Astrophysics of Galaxies
CHAMPS: Data Reduction and Detection of ~3300 Dusty Galaxies at 1.2 mm
Felix Martinez III, Jeyhan S. Karaltepe, Andreas L. Faisst et al. (+52 more)
We present the reduction and source catalogs for the \textit{COSMOS High-$z$ ALMA-MIRI Population Survey} (CHAMPS), the largest Atacama Large (Sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA) blank field survey to date at 0.2\,deg$^2$. With observing frequency centered at $250\, $GHz ($1.2\,$mm) and bandwidth of 7.5 GHz, CHAMPS covers the JWST/NIRCam+MIRI footprint in the COSMOS field, taking advantage of the rich, multiwavelength ancillary
datasets in COSMOS ranging from X-ray to
radio. The majority of the CHAMPS survey (90$\%$) has depths at or below 200 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ and with an average RMS of 146 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$. The reduced CHAMPS mosaic has a beam size of $\theta_{\rm res} = 1.1'' \times 1.1''$. CHAMPS identifies sources via two detection methods, a blind search for high-SNR sources, and a prior-based search involving MIRI detections to identify faint sources. The blind search yields a total of 595 sources down to an SNR $\ge4.5\sigma$ while the prior catalog yields a total of 3162 source down to an SNR $\ge3\sigma$, leading to a full sample of 3355 unique objects detected across both catalogs. We identify a unique population of 385 SNR $\ge5\sigma$ sources across the two catalogs; after excluding 9 likely spurious edge detections we define a robust science sample of 376 sources above $\ge5\sigma$. These sources have a median
redshift of $\langle z_{1.2 \text{ mm}}\rangle = 2.54^{+0.89}_{-1.69}$ based on optical/near-IR/mid-IR photometric
redshifts and high-quality spectroscopic
redshifts, and hold a median
stellar mass of $\langle\log (\rm M_\star/M_\odot)\rangle = 10.79^{+0.42}_{-3.08}$. We have further identified 68/376 ($\sim18\%$) sources as candidate AGN through X-ray, UV-optical, infrared and
radio selection techniques.
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All authors Felix Martinez III, Jeyhan S. Karaltepe, Andreas L. Faisst, Arianna S. Long, Jorge A. Zavala, Caitlin M. Casey, Jed McKinney, Ezequiel Treister, Maximilien Franco, Sune Toft, Manuel Aravena, John D. Silverman, Hollis B. Akins, Hiddo S. B. Algera, Jacqueline Antwi-Danso, Andrew J. Battisti, Yingjie Cheng, Olivia R. Cooper, Nicole E. Drakos, Carter Flayhart, Fabrizio Gentile, Steven Gillman, Ghassem Gozaliasl, Santosh Harish, Simon Hempel-Costello, Michaela Hirschmann, Olivier Ilbert, Bingcheng Jin, Shuowen Jin, Koki Kakiichi, Thresa Kelly, Zihao Li, Daizhong Liu, Lun-Jun Liu, Sinclaire M. Manning, Henry Joy McCracken, Romain A. Meyer, Louise Paquereau, Maria Pudoka, Jason Rhodes, Brant E. Robertson, Giulia Rodighiero, Rasha M. Samir, David B. Sanders, Marko Shuntov, Margherita Talia, Mattia Vaccari, Francesco Valentino, Aswin P. Vijayan, Feige Wang, Wuji Wang, Can Xu, Jinyi Yang, Yongda Zhu, Siwei Zou
Computational Physics
Permeability and microcrack geometry: Dynamic loading induced evolution
Rigoberto Moncada and Efrem Vitali
We propose a crack-geometry-based model for permeability
evolution in rocks under dynamic loading. Accurate representation of permeability is important for fluid extraction and containment in geological formations, but remains challenging because low-porosity brittle rocks are highly sensitive to changes in pore geometry and connectivity, while dynamic permeability measurements are limited. Rock void space is represented as an evolving network of penny-shaped cracks with prescribed orientations. Permeability changes are described through crack microvariables including aperture, length, and crack distance. The model accounts for crack opening and closure, fracture-energy-driven propagation, plastic-strain-driven nucleation, coalescence after full connectivity is reached, and strain-rate-dependent fracture toughening. The evolving crack network directly modifies connectivity, fluid conductance, and preferential flow paths. The formulation is implemented in the GeoDyn hydrocode and evaluated under tension, shear, compression, and symmetric impact loading. Results show a strong relation between permeability and crack length, with crack propagation playing a major role in permeability enhancement. Permeability growth can nevertheless be limited by poor connectivity and crack closure. The model captures changes of several orders of magnitude depending on stress state, strain rate, crack orientation, and connectivity, consistent with observed behavior of brittle rocks under high strain-rate loading.
