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Physics

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Monday 21 September

High Energy Physics (Theory)

Hidden symmetries and the universality of Hawking radiation

Ivan Pérez-Castro and Abdel Pérez-Lorenzana

Quantum tunneling of particles across a black hole (BH) horizon provides an intuitive interpretation of Hawking radiation (HR), yielding a conceptually simple derivation of the thermal spectrum within a semiclassical framework. However, for BHs obeying the no-hair theorem, usual implementations of the complex-path (Hamilton-Jacobi) method typically rely on approximating the metric near the BH horizon. In this work, we demonstrate that the Hawking spectrum can be derived without such approximations by exploiting gauge invariance in quantum field theory and the separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation arising from hidden symmetries of these spacetimes. This perspective shows explicitly why the BH behaves as an effective $(1+1)$-dimensional blackbody at the event horizon, provides the conditions needed to extend the HR to higher-spin particles, and offers a framework that can naturally incorporate back-reaction and quantum-gravity effects.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

On Energy References when a Magnetic Field is Applied. A Practical Guide to Reference Energies with and without a Magnetic Field

Pedro Pereyra

We present a simple analysis of the energy references and of the magnetic-field-dependent and system-dependent features of the Landau energy levels. The energy reference used in describing Landau quantization is usually taken as given, with the Fermi levels of the electron system and the coupled reservoir aligned in thermal equilibrium. Nevertheless, the dependence of the Landau-level spectrum on magnetic field can make the relation between these energy references less transparent. In this work, we show that when a magnetic field is applied and the confined Landau levels $E_n$ are established, both the Fermi level $E_F$ and the bottom energy $E_0$ remain fixed when the magnetic field varies. We show that the bottom energy $E_0$ is independent of $B$, and determined by a system-dependent field $B_1$, defined by the condition that the first Landau level equals the Fermi energy. In contrast, the minimum of the parabolic well depends explicitly on the magnetic field. The resulting picture provides a simple way of displaying the relative motion of the Landau levels and the fixed Fermi level without introducing a magnetic-field-dependent energy zero.
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Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Massive stars in the SDSS-V survey: New O2 stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

A. Roman-Lopes, J. G. Fernández-Trincado, Marina Kounkel et al. (+7 more)

{O2 stars define the hottest end of the normal O-star sequence, but their identification requires blue-optical nitrogen diagnostics absent from many surveys.} {We reassess three luminous Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) sources with multi-epoch Sloan Digital Sky Survey V (SDSS-V) spectroscopy obtained with the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) spectrographs: \wsi, \lh, and \sk.} {We measure visit-resolved radial velocities and H, He, and N equivalent widths (EWs), compare robust combinations with LMC O2 templates at a common effective resolution, and use OSTAR2002 spectral energy distribution (SED) fits and a Gaia colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) as broad-band checks.} {The weighted $\log|{\rm EW}(\niv~\lambda4058)/{\rm EW}(\niii~\lambda4640)|$ values are $0.64\pm0.29$, $0.48\pm0.23$, and $0.34\pm0.44$ for \wsi, \lh, and \sk. The detection of \nv~$\lambda\lambda4604,4620$ supports the O2~If$^\ast$ and O2~V–III classifications adopted for \wsi\ and \lh, respectively. For \sk, the uncertain \niv/\niii\ ratio and non-detection of \nv\ motivate O2–3~V–III. Weak \hei~$\lambda4471$ may indicate unresolved later-type contamination in \wsi\ and \sk. The radial velocities of \sk\ show suggestive but non-significant variability. OSTAR2002 fits over 45–55~kK and the Gaia CMD place all three sources in the luminous very-early-O regime; \wsi\ shows a strong mid-infrared (MIR) excess, \lh\ is nearly photospheric, and \sk\ shows only a modest $3$–$8\,\mu$m excess.} {The BOSS spectra add \wsi\ and \lh\ to the LMC very-early-O population and identify \sk\ as an additional O2–3 source. These cases show how incomplete blue coverage and ambiguous catalogue associations can conceal the hottest massive stars.}
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All authors A. Roman-Lopes, J. G. Fernández-Trincado, Marina Kounkel, A. A. C. Sander, Carlos G. Román-Zúñiga, A. Z. Lugo-Aranda, Sergio Sánchez-Sanjuán, Abhinna Sundar Samantaray, José Eduardo Méndez Delgado, Christian Moni Bidin

Quantum Physics · Cross-listed from math.FA

Sharper Bounds for the Complex Grothendieck Constant

Steven Heilman, Chris Jones and Giulio Malavolta

We show that $1.4<K_G^{\mathbb{C}}<1.404898554746$, where $K_G^{\mathbb{C}}$ is the complex Grothendieck constant. The upper bound improves on Haagerup's bound of $1.40490913\ldots$ from 1987, and the lower bound improves on Davie's bound of $1.33807$ from 1984. The upper bound combines ideas from the real and noncommutative complex cases of Grothendieck's inequality.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Analytical and spectral characterization of floral patterns in higher-order polynomial pp-waves

