Papers

While crystalline materials with glass-like thermal conductivity are fundamentally intriguing, structurally triggering the transition from propagating to diffusive heat transport within a single framework remains a formidable challenge. Here, using extensive machine learning molecular dynamics, we demonstrate a fundamental thermal transport crossover in metal-organic frameworks. We reveal that grafting flexible side chains onto a pristine MOF backbone acts as a structural switch, strongly reducing the thermal conductivity by $\sim$70% (from $\sim 0.7$ to $\sim 0.2\ \text{W m}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$ at 300 K). Crucially, the functionalized derivatives exhibit a drastic transition from a classical Peierls $\sim 1/T$ decay to an anomalous, temperature-independent glass-like plateau. Reciprocal- and real-space analyses reveal the microscopic origins: the side chains act as built-in local resonators that trap acoustic energy via strong low-frequency resonant hybridization, while simultaneously inducing extreme steric crowding. Consequently, the heat-carrying phonon modes become critically damped, with their mean free paths strictly confined to the nanometer scale and their lifetimes collapsing to the Ioffe-Regel limit. This work establishes a highly programmable molecular engineering strategy to dismantle the phonon gas model, forcing crystalline frameworks into an extreme diffusive transport regime.

Partial observation is a pervasive obstacle in nonequilibrium physics: coarse graining may absorb hidden forcing into an apparently equilibrium-like reduced description, so a driven system can look reversible through the only variables one can measure. For scalar Gaussian observables of linear stochastic systems, no time-irreversibility statistic can detect the underlying drive. The Lucente–Crisanti ceiling constrains what one channel carries; what two channels carry is a different question, with a sharp closed-form answer. Two simultaneously observed channels retain an off-diagonal cross-spectral sector inaccessible to any scalar reduction; under channel-separable multiplicative structure the observed-channel response factors cancel identically, leaving a closed-form cross-spectral witness controlled only by the hidden spectrum, the loadings, and the innovation scales, strictly positive at every nonzero cross-coupling including at exact timescale coalescence where every scalar reduction is blind. Within general CSM this certifies shared hidden-sector drive; under the additional one-way coupling assumption the witness identifies the total entropy production rate at leading order with a square-root scaling.

In this work, we explore how the geometry and topology of the underlying manifold shape the synchronization phase transition of a system. To do so, we extend the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model from spheres to compact, connected, orientable, and homogeneous Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. Starting from the mean-field kinetic equation on the manifold, we derive a local response equation for the order parameter near the incoherent state and separate the geometric and topological contributions to the phase transition out of the incoherent state. The manifold geometry determines the averaged projection factor $\kappa\left(M\right)$, which directly controls the coupling strength required to destabilize the incoherent state. The critical coupling is determined jointly by this geometric factor and the response of the intrinsic drift fields. The manifold topology affects the phase transition through the Euler characteristic $\chi\left(M\right)$: the Poincaré-Hopf relation fixes the net defect charge of the incipient ordered texture, and the local reduction and sign conditions stated below allow the same Euler-characteristic data to constrain the cubic coefficient of the reduced response equation. In that conditional class, a non-zero Euler characteristic gives the cubic sign used in the reduced normal form, and an additional stabilization condition gives a discontinuous local transition. When $\chi\left(M\right)=0$, the local branch is determined by the normal-form coefficients rather than by the Euler characteristic alone. We evaluate these geometric and topological indicators on representative families. Our framework recovers the topological part of the classical hyperspherical parity distinction and extends it to a broad class of non-spherical state spaces.

We theoretically investigate spin-dependent transport in a TMD-based vertical spin valve, taking WSe$_2$ as a representative example. Using effective Hamiltonians for the heterostructure and the Landauer formula, we derive the transmission and reflection coefficients within a transfer-matrix approach. The calculated magnetoresistance shows an oscillatory dependence on the WSe$_2$ thickness when the Fermi level is tuned near the valence-band maximum. The effects of gate voltage and exchange fields on the magnetoresistance are further analyzed. We also identify a Fabry-Pérot-like interference contribution to the magnetoresistance, which can enhance or even induce negative magnetoresistance in certain thickness regimes. Our results provide a qualitative understanding of the negative magnetoresistance observed in WSe$_2$-based spin valves and may offer useful insights for the design of tunable spintronic devices.