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Quantum Physics
From Projected Subspaces to Full-Space Implementations: Representation-Equivalence Audits for Open-Shell ADAPT-VQE
Lucia Malíčková and Petr Klenovský
A variational state optimized in a
symmetry-projected space need not be the state prepared by exponentiating the corresponding unprojected parent generators. For an orthogonal target-space projector $P$, $Q=I-P$, and an anti-Hermitian generator $A$, exact equivalence for all amplitudes requires target-space invariance, $QAP=0$. We formulate this condition as a representation-equivalence audit for open-shell ADAPT-VQE. For a canonical CAS(15e,9o) type-1 Cu(II)
Hamiltonian, 274 of 323 bare Hartree–Fock-origin single, double, and triple excitations violate this condition. Projected-doublet ADAPT reaches 1.5719 m$E_h$ with 121 operators, whereas the same amplitudes in the corresponding full-space sequence give 464.730 m$E_h$ error, 0.07343 fidelity with the projected state, and 54.45% quartet weight. Reoptimizing the same 121 parent generators in the same order under the hard constraint $p_D\ge0.999$ reduces the best converged error to 8.482 m$E_h$, showing that the catastrophic same-angle failure is primarily a representation/parameter-transfer failure but is not completely repaired by full-space reoptimization of the fixed sequence. An independent 12-
qubit NO
benchmark exhibits the same mechanism more mildly. A
spin-preserving generalized full-space construction removes the representation ambiguity and reaches 1.493 and 1.181 m$E_h$ at 18 and 24
qubits. For the 18-
qubit positive control, selectively refining only four Suzuki-2 factors and re-transpiling with a fixed compiler seed passes the predeclared
circuit-equivalence gate at 19,660 controlled-X (CX) gates and depth 23,016.
Circuit synthesis and final-energy measurement therefore constitute separate validation layers. The contribution is a validation framework, not a new
spin-adapted ADAPT
algorithm.
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Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.NA
Slip Wall Boundary Conditions in Curved Domains for Finite Element ALE Hydrodynamics
Nabil Atallah, Kevin Sweet, Paul Moujaes et al. (+3 more)
We present a high-order finite element arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method for hydrodynamics with slip-wall boundary conditions on analytically curved domains. The method combines distinct Lagrangian, remesh, and remap phases while preserving the
geometric features of curved boundaries and allowing tangential motion of boundary nodes. In the Lagrangian phase, we use weak boundary condition enforcement to impose the slip-wall condition without freezing tangential motion. In the mesh optimization phase, we adapt TMOP (target-
matrix optimization paradigm) to analytic walls by replacing selected boundary coordinate degrees of freedom with curve or surface parameters. The Newton solve then moves boundary nodes tangentially with respect to the prescribed geometry while carrying the drift introduced by the Lagrangian phase. In the remap phase, we transfer the solution from the old mesh to the optimized mesh by a conservative advection-based remap over pseudo-time. We present numerical results in two and three dimensions demonstrating the method on high-order curved meshes and showing that it preserves boundary fidelity while producing the expected hydrodynamic solution features.
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All authors Nabil Atallah, Kevin Sweet, Paul Moujaes, Jan Nikl, Ketan Mittal, Vladimir Z. Tomov
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Excitonic Stripe Order in the Two-Orbital Hubbard-Kanamori Model
Rafael D. Soares, Luke Staszewski, Chunhan Feng et al. (+1 more)
Excitonic condensation and stripe formation are two distinct manifestations of electronic correlations. While excitonic order naturally arises in multi-orbital systems, stripe order is a prominent feature of doped correlated-electron models. Here, we investigate an excitonic analogue of stripe order in the two–orbital Hubbard-Kanamori model on the square
lattice, characterized by a spatial modulation of inter-orbital particle-hole coherence and, in the orbital-parity-symmetric limit, spontaneous breaking of a relative orbital $\mathbb{Z}_2$
symmetry. Using unrestricted real-space Hartree-Fock calculations complemented by random-phase-approximation instability analysis, we determine how the Kanamori interactions select different excitonic channels. The sign of Hund's exchange controls the
spin character of the condensate:
ferromagnetic Hund coupling favors triplet excitonic order, whereas
antiferromagnetic Hund coupling stabilizes singlet excitonic order. Upon doping, commensurate excitonic density waves develop incommensurate textures, including excitonic stripes and, in the triplet sector, spiral excitonic density waves. We further show that
crystal-field splitting strongly reorganizes the excitonic instability by modifying inter-orbital nesting and can stabilize triplet excitonic order even in the absence of pair hopping. Our results establish excitonic stripes as a distinct
symmetry-broken state of multi-orbital correlated systems and identify microscopic routes for their stabilization.