F. L. Carneiro, H. P. de Carvalho, L. A. Cabral et al. (+1 more)

We investigate analytically and numerically the floral deformation of particle rings induced by higher-order polynomial modes of pp-waves. The transverse tidal eigendirections determine $m$ interlaced sectors of radial stretching and compression, while a weak-pulse solution provides the complete first-order response of the ring. Direct geodesic integration for $m=2,3,4$ confirms the predicted orientation and discrete symmetry. A Fourier analysis shows that the response remains overwhelmingly dominated by the angular mode $n=m$; in particular, the loops found for $m=4$ arise from geometrical folding of the fundamental mode rather than strong harmonic mixing. The temporal moments of the pulse further distinguish displacement from velocity memory without changing this angular signature.
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All authors F. L. Carneiro, H. P. de Carvalho, L. A. Cabral, M. P. Lobo

Quantum Physics

Random Gaussian Augmented Matrix Product States

Stavya Puri, Poetri Sonya Tarabunga and Piotr Sierant

Strong entanglement limits the reach of tensor-network descriptions of quantum many-body systems. We study Gaussian-augmented matrix product states (GAMPS), formed by applying a free-fermionic (Gaussian) unitary to a matrix product state. To explore the capabilities of this family, we consider random GAMPS}, a minimally structured ensemble obtained by independently sampling random matrix product states and Gaussian unitaries. Exploiting the algebraic structure of Gaussian unitaries, we develop a replica tensor-network method that computes averages over the random GAMPS ensemble for hundreds of qubits. Random GAMPS exhibit nearly maximal volume-law entanglement already at modest bond dimension, while other quantum resource quantifiers rapidly approach Haar-random state values as the bond dimension increases. The entanglement scaling suggests an exponential reduction in the bond dimension needed to approach the volume-law entropy compared with unaugmented matrix product states. We find a state two-design behavior of random GAMPS at fixed accuracy with a bond dimension independent of system size. Our results reveal how Gaussian augmentation expands the expressive power of tensor networks.
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Atomic Physics

A low-cost modular FPGA-based control system for neutral atom tweezer arrays

Zeyu Ye, Varun Jorapur, Francesco Granato et al. (+6 more)

We present the Quantum Atom Control Kit (QuACK), a low-cost FPGA-based control system that provides memory-efficient precise signal timing and low-delay measurement-based decision making for operating neutral atom optical tweezer array experiments. The system consists of an FPGA module connected to a host computer via USB 3.0 and multiple cable-connected modular daughterboards enabling a myriad of configurable I/O formats. In this work, digital input and output as well as analog outputs are demonstrated. Multiple experimental sequence segments can be encoded with 5 ns timing resolution. On-chip condition kernels enable fast branching between segments based on digital inputs, eliminating host intervention for time-critical decisions, while high-speed USB communication allows rapid sequence updates and host-level orchestration. We demonstrate initial system loading and rearranging neutral ytterbium-171 atoms in optical tweezers. The combination of high-resolution timing, on-chip logic, and distributed orchestration architecture makes this system well suited for atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) experiments pursuing applications in quantum information science.
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All authors Zeyu Ye, Varun Jorapur, Francesco Granato, Wanda Lindquist, David Peana, Isaac Both, Mouhamed Mbengue, Peter Mueller, Michael Bishof

Astrophysics of Galaxies

PEGASUS (Pfs Emission-line GAlaxy SUrvey with Subaru): I. Three-dimensional large-scale structures at $z > 1$ probed with emission-line galaxies

Mariko Kubo, Tadayuki Kodama, Rhythm Shimakawa et al. (+16 more)

To comprehensively understand the environmental effects on galaxy evolution, it is crucial to precisely map the distribution and thoroughly examine the properties of galaxies, including low-mass building blocks. Deep narrow-band imaging observations conducted with Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope systematically probed the distribution of low-mass star-forming galaxies as H$\alpha$, [O {\footnotesize II}], and [O {\footnotesize III}] emission-line galaxies at $0.4\leq z\leq1.6$. We perform a comprehensive spectroscopic follow-up observation of these emission-line galaxies with narrow-band-based emission-line fluxes $\geq 2\times10^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ within $\approx1.8$ deg$^2$ area centered on the COSMOS field using `Ōnohi`ula - Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) on the Subaru Telescope. In this paper, we outline the data product and present the large-scale structures at $z>1$. 9079 out of 9917 of the targets are observed, and the redshifts of 92%~of the observed targets are successfully confirmed. We survey groups, filamentary large-scale structures, and voids at $z=1.19$, $1.47$, and $1.60$ based on the three-dimensional distribution of $520-920$ [O {\footnotesize II}] emission-line galaxies with stellar masses $M_\star\geq10^{9.5}~M_{\odot}$ at each redshift. Groups with halo masses $1\times10^{12}-6\times10^{13}~M_{\odot}$ are identified along the filaments, whereas the most massive groups are located at the densest intersections of filaments as predicted by cosmological simulations. Voids hidden on the surface density maps are robustly extracted on the volume density map. Our spectroscopic sample provides a powerful basis for quantifying the evolution of galaxies along the diverse environments back in time toward cosmic noon epoch in forthcoming papers.
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All authors Mariko Kubo, Tadayuki Kodama, Rhythm Shimakawa, Yusei Koyama, Masato Onodera, Akio K. Inoue, Hisakazu Uchiyama, Tohru Nagao, Ken-ichi Tadaki, Ronaldo Laishram, Ryoma Wagatsuma, Chen Nuo, Haruka Kusakabe, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuma Sugahara, Kentaro Motohara, Kazuki Daikuhara, Ken Osato, Yongming Liang