The theoretical dispersion of higher fold excitations are typically governed by space group symmetry. However, physical factors affecting local structural and electronic environment such as atomic arrangement, orbital overlaps, etc., largely alter the behavior of quasiparticle around higher fold nodes. In this work, we consider three chiral material candidates (space group P$2_13$) which exhibit systematic variations in physical parameters by virtue of their constituent elements. We perform a detailed and systematic study of these materials using DFT in absence and presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Four different kinds of unconventional excitations were observed in all three materials at $\Gamma$- and R-point in the full BZ. In absence of SOC, we find spin-1 ($\Gamma$) and double Weyl (R) excitations, where a Rarita-Schwinger-Weyl fermion ($\Gamma$) and double spin-1 excitation (R) are found in presence of SOC. All of these higher fold nodes lie in energy range of $\left(-0.5,-0.85\right)$eV. Remarkably, we also find total of eight new type-II Weyl points even in absence SOC on $\Gamma$-R line in these materials. In presence of SOC, 12 new Weyl nodes of type-II nature at general momenta ($k_x,k_y,k_z$)$\frac{2\pi}{a}$ are also observed. The presence of these Weyl nodes have not been reported in any of the earlier works. Further, analyzing the low-energy dispersion of spin-1 excitations in these materials we find that otherwise flat middle band in PdBiTe is almost parabolic due strong hybridization. On the other hand, relatively flat middle bands can be observed in PdAsS and PdSbSe in low-energy scale. In case of double spin-1 excitations, surprisingly, we see linearly dispersing middle bands in PdSbSe whereas middle bands in PdAsS and PdSbSe are parabolic even in low-energy scale. Lastly, we present non-trivial surface states and Fermi arcs associated with higher fold excitations.

We studied double-layer WSe2 stacked on opposite sides of thin layers of hexagonal Boron nitride with different densities of electrons and holes. For a fixed hole density, the Coulomb drag resistance is found to exhibit plateaus approximately equal to $-h/(4e^2)$ and $-h/(2e^2)$ as the electron density is changed. When the number of electrons is equal to the number of holes, an exciton solid forms whose transport of quantum edge defects gives rise to the drag resistance. When the electron and hole densities are different, the excess electrons form a solid embedded in the exciton solid. The Coulomb drag resistance of the exciton solid comes from the one-dimensional transport of the two lowest energy channels of quantum edge vacancy-interstitial pairs. This corresponds to the first plateau. With the embedded solid, one of these channels is blocked. This corresponds to the second plateau. Transport experiments in the Corbino geometry with no edges and extra heavier holes were carried out. The plateaus disappeared. Three peaks in the resistance at different hole densities were observed. We interpret that the three peaks correspond to the commensurate exciton and two classes of hole solids. We performed phonon calculations of these states and found that the stability of these exciton-based quantum solids shows good agreement with experiment. Our results establish classes of extreme quantum solid states, opening additional avenues for the study of strongly correlated quantum transport phenomena involving quantum defect states.

In frustrated Ising magnets, classical spin liquids (CSLs) with macroscopic ground-state degeneracy can survive against conventional magnetic order, as exemplified by systems on triangular, kagome and pyrochlore lattices at zero field. Here we report the discovery of a high-field route toward spin liquids in a bilayer triangular lattice antiferromagnet, Rb$_2$Co$_2$(SeO$_3$)$_3$. We demonstrate that a cascade of CSLs – characterized by doubly degenerate one-up-one-down local spin configurations and a residual entropy of 1/2(1-M/M_s)Rln2 per mole – emerges through field-controlled dilution of Ising dimers. Owing to the interplay of intra- and inter-layer interactions, these CSLs are further stabilized by lattice symmetry breaking at fractional magnetization plateaus. Such field-induced spin liquids can be understood as a consequence of generalized ice rules, analogous to those governing in pyrochlore antiferromagnets. In particular, the 5/6-plateau state is a candidate quantum spin liquid. Our results thereby establish a new pathway for exploring diverse spin liquid states across both classical and quantum regimes.