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All authors Rafael D. Soares, Luke Staszewski, Chunhan Feng, Alexander Wietek
High Energy Physics (Theory)
On the Derivation of Twisted K-Theory from M-Theory
Nikita Golub, Hisham Sati and Urs Schreiber
In a restricted untwisted sector, Diaconescu, Moore & Witten (2000, 2003) gave a
quantum M-theoretic consistency check, at the level of partition functions, of what one may call "Hypothesis K", namely that
magnetic and electric type IIA brane charges are jointly quantized in K-theory. We show that the more recently discussed "Hypothesis H" — that
magnetic and electric charges in 11D are jointly quantized in coHomotopy — together with a topological smallness condition on the M-theory circle, systematically implies that IIA charges are quantized in a nonabelian deformation of twisted K-theory by the previously neglected non-linear NS1-brane charge. This is essentially a derivation of twisted K-theory from IR-completed 11D SuGra, and conversely a further consistency check on Hypothesis H from Hypothesis K. We motivate and precisely state this result, discuss its structural implications, and outline the elaborate algebro-topological proof.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Hybrid Neural Simulation-Based Inference for Robust Applications and Limited-Budget Scenarios
Sean Benevedes, Mani Dehghan, Aishik Ghosh et al. (+1 more)
We develop two hybrid techniques that approach the performance of neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) analyses while substantially reducing the computational cost of inference and preserving some or all of the reliability guarantees of parametric methods. The first approach is broadly applicable, while the second is tailored to a class of particle physics analyses that admit a semi-parametric NSBI formulation. With only a modest compromise in raw sensitivity, these methods represent an important step toward computationally efficient NSBI in offline analyses and also open the door to the exploration of trigger-level applications in the future. Based on our comparison studies, we recommend the use of our first approach, Latent Categories, for robust and efficient inference.
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All authors Sean Benevedes, Mani Dehghan, Aishik Ghosh, Tae Hyoun Park
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
First Detection of the Doppler Shift of X-ray Photons Due to a Telescope's Orbital Motion
Stephen DiKerby and Shuo Zhang
We have detected for the first time the redshifting and blueshifting of X-ray
photons due to the orbital motion of an X-ray
telescope around the Earth. Current and planned X-ray
telescopes like XRISM/Resolve and NewAthena can achieve energy resolutions $R = E / \Delta E \approx 1000$, requiring spectroscopic calibration of physical effects such as the local standard of rest and the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. We construct an a priori method for detecting a heretofore unexamined effect: the modulation of
redshift due to the motion of an X-ray
telescope around the Earth. We apply this pipeline to several XRISM/Resolve observations of narrow iron K$\alpha$ emission lines from
galactic center molecular clouds, and we detect evidence of orbital
redshift modulation in the K$\alpha$ emission at the 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that orbital
redshift modulation is already present and detectable in X-ray data and motivates reexamination of how X-ray
photon data is packaged in the emerging era of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy.
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Materials Science
Linking Topological Medium Range Order and Density-Wave Coherence to Metallic Glass Ductility
Minhazul Islam, Muchen Wang, Andrea Fantin et al. (+10 more)
Metallic glasses exhibit pronounced composition-dependent mechanical properties, yet identifying the structural origins of these changes remains difficult. An outstanding issue is how to correlate different forms of medium range order (MRO), defined at different length scales and accessed through different experimental observables, and to understand their connection to properties. We combine synchrotron reduced density function, G(r), with machine-learning-assisted four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to examine
geometric and topological MRO in five Zr-based metallic glasses. Density wave analysis of G(r) provides a
geometric MRO descriptor through the coherence length of atomic density correlations, while 4D-STEM reveals nanoscale topological and chemical MRO motifs, including
crystal-like local ordering with distinct rotational
symmetries. We show that the G(r)-derived coherence length captures an important baseline tendency for cooperative ductile relaxation, while composition-dependent topological MRO provides an additional structural contribution that helps explain the observed mechanical responses. In particular, increasing Zr content suppresses Cu-rich FCC-like MRO, increases the cooperative coherence volume, and promotes fine Zr-rich HCP-like local order associated with enhanced ductility. These results identify the combined structural influence of
geometric and topological MRO as a key basis for composition-dependent mechanical response in metallic glasses.
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All authors Minhazul Islam, Muchen Wang, Andrea Fantin, Geun Hee Yoo, Ji Young Kim, Hamdan Ashfaq, Eun Soo Park, Robert Maass, Yunzhi Wang, Yue Fan, Hee-Suk Chung, Sang-Chul Lee, Jinwoo Hwang
Quantum Physics
Quantum Estimation under Decoherence in Neutrino Oscillations: Quantum Resources, Flavor Accessibility, and Multiparameter Incompatibility
Jilali Loulijat, Abdallah Slaoui, Mohamed Gouighri et al. (+1 more)
Neutrino oscillations offer an interferometric setting for open-system dynamics,
quantum resources, and parameter estimation. We distinguish two often-conflated statistical families: propagation-basis dephasing uses a survival factor $\eta_p$ to damp interference before
flavor projection, changing
flavor probabilities; effective
flavor-mode dephasing suppresses only off-diagonal coherence of a single-particle, two-mode state while fixing its populations. For the two-
flavor mode state, we derive exact concurrence,
entanglement of formation, and local
quantum uncertainty, and reduce one-sided projective discord to a one-parameter optimization. For $0<P<1$ and $0<\eta_m<1$, the QFIM in $(P,\chi,\eta_m)$ is diagonal, with $\mathcal{H}^{\rm mode}_{\chi\chi}=C_{\eta_m}^2$ and $\mathcal{H}^{\rm mode}_{\xi_m\xi_m}=C_{\eta_m}^2/(1-\eta_m^2)$, where $\xi_m=-\ln\eta_m$. For propagation-basis dephasing, basis-matched QFI and
flavor FI separate dynamical information loss from measurement inaccessibility for the mixing angle, mass-squared splitting, and dephasing rate. A monochromatic three-
flavor benchmark evaluates the mixed-state QFIM,
flavor FIM, and SLD incompatibility for $(\theta_{23},\delta_{\rm CP},\xi_{31},g)$ at DUNE-like, T2HK-like, and ESSnuSB-inspired points. At $\Gamma_0=10^{-23}\,\mathrm{GeV}$, the fixed-coordinate ratio $\mathcal{F}^{\rm flav}_{\delta\delta}/\mathcal{H}_{\delta\delta}$ is approximately $0.010$, $0.013$, and $0.105$, respectively; all three points show strong $\theta_{23}$–$\xi_{31}$ incompatibility. A single-energy
flavor measurement supplies only two independent probabilities, so its four-parameter FIM is rank deficient: these diagonal ratios are conditional diagnostics, not joint four-parameter sensitivities. These are state-level information-
geometric benchmarks, not event-level sensitivity forecasts.
