi(2S)$-to-$J/\psi$ production cross-section ratio is measured as a function of the charmonium transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, and rapidity in the centre-of-mass system, $y^{*}$. The $\psi(2S)$-to-$J/\psi$ ratio in $p\mathrm{Ar}$ collisions over that in $pp$ collisions is measured to be $0.90 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.02$ for $-2.3<y^{*}<0.0$ and $0<p_{\mathrm{T}}<8\mathrm{GeV}/c$, indicating the emergence of nuclear effects in the $p\mathrm{Ar}$ system. This study acts as a baseline for the interpretation of future measurements with larger systems accessible by the LHCb experiment.
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All authors LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A.A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, S. Akar, K. Akiba, H. Al Saleh, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, R. Aleksiejunas, F. Alessio, P. Alvarez Cartelle, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, Z. Amos, L. An, L. Anderlini, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, S. Andres Estrada, A. Anelli, D. Ao, C. Arata, F. Archilli, Z. Areg, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, L. Arnone, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, R. Ataíde Da Silva, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, J.A. Authier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J.J. Back, M. Bai, Z.B. Bai, V. Balagura, A. Balboni, W. Baldini, Z. Baldwin, L. Balzani, H. Bao, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, C. Barbero Pretel, M. Barbetti, I.R. Barbosa, W. Barker, R.J. Barlow, M. Barnyakov, S. Baron, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, J. Bartz, S. Bashir, B. Batsukh, P.B. Battista, A. Bavarchee, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. Becker, F. Bedeschi, I.B. Bediaga, N.A. Behling, S. Belin, A. Bellavista, I. Belyaev, G. Bencivenni, E. Ben-Haim, J.L.M. Berkey, R. Bernet, A. Bertolin, L. Bertsch, F. Betti, J. Bex, O. Bezshyyko, S. Bhattacharya, M.S. Bieker, N.V. Biesuz, A. Biolchini, M. Birch, F.C.R. Bishop, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J.E. Blank, S. Blusk, J.A. Boelhauve, O. Boente Garcia, T. Boettcher, A. Bohare, C. Bolognani, R.B. Bonacci, A. Bordelius, F. Borgato, S. Borghi, M. Borsato, J.T. Borsuk, E. Bottalico, S.A. Bouchiba, M. Bovill, T.J.V. Bowcock, A. Boyer, C. Bozzi, J.D. Brandenburg, A. Brea Rodriguez, N. Breer, C. Breitfeld, J. Brodzicka, J. Brown, E. Buchanan, M. Burgos Marcos, C. Burr, E. Butera, C. Buti, J.S. Butter, J. Buytaert, W. Byczynski, S. Cadeddu, H. Cai, Y. Cai, Y. Cai, A. Caillet, R. Calabrese, L. Calefice, M. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, P. Camargo Magalhaes, J.I. Cambon Bouzas, P. Campana, A. Campomagnani, A.C. Campos, A.F. Campoverde Quezada, Y. Cao, S. Capelli, M. Caporale, L. Capriotti, R. Caravaca-Mora, A. Carbone, L. Carcedo Salgado, R. Cardinale, A. Cardini, P. Carniti, L. Carus, R. Caspary, G. Casse, M. Cattaneo, G. Cavallero, V. Cavallini, S. Celani, I. Celestino, S. Cesare, A.J. Chadwick, M. Charles, Ph. Charpentier, E. Chatzianagnostou, R. Cheaib, M. Chefdeville, C. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Chen, A. Chen Hu, M. Cherif, S. Chernyshenko, X. Chiotopoulos, G. Chizhik, V. Chobanova, A. Christakakis, M. Chrzaszcz, Y. Chu, V. Chulikov, P. Ciambrone, X. Cid Vidal, P. Cifra, P.E.L. Clarke, M. Clemencic, H.V. Cliff, J. Closier, C. Cocha Toapaxi, V. Coco, A. Codovini, C. Codovini, J. Cogan, E. Cogneras, L. Cojocariu, S. Collaviti, P. Collins, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, A. Comerma-Montells, L. Congedo, J. Connaughton, A. Contu, N. Cooke, A. Corallo, G. Cordova, C. Coronel, I. Corredoira, A. Correia, G. Corti, G.C. Costantino, C. Cotirlan, J. Cottee Meldrum, B. Couturier, D.C. Craik, N. Crepet, M. Cruz Torres, M. Cubero Campos, E. Curras Rivera, R. Currie, C.L. Da Silva, X. Dai, J. Dalseno, C. D'Ambrosio, G. Darze, A. Davidson, O. De Aguiar Francisco, C. De Angelis, F. De Benedetti, J. de Boer, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, F. De Gregorio, E. De Lucia, J.M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, A. De Robertis, E. De Santis, M. De Serio, P. De