Papers

We present the comparative experimental analysis of frequency dependencies of linear (Lamé) and nonlinear (Murnaghan) elastic moduli of polystyrene, PMMA and polycarbonate. The measurement methodology, based on the acousto-elastic effect, provided data on variations of these moduli in block samples of the polymers in the frequency range of 0.45-3 MHz. In all the three polymers the linear Lamé moduli demonstrated moderate rise with frequency, most pronounced rise was observed in modulus $\lambda$ of PMMA in about 35%. The frequency dependencies of Murnaghan moduli were considerably nonlinear. At higher frequencies above ~1 MHz no significant variations of the Murnaghan moduli occurred, while at lower frequencies the absolute values of the moduli $l$ and $m$ demonstrated rapid rise, more pronounced for the modulus $l$. At the same time the absolute values of the modulus $n$ decreased and demonstrated a tendency to become positive at lower frequencies. Both linear and nonlinear moduli of PMMA had higher values than those of PC and PS, with the latter two demonstrating close values of both types of moduli. The potential origins of the differences in nonlinear elastic properties of the three polymers are discussed.

Profound finite size effects are observed in both the moment and ordering temperature in thin Co$_{70}$Zr$_{30}$ layers. The results are consistent with the presence of interface regions with reduced magnetic interactions and moment. The extension of this region is determined to be around 1 nm thick at each interface. Above and near the apparent critical temperature, the magnetic properties can be understood in terms of Griffith phases.

We investigate scissors modes in nonlinear systems with arbitrary power-law dependence of the nonlinear term. Through analytical derivation, we establish a general expression demonstrating that, in the Thomas-Fermi regime, the frequency of the scissors mode is independent of the specific form of the nonlinearity. We conclude that the scissors mode is a shear mode that does not probe the compressibility of the system, which depends on nonlinearity. To validate our findings, we perform numerical simulations of experimentally relevant Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) systems. Our results illustrate the transition of the scissors mode frequency from the non-interacting to the strongly interacting (Thomas-Fermi) regime. Finally, we demonstrate that the scissors mode frequency remains clearly identifiable even under strong quenches, which should facilitate the experimental observation of our findings.

We numerically study topological effects of electromagnetic (EM) waves in a two-dimensional (2D) non-Hermitian photonic crystal (PhC) composed of lossy magneto-optical materials. In this system, not only the EM wavefunctions but also the complex eigenfrequencies exhibit nontrivial topological properties. We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian skin effect, protected by point gaps in the complex eigenfrequency spectrum, emerges at both the edges and corners of truncated structures. This phenomenon has no counterpart in Hermitian systems. In addition, we identify non-Hermitian topological edge states originating from the nontrivial topology of the bulk bands. While most previous studies of non-Hermitian topology have focused on tight-binding models, our work addresses a continuous photonic system, providing a more realistic platform and offering a concrete route toward experimental realization of non-Hermitian effects.

We study how conservation laws shape the spreading of quantum coherence in many-body dynamics. Focusing on $U(1)$-symmetric random circuits, charge-and-dipole conserving circuits, as well as ergodic Hamiltonian dynamics, we probe coherences both globally, via the participation entropy, and locally, via the relative entropy of coherence. Combining exact vector evolution, matrix product state simulations, and replica tensor networks methods, we find that conservation laws replace the logarithmic saturation of unconstrained circuits with slow hydrodynamic relaxation of the global coherence measures. Locally, symmetry-constrained circuits show a clean rise-peak-fall structure whose peak time grows algebraically with subsystem size. In contrast, ergodic Hamiltonians broaden the peak into an extended plateau at larger subsystems, highlighting a qualitatively distinct mechanism. Coherence thus emerges as a sensitive probe of symmetry-constrained thermalization, linking quantum resource dynamics to many-body transport.

Recently, it was predicted that nonreciprocal magneto-electric effect in antiferromagnetic multilayered metamaterials occurs in two distinct versions. One is the conventional axion response, while another one is dual axion response captured by electrodynamics with magnetic charge. Here we investigate a model condensed matter system of spins coupled through antiferromagnetic exchange interaction and derive its effective electromagnetic properties. We predict that this system gives rise to the emergent dual axion field, support our conclusion by numerical simulations and put forward candidate materials.