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All authors Jilali Loulijat, Abdallah Slaoui, Mohamed Gouighri, Berihu Teklu
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
The Dense, Rocky Core of Haumea Revealed by Satellite Dynamics
Benjamin Proudfoot, Darin Ragozzine, Will Grundy et al. (+2 more)
The icy
dwarf planets in the outer
solar system are among the most enigmatic bodies known, showing activity ranging from atmospheric resurfacing to possible cryovolcanism. Yet the study of their interiors remains largely theoretical, with few empirical measurements to guide our understanding. The orbits of their moons offer a way to break this deadlock, providing a direct probe of
dwarf planet interiors. Here we present a detailed investigation of Haumea's interior derived from the motion of its satellite system. Fitting a new dynamical model to two decades of precise Hubble Space
Telescope astrometry, we simultaneously measure Haumea's dynamical oblateness, $J_2$, and the masses of its satellites. Our analysis of the $J_2$ measurement combined with occultation-derived shape models conclusively shows that Haumea has a dense rocky core overlaid with an ice-rich mantle. However, the current
dataset is not constraining enough to fully determine the detailed internal structure (core/mantle density, two-layer vs. three-layer, etc.). We do find a slight preference for models where Haumea retains a frozen-in fossil figure, but more data are needed to statistically confirm this. Future observations of the satellite system, as well as observations of
stellar occultations, are needed to fully test this hypothesis and should substantially tighten constraints on Haumea's interior. Taken together with other recent evidence for geophysical and geochemical
evolution of
dwarf planets, our work shows that dense rocky cores and subsurface oceans are likely to be ubiquitous among the trans-Neptunian
dwarf planets.
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All authors Benjamin Proudfoot, Darin Ragozzine, Will Grundy, Flavia Rommel, Bryan Holler
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Magnetoplasmon molecule
A. V. Larionov, A. V. Gorbunov, A. B. Van'kov et al. (+3 more)
We investigate a two-dimensional electron system in an external
magnetic field. An intrinsic four-particle excitation of the electron system, which we term a magnetoplasmon molecule, is observed. The molecule comprises two identical electrons and two
Fermi holes with opposite
spins. Both electrons and one
Fermi hole participate in the collective
plasma oscillations of the electron system, whereas the second
Fermi hole neutralizes the excess electronic charge. We examine the interaction between the magnetoplasmon molecule and a magnetoexciton condensate.
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All authors A. V. Larionov, A. V. Gorbunov, A. B. Van'kov, D. A. Shchigarev, L. V. Kulik, V. Umansky
High Energy Physics (Theory) · Cross-listed from math.AG
Global Sections and Birational Geometry of Calabi-Yau Type Varieties
Andrei Constantin, Andre Lukas and Elijah Sheridan
We investigate aspects of the relationship between global sections of divisors and birational geometry. We show that for varieties $X$ of klt Calabi-Yau type, global sections are governed by the same birational data that control the $D$-minimal model program ($D$-MMP). As a consequence, global sections of arbitrary big divisors can be systematically reduced to Euler characteristics $\chi(Y,\mathcal O_Y(D))$ on suitable birational models $Y$ using vanishing
theorems, extending classical positivity-based methods beyond the movable cone. The reduction proceeds by removing fixed divisorial components, which do not contribute to the space of global sections, either directly by subtraction or birationally by contraction to a suitable $D$-minimal model. We obtain piecewise quasipolynomial formulae for global sections on the big cone, whose domains are the Mori chambers of the $D$-MMP. Restricting to the subclass of Fano type varieties extends such formulae to the entire effective cone. These formulae can be constructed from just the small birational class of $X$, yet encode properties of all birational contractions of $X$. Alongside the computation of global sections from birational geometry, we study the inverse process, wherein finite computations of $h^0(X,\mathcal O_X(D))$ determine aspects of the chamber decomposition and the associated birational models.