Simone, F. De Vellis, J.A. de Vries, F. Debernardis, D. Decamp, S. Dekkers, L. Del Buono, B. Delaney, B. Demaire-Lepape, J. Deng, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, B. Dey, P. Di Nezza, S. Ding, Y. Ding, L. Dittmann, J.F. Diverchy, A.D. Docheva, A. Doheny, C. Dong, F. Dordei, J. Dorta Moreno, A.C. dos Reis, J. Dos Santos Oliveira, A.D. Dowling, L. Dreyfus, W. Duan, P. Duda, L. Dufour, V. Duk, P. Durante, M.M. Duras, J.M. Durham, O.D. Durmus, K. Duwe, A. Dziurda, S. Easo, E. Eckstein, U. Egede, S. Eisenhardt, E. Ejopu, L. Eklund, M. Elashri, D. Elizondo Blanco, J. Ellbracht, S. Ely, A. Ene, T. Evans, F. Fabiano, S. Faghih, L.N. Falcao, B. Fang, R. Fantechi, L. Fantini, M. Faria, K. Farmer, F. Fassin, D. Fazzini, L. Felkowski, C. Feng, M. Feng, A. Fernandez Casani, M. Fernandez Gomez, B. Fernandez Rodino, J. Fernandez-John, A.D. Fernez, F. Ferrari, F. Ferreira Rodrigues, R.A. Fini, R. Fiorenza, M. Fiorini, M. Firlej, D.S. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzpatrick, T. Fiutowski, F. Fleuret, A. Fomin, M. Fontana, M. Fontes Vaz, L.A. Foreman, R. Forty, D. Foulds-Holt, V. Franco Lima, M. Franco Sevilla, M. Frank, E. Franzoso, G. Frau, C. Frei, D.A. Friday, J. Fu, Y. Fu, Q. Führing, T. Fulghesu, G. Galati, M.D. Galati, A. Gallas Torreira, D. Galli, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, P. Gandini, B. Ganie, H. Gao, R. Gao, T.Q. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, L.M. Garcia Martin, P. Garcia Moreno, J. García Pardiñas, P. Gardner, L. Garrido, C. Gaspar, A. Gavrikov, J. George, E. Gersabeck, M. Gersabeck, T. Gershon, S. Ghizzo, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, F.I. Giasemis, V. Gibson, H.K. Giemza, A.L. Gilman, M. Giovannetti, A. Gioventù, L. Girardey, M.A. Giza, F.C. Glaser, V.V. Gligorov, C. Göbel, L. 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Jacevicius, H. Jage, S.J. Jaimes Elles, S. Jakobsen, T. Jakoubek, E. Jans, A. Jawahery, C. Jayaweera, A. Jelavic, V. Jevtic, Z. Jia, E. Jiang, X. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Y.J. Jiang, E. Jimenez Moya, N. Jindal, M. John, A. John Rubesh Rajan, D. Johnson, C.R. Jones, S. Joshi, B. Jost, J. Juan Castella, N. Jurik, I. Juszczak, K. Kalecinska, D. Kaminaris, S. Kandybei, M. Kane, Y. Kang, C. Kar, M. Karacson, A. Kauniskangas, J.W. Kautz, M.K. Kazanecki, F. Keizer, M. Kenzie, T. Ketel, B. Khanji, S. Kholodenko, V. Kholoimov, G. Khreich, F. Kiraz, T. Kirn, V.S. Kirsebom, N. Kleijne, A. Kleimenova, D. Klekots, K. Klimaszewski, M.R. Kmiec, T. Knospe, R. Kolb, S. Koliiev, L. Kolk, A. Konoplyannikov, P. Kopciewicz, P. Koppenburg, A. Korchin, I. Kostiuk, O. Kot, S. Kotriakhova, E. Kowalczyk, O. Kravcov, M. Kreps, W. Krupa, W. Krzemien, O. Kshyvanskyi, S. Kubis, M. Kucharczyk, A. Kupsc, A. Kurzina, V. Kushnir, B. Kutsenko, J. Kvapil, I. Kyryllin, D. Lacarrere, P. Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, A. Lampis, D. Lancierini, C. Landesa Gomez, G. Lanfranchi, C. Langenbruch, T. Latham, F. Lazzari, C. Lazzeroni, R. Le Gac, H. Lee, R. Lefèvre, M. Lehuraux, E. Lemos Cid, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, E.D. Lesser, B. Leverington, A. Li, C. Li, C. Li, H. Li, J. Li, K. Li, L. Li, L. Li, P. Li, P.-R. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, T. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, Z. Lian, Q. Liang, X. Liang, Z. Liang, S. Libralon, A. Lightbody, J. Lin, S. Lin, T. Lin, R. Lindner, H. Linton, R. Litvinov, D. Liu, F.L. Liu, G. Liu, K. Liu, S. Liu, W. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.L. Liu, G. Loachamin Ordonez, I. Lobo, A. Lobo Salvia, A. Loi, T. Long, F.C.L. Lopes, J.H. Lopes, A. Lopez Huertas, C. Lopez Iribarnegaray, Q. Lu, C. Lucarelli, D. Lucchesi, M. Lucio Martinez, Y. Luo, A. Lupato, M. Lupberger, E. Luppi, K. Lynch, J. Lyu, S. Lyu, X.-R. Lyu, H. Ma, S. Maccolini, F. Machefert, F. Maciuc, B. Mack, I. Mackay, L.M. Mackey, L.R. Madhan Mohan, M.J. Madurai, D. Magdalinski, J.J. Malczewski, S. Malde, L. Malentacca, G. Manca, C. 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Zheng, X.Z. Zheng, Y. Zheng, T. Zhou, X. Zhou, V. Zhovkovska, L.Z. Zhu, X. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zhu, V. Zhukov, J. Zhuo, T. Zies, D. Zuliani, X. Zuo