Fluid Dynamics

Physics-constrained identification of near-flutter aeroelastic damping from finite records

Carlos Domingo M'endez

Near flutter, modal frequency can be well resolved from accumulated phase while the sign of a small modal growth rate remains uncertain because the response envelope changes only weakly over a finite record. This work tests whether a validated physical relation between frequency and damping can exploit the better-resolved phase information to improve near-flutter stability identification. A coupling-audited SU2 Euler campaign for a modified Isogai-parameterized NACA 64A010 section at Mach 0.85 is subjected to systematic grid and temporal verification, multichannel critical-pole tracking, bootstrap trajectory closure, finite-record information analysis, and nonlinear Monte Carlo validation. The temporal study shows that 50 steps per structural period predict the wrong damping sign although frequency is already close to the finer solutions. The verified critical trajectory gives a flutter-speed index of 0.537665 and a local frequency-to-damping slope of 3.754. Restricting a free pole estimate to this trajectory gives an approximately 3.89-fold damping-precision gain, reproduced by Monte Carlo with a median RMSE gain of 3.915. At a representative operating offset and 30 dB amplitude SNR, the minimum tested record exceeding 95% correct-sign probability decreases from 15 to 5 cycles. Physically validated pole trajectories can therefore substantially reduce the observation time required for reliable near-boundary aeroelastic stability identification.
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Computational Physics · Cross-listed from cs.LG

Predictive Uncertainty for Neural CAE Surrogates

Kaustubh Tangsali, Mohammad Amin Nabian, Kelvin Lee et al. (+2 more)

Neural surrogates can substantially accelerate computer-aided engineering (CAE) workflows, but their use in design requires uncertainty estimates that remain meaningful across varying geometries, spatial prediction fields, and engineering quantities of interest. We investigate how established uncertainty quantification (UQ) approaches behave when adapted to geometry-conditioned neural surrogates. We compare one closed-form and two sampling-based approaches-a Gaussian process (GP)-based method, concrete Monte Carlo (MC) dropout, and deep ensembles-and evaluate them on three large, industry-relevant CAE datasets for external aerodynamics and crash dynamics. We examine whether predicted uncertainties have credible magnitudes, identify locations with larger prediction errors, respond to unfamiliar inputs, and remain informative for derived engineering quantities. On the DrivAerStar dataset, where all three methods are compared, each generally assigns higher uncertainty to locations with larger prediction errors, and validation-based rescaling brings interval coverage close to nominal on a disjoint in-distribution test set. Results on AirFRANS and automotive crash also show useful error ranking and interval estimates, but the relative performance of the methods changes with the dataset and evaluation criterion. UQ methods and evaluation metrics should therefore be selected based on the intended downstream CAE decision.
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All authors Kaustubh Tangsali, Mohammad Amin Nabian, Kelvin Lee, Carmelo Gonzales, Sanjay Choudhry

Materials Science

Ultrafast Dissipative Localization of Electronic Energy in AuPt Superlattices

C. Walz, M. Mattern, J.-E. Pudell et al. (+15 more)

Controlling the spatial distribution of absorbed optical energy is central to nanoscale photothermal chemistry, plasmonics, and ultrafast materials control. Here, we show that a metallic AuPt superlattice concentrates electronic energy in Pt within a few hundred femtoseconds, regardless of the initial energy distribution between the two constituents. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction follows this energy redistribution through the amplitude of a coherent 570 GHz superlattice phonon driven by the stress imbalance at the AuPt interfaces. Despite the nearly homogeneous absorption at 400 nm, the observed lattice motion is identical to that produced by 800 nm excitation, which is absorbed predominantly in Pt. This dissipation driven localization of energy arises from the large electronic heat capacity of Pt and rapid electronic transport through the superlattice, providing a route to femtosecond control of nanoscale energy distributions.
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All authors C. Walz, M. Mattern, J.-E. Pudell, J. Jarecki, L. Mehner, F.-C. Weber, F. Baltrusch, S. P. Zeuschner, M. Herzog, B. Ahn, J. C. Ekström, D. Kroon, A. Jurgilaitis, J. Larsson, M. Kronseder, D. Schick, A. von Reppert, M. Bargheer

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Coherent lattice dynamics distinguish Holstein and Su-Schrieffer-Heeger electron-phonon coupling

Debshikha Banerjee, Jinu Thomas, G. Alvarez et al. (+3 more)

Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy provides a powerful means to investigate electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions in strongly correlated systems. Nevertheless, the question of how different microscopic e-ph coupling mechanisms influence the lattice's nonequilibrium response has not been widely addressed. We perform time-dependent density matrix renormalization group simulations on a pumped one-dimensional Mott insulator coupled to phonons through either Holstein or Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) interactions. The electronic responses of the two models are qualitatively similar in the Mott-insulating regime and are governed by the same excitations and resonance conditions of the Hubbard model. In contrast, the lattice dynamics of the two models differ substantially. While the Hubbard-Holstein model exhibits long-lived coherent phonon oscillations when the pump resonates with the bare phonon frequency, no such oscillations are observed for the Hubbard-SSH model. These contrasting responses remain robust against changes in phonon frequency and pump parameters, suggesting that coherent lattice dynamics can provide a direct nonequilibrium probe of the microscopic form of e-ph coupling.
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All authors Debshikha Banerjee, Jinu Thomas, G. Alvarez, T. P. Devereaux, T. A. Maier, S. Johnston

Astrophysics of Galaxies

CHASE Spectral Survey I: Measuring Contamination in the Color-selected J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch Distance Indicator

Siyang Li, Alexei V. Filippenko, Arief Ahmad et al. (+11 more)

The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) method for distance measurements uses the near uniform luminosity of carbon-rich AGB stars as a standard candle. Its application rests on an assumed but rarely examined premise: the stars contained in the JAGB color-magnitude selection box are primarily carbon-rich AGB stars. We investigate the purity of the photometric selection in the Milky Way with an optical spectroscopic survey (~3590-7150 $\mathring{A}$) called CHASE (Carbon stars, Hubble tension, And Spectroscopic Exploration of JAGB populations) using the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory. These stars are classified using molecular bandhead step indices, which recover 100% of known classifications. We report the observations of 76 stars (54 within the standard JAGB selection box of 1.5 < J - K < 2.0 mag) and find only 13 of 54 stars are carbon-rich, a 76$\pm$6 oxygen-rich contamination under blind photometric selection. This contamination remains high (71%) even within $\pm$0.4 mag of the JAGB peak itself, showing it is not confined to the edges of the selection box. This inhomogeneity may explain why recent literature find field-to-field and methodological variations of 0.1-0.2 mag that now dominate its systematic error budget. These variations could be caused, in part, by inhomogeneous stellar populations that consist of differing spectral types, and hence differing mean magnitudes.
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All authors Siyang Li, Alexei V. Filippenko, Arief Ahmad, Adam G. Riess, Stefano Casertano, Thomas G. Brink, Richard Anderson, Caroline D. Huang, Louise Breuval, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Gracelynn Jost, Yash Mehta, Elaina Sadler, Julian Shapiro

Plasma Physics

Why MHD turbulence forms sheets: energy conversion and cascade geometry

Damiano Capocci and Moritz Linkmann

Sheet-like structures are ubiquitous in magnetohydrodynamic systems and are known to play a crucial role in astrophysical plasma transport. Here, by applying a theoretical framework to data from numerical simulations, we demonstrate that current-sheet formation is a direct consequence of energy conversion between kinetic and magnetic fields. The strain-magnetic field organisation associated with this conversion favours the emergence of sheet-like structures, and analytical calculations show that sheet-like geometry constitutes the dominant flow configuration. We further show that the same conversion-driven reorganisation of the strain motion is responsible for the depletion of the mean Inertial energy transfer, a previously observed phenomenon whose physical origin has remained unclear. Finally, we identify experimentally accessible diagnostics through which these predictions can be tested in multi-spacecraft observations of turbulent plasmas.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Observation of the magnetic spin Hall effect in a ferromagnet

Nicholas Davey-García, Jone Mencos, Luciano Bravo et al. (+4 more)

The conventional spin Hall effect generates spin currents whose flow direction, spin polarization, and driving electric field are mutually perpendicular. Magnetic order lifts this symmetry restriction and enables additional time-reversal-symmetry-odd components of the spin-conductivity tensor, giving rise to the magnetic spin Hall effect (MSHE). These components also couple the generated spin polarization to the magnetic order, providing a degree of control absent in the conventional spin Hall effect. Although the MSHE has been observed in antiferromagnets, its experimental identification in conventional ferromagnets has remained elusive. Here, using a non-local lateral spin-valve geometry, we electrically identify the MSHE and its reciprocal effect in a perpendicularly magnetized Co-based multilayer. Reversal of the multilayer magnetization reverses the MSHE and magnetic inverse spin Hall signals, revealing their time-reversal-symmetry-odd character and magnetization control. By contrast, the conventional spin Hall and inverse spin Hall signals measured in the same devices remain unchanged under magnetization reversal, consistent with their time-reversal-symmetry-even character. We obtain a magnetic spin Hall angle of $\theta_{\mathrm{MSH}} = (3.8 \pm 0.6)\%$, comparable in magnitude to the spin Hall angle of heavy metals commonly used in spintronic devices, such as Pt. These results establish the MSHE as a sizable, magnetically switchable spin-charge interconversion mechanism in conventional ferromagnets.
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All authors Nicholas Davey-García, Jone Mencos, Luciano Bravo, Inge Groen, Luis E. Hueso, Andreas Berger, Fèlix Casanova