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Quantum Physics
Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlators Beyond Lindblad
Elisa Vallini, Felix Fritzsch and Pieter W. Claeys
Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) provide a powerful probe of
quantum chaos and scrambling. While the Lindblad formalism is often used to describe OTOCs in open systems, microscopic mechanisms that give rise to the Lindblad equation at the level of time-ordered correlation functions do not necessarily justify this approach at the level of OTOCs. Starting from a microscopic model of a subsystem coupled to a random bath, we show that the resulting OTOC dynamics contains an additional contribution compared to the standard Lindblad approach. This contribution, induced by correlations between different replicas, allows key properties of the underlying
unitary dynamics such as long-time freeness to be retained and information scrambling to be captured more faithfully. As an application, we show that this extended formalism can be used to numerically study OTOCs in large closed systems by replacing part of the system with a dissipative boundary, offering a way to study operator spreading and higher-order correlations beyond directly accessible system sizes.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)
Measurements of the inclusive Branching fractions of the $D_s^+ \to \eta (\eta^\prime) X$ decays
BESIII Collaborations
Using $e^+ e^-$ collision data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between $4.128$ and $4.226$ GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $7.33~{\rm fb}^{-1}$, the inclusive branching fractions of the decays $D_s^+ \to \eta X$ and $D_s^+ \to \eta^\prime X$ ($X$ denotes any possible particles) are measured to be $(30.72 \pm 0.90 \pm 0.46)\%$ and $(12.30 \pm 0.94 \pm 0.37)\%$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with the previous CLEO measurements, with precision improved by factors of 2.8 and 1.9 for $D_s^+ \to \eta X$ and $D_s^+ \to \eta^\prime X$, respectively.
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Strongly Correlated Electrons
Spectroscopy of phonon-coupled integer and fractional Chern insulators: emergence of polarons and chirality deficit of graviton mode
Min Long, Yuzhu Wang and Zi Yang Meng
Strong electron-
phonon coupling can destabilize both Chern
insulators (CIs) and fractional Chern
insulators (FCIs) in favor of charge order, but whether the instabilities in CI and FCI share a common microscopic mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we address this question by studying a flat-band Haldane model coupled to dynamical Holstein
phonons at integer and fractional fillings using density-
matrix renormalization group with local basis optimization. We find that the low-energy effects of
phonons are dominated by their dressing of charge-neutral collective modes. In the CI and FCI,
phonons dress
excitons and magnetorotons into composite modes that we identify as
exciton polarons and magnetoroton polarons, respectively. These modes soften strongly upon approaching the transition, while the momenta of their energy minima anticipate the ordering wave vectors of the charge-ordered phases. The
phonon spectrum, in turn, acquires dispersive features inherited from the
exciton and magnetoroton modes, providing direct
lattice signatures of these neutral excitations. Within the FCI phase, electron-
phonon coupling also enhances the opposite-chirality spectral weight of the graviton response, thereby resulting in a chirality deficit. Our results provide a unified excitation-based picture of
phonon-driven instabilities in CIs and FCIs and establish
lattice dynamics as a probe of their neutral collective modes.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
Carroll-Weyl symmetries in flat holography
Arnaud Delfante and Chrysoula Markou
The degenerate geometry of a null boundary admits an enlarged local conformal freedom: in two dimensions, a Carrollian coframe allows two independent Weyl rescalings, one modulating and the other preserving the boundary volume form. We investigate whether both transformations can be realized as charged asymptotic
symmetries in three-dimensional flat holography. We show that Einstein
gravity canonically realizes the volume-modulating Carroll-Weyl transformation, together with local Carroll boosts, but does not admit the volume-preserving rescaling as an additional independent asymptotic
symmetry. We trace this obstruction both back to the conformal completion of null infinity and to the absence of two independent commuting semisimple generators in the Poincaré
algebra. Conformal
gravity overcomes this obstruction through bulk dilatations, which supply the missing algebraic direction. We construct an asymptotically flat phase space of conformal
gravity in which both types of Carroll-Weyl transformations and local Carroll boosts admit finite, integrable, and generically nonvanishing canonical charges, and derive their centrally extended
algebra. Finally, we show that these central extensions arise from boundary anomalies through
symplectic descent, yielding a gravitational prediction for Carroll-Weyl anomalies in flat holography.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Toward the CompactHedron: Bounds on Neutron Stars from Microscopic Principles
Thomas Apostolidis, Alessandro Longo, Borna Salehian et al. (+1 more)
We investigate the implications of causality and positivity for the
tidal Love numbers of gravitating objects. We work within the framework of point-particle effective field theory, where the Love numbers correspond to the Wilson coefficients of operators constructed from the
curvature tensor and its derivatives. For simplicity, we focus on the quadrupolar gravito-electric sector, which provides the leading contribution to
tidal deformability. We show that requiring the
tidal response to be retarded and to decay at high frequencies, together with the assumption of passivity, leads to nontrivial bounds on the Love numbers. These bounds delineate an allowed region in the parameter space of the effective theory and apply to any localized object. In particular, we study their application to
neutron stars. We compute the dynamical Love numbers through fourth order in the frequency expansion for a representative set of polytropic and tabulated
neutron-
star equations of state and show that, in the low-compactness regime, the bounds translate into constraints on the first oscillation mode of the
star. Importantly, these constraints are conceptually independent of the stability and thermodynamic conditions commonly imposed in the literature. While our focus is primarily on conservative systems, we also discuss how the bounds are modified in the presence of dissipation. Our results lay the ground for a systematic framework to derive bounds on compact objects from fundamental principles.