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Polarized jet anisotropy at the Electron-Ion Collider

Zhong-Bo Kang, Hongxi Xing, Fanyi Zhao et al. (+1 more)

Jets provide a powerful probe of the three-dimensional spin structure of the nucleon, a central goal of the Electron-Ion Collider. Yet the observed jet defines an axis that breaks the azimuthal isotropy of soft-gluon radiation, thereby reshaping the very asymmetries used to extract that structure. Using transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) QCD factorization, we show for the first time that this jet-induced anisotropy imposes a parity selection rule on polarized asymmetries. Expanding the transversely polarized structure functions in harmonics $\cos(n\phi_{qJ})$, where $\phi_{qJ}$ is the angle between the jet and the lepton-jet momentum imbalance, makes this rule explicit: the symmetry of each harmonic is fixed by the parity of $n$, independently of the magnitudes of the harmonic coefficients. For the Sivers function, the canonical left-right asymmetry about the proton spin survives for even $n$ but is replaced by a counterintuitive left-right symmetry for odd $n$. The worm-gear function retains its up-down asymmetry at every harmonic while being left-right symmetric for even $n$ and asymmetric for odd $n$. At EIC kinematics, the higher harmonics studied here are predicted to be individually measurable, providing new observables for the azimuthal dynamics of soft radiation and an essential ingredient in precision extractions of nucleon structure.
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All authors Zhong-Bo Kang, Hongxi Xing, Fanyi Zhao, Yiyu Zhou