Soft Condensed Matter

Statistical signatures of microorganism motility under environmental stress

Luiza Treichel Mossi, Nicole Mazzitelli Narvaz, Larissa da Silva Bento et al. (+6 more)

The motility of microorganisms provides a natural framework for studying active matter and its response to environmental perturbations. We experimentally investigate the trajectories of Paramecium caudatum and Artemia salina under controlled conditions. Using video microscopy, we reconstruct individual trajectories over time. Beyond baseline conditions, we analyze stressed environments where P. caudatum are exposed to a toxic agent and A. salina are placed in distilled water. To characterize the motion, we compute trajectory-based metrics, including mean square displacement, velocity distributions, persistence times, tortuosity, and radius of gyration. These observables quantify changes in motility patterns across species and conditions. To interpret the dynamics, we develop coarse-grained stochastic models parameterized directly from experimental data. P. caudatum is described within a run-and-tumble framework, including reversal events under stress. In contrast, A. salina requires a run-and-tumble-like description with persistent orientational noise, accounting for continuous directional fluctuations during runs. The models reproduce the main trajectory-level observables used for comparison, namely tortuosity and radius of gyration. This combined approach provides insight into how environmental stress modifies locomotion statistics. Our results highlight systematic differences in the statistical signatures of motion, suggesting that trajectory metrics may serve as indicators of physiological stress. This work provides an accessible framework for active matter experiments where individual-level statistics can be directly measured and modeled.
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All authors Luiza Treichel Mossi, Nicole Mazzitelli Narvaz, Larissa da Silva Bento, Roger Modena, Bernardo Boatini, Amalia Garcez, Leonardo Gregory Brunnet, Alexandre Arenzon, Carolina Brito

Soft Condensed Matter

Self-limited stacking of non-Euclidean colloidal shells: From saddles to caps

Kyle T. Sullivan, Mark J. Stevens and Gregory M. Grason

The presence of geometric frustration in self-assemblies, stemming from a shape misfit between identical subunits, can lead to the spontaneous formation of finite-sized structures known as self-limitation. Recently proposed models of curved, colloidal shells, dubbed "curvamers", that form one-dimensional stacks have shown curvature-induced frustration to be a promising class of particle designs for engineering self-limiting assembly. However, existing models of curvamer assembly considered only cylindrically curved shells where elastic costs are derived purely from bending. Here, we study the self-limiting behavior of a more general class of curvature-frustrated colloidal shells, extending shapes to include non-Euclidean geometries such as spherical caps and saddles whose deformations can also incur stretching costs. We introduce continuum mechanical and discrete, coarse-grained models of shell stacks to study how qualitatively different intra-assembly strain gradients required for each geometry affect the buildup of super-extensive elastic costs. We find the accumulation of elastic energies in non-Euclidean shell stacks is sensitive to shell thickness via a dimensionless quantity related to the Foppl-von Karman number that characterizes the relative strength of stretching to bending. In particular, thin shells penalize stretching more causing faster elastic energy growth resulting in the suppression of self-limitation with sizes generally largest for cylindrical shells, smallest for spherical caps and intermediate for saddles. We additionally find that while thin spherical caps experience the strongest elastic penalties, the rapidly increasing rate of elastic penalties in stacks of saddles lead to a robust size-selection as inter-particle binding strength grows as well as relatively smaller dispersity in self-limiting stack size in comparison to cylindrical and spherical curvamers.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

A Systematic Study of Resonance-Driven Flux Modifications in Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals

Edoardo Levati, Lennox S. Keeble and Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño

Transient orbital resonances can introduce phase-dependent corrections to the evolution of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), potentially altering their long-term dynamics and emitted gravitational-wave signals. In this work, we quantify the resonance-induced modifications to the energy, axial angular momentum, and Carter constant fluxes and compute the corresponding resonance coefficients across a broad region of the orbital parameter space. Using the publicly available $\texttt{pybhpt}$ code, we solve the Teukolsky equation in the frequency domain to coherently combine the degenerate radial and polar harmonics that arise at resonance. We analytically derive a selection rule governing the relative radial-polar phase dependence of the resonant flux modifications. We argue that the relative strength of the resonant flux modifications reflects a balance between symmetry-induced cancellations and the degree to which the resonant orbit samples the underlying two-dimensional orbital phase space. For the dynamically important $3{:}2$ and $2{:}1$ resonances, we also characterize how the resonance coefficients vary with the primary black-hole spin, orbital eccentricity and inclination. Our results constitute the largest set of Teukolsky-based resonance coefficients calculated to date and provide essential input for future studies of transient orbital resonances in EMRIs.
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Mathematical Physics