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All authors Thomas Apostolidis, Alessandro Longo, Borna Salehian, Luca Santoni
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
High-energy logarithms and precision at the LHC
Jeppe R. Andersen, Sebastian Jaskiewicz, Andreas Maier et al. (+1 more)
We address the breakdown of fixed-order perturbation theory due to logarithms in $s/p_t^2$ for processes involving two jets or more at the energies currently explored at the LHC. The problem manifests itself in various ways: an obvious breakdown of the perturbative series for some kinematic distributions, highly asymmetric scale variations in other distributions, and the need for an artificially large renormalisation scale to even achieve numerical stability. As we demonstrate, the problem is solved through the resummation of these high-energy logarithms. The customary choice of a large renormalisation scale of $m_{j_1j_2}$ offers no systematic resolution. This breakdown in fixed order predictions is illustrated for the production of $Z$+dijets. We show that resummed predictions obtained using \HighEJ matched to fixed order obtain accurate predictions for all the relevant distributions investigated in a recent ATLAS measurement.
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All authors Jeppe R. Andersen, Sebastian Jaskiewicz, Andreas Maier, Jennifer M. Smillie
High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Electric Dipole Moments as Precision Probes of CP-Violating Top-Quark Interactions in SMEFT
Subhajit Kala, Soumitra Nandi and Sonakshi Saha
Electric dipole moments (EDMs) provide some of the most sensitive probes of CP-violating interactions beyond the Standard Model (SM). Within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), we investigate constraints on CP-violating top-
quark interactions using current and projected leptonic and hadronic EDM measurements. Our analysis incorporates the complete chain of relevant effects, including one- and two-loop matching, Barr-Zee contributions, Weinberg operator and heavy-
quark threshold corrections, and renormalization-group induced operator mixing. We demonstrate the strong complementarity between leptonic and hadronic EDM observables and show that future
proton EDM searches could significantly strengthen constraints on several CP-violating top-
quark interactions.
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Quantum Physics
Independent density and coherence skin effects in adaptive fermion circuits
Karim Chahine, Markus Siegl and Michael Buchhold
Adaptive
circuits use measurements and outcome-conditioned feedback to implement nonreciprocal dynamics without postselection. We show that
fermion circuits host independently tunable density and coherence skin effects. The stationary state has an exact density tilt set only by measurement strength and feedback displacement: conditioned-gate details cancel, yielding an exponential one-particle profile and, at any filling, a tilted ensemble of configuration weights. Decaying coherences instead obey, in the bulk, an effective Hatano-Nelson generator controlled by the conditioned gates through a relative occupation phase. Tuning this phase drives a point-gap topological transition and reverses coherence localization at fixed density, allowing density and coherence to localize at opposite edges. We derive both exponents for conditioned $U(2)$ gates and propose a correlator-ratio probe using ensemble-averaged observables.
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Quantum Physics
Is rapid mixing stable?
Jordi A. Montañà-López, Barbara Roos, Sebastian Stengele et al. (+2 more)
Several physically interesting Lindbladians, such as those describing generic open
quantum system models as well as engineered state preparation processes, are often rapidly mixing, that is, they relax to steady states in time scaling polylogarithmically with the system size. Owing to the short mixing times, it is physically expected that local perturbations do not substantially increase the mixing time. In this work we question this expectation and ask whether rapid mixing survives. We provide counterexamples showing that rapid mixing is not stable in general, even when the perturbation does not change the steady state. We also show that arbitrarily weak local
Hamiltonian perturbations can destroy rapid mixing. Complementing these results, we develop an array of sufficient conditions which imply stable rapid mixing, including several classes of quasifree fermionic systems, commuting Lindbladians, and local
spin systems. We also identify conditions under which modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities (MLSIs), a stronger form of convergence, lead to stable rapid mixing. As a further implication of our results, we show that rapid mixing does not imply a positive MLSI constant.
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All authors Jordi A. Montañà-López, Barbara Roos, Sebastian Stengele, Ángela Capel, Rahul Trivedi
High Energy Physics (Theory)
Signatures of Bulk Topology from the 't Hooft Worldsheet
Jackson R. Fliss and Alexander Frenkel
We study
entanglement entropy in a certain ansatz of
matrix quantum mechanics (MQM) wavefunctions which behave as generating functionals for a planar 't Hooft expansion. We argue that these 't Hooft diagrammatics can directly probe aspects of the
topology of the bulk dual, such as the contractibility of a thermal or replica $S^1$ cycle. Our argument relies on treating 't Hooft diagrams as a non-perturbative definition of off-shell string theory worldsheets in which contractibility of replica cycle leads to worldsheets punctured by a conical deficit (as first described by Susskind and Uglum). We describe how a deconfinement transition in the MQM is tied to the exchange of dominant
topologies, as well as to a candidate description of open string 'edge modes' of Susskind and Uglum. Lastly, we study toy models of black hole evaporation and show that the boundary planar expansion itself diagnoses the exchange of dominance between the disconnected
topology and replica wormhole
topology, without ensemble averaging and without independently postulating which bulk saddles should be included.