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Search for proton decay into a single charged antilepton and a massless invisible particle using the full pure water data set of Super-Kamiokande

Super-Kamiokande Collaboration: Y. M. Liu, K. Terada, K. Abe et al. (+245 more)

A search for proton decay via $p\rightarrow l^{+}+X$, where $l^{+}$ is a positively charged lepton and $X$ is an invisible, massless, neutral particle, was performed using a 401~kton$\cdot$years exposure representing the entire pure water phase of Super-Kamiokande. No significant indication of a proton decay was observed beyond the expected atmospheric neutrino background. Lower limits on the partial lifetime of the proton were set to at $1.72\times10^{33}$ years for $p\rightarrow e^{+}+X$ and $0.61\times10^{33}$ years for $p\rightarrow \mu^{+}+X$ at the $90\%$ confidence level. These results improve on previous limits by factors of 2 and 1.5, respectively.
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All authors Super-Kamiokande Collaboration: Y. M. Liu, K. Terada, K. Abe, Y. Asaoka, M. Harada, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, T. H. Hung, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, S. Mine, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, Y. Noguchi, G. Pronost, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, R. Shinoda, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, H. Tanaka, S. Chen, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, R. Nishijima, K. Okumura, T. Tashiro, T. Tomiya, X. Wang, F. J. de Garay Arcones, P. Fernandez, L. Labarga, D. Samudio, C. Yanagisawa, B. Jargowsky, E. Kearns, J. Mirabito, L. Wan, T. Wester, B. W. Pointon, J. Bian, B. Cortez, N. J. Griskevich, Y. Jiang, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, J. Hill, B. D. Xu, D. Jung, D. H. Moon, R. G. Park, B. S. Yang, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, O. Drapier, A. Ershova, M. Ferey, Z. Hu, E.~Le Blévec, T. Leplumey, Th. A. Mueller, P. Paganini, C. Quach, R. Rogly, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, R. P. Litchfield, L. N. Machado, F. J. P. Soler, J. G. Learned, K. Choi, S. Cao, T. V. Ngoc, L. H. V. Anthony, N. W. Prouse, M. Scott, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M. G. Catanesi, N. Ospina, E. Radicioni, A. Langella, G. De Rosa, G. T. Burton, G. Collazuol, M. Feltre, M. Mattiazzi, L. Ludovici, M. Gonin, L. Périssé, B. Quilain, M. Fukazawa, S. Horiuchi, A. Kawabata, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, A. Oka, H. Tanigawa, R. Akutsu, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, Y. Hino, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, Y. Oyama, A. Portocarrero Yrey, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, N. Bhuiyan, F. Di Lodovico, T. Katori, R. Kralik, N. Latham, R. M. Ramsden, V. Siccardi, S. Aoyama, H. Bambara, Y. Inaba, H. Ito, M. Nishigami, T. Sone, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Wada, H. Zhong, J. Feng, L. Feng, N. Fujimoto, S. Han, J. Hikida, M. Kawaue, T. Kikawa, F. Nakanishi, T. Nakaya, R. A. Wendell, S. J. Jenkins, N. McCauley, M. Fanì, M. J. Wilking, Z. Xie, Y. Fukuda, H. Menjo, Y. Yoshioka, J. Lagoda, J. Zalipska, T. Yano, M. Mori, J. Jiang, Y. Asano, K. Hamaguchi, H. Ishino, Y. Koshio, S. Ohshita, T. Tada, T. Ishizuka, G. Barr, D. Barrow, D. Wark, A. Holin, F. Nova, M. Jo, S. Jung, J. Yoo, L. Kneale, T. Peacock, P. Stowell, H. Okazawa, S. M. Lakshmi, S. Hong, E. Kwon, M. W. Lee, J. W. Seo, I. Yu, Y. Ashida, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Kobayashi, K. D. Nakamura, S. Abe, W. Cai, Y. Endo, S. Goto, S. Kodama, Y. Kong, H. Hayasaki, Y. Masaki, Y. Mizuno, T. Muro, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakajima, M. Sekiyama, N. Taniuchi, T. Yamazumi, M. Yokoyama, P. de Perio, S. Fujita, C. Jesús-Valls, K. Martens, Ll. Marti, A. D. Santos, K. M. Tsui, M. R. Vagins, S. Izumiyama, M. Kuze, R. Matsumoto, C. Ise, M. Ishitsuka, M. Sugo, M. Wako, K. Yamauchi, Y. Nakano, A. Yankelevich, F. Cormier, R. Gaur, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, X. Li, B. R. Smithers, S. Chen, Y. Wu, A. Q. Zhang, B. Zhang, H. Adhikary, M. Girgus, P. Govindaraj, M. Posiadala-Zezula, Y. S. Prabhu, S. B. Boyd, R. Edwards, D. Hadley, M. O'Flaherty, B. Richards, A. Ali, B. Jamieson, C. Bronner, D. Horiguchi, A. Minamino, Y. Sasaki