On soliton asymptotics for Maxwell–Lorentz equations with rotating particle

Elena Kopylova

We consider the 2D Maxwell–Lorentz equations with an extended charged rotating particle. The system admits soliton solutions corresponding to a particle moving with a constant velocity and rotating with a constant angular velocity. Our main result is the asymptotic stability of the solitons.
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Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Cross-Bispectrum Constraints from HI Intensity Mapping and Galaxy Surveys

Warren Naidoo, Moumita Aich and Kavilan Moodley

Future neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping (IM) and optical surveys probe large-scale structure over unprecedented volumes, offering powerful constraints on cosmological models. We study the cross-correlation between the HI IM field and the galaxy density and cosmic shear fields from optical surveys. By formulating the HI-HI-galaxy and HI-HI-shear cross-bispectra, we recover sensitivity to long-wavelength radial modes otherwise removed by foreground subtraction in HI maps, evaluating their detectability for HIRAX and Rubin-LSST. Combining the probes breaks degeneracies in redshift-dependent quantities, including the $f$-$\sigma_8$ degeneracy. Our constraints range from $0.74\%$ to $9.8\%$ on $f$ and $0.073\%$ to $3.5\%$ on $\sigma_8$ across the six redshift bins that we consider. Our constraints on the first- and second-order HI bias parameters range from $0.42\%$ to $5.6\%$ on $b_{\rm HI}^{(1)}$ and from $2.0\%$ to $29\%$ on $b_{\rm HI}^{(2)}$, while the galaxy bias constraints range from $2.6\%$ to $11\%$ on $b_{\rm gal}.$ The HI-HI-galaxy density cross-bispectrum measurement allows us to constrain a linear scale-dependent model for the stochastic cross-correlation coefficient between HI and stars, $r_{{\rm HI \,HI\,}\delta_g} = r_0 + r_1 k,$ with a break scale of $0.14\,\mbox{Mpc}^{-1}.$ We obtain $r_0$ constraints that range from $3.8\%$ to $13.5\%$ and $r_1$ constraints that range from $7.5\%$ to $19.9\%$. For cosmology, adding cross-bispectra enhances Lambda CDM constraints, notably via the HI-HI-shear cross-bispectrum. For the $w_0\, w_a$CDM model, the power-spectrum-only constraints on $w_0$ and $w_a,$ including Planck priors, improve from $(\sigma_{w_0},\sigma_{w_a})=(0.036,0.15)$ and $(0.032,0.12)$ to $(\sigma_{w_0},\sigma_{w_a})=(0.014,0.057)$ and $(0.015,0.059)$ when adding the HI-HI-galaxy and HI-HI-shear cross-bispectra, respectively.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Cosmology in sixth-order higher-derivative theories of gravity

Carlos Aguilar, Manuel Asorey, Diego Muñoz et al. (+1 more)

We analyze the cosmological implications of theories of gravity with quadratic curvature invariants $R^2$ and $C^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}C_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}$, and six-derivative operators $R\Box R$ and $C^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\Box C_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}$. We first analyze homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solutions, showing that the theory admits expanding, recollapsing and non-singular bouncing solutions. We clarify in the Einstein-frame formulation the mechanism that circumvents the Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems, and identify the role played by the additional higher-derivative degrees of freedom in that mechanism. We show that the complete set of linear equations governing tensor perturbations on standard backgrounds admit analytically stable solutions. The analysis reveals that the stability properties are determined by the pole structure of the propagator and by specific relations among the higher-derivative couplings, while the singularity-free backgrounds are found to be unstable against tensor perturbations. For scalar cosmological perturbations, the higher-derivative theories presents super-horizon scalar instabilities in de Sitter spacetimes for both quadratic and sixth-order gravity. To extract inflationary observables, we adopt an EFT approach to the sixth-order theory, treating these terms as perturbative corrections around the Starobinsky background. Within this framework, we compute the modification of the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra, obtaining predictions for the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio. We find that sixth-order operators produce controlled deviations from the Starobinsky model while preserving the EFT expansion, thereby providing a consistent phenomenological framework to probe ultraviolet gravitational corrections through cosmological observables.
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All authors Carlos Aguilar, Manuel Asorey, Diego Muñoz, Miguel Pardina

Strongly Correlated Electrons

Lattice in Line: Optimized DMRG ordering for complex lattice geometries

Roman Rausch

The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a one-dimensional tensor-network technique, but it is not limited to one-dimensional systems: it can be applied to periodic 2D and 3D clusters and molecules, provided their sites are first enumerated along a line; a step one may call "lattice compilation". This paper discusses three proxy loss functions for finding this optimal enumeration: the graph bandwidth $B$ (maximum interaction range), the cutwidth $C$ (maximum number of bonds crossing a cut), and the average interaction range $R$. Constructing the Hamiltonian MPO (matrix-product operator) for a large set of clusters that are of interest in frustrated magnetism, I find that $C$ determines the peak SU(2) Heisenberg MPO bond dimension and $R$ the average one. Targeting $(C,R)$ lexicographically yields the best energies. Targeting $B$ indirectly reduces $C$, but not as efficiently as targeting $C$ directly. Otherwise, the value of $B$ itself is largely irrelevant in the sense that good DMRG energies can have large $B$. To perform the optimization, classic heuristics (e.g. reverse Cuthill–McKee) prove unreliable even for small clusters, and I find that a QUBO formulation improves them only marginally. Instead I propose a staged optimization built on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and constraint-programming (CP) solvers, chiefly CP-SAT of Google's OR-Tools, a hybrid of CP propagation and SAT clause learning. This approach yields significantly better orderings together with rigorous bounds. The corresponding Lattice in Line code is available at https://github.com/spinflip/lattice_in_line and was designed with extensive use of the Fable 5 large language model.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Spin-spin correlations in $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ pair production at the SPD experiment at NICA