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Astrophysics of Galaxies
Snapshots of r-process production in the Milky Way disk
Sarah G. Kane, Stephanie Monty, Madeleine McKenzie et al. (+9 more)
Stars enhanced in heavy
neutron capture elements like europium (Eu) provide a window into the rarest and most exotic nucleosynthetic events. Most Eu-enhanced
stars discovered thus far are found among metal-poor populations, with $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}<-1.0$. Here, we report the discovery of $17$ vetted Eu-enhanced
stars ($\mathrm{[Eu/Fe]}>0.7$) in the Milky Way disk with
metallicities in the range $-0.87<\mathrm{[Fe/H]}<-0.21$ identified from among $74\,717$
stars in the GALAH survey. 14 of these
stars additionally have $\mathrm{[Ba/Eu]}<0$, marking enhancement from the rapid
neutron capture ($r$-) process and making these r-II
stars. Included in their number is a
star with a remarkably high $\mathrm{[Eu/H]}=1.01\pm0.09$ at $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}=-0.21$. In addition to Eu, all 17
stars show enhancements in other
neutron capture elements, especially in Nd, while otherwise appearing chemically consistent with typical disk
stars, particularly in their $\alpha$-element abundances. Two of the Eu-enhanced
stars exhibit indications of binarity with strong enrichment in Ba and Y, marking potential signatures of the slow or intermediate
neutron capture processes. This sample of 17 Eu-enhanced
stars, which span both the high- and low-$\alpha$ disks, are valuable tracers of
neutron capture processes, including the $r$-process, at high
metallicities. Although we use criteria for Eu-enhanced
stars typically applied to the
halo to enable comparison to literature studies of $r$-process enhanced
stars, we propose a new,
metallicity-dependent selection for Eu enhancement that is better-suited to the regime of the
Galactic disk.
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All authors Sarah G. Kane, Stephanie Monty, Madeleine McKenzie, HanYuan Zhang, Sven Buder, Terese Hansen, Tadafumi Matsuno, Jason Sanders, Anke Ardern-Arentsen, Vasily Belokurov, Zofia Kaczmarek, Andrew Garner
Physics and Society · Cross-listed from cs.SI
Group dynamics of engagement with AI topics on Bluesky
Bradley Huynh, Moyi Tian and Nancy Rodríguez
Social media increasingly shapes everyday life, serving as both a central venue for discussion of major events and a space where online collective behavior can spill over into real-world activity, while artificial intelligence (AI) is likewise becoming increasingly influential across society. Understanding how different online communities respond to AI-related events, and disentangling the mechanisms underlying the development of such engagement, are therefore increasingly important for studying information spreading and the societal reception of AI. Our work addresses the limited connection between empirical studies of AI-related online engagement and mathematical modeling of group-level spreading dynamics. We develop a framework to collect and organize empirical Bluesky activity into distinct user groups, then use a network-based dynamics model to investigate the mechanisms underlying their engagement. We use the release of DeepSeek R1 as a case study under two complementary grouping schemes: AI-related communities and academic disciplines. For each group, we fit a network-based Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR)-type model augmented with an exogenous engagement term, allowing us to quantify the relative strengths of endogenous network-driven spreading and direct external response. Across groups, we find that strong direct responses to the event do not necessarily coincide with strong network-driven propagation, revealing distinct engagement patterns that may be obscured by aggregate activity alone.
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Lattice Field Theory
A parameter independent analysis of the QCD chiral phase transition and its universal critical behaviour
Jishnu Goswami, Frithjof Karsch, Sabarnya Mitra et al. (+1 more)
We make use of unique properties of scaling functions to estimate the
chiral phase transition temperature and corresponding universal critical parameters of this phase transition directly from (2+1)-
flavor QCD simulations with highly improved staggered
fermions on
lattices with temporal extent $N_\tau=8$. Working with an improved
chiral order parameter for quantifying
chiral symmetry breaking, we analyze the finite-volume dependence of this observable for a wide range of
lattice volumes and light
quark masses, and quantitatively estimate the deviations from the expected universal scaling behaviour as a function of the light-to-strange
quark mass ratio.
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All authors Jishnu Goswami, Frithjof Karsch, Sabarnya Mitra, Christian Schmidt
Mathematical Physics
Coherent energy cascades in nonlinear disordered Hamiltonians
Anxo Biasi, Brad Cownden, Oleg Evnin et al. (+1 more)
The familiar wave kinetic theory revolves around turbulent energy cascades characterized by random phases of the individual normal modes. By contrast, recent years have revealed turbulent cascades where the transfer of energy is mediated by phase-coherent dynamics. Such coherent cascades have been previously established in deterministic systems with a tightly controlled algebraic structure of the mode interactions, such as nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Here, we show that the presence of phase-coherent cascades is robust with respect to substantial alterations of the mode couplings. We prove that, in infinite-dimensional resonant
Hamiltonian systems with fully resonant normal mode spectra and random nonlinear couplings, a structured subset of couplings — an infinitesimal fraction of the total — suffices to support coherent cascades characterized by phase
alignment, the formation of power-law spectra, and either unbounded growth of Sobolev norms or a finite-time blow-up. Numerical simulations further demonstrate the emergence of coherent cascades from random initial data through a process of phase locking, suggesting a mechanism for their emergence in broader classes of initial data and systems. We thus show that disordered mode interactions can sustain, rather than block, coherent energy transport across arbitrarily distant scales.