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

ConCA: Concentration-Aware Channel Attention for Fine-Grained Visual Recognition

Yu-Sheng Liu and Yu-Chen Tung

Lightweight channel attention mechanisms are widely used in image classification, yet their effectiveness in fine-grained visual recognition (FGVR) remains limited. Most modules summarize each channel by global average pooling (GAP), which captures activation magnitude but ignores spatial concentration, so channels with different spatial distributions but identical means receive the same descriptor. We propose Concentration-Aware Channel Attention (ConCA), which pairs the mean with a shift-invariant negative-input entropy (NegEnt), computed via a softmax over the negated activations, forming a dual descriptor that jointly encodes magnitude and concentration. A depthwise 1-D convolutional multi-layer perceptron (MLP), whose parameter count is linear in the number of channels, maps the pair to a per-channel weight. On six fine-grained benchmarks, ConCA improves over attention-free, SE-Net, and ECA-Net baselines as well as four richer descriptor-based modules under a controlled from-scratch protocol, and it generalizes across eight backbones on iNat2021-mini. These results indicate that the channel descriptor, together with the per-channel gating that maps it to attention weights, is an important but underexplored aspect of lightweight channel attention in FGVR.
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Sunday 30 August

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

The inclusive $\bar B \to X_s \gamma$ decay rate with higher precision

M. Misiak, H. M. Asatrian, K. Brune et al. (+11 more)

We present a new and upgraded analysis of the inclusive weak radiative decay of the $B$ meson in the standard model and beyond. The ${\mathcal O}(\alpha_s)$ perturbative corrections are included in a formally complete manner. At the order $\alpha_s^2$, exact dependence on the charm quark mass is calculated for the dominant corrections, which removes a sizeable uncertainty that was present in all the previous analyses. The global normalization factor and many of the non-perturbative contributions are expressed in terms of the kinetic-scheme mass of the $b$-quark and the heavy-quark-expansion matrix elements. These parameters are adopted from the most recent semileptonic fits that include ${\mathcal O}(\alpha_s^3)$ corrections and up-to-date experimental results. We find ${\mathcal B}_{s\gamma}^{\rm SM} = (3.54 \pm 0.14)\times 10^{-4}$ for the CP- and isospin-averaged branching ratio of the considered decay in the standard model, with a lower cut on the photon energy $E_\gamma > 1.6\,{\rm GeV}$. It agrees with the current experimental average ${\mathcal B}_{s\gamma}^{\rm exp} = (3.49 \pm 0.19)\times 10^{-4}$, which provides constraints on beyond standard model physics. In particular, we find $M_{H^\pm} > 670\,{\rm GeV}$ at $95\%\,{\rm C.L.}$ for the charged Higgs boson mass in the two-Higgs-doublet model~II.
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All authors M. Misiak, H. M. Asatrian, K. Brune, M. Czaja, M. Czakon, M. Fael, C. Greub, T. Huber, F. Lange, L. T. Moos, M. Niggetiedt, A. Rehman, K. Schönwald, M. Steinhauser

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Searching for Extra Dimensions and Copies of the Standard Model with IceCube

R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams et al. (+418 more)