Understanding thermal fluctuations yields insights into a wide range of behaviors in many-body systems. In this work, we analyze the dynamical adaptation of two-dimensional crystalline lattice system under harmonic interaction in response to the intricate interplay of thermal agitation and mechanical stress by developing the characteristic stress-absorbing quadrupole structures and stress-releasing fold structures. These thermally driven stress regulator structures serve as a tangible embodiment of thermal fluctuations, offering a unique perspective on the characterization and manipulation of the elusive fluctuations. Specifically, we reveal the stretch-driven alignment and linear accumulation of quadrupoles, characterize the formation and proliferation of folds, and present the phase diagram of the dynamical states defined by these characteristic structures. This work demonstrates the promising avenue of re-examining classical mechanical systems subject to thermal agitation, which is of fundamental physical interest and has potential practical significance in the design of mechanical devices in thermal environments.

In the context of chirality induced spin selectivity effect, it has been argued that a chiral molecule when adsorbed on a metal facilitates the formation of a local spin moment at the interface between the metal and molecule, given a strong spin-orbit coupling in the metal. The possibility for such spin moment formation is analyzed in terms of general arguments and effective modeling of a pertinent set-up. The conclusion from this analysis is that a strong spin-orbit coupling in the metal does not provide a sufficient mechanism to sustain a stabilized spin moment at the interface. It is, moreover, shown that an electron flux in to or out from the molecule does not provide conditions for a spin moment formation, regardless of whether the flux is spin-polarized or not.

In this study, we investigate the relationship between the one-dimensional (1D) Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation and the stochastic Loewner equation (SLE), which is a one parameter family of the conformal mappings involving stochasticity. The author shows the correspondence between 1D KPZ equation with height function $h(x,t)=(3t^2x+x^3)/6t$ and Loewner equation driven by a nonlinear stochastic process, wherein the 1D dynamics of interface growth is characterized by Loewner entropy $S_{Loew}\simeq-\ln{t/\kappa}$. These results were numerically verified with discussions in relation to the universality in non-equilibrium statistical physics.

The shape of the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization was analyzed for about forty ferromagnetic materials. The squareness of the shape was determined by fitting the magnetization curves with the superellipse equation (Lame curve). The agreement between the Lame curve fits and the experimental data was good for most materials. The squareness parameter (the power coefficient in the superellipse equation was found to range from 1.4 to 3.0. The largest squareness was observed for iron, whereas the smallest was found for antiferromagnetic materials and the Ni55Cu45 alloy. The squareness parameter was studied as a function of the Curie temperature, TC. For metallic alloys, a general tendency was observed: the squareness increased with increasing Curie temperature. The only exception was cobalt, which exhibited the same magnetization curve in reduced coordinates as nickel despite having a Curie temperature twice as high. The addition of either ferromagnetic or nonferromagnetic metals to iron or nickel led to a decrease in squareness. No influence of the thermal expansion coefficient on the magnetization curve was observed: zero-expansion Invar exhibited a standard shape following the Lame curve.

New superconducting materials, particularly iron-based superconductors (IBS), have recently attracted attention for their potential applications in particle detectors and accelerators. This paper discusses the application of these materials in multilayer structures for radio-frequency resonators used to accelerate charged particles, with the aim of improving performance compared to bulk niobium. These materials are compared with previously studied multilayers composed of conventional superconductors in terms of the maximum magnetic field they can withstand, their surface resistance, and their power loss per unit surface area. Finally, perspectives and future applications aimed at increasing operating temperatures are discussed.

Anisotropic magnetic colloids with permanent dipole moments exhibit rich field-responsive behavior arising from the interplay between particle geometry, dipolar interactions, and external driving. Modeling these systems remains challenging due to the long-range nature of dipolar forces, geometric anisotropy, dipole–particle misalignment, and the complexity of implementing anisotropic steric interactions. This review discusses particle-based numerical strategies to model such systems, including single-site, multi-bead, shifted-dipole, and multicore representations. We analyze how different levels of description capture key physical mechanisms, from steric constraints and directional binding to internal magnetic structure and nonequilibrium dynamics. Particular emphasis is placed on dipole–particle misalignment as a control parameter that strongly affects interaction landscapes and self-assembly pathways. We also highlight recent machine learning approaches as emerging tools to construct effective interaction potentials and accelerate simulations. By comparing the main methodologies and their limitations, this review outlines current challenges and perspectives toward more predictive and efficient modeling of anisotropic magnetic colloids.