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All authors Anxo Biasi, Brad Cownden, Oleg Evnin, Alvaro Iturbe Jabaloyes
Quantum Physics
Entanglement spectrum and magic in higher-dimensional free fermionic systems
Beatrice Magni, Daniele Iannotti and Riccardo Travaglino
We study fermionic non-local magic in higher-dimensional free-
fermion systems through the lens of the
entanglement spectrum. For translationally invariant Gaussian states in strip geometries, dimensional reduction maps the problem to independent lower-dimensional momentum sectors, leading in two dimensions to a multiplicative logarithmic violation of the boundary law analogous to Gioev-Klich-Widom scaling. We further show that the second Rényi fermionic non-local magic is bounded by the capacity of
entanglement and introduce an
entanglement-temperature deformation that probes the low-energy structure of the
entanglement Hamiltonian. Applied to the matter-Majorana sector of the Kitaev model, this response is exponentially suppressed in the Abelian phase and algebraic in the non-Abelian phase, where its ratio with the capacity approaches a universal constant. Out of
equilibrium, we extend the quasi-particle description to fermionic non-local magic in higher-dimensional quenches and show that random Gaussian
circuits exhibit diffusive spreading in two spatial dimensions.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Infrared Subtraction with Artificial Intelligence
Wenjie He, Xiaohui Liu, Yandong Liu et al. (+1 more)
We present AI-developed local infrared subtraction, building on projection to Born and EFT matching. The framework separates an integrable radiation term from a finite contribution at Born kinematics, referred to as the Born contact. The contact is determined using the EFT singular distribution in a resolution observable such as N-jettiness $\tau_N$. Under human physics guidance, an LLM develops two implementations. One uses a neural network for phase space projection and fits the contact by matching to EFT cumulants. The other uses an analytic construction that keeps the Born momenta fixed while integrating over radiation. It combines the EFT $\delta(\tau_N)$ coefficient with finite 4-dimensional radiation integrals to calculate the contact term directly. This gives a local subtraction formula without a slicing parameter, while reusing existing lower-order radiation calculations and EFT singular predictions. As a demonstration, we reconstruct the full NLO correction for massless 3- and 4-jet production in electron-positron annihilation. The attempt to the NNLO dijet production is also made by recursively using the NLO P2B construction with the LLM designing machine-learning controls to reduce the variance of the contact integral. The tested predictions are in good agreement with EERAD3. The numerical calculation and projection-network training use a 2020 Apple M1 MacBook, without GPU acceleration, illustrating the feasibility of the construction with modest computing resources. The appendices develop an extension of the local subtraction to 3-jet NNLO, giving explicit radiation maps and a proposed contact formula. We also show how to integrate over NNLO radiation while keeping the Born momenta fixed, for any number of massless final-state jets. Our results demonstrate how AI can help higher-order calculations by constructing infrared subtraction and improving its numerical integration.
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All authors Wenjie He, Xiaohui Liu, Yandong Liu, Zhan Wang
Quantum Physics
Fast Hamiltonian engineering from cut polytope geometry
Thomas Joachim Friese, Özgün Kum, Aram W. Harrow et al. (+1 more)
Hamiltonian engineering (HE) simulates
quantum dynamics under a target
Hamiltonian using a native entangling system
Hamiltonian and restricted control, with applications from
quantum gate design to analog
quantum simulation. Observing that, for many systems, formulating HE as a linear program only requires specific commutation relations between the control pulses and the system
Hamiltonian, we provide a unified framework for broad classes of $2$-local
qubit, qudit, and fermionic systems. We reformulate time-optimal HE as a complex $k$-cut polytope problem, with $k$ the number of distinct phases in these commutation relations, and prove it NP-complete for every finite $k$. We therefore relax the polytope to the elliptope and apply a Krivine-type rounding, yielding pulses informed by the system and target
Hamiltonians, which we then use in a linear program. We derive how many informed pulses are necessary and sufficient for the linear program to be reliably feasible. Additionally mixing in uniformly sampled pulses guarantees a solution close to the relaxation value from $\mathrm{O}(m)$ pulses, with $m$ the number of interaction terms. Together with upper and lower bounds on the optimal
quantum run time, this yields an $\mathrm{O}(\sqrt{m})$ approximation ratio. In
benchmarks on a fully connected Ising model, a
chiral clock model for qudits, and the fermionic Harper-Hofstadter model, our approach attains near-optimal
quantum run times wherever the optimum is computable, reaches run times that saturate with the
lattice size in the fermionic case, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods with $\mathrm{O}(m)$ pulses. This establishes a unified approach with provable guarantees to the automatic programming of analog
quantum simulators.
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All authors Thomas Joachim Friese, Özgün Kum, Aram W. Harrow, Martin Kliesch