D. Gubachev and A. Guskov

Recent measurements by the STAR collaboration have demonstrated that spin correlations of $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ pairs provide sensitivity to the spin structure of $s\bar{s}$ pairs and to spin transfer during hadronization.These results, together with recent CMS measurements at higher energies, open a new avenue for studying spin dynamics in the transition from partons to hadrons. A feasibility study of spin-spin correlations in $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ pairs at the SPD experiment at NICA is presented for $pp$ and $dd$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\leq27$~GeV. The expected correlation $P_{\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}}$ is estimated within the SU(6) and Burkardt–Jaffe models for a spin-triplet $s\bar{s}$ pair. The kinematic properties of the process are analysed, and the suitability of the detector for such measurements is evaluated using a full simulation. The SPD experiment provides an opportunity to investigate the relative contributions of non-perturbative and perturbative $s\bar{s}$-production mechanisms and, with polarized beams, to study the role of initial-state polarization in spin-dependent partonic dynamics.
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Quantum Physics

Complementarity Test with Unmeasured, Permanently Inaccessible Path Markers

Paul Gauthier, Sahil Patel, Sean Doan et al. (+1 more)

In prior complementarity tests, path markers were measured and remained causally accessible, leaving the collapse-locality loophole open. We address this loophole using a quantum eraser that isolates the encoding of path information in the joint quantum state from its later measurement and causal accessibility. We launch idler photons – the sole path markers for entangled signal photons in an interferometer – on outgoing null trajectories while the joint state remains in a coherent superposition of both interferometer path alternatives. Our flat $\Lambda$CDM transmission model predicts that 73-82% of launched idlers will propagate forever without absorption, scattering, or environmental path-record formation. For these modeled survivors, each path marker remains perpetually unmeasured, and propagation along its outgoing trajectory precludes later causal contact with its interferometric record. Unconditioned signal detections show no statistically significant launch-induced change in interference, as standard quantum theory predicts. Normalized to the modeled survivors, the 95% confidence upper bound on any launch-induced fringe is 0.16 of full restoration.
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All authors Paul Gauthier, Sahil Patel, Sean Doan, Galan Moody

Astrophysics of Galaxies

SALVAGE II: no systematic molecular gas depletion in the central 2 kpc of AGN hosts

Scott Wilkinson, Chiara Circosta, Toby Brown et al. (+5 more)

In cosmological simulations, active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is found to be necessary for the shutdown of galaxy-wide star-formation by heating and/or removing molecular gas. However, at low-redshift, there is little evidence of systematic large-scale gas depletion. Some recent observations have found molecular gas depletion in AGN hosts, but limited to the central regions of galaxies. In this work, we use the SDSS-ALMA Legacy-Value Archival Gas Exploration (SALVAGE) dataset, which provides molecular gas and stellar mass measurements from the inner (r < 0.5-2 kpc) and outer region of the galaxy. Using AGN diagnostics from optical emission lines, mid-IR colour, and X-ray luminosity, we identify 70 AGN at z < 0.07 and inspect their central molecular gas reservoirs with a suite of metrics compared to non-AGN controls. In agreement with global studies of low-z AGN hosts, we find that, compared to matched non-AGN, the central regions of AGN have equal molecular gas fractions and enhanced molecular gas surface densities. For the first time, we explore the central gas reservoirs of AGN identified with different selection criteria and find two optical AGN classes that show a tentative 1.5$\sigma$ and 1.8$\sigma$ signal of central molecular gas depletion. However, the AGN with central gas depletion do not occupy any specific region of the parameter space, such as AGN luminosity, that can provide a physical explanation for the depletion. If AGN are responsible for large-scale gas removal, the lack of systematic gas depletion in SALVAGE AGN sets an upper limit on the physical scale of the gas removal while the AGN remains observable.
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All authors Scott Wilkinson, Chiara Circosta, Toby Brown, Sara L. Ellison, Shoshannah Byrne-Mamahit, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Santiago Garcia-Burillo, Federico Esposito

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Measurement of the $\Omega_b^-$ baryon lifetime

LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb et al. (+1187 more)