The statistics of gaps between quantum energy levels is a hallmark criterion in quantum chaos and quantum integrability studies. The relevant distributions corresponding to exactly integrable vs. fully chaotic systems are universal and described by the Poisson vs. Wigner-Dyson curves. In the transitional regime between integrability and chaos, the distributions are much less universal and have not been understood quantitatively until now. We point out that the relevant statistics that controls these distributions is that of the matrix elements of the nonintegrable perturbation Hamiltonian in the energy eigenbasis of the unperturbed integrable system. With this insight, we formulate a simple random matrix ensemble that correctly reproduces the level spacing distributions in a variety of test systems. For the distribution of matrix elements appearing in our construction, we furthermore discover surprising universal features: across a variety of physical systems with diverse degrees of freedom, these distributions are dominated by simple power laws.

The mechanical and rheological properties of jammed packings of frictionless particles under shear strain remain not fully understood, even when the strain amplitude is very small and well below the yielding threshold. Systems above the jamming transition point $\phi_J$ are known to display two anomalous mechanical behaviors with respect to the driving frequency $\omega$ (or time $t$) and the strain amplitude $\gamma$. In the linear-response regime ($\gamma\to 0$), the complex modulus exhibits an algebraic scaling, $G(\omega)\sim\omega^{1/2}$ (or $G(t)\sim t^{-1/2}$ in the time representation). In contrast, in the quasi-static limit ($\omega \to 0$), the modulus shows the nonlinear behavior, $G(\gamma)\sim\gamma^{-1/2}$, a phenomenon referred to as softening. The ranges of $\omega$ and $\gamma$ over which these algebraic scalings hold broaden as $\phi_J$ is approached from above, whereas both $G(\omega)$ and $G(\gamma)$ vanish for $\phi < \phi_J$. In this study, we investigate the mechanical response in the regime where these two anomalies coexist in the vicinity of $\phi_J$. To this end, we perform numerical analyses using two rheological protocols: oscillatory shear and transient stress relaxation. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical responses are not simply described as a superposition of the two algebraic relaxations and instead exhibit rich nonlinear viscoelastic behavior both above and even below $\phi_J$.

Most theories of the phonon thermal Hall effect ignore phonon-phonon interactions. Here, by recalling the Senftleben-Beenakker effect in molecular gases, we argue that a magnetic field, by influencing collisions between neutral non-chiral [quasi-]particles, can induce a Hall response. Our study of two insulators with distinct crystal structures, layered honeycomb WS$_2$ and ferroelectric perovskite LiNbO$_3$, finds that $\kappa_{xx}$ and $\kappa_{xy}$ peak at nearly the same temperature in both materials, as reported in other insulators. We show that the amplitude of transverse thermal resistivity in clean and simple insulators is of the order of $|W_\perp/B|\simeq \frac{e}{k_B u}$, where $e$ and $k_B$ are fundamental constants and $u$ is the binding energy density of the crystal. In complex and dirty insulators, $|W_\perp/B|$ is much larger and has a significant temperature dependence. Nevertheless, the peak thermal Hall angle in all insulators remains roughly the same.

Realizing correlated topological semimetallic phases in bulk transition-metal oxides remains challenging due to rigid lattice symmetry, correlation-induced gap opening, and limited structural tunability. However, complex-oxide thin films and heterostructures provide a powerful platform to stabilize topological phases by tailoring the requisite lattice symmetry through strain control and interface design. In this study, we demonstrate the emergence of Weyl-like electronic states and associated chiral transport in SrNbO$_3$ (SNO)/LaFeO$_3$ (LFO) bilayers. Transport measurements reveal signatures consistent with nontrivial topology, including large non-saturating MR, a nonlinear Hall response, and a chiral anomaly like feature in longitudinal magnetotransport under parallel electric and magnetic fields ($\mathbf{B} \parallel \mathbf{I}$). In addition, we observe a \textcolor{black}{signature} of anomalous Hall contribution, likely arising from \textcolor{black}{proximity effect induced by LFO layers at the interface}. First-principles calculations reveal an $a^0a^0c^-$ rotation pattern of the NbO$_6$ octahedra, together with interfacial lattice distortions in the SNO layer that drive the emergence of a twofold degenerate Weyl semimetallic phase protected by screw axis lattice symmetry. This is further confirmed by Berry curvature calculations, which show opposite sign Berry curvature peaks for the upper and lower band characteristic of a Weyl node. Our combined experimental and theoretical results highlight the critical role of strain and interfacial octahedral distortions in stabilizing Weyl phase in transition metal based perovskite bilayer.