High temperature superconductivity in cuprate superconductors is generally considered to be generated from doping the Mott insulators. The fundamental nature of the doped parent compounds as well as the microscopic origin of electron pairing remain critical issues in understanding the emergence of superconductivity. Here, using high-resolution spatially-resolved laser angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the intrinsic electronic structures of the CuO$_2$ planes in multilayer cuprates Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_{n-1}$Cu$_n$O$_{2n+4+\delta}$ (n=5$\sim$8). The inner CuO$_2$ planes are well shielded from the disorders and provide a rare and ideal platform to probe the intrinsic electronic phase diagram. We observe well-defined Fermi pockets with hole doping levels as low as 0.007, demonstrating an abrupt transition from the parent Mott insulator to a metallic state upon the introduction of an infinitesimal amount of doping. The innermost CuO$_2$ planes (IP$_0$) display gapless Fermi pockets, while the second innermost planes (IP$_1$) exhibit anisotropic superconducting gaps up to $\sim$33$\,$meV, indicative of robust electron pairing coexisting with strong antiferromagnetic order. Our findings provide a revised framework for understanding the doping-driven transitions and pairing mechanisms in cuprate superconductors.

We study the statistics of rewired random regular graphs (RRGs) in a mixed ensemble, where the average number of triangles is controlled by the fugacity $\lambda$, while the number of vertices and the vertex degree are fixed. This model exhibits a phase transition at critical fugacity $\lambda_{cr}$ from a triangle-poor phase (TPP), in which the number of triangles is independent of the system size, to a triangle-rich phase (TRP), in which the number of triangles scales linearly with the system size. We estimate $\lambda_{cr}$ by comparing the entropy of TPP with the energy of TRP. Above $\lambda_{cr}$, the RRG becomes a two-phase system in which dense clusters are connected by a sparse scale-free sub-network characterized by a degree distribution, $P(d) \sim d^{-\gamma}$, with $\gamma \approx 2$, independent of the size of the whole graph and its degree. We attribute this behavior to an "emergent preferential attachment" induced by triangle motifs, describe the mechanism underlying its formation, and derive the exponent $\gamma$ within a mean-field approach. We show that most inter-cluster triangles are isosceles, with the base lying inside one cluster and the apex belonging to the inter-cluster network. Finally, we speculate on a possible connection between these triangles and Efimov states in a conformally invariant potential.

This paper considers an $N$-site spin-1/2 $J_1$-$J_2$ ring with $N=6$ and $8$. With the help of a set of exact few-magnon Bloch states, we obtain the block-diagonalized Hamiltonian consisting of block matrices of at most four dimensions. Partial of the eigenstates are analytically solved. For the six-site anisotropic ring, we reveal a subset of eigenstates that are simultaneous eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and the total angular momentum operator, even though the latter is not conserved. For both the six- and eight-site isotropic rings, we achieve momentum-space manifestations of several important states, including the famous Majumdar-Ghosh (MG) ground states and the Hamada-Kane-Nakagawa-Natsume (HKNN) ground state. The equivalence of these states with their real-space counterparts is explicitly shown for $N=6$. The structure of the HKNN ground state for small rings suggests that for any even number $N$ this state might behave like a “bound state" with $N/2$ successive down spins binding together.

Plastic deformation in metallic alloys is primarily governed by the motion of dislocations, which are atomic scale line defects that move through the crystal lattice under an applied stress. Superalloys containing fine oxide particles withstand extreme temperatures for prolonged durations by resisting dislocation motion. This thermally controlled mechanism conventionally involves dislocations first climbing over the particle and slowly detaching from it, a process that typically occurs on the order of seconds. However, these mechanisms drastically change when dislocation velocities increase, potentially exceeding half the shear wave speed of the material. At such extreme speeds, dislocations can interact with lattice vibrations, leading to pronounced phonon interactions. We leverage a pulsed laser to drive rigid microspheres at controlled velocities towards superalloy substrates containing a dense oxide dispersion. Synchronized high speed imaging allows precise mapping of deformation events, allowing high throughput decoupling and modeling of plasticity contributions. We find that the oxide network produces a dual and counterintuitive effect. Our modeling framework indicates that rapidly moving dislocations bypass oxide particles by bowing rather than climbing, thereby suppressing departure side dislocation relaxation. At the same time, the dense oxide network confines fast moving dislocations within the critical interparticle distance, thereby reducing their interaction with phonons. These findings shed light on new plasticity mechanisms in oxide particle containing superalloys when line defects accelerate and dissipate energy on picosecond timescales.