The lifetime ratio ${r_{\tau}\equiv\tau_{\Omega_b^-}/\tau_{\Xi_b^-}}$ between the ${{\Omega_b^-}}$ and ${{\Xi_b^-}}$ baryons is measured using a sample of $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb$^{-1}$ and collected by the LHCb experiment during LHC Run 2 (2015$-$2018). The ratio $r_{\tau}$ is measured in two sets of decays modes, ${ {(\Omega_b^-,\Xi_b^-)\to(\Omega_c^0\pi^-,\Xi_c^0\pi^-)}}$ and ${{(\Omega_b^-,\Xi_b^-)\to(J/\psi\Omega^-, J/\psi\Xi^-)}}$, with ${{(\Omega_c^0,\Xi_c^0)\to pK^-K^-\pi^+}}$, ${{(\Omega^-,\Xi^-)\to(\Lambda^0 K^-,\Lambda^0\pi^-)}}$, ${{\Lambda^0\to p\pi^-}}$ and $J/\psi\to\mu^+\mu^-$. The measured $r_{\tau}$ values are averaged and combined with Run 1 (2011$-$2012) measurements in the same decay modes to obtain ${r_{\tau} = 1.109\pm0.055\pm0.010}$. Multiplying by the known ${{\Xi_b^-}}$ lifetime results in the ${{\Omega_b^-}}$ lifetime ${\tau_{\Omega_b^-} = 1.751\pm0.089\pm0.022~{\rm ps}}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic. This measurement improves on the precision of the $\Omega_b^-$ lifetime by about a factor of two over the previous world average. The value of $r_{\tau}$ is in agreement with the most recent theoretical predictions from the heavy quark expansion framework.
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All authors LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, M. Abdelfatah, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A.A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, S. Akar, K. Akiba, H. Al Saleh, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, R. Aleksiejunas, F. Alessio, P. Alvarez Cartelle, A.A. Alves Jr, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, Z. Amos, L. An, L. Anderlini, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, S. Andres Estrada, A. Anelli, D. Ao, C. Arata, F. Archilli, Z. Areg, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, L. Arnone, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, R. Ataíde Da Silva, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, J.A. Authier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J.J. Back, M. Bai, Z.B. Bai, V. Balagura, A. Balboni, W. Baldini, Z. Baldwin, L. Balzani, H. Bao, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, C. Barbero Pretel, I.R. Barbosa, W. Barker, R.J. Barlow, M. Barnyakov, S. Baron, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, J. Bartz, S. Bashir, B. Batsukh, P.B. Battista, A. Bavarchee, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. Becker, F. Bedeschi, I.B. Bediaga, N.A. Behling, S. Belin, A. Bellavista, I. Belyaev, G. Bencivenni, E. Ben-Haim, J.L.M. Berkey, R. Bernet, A. Bertolin, L. Bertsch, F. Betti, J. Bex, O. Bezshyyko, S. Bhattacharya, M.S. Bieker, N.V. Biesuz, A. Biolchini, M. Birch, F.C.R. Bishop, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J.E. Blank, S. Blusk, J.A. Boelhauve, O. Boente Garcia, T. Boettcher, A. Bohare, C. Bolognani, R.B. Bonacci, A. Bordelius, F. Borgato, S. Borghi, M. Borsato, J.T. Borsuk, E. Bottalico, S.A. Bouchiba, M. Bovill, T.J.V. Bowcock, A. Boyer, C. Bozzi, J.D. Brandenburg, A. Brea Rodriguez, N. Breer, C. Breitfeld, J. Brodzicka, J. Brown, E. Buchanan, M. Burgos Marcos, C. Burr, E. Butera, C. Buti, J.S. Butter, W. Byczynski, S. Cadeddu, H. Cai, Y. Cai, Y. Cai, A. Caillet, R. Calabrese, L. Calefice, M. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, P. Camargo Magalhaes, J.I. Cambon Bouzas, P. Campana, A. Campomagnani, A.C. Campos, A.F. Campoverde Quezada, Y. Cao, S. Capelli, M. Caporale, L. Capriotti, R. Caravaca-Mora, A. Carbone, L. Carcedo Salgado, R. Cardinale, A. Cardini, P. Carniti, L. Carus, R. Caspary, G. Casse, M. Cattaneo, G. Cavallero, V. Cavallini, S. Celani, I. Celestino, S. Cesare, A.J. Chadwick, M. Charles, Ph. Charpentier, E. Chatzianagnostou, R. Cheaib, M. Chefdeville, C. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Chen, A. Chen Hu, M. Cherif, S. Chernyshenko, X. Chiotopoulos, G. Chizhik, V. Chobanova, A. Christakakis, M. Chrzaszcz, Y. Chu, V. Chulikov, P. Ciambrone, X. Cid Vidal, P. Cifra, P.E.L. Clarke, M. Clemencic, H.V. Cliff, J. Closier, C. Cocha Toapaxi, V. Coco, A. Codovini, C.S. Codovini, J. Cogan, E. Cogneras, L. Cojocariu, S. Collaviti, P. Collins, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, A. Comerma-Montells, L. Congedo, J. Connaughton, A. Contu, N. Cooke, A. Corallo, G. Cordova, C. Coronel, I. Corredoira, A. Correia, G. Corti, G.C. Costantino, C. Cotirlan, J. Cottee Meldrum, B. Couturier, D.C