We study a discrete-time quantum walk in presence of a detector at $x_D$ initially. The detector here is repeatedly removed after a span of $t_R$, the removal time, and reinserted at random locations. Two relocation rules are considered here: In Model~1, the detector is reinserted at any site beyond $x_D$, while in Model~2, reinsertion is done within a restricted window around the position of the detector at that time. Both variants behave like Semi Infinite Walk (SIW) for large $t_R$, where the detector behaves effectively as a fixed boundary. However, in the rapid-relocation regime, i.e., when $t_R$ is small, the behaviours are different. Model~1 permits greater spreading due to unrestricted reinsertion, which is different from Model~2. The time evolution of occupation probability ratio of our walker to that of an infinite walker at $x_D$, i.e., $f(x_D,t)/f_\infty(x_D,t)$, initially show the feature of a SIW upto $t=t_R$, then show some oscillatory behaviour and finally reach a saturation value for both the models. The ratio enhancing under certain conditions of $x_D$ and $t_R$, is a purely quantum mechanical effect. The saturation ratio shows a crossover behavior below and above a removal time $t_R^*$. At sites $x \neq x_D$ the occupation probablity ratios at a certain time reveals that for small $t_R$, the behaviours of the two models are drastically different from each other, as well as from Semi Infinite Walk (SIW), Quenched Quantum Walk (QQW) and Moving Detector Quantum Walk (MDQW). The correlation ratios of the two models with that of Infinite Walk (IW) show interesting time dependence for sites to the left or right of the initial detector position $x_D$.

Supercooled liquids are metastable states realized by suppressing crystallization below the melting temperature. While it is well established that their dynamics slow down dramatically and become spatially heterogeneous upon cooling, the microscopic origin of these nontrivial glassy phenomena remains a matter of active debate. In the present study, by means of molecular dynamics simulations, we first demonstrate that nontrivial slow dynamics, such as structural relaxation and dynamical heterogeneity, can be consistently described within a zero-temperature avalanche criticality picture. Since this finding suggests that the potential energy landscape plays a crucial role in determining the dynamics, we further quantify the potential energy landscape from three distinct perspectives. Based on these analyses, we propose a potential-energy-landscape picture of avalanche criticality that is consistent with various previous studies. Our proposed picture explains in a unified manner previously unexplained observations near the mode-coupling transition, such as the saturation of the dynamical susceptibility and the localization of unstable modes in saddle configurations.

Antiferromagnets with vanishing net magnetization are naturally expected to host higher-order magnetic multipole moments. Understanding and utilizing the multipole degrees of freedom are imperative for novel conceptual designs and applications unique to antiferromagnets. However, a universal, quantitative definition of magnetic multipole moments of antiferromagnetic materials is currently lacking. In this work we provide a unified description of arbitrary-order spin magnetic multipole moments (SM$^3$) of antiferromagnets by introducing a nonlocal spin density in macroscopic Maxwell equations. The formalism makes it transparent how SM$^3$ calculated for translationally invariant bulk systems corresponds to experimental observables when translation symmetry is broken. Through the nonlocal spin density calculated from first principles, we propose a robust scheme to extract arbitrary-order SM$^3$ through symmetry-constrained fitting at long wavelengths. Using this approach, we have calculated SM$^3$ of a few representative antiferromagnets, including $\alpha$-$\rm Fe_2O_3$, Mn$_3$Sn, and Mn$_3$NiN. Moreover, we clarify the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in SM$^3$, especially in the weak SOC limit where clean predictions can be made based on symmetry principles. Our work paves the way for systematically investigating multipolar order parameters of unconventional magnetic materials.

In supercooled liquids, mesoscale mobile and immobile domains are ubiquitously observed, a phenomenon known as dynamical heterogeneity. Extensive studies have established that the characteristic size of these domains grows upon cooling and exhibits system-size dependence. However, the physical origin of this domain growth remains a matter of active debate. In this work, using molecular simulations, we demonstrate that the temperature and system-size dependence of dynamical heterogeneity can be explained within a zero-temperature avalanche criticality picture.