The hierarchy problem remains an open question in particle physics. A number of theories that address this problem lower the fundamental scale of gravity, resulting in observable consequences in the neutrino sector. In this work, we place constraints on low-scale gravity scenarios using high-energy neutrinos observed with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The analysis is based on 10.7 years of upward-going muon neutrino data in the energy range from 0.5 to 100 TeV. In this energy range, the theories predict characteristic spectral distortions arising from matter effects when neutrinos propagate through Earth. In the context of large extra dimension models, we constrain the compactification radius of the largest extra dimension to $R \lesssim 0.17\,\mu\mathrm{m}$ at $90\%$ confidence level for both normal and inverted neutrino mass ordering. For scenarios with multiple Standard Model copies, we obtain lower limits of up to $N \gtrsim \mathcal{O}(400)$, depending on the value of the lightest neutrino mass. In parts of the parameter space, these results constitute the strongest constraints in the literature to our knowledge, while in other regions they probe previously unexplored parameter space.
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All authors R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J.M. Alameddine, S. Ali, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, S. Athanasiadou, S. N. Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., S. W. Barwick, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, P. Behrens, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benkel, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, N. Chau, Y. C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, A. Chubarov, B. A. Clark, D. A. Coloma Borja, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, T. Delmeulle, S. Deng, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. DiKerby, T. Ding, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, L. Dueser, D. Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, C. Eldridge, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, W. Esmail, S. Eulig, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. Fattorini, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Fürst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, M. Garcia, E. Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, A. Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K. M. Groth, D. Guevel, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Ha, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, L. Hamacher, M. Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, J. Häußler, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, B. Henke, L. Hennig, F. Henningsen, L. Heuermann, R. Hewett, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, R. Hmaid, K. D. Hoffman, A. Hollnagel, D. Hooper, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, M. Hostert, W. Hou, M. Hrywniak, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, S. Jain, O. Janik, M. Jansson, M. Jin, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, L. Kardum, T. Karg, A. Karle, A. Katil, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, M. Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, T. Kim, H. Kimku, F. Kirchner, J. Kiryluk, C. Klein, S. R. Klein, Y. Kobayashi, S. Koch, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, A. Kravka, N. Krieger, T. Krishnan, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, C. Lagunas Gualda, L. Lallement Arnaud, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, C. Li, J. Liao, C. Lin, Q. R. Liu, Y. T. Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, M. Macdonald, E. Magnus, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, A. Mand, I. C. Mariş, S. Marka, Z. Marka, L. Marten, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, J. Mauro, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Mitchell, L. Molchany, S. Mondal, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, A. Mosbrugger, D. Mousadi, E. Moyaux, T. Mukherjee, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, R. Neshat, L. Neste, M. Neumann, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke, V. O'Dell, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O'Sullivan, B. Owens, V. Palusova, H. Pandya, A. Parenti, C. Parisel, N. Park, V. Parrish, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Pernice, T. C. Petersen, J. Peterson, S. Pick, M. Plum, A. Pontén, V. Poojyam, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, L. Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, M. Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, I. Reistroffer, E. Resconi, C. D. Rho, W. Rhode, L. Ricca, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Rodan, M. Rongen, A. Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, G. Sanger-Johnson, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, M. Scarnera, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, F. Schmitt, A. Scholz, F. G. Schröder, S. Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, L. Seen, M. Seikh, S. Seunarine, P. A. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shah, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Shin, B. Skrzypek, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, D. Song, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, A. Thakuri, M. Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, W. Tian, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, J. A. Torres, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, K. Upshaw, J. A. Urruty, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Valverde, J. Vandenbroucke, T. Van Eeden, N. van Eijndhoven, L. Van Rootselaar, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, M. Velazquez, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, A. Vijai, J. Villarreal, C. Walck, A. Wang, E. H. S. Warrick, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Y. Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Witthaus, J. Woodward, G. Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, Y. Yao, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, F. Yu, S. Yu, T. Yuan, S. Yun-Cárcamo, A. Zander Jurowitzki, A. Zegarelli, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, C. Zilleruelo Cañas