Trotterization is a technique that allows one to approximate a time evolution of a Hamiltonian by repeatedly evolving the individual terms of the Hamiltonian one-at-a-time for small time durations. Bounds on the error of this approximation exist; however, they are typically loose and moreover, it is known that the true error can be greatly influenced by the order in which the terms of the Hamiltonian are evolved. In this work, we consider various ordering strategies that exploit the commutation structure of the Hamiltonian, in addition to a few other baseline ordering strategies. These commutation-based strategies involve dividing the terms of the Hamiltonian into groups where all the terms within each group commute with one another. These groupings can be obtained by using graph coloring techniques on what we call the "commutation graph" of the Hamiltonian. We prove various results regarding the structure and properties of such commutation graphs for certain classes of Hamiltonians. We also empirically calculate the (true) Trotter error using these ordering strategies on various 1D and 2D Heisenberg-style systems.

Scanning SQUID imaging of CaSb$_2$ reveals dense vortex clusters with enhanced boundary susceptibility and suppressed internal vortex motion, which features inconsistent with both isolated vortex and flux tube behaviors. These measurements provide the first local visualization of magnetic dynamics within vortex clusters in a weakly pinned superconductor, offering a new route to probe non-monotonic vortex-vortex interactions that are typically expected in single-band type-II/1 or multiband type-1.5 superconductors. Although the superfluid density follows a single-gap BCS model and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter of CaSb$_2$ lies slightly outside the type-II/1 regime, vortex clustering and spatially inhomogeneous dynamics are clearly observed, indicating physics beyond existing microscopic theories for single-band superconductors.

Phonons can carry angular momentum and exhibit chirality through the circular polarization of atomic motion. This enables a phonon-mediated spin Seebeck effect (SSE) via the conversion of phonon angular momentum into electron spin angular momentum. In this Letter, we develop a theoretical framework for calculating the spin current in a normal-metal–chiral-insulator (NM–CI) heterostructure within the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We discuss the influence of (i) the thermal bias across the NM–CI interface, (ii) the chemical potential of the NM, and (iii) the modification of the interfacial on-site potential on the spin transport properties. We identify two characteristic nonlinear spin-transport phenomena: negative differential SSE and spin-current rectification. The negative differential SSE arises from the competition between the thermal bias and the density of thermally excited electrons. Spin-current rectification suggests the possibility of realizing a thermally controlled spin diode. We also find that the spin-transport behavior is closely associated with an effective interfacial spectral density. This work suggests a novel route toward thermally controlled spintronic devices using chiral phonons.

We propose a symmetry-based framework for constructing effective harmonic phonon models using a symmetry-adapted multipole basis. By decomposing the force-constant matrix into bond-centered electric multipoles, we identify the minimal microscopic ingredients responsible for phonon angular-momentum splitting. Applying this framework to a minimal zigzag-chain model, we show that ferroaxial order gives rise to a hidden sublattice-resolved chiral phonons, while an additional polar contribution leads to finite global chirality. Our results provide a unified symmetry-based description of hidden and emergent phonon phenomena and suggest a route to control phonon properties via electronic orderings and external fields.