Machine learning has been widely used for predicting material properties. However, efficient prediction of lattice thermal conductivity ($\kappa_\mathrm{L}$) remains a long-standing challenge, primarily due to the scarcity of high-quality training data. Here we introduce KappaFormer, a physics-aware Transformer architecture that embeds the harmonic-anharmonic decomposition of $\kappa_\mathrm{L}$ within the network. KappaFormer comprises a harmonic branch pre-trained on large-scale elastic property data and an anharmonic branch fine-tuned on limited experimental $\kappa_\mathrm{L}$ data, enabling effective knowledge transfer and enhanced generalization. High-throughput screening with KappaFormer identifies multiple candidates with ultralow $\kappa_\mathrm{L}$, which are further confirmed by first-principles calculations. Physics interpretability further elucidates the vibrational mechanisms governing thermal transport suppression, linking structural motifs to strong anharmonicity. This study provides a generalizable framework for physics-guided machine learning to accelerate the discovery of new materials.

Voltage-gated ion channels are essential for propagating signals in neurons. Each channel senses the local membrane potential created by nearby ions. Fluctuations in these ions introduce two fundamental noise sources: (i) shot noise, from the discreteness of ionic charge, and (ii) Johnson-Nyquist noise, from long-wavelength thermal fluctuations of the electric field. We show that, for an individual channel, shot noise dominates and sets an intrinsic limit to voltage sensing. On the $10$ $\mu$s timescales relevant to channel gating, this limit corresponds to an accuracy of about $10$ mV – close to measured channel sensitivities. When signals from many channels are aggregated, Johnson-Nyquist noise eventually overtakes shot noise and bounds the total information that can be sensed from the environment. This transition occurs at an ion channel density of $< 1$ channel/$\mu$m$^2$ for slow signals and around $10^2-10^4$ channels/$\mu$m$^2$ for signals with $10$ $\mu$s timescales, both of which are within the range of experimentally-measured densities for somas and axon initial segments, respectively. These results provide design principles for single-channel architecture and collective sensing and suggest that neuronal computation is ultimately constrained by thermal fluctuations.

Although two-dimensional (2D) multilayer kagome materials have opened up new windows of opportunity for exploring novel physical properties, their development has been constrained by the scarcity of available material systems. In light of this, in this study, relying on our previously proposed innovative "1+3" design strategy for multilayer kagome materials, we have successfully designed nine stable 2D niobium-based multilayer kagome monolayers with tunable compositions: Nb₆Cl₂S₃Br₆, Nb₆Cl₂S₄Br₆, Nb₆Cl₂Se₃Br₆, Nb₆Cl₂Se₄Br₆, Nb₆Cl₂S₁Se₃Br₆, Nb₆Cl₂S₃Se₁Br₆, Nb₆S₄Cl₈, Nb₆Se₄Br₈, and Nb₆Br₂S₃Se₁Cl₆. These nine new materials all belong to the category of Dirac semimetals, with their Dirac cone structures primarily arising from the dz² orbitals based on Nb-based kagome lattice. Hybrid functional calculations reveal that these materials boast Fermi velocities as high as 2.36-3.04*10⁵ m/s. Moreover, these materials generally exhibit characteristics of relatively low phonon group velocities and shorted phonon lifetimes. Under room temperature conditions, they possess comparatively low lattice thermal conductivities, with values ranging from 1.704-8.149 Wm^-1K^-1 . Our research not only robustly confirms the feasibility of the "1+3" multilayer kagome lattices design strategy in the realm of kagome material development but also sets an exemplary benchmark for the study of Nb-based multilayer kagome materials.

The pair density wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with non-zero center-of-mass momentum Cooper pairing in the absence of external magnetic fields. Its realization in microscopic models as the ground state is very rare and extremely challenging, because a genuine PDW state is free of a uniform component or modulations by a pre-existing spin/charge density wave order at the same wavevector. Here, we report the discovery of a genuine primary PDW phase in a two-orbital Hubbard model on the kagome lattice by state-of-art functional renormalization group studies. It emerges out of competing orders over a wide physical parameter range suitable for realistic material realizations. The key ingredients in favor of the PDW order are the strongly sublattice and orbital polarized Bloch states on multiple Fermi pockets. They force the zero-momentum Cooper pairing to involve the same sublattices and be suppressed by onsite Coulomb repulsion, while pairing between different sublattices to be dominated by different Fermi pockets with nonzero total momentum. The degenerate PDW states at three momenta ${\bf M}_{1,2,3}$ on the Brillouin zone boundary exhibit novel intertwined order and can linearly combine into topologically nontrivial chiral PDW states. We propose that the model can be realized in multiorbital kagome materials such as CsCr$_3$Sb$_5$ as well as cold atom systems.

Scaling behavior in magnetization has been reported in a wide range of quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidates and is often interpreted as evidence for scale-free spin liquid physics. Here we present a comprehensive scaling analysis of high-field magnetization measurements on the QSL material YbZn$_2$GaO$_5$. Between 5 K and 70 K, $M(H)$ displays scale invariance resembling that of a zero-field quantum critical point. Below 3 K, we observe a breakdown of this scale invariance that cannot be recovered by simply changing the critical exponents. This temperature coincides with the onset of enhanced spin correlations observed in $\mu$SR measurements. Moreover, the form of the deviation from scaling is consistent with collective spinon excitations coupled via emergent gauge interactions. These results indicate that the breakdown of scaling reflects the emergence of intrinsic low-energy excitations upon entering the QSL regime. Our work clarifies that magnetic scaling is associated with quantum critical fluctuations rather than with the spin liquid phase itself, and establishes magnetization scaling as a sensitive thermodynamic probe of emergent energy scales in QSL systems.

We demonstrate the real-time detection of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in lattice-confined spinor gases subject to a priori unknown time-variant interactions, via the temporal behaviors of both the system energy and spinor phases extracted from the observed spin dynamics. Using this technique, we describe the observed nonequilibrium spin dynamics, governed by intricate spin-spatial couplings, across a range of conditions. This work also introduces an observable that can quickly identify DPTs at holding times when commonly-used order parameters still exhibit transient, nonuniversal behavior. Our approach can naturally extend to other complex systems subject to time-dependent parameters, such as Floquet systems under driven magnetic fields, driven interactions, or spin-flopping fields, with potential applications in the study of DPTs in nonintegrable models.

Deep-subwavelength acoustic resonators are key building blocks of acoustic metamaterials, yet achieving bubble-like resonances in air remains challenging because the Minnaert mechanism relies on the inertia of a surrounding liquid. Here we demonstrate that air-filled soft elastomer shells, termed elasto-bubbles, realize an airborne analogue of the Minnaert resonator. Using impedance-tube measurements together with the theory of layered-bubble scattering, we show that these soft hollow capsules sustain strong monopolar resonances despite being deeply subwavelength. Their resonance frequency, transmission dip, and absorption are quantitatively captured, without adjustable parameters, by a model accounting for shell elasticity and viscoelasticity. Because shell radius and thickness can be tuned independently during fabrication, elasto-bubbles provide a simple and versatile platform for airborne acoustic metamaterials, resonant absorbers, and acoustic filters.

Periodic (Floquet) driving enables Hamiltonian engineering and nonequilibrium phases, but interacting systems eventually heat by absorbing energy from the drive. Disorder can greatly delay this process, yielding long-lived prethermal plateaus. Here we show that this protection can fail when pulse-train control introduces a second driving frequency and when the disorder fluctuates. Using a natural-abundance 13C nuclear-spin network in diamond, we observe sharp peaks in the late-time heating rate at the double- and triple-spin-flip resonance conditions predicted by bimodal Floquet interference, and track their evolution with drive frequency. A switching-noise model attributes the resonant absorption to stochastic electron-spin dynamics that intermittently tune rare nuclear clusters into multi-photon resonance. Our results reveal a resonance-activated limit for disorder-stabilized Floquet phases and suggest new routes to DC-field quantum sensing based on an abrupt breakdown of prethermalization.

We report the details of construction and testing of a Quantum Twisting Microscope, a recently developed scanning probe instrument that enables twist angle dependent electronic measurements on layered materials. Our implementation is based on a commercial atomic force microscope whose open geometry beneath the scan head allows integration of the rotation and translation stages required for QTM operation. We describe the complete fabrication process including tip preparation by focused ion beam deposition and graphite transfer, custom stage assembly with integrated rotation capability, and multistep alignment procedures. To validate the instrument, we perform conductance measurements between graphite layers as a function of twist angle, observing clear 60 degree periodicity consistent with the hexagonal lattice symmetry and conductance enhancements near the commensurate twist angles of 21.8 and 38.2 degrees. These results confirm the instruments ability to resolve crystallographic twist angle dependent transport features. By providing detailed construction and operational guidelines, we aim to make QTM technology accessible to research groups with standard AFM infrastructure, enabling investigations of twist angle dependent phenomena in van der Waals materials, complex oxide heterostructures and chiral systems.