Altermagnets, characterized by time-reversal symmetry breaking without net magnetization and momentum-dependent spin-split bands, offer a promising platform for spintronics due to their anisotropic spin textures and potential for tunable magnetic interactions. Here, we theoretically investigate the slow phonon-renormalized Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in two-dimensional Rashba $d$-wave altermagnets, incorporating arbitrary Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) strength and spin-dependent static-Holstein electron-phonon coupling (EPC). Using a continuum model Hamiltonian that captures altermagnetic anisotropy, RSOC, and adiabatic lattice distortions, we compute the noncollinear RKKY exchange tensor via second-order perturbation theory and numerical momentum-space integration. Our results reveal that static lattice distortions provide a versatile tuning knob for engineering the magnitude, anisotropy, and chirality of RKKY couplings: moderate EPC suppresses long-range coherence while inducing component-specific phase shifts and sign reversals, particularly in Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and compass-like terms, enabling control over ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic alignments and clockwise/counterclockwise chiralities. Systematic parameter scans demonstrate enhanced oscillatory complexity with altermagnetic order, RSOC, and doping. These findings establish slow phonons as a low-energy tuning knob that systematically controls the magnitude, anisotropy, phase, and chirality of noncollinear RKKY couplings - even at arbitrary Rashba strength - thereby providing a practical route to engineer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic alignments and clockwise/counterclockwise DM chiralities in altermagnet-based heterostructures.

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence, connected devices, and high speed mobile networks is driving unprecedented computational demands that challenge traditional sensor architectures. This article explores the shift toward edge computing, where computation is performed directly at the data source, and highlights the key architectures and performance metrics that may define the next generation of intelligent sensor systems.

The Lieb-Liniger model describes one-dimensional bosons with contact interactions. This many-body system admits an exact solution in terms of the Bethe ansatz. Some of the exact and perturbative results for this model are reviewed. Particular attention is devoted to the explicit evaluation, in terms of the interaction parameter, of physical quantities that can be formally exactly extracted from the Bethe ansatz solution. Another goal of this review is to stress exact relations between various quantities. The technical developments are explained in detail. The most relevant experimental realisations of the studied problems are eventually discussed. This review also contains several new results such as the study of convergence of the ground-state energy series at strong interactions, the excitation spectrum at high energies, and the evaluation of the boundary energy.

Optical cavities play a central role in photonic and quantum technologies by enhancing light-matter interactions. In semiconductor microcavities, achieving high quality (Q) factors typically relies on sophisticated epitaxial growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy, which offer atomic-scale precision but are costly and limited in material compatibility. For dielectric microcavities, high Q factors can be achieved using dielectric Bragg mirrors. However, conventional deposition techniques for the top mirrors, such as plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition or sputtering, can damage embedded emitters. This limitation is particularly severe for van der Waals materials, especially atomically thin semiconductors. Moreover, the conventional top-mirror deposition can cover or degrade predefined metal contacts. Recovering electrical access typically requires additional lithography and etching steps. Here, a deterministic dry-transfer approach is developed to fabricate complete dielectric microcavities using both top and bottom SiO_2/TiO_2 Bragg mirrors without post-growth lift-off processes, reaching a Q factor ~ 4x10^3. Using a WS_2 monolayer as the active medium, clear signatures of strong exciton-photon coupling are observed at both room temperature and cryogenic temperatures. These results demonstrate an efficient cavity fabrication approach that preserves the integrity of the emitter of layered materials, enabling next generation integrated photonic devices.

The excitation spectrum of Kitaev quantum spin liquids consists of itinerant Majorana fermions, which can be gapless or gapped, and vortices of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field, known as visons, which are \new{gapped within a stable $\mathbb Z_2$ spin liquid phase}. In this work, we investigate visons in Kitaev-type models where the Majorana fermions form a Fermi surface. In this case, the creation of a vison pair is analogous to introducing a local impurity potential in a metal. Since the gapless modes lead to strong finite-size effects, we compare the numerical calculation of the \new{two-vison gap} on finite lattices with the result from an analytical approach based on Green's function techniques. We find that the \new{two-vison gap} decreases as the size of the Fermi surface increases, signalling an instability of the quantum spin liquid ground state. We also show that larger Fermi surfaces tend to suppress the change in local spin correlations due to the Majorana-vison scattering potential.

We develop an angular momentum representation and implementation of the Clifford+T set of unitaries for qutrits. We show that local gates from this set can be realized by the sole use of suitable rotations and one-axis-twisting operations, which are at most quadratic in the angular momentum operators and thus can be experimentally realized in many quantum systems. Controlled rotations are shown to only require linear angular momentum couplings and, as a consequence, the full qutrit Clifford+T set is shown to be expressed solely in terms of two-body angular momentum couplings, rotations and one-axis-twisting operations. By employing the Jordan-Schwinger map, we show an analogous implementation in terms of bosonic modes, improving on the number of modes with regard to a previous scheme. Moreover, we employ the cross-Kerr interaction in order to obtain any qutrit Clifford+T gate for bosonic modes. We illustrate our findings with simple schemes for preparing entangled states of interest.

Environmental noise can enhance transport, an effect known as environmental noise-assisted quantum transport. Most theoretical studies focus on optimizing system parameters under spatially uniform system-environment coupling. Here, instead, we optimize the environmental noise itself by allowing for site-dependent dephasing. We investigate steady-state transport in one-dimensional lattices with either ramped or disordered energy landscapes, considering both short- and long-range coherent tunneling. In the absence of environmental effects, in the thermodynamic limit these systems can exhibit localization, and thus suppressed transport, arising from destructive interference. Using a Lindblad master equation framework, we implement local dephasing optimized to maximize steady-state population flux. We find that for ramp potentials, short-range tunneling favors selective dephasing on alternating sites, whereas long-range tunneling benefits from a dephasing profile that increases with distance from the injection site. In energetically disordered systems, strongly detuned sites require enhanced local dephasing under short-range tunneling to facilitate transport. In all cases, we find that site-optimized dephasing allows higher transport efficiency than uniform dephasing, and it is accompanied by increased spatial delocalization of the steady state. Our results provide microscopic insight into the interplay between coherent dynamics and environmental noise. Dephasing broadens energy levels locally, helping to overcome detuning and destructive interference. More generally, we establish spatially-structured environmental noise as a strategy for controlling both quantum transport and state coherence in open systems.

We derive equations of motion for capital deepening in a competitive economy directly from accounting identities, without assuming a production function. A profit imperative $\eta^* \equiv (w/\kappa + 1/\tau)/(1-f_p)$ sets the minimum viable capital productivity, where $\eta = Y/K$ [yr$^{-1}$] is capital productivity, $\kappa = K/L$ is capital per worker, $w$ is the wage rate, $\tau$ is the capital lifetime, and $f_p$ is the production tax share. Four coupled relaxation equations govern $\kappa$, $\eta$, the frontier productivity $\eta_{\rm new}$ of new investment, and the labor share $q \equiv w/y$, with the sandwich constraint $\eta^* \leq \eta_{\rm new} \leq \eta$ maintained as an exact invariant. The frontier equation separates two physically distinct channels: a structural cheapening channel ($\mu$, always active, drives $\eta_{\rm new}$ downward) and a productivity channel ($\phi$, historically zero). Calibration against BEA 2-digit NAICS sector data (1998–2023) confirms $\phi = 0$ for all identifiable sectors over 25 years; the 75-year postwar record extends this finding across four capital lifetimes. A step $\phi = 0.01$\,yr$^{-1}$ – a 1%/yr improvement in new-capital productivity, modest but historically unprecedented – nearly doubles the aggregate growth rate within one capital lifetime, a falsifiable prediction with a precise observable signature: upward-curving $\eta(t)$ in BEA sector data. Firms near the zero-profit threshold have a cash martingale, predicting establishment exit rate $\sim t^{-1/2}$; convolved with the Zipf firm-size distribution~\cite{WP}, this yields firm exit rate $\sim t^{-1/2}\!\log t$ with apparent exponent $b = 0.295 \pm 0.03$, confirmed against BDS data with no free parameters.

Crystalline noble metal flakes are emerging as versatile platforms in nanophotonics, enabling a broad range of optical phenomena and applications. Their atomically flat surfaces, high crystallinity, and superior optical quality open new avenues in advanced plasmonics, quantum light generation, and hybrid photonic systems. In contrast to conventional polycrystalline metal films, which typically suffer from higher optical losses due to grain boundaries, surface roughness, and structural disorder, these monocrystalline flakes provide minimal scattering and enhanced performance. They serve as templates for precise nanostructuring through techniques like focused-ion beam (FIB) milling and are crucial for advanced applications in sensing and optoelectronics. Additionally, they facilitate frontier research in quantum plasmonics, enabling fundamental studies of nonlocal optical effects and the generation of nonclassical light. Furthermore, the well-defined $\{111\}$ facets of these flakes host Tamm–Shockley surface states that support 2D plasmons coexisting with bulk modes. At near-infrared wavelengths and beyond, crystalline flakes act as nearly ideal metallic mirrors, featuring surface roughness limited only to atomic terrace steps, making them highly suitable for integration with 2D materials in hybrid photonic architectures. This review surveys the key roles these flakes play, highlighting recent developments and discussing future prospects while emphasizing their unique benefits in addressing fundamental and applied challenges in modern nanophotonics.

While material innovation can enable sustainable development, environmental and social impacts of emerging materials are often assessed only after design choices are "locked in." Here, we argue for a shift in perspective: life cycle thinking should enter at the earliest stages of materials development, where uncertainty is highest but design freedom is greatest. Rather than treating incomplete knowledge as a barrier, we reframe it as an inherent feature that can illuminate trajectories, tradeoffs, and consequences – and enable intervention while change remains possible. Focusing on inorganic solid materials, we identify disconnects between materials science and sustainability analysis, propose an adaptable, decision-oriented framework to embed sustainability into material design across evolving technology stages, and highlight how recent advances such as predictive synthesis can help operationalize this integration. Guided by the framework's governing principles, we outline a cross-stakeholder agenda to shift from retrospective correction to anticipatory, responsible material design from the outset.

The distribution of income and wealth in developed economies exhibits a robust two-class structure: an exponential (Boltzmann–Gibbs) bulk covering $\sim\!97\%$ of the population, and a power-law (Pareto) tail in the upper $\sim\!3\%$. We derive this structure from first principles via an explicit mechanistic chain: Gibrat's law for firm growth implies a Zipf firm-size distribution; maximum entropy applied to within-firm wages, combined with mixture aggregation across firms, yields a Boltzmann–Gibbs income distribution with temperature $T_y$ for employees; additive-noise wealth dynamics with a reflecting wall at zero produce a Boltzmann–Gibbs employee wealth distribution with temperature $T_w$. For firm owners, multiplicative capital returns produce a Pareto wealth tail with exponent $\alpha_w = 1/\theta$, where $\theta$ encodes how total returns scale with firm size. The empirical value $\alpha_w \approx 1.30$ \cite{Yakovenko2009} is reproduced with no tuned parameters from the observed firm value scaling $V = V_0(s/s_0)^{0.77}$~\cite{Axtell2001}, and simultaneously yields the first quantitative estimate of the returns-per-employee size exponent: $\zeta = \theta - 1 \approx -0.23$. For empirical values $\nu \approx 0.3$, $c \approx 0.81$, $k \approx 0.15$ (BEA long-run savings rate $\approx 5\%$), the model gives $T_w/T_y \approx 1.7\,\text{yr}$, i.e.\ lower-class households hold roughly 1–2 years of income as wealth, with the precise ratio depending on savings and tax rates and testable cross-country. As a parameter-free empirical test, firms near zero profit have a cash martingale whose first-passage time gives establishment exit rate $\sim t^{-1/2}$; convolving with the Zipf firm-size distribution yields firm-level exit rate $\sim t^{-1/2}\!\log t$, with apparent exponent $b = 0.295 \pm 0.03$, confirmed against BDS firm-age data with no free parameters.

The spin-current model of electric polarization of spin origin is developed for a magnetic structure with anisotropic tensor gyromagnetic ratio (g-factor). Three mechanisms of the magnetoelectric effect are proposed, caused by the symmetric Heisenberg exchange interaction, the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction, and the spin-spin interaction related to the odd anisotropy of the symmetric exchange interaction of magnetic ions via nonmagnetic ion. The dependence of electric polarization on the spin density and tensor g-factor in the generalized spin-current model is derived. New solutions for macroscopic electric polarization, that arise in the cycloidal and helicoidal spin orders and are caused by the non-diagonal components of the gyromagnetic ratio, are predicted. The extended of the spin-current model to including a tensor g-factor can be important for the magnetic ferroelectrics with heavy ions which take part in the formation of magnetoelectric effect.

Strongly-correlated electrons in transition-metal oxides give rise to intriguing emergent phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. While simplified one-band Hubbard models capture some aspects, explicitly describing the interplay of copper and oxygen orbitals – as in the three-band Emery model – is essential to capture the full phenomenology of cuprates. Quantum simulators based on ultracold atoms offer a promising route to study such systems in a controlled setting, but realizing realistic multi-orbital Hubbard models remains challenging. Here we propose an optical superlattice architecture that implements the three-band Emery model with ultracold fermions. By combining lattice beams with controllable interference, we engineer orbital degrees of freedom that reproduce key features of the cuprate band structure, while enabling independent control of orbital-dependent interactions and charge-transfer energy. We show that single-particle quantum walks can benchmark the resulting tight-binding model. Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo, we further investigate thermodynamic properties in the undoped regime and find a finite-temperature metal-insulator crossover accompanied by the onset of antiferromagnetic correlations accessible in current experiments. Finally, we apply a Hamiltonian learning protocol enabling to infer effective single-band Hubbard models from experimental realizations of Emery models. Our results provide a practical pathway to simulate multi-orbital Hubbard physics with quantum gas microscopes.

Incorporating chiral organic cations into organic-inorganic hybrid materials has been shown to enable the inorganic sublattice to display chiroptical properties. We report a new two-dimensional magnetic ($S=1/2$) chiral metal halide perovskite, (R)- and (S)-$(C_4H_9FN)_2CuCl_4$ (where $(C_4H_9FN)^+$ is 3-fluoropyrrolidinium), which consists of Cu-Cl inorganic layers separated by $(C_4H_9FN)^+$ organic cations. The presence of the chiral $(C_4H_9FN)^+$ organic cation induces formation of chiral magnetic order, even though the inorganic sublattice itself is nearly structurally centrosymmetric. We also report the racemic variant, containing an equal amount of (R)- and (S)- cations, which shows no evidence of chiral magnetic order. When the magnetic susceptibility is measured perpendicular to inorganic Cu-Cl layer propagation direction, an antiferromagnetic phase transition at Néel temperature $T_N = 2.23~K$ is observed in both the chiral and racemic materials, and the existence of the magnetic phase transition is supported by specific heat capacity measurements. Field-induced magnetic chirality is observed through the existence of a second-order magnetoelectric effect in the chiral variant, while no magnetoelectric signal is observed for the racemic material, indicating the absence of magnetic chirality. Our findings demonstrate that materials exhibiting chiral magnetic order can be created through the incorporation of a chiral cation into an organic-inorganic hybrid magnetic material, potentially allowing for the design of tailored materials that combine chiral magnetism with other desirable optical and electronic properties that come from structural chirality.

This study investigates the nanoscale conductivity of encapsulated monolayer graphene at temperatures down to 5 K and magnetic fields of up to 1 T. We use the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) technique to probe magnetic-field-dependent responses from graphene close to charge neutrality in the terahertz spectral region. We observe the near-perfect high-$q$ reflector behavior of graphene but with subtle changes by the presence of magnetic fields. Measurements align with calculations of the magneto-optical conductivity and the near-field spectroscopic contrast that describes the field-tunable cyclotron resonance of Dirac fermions. Our result provides an initial step toward understanding temperature and magnetic-field effects on nanoscale terahertz transport in two-dimensional quantum materials.

The promise of data-driven materials discovery remains constrained by the scarcity of large, high-quality, and accessible experimental datasets. Here, we introduce a generalizable large language model (LLM)-powered pipeline for automated extraction and structuring of materials data from unstructured scientific literature, using concrete materials as a representative and particularly challenging example. The pipeline exhibits robust performance across a broad range of LLMs and achieves an $F_1$ score of up to 0.98 for diverse composition–process–property attributes. Within one hour, it extracts nearly 9,000 high-quality records with over 100 attributes from a corpus screened from more than 27,000 publications, enabling the construction of the largest open laboratory database for blended cement concrete. Machine learning analyses underscore the importance of large, diverse, and information-rich datasets for enhancing both in-distribution accuracy and out-of-distribution generalization to unseen materials. The proposed pipeline is readily adaptable to other materials domains and accelerates the development of scalable data infrastructures for materials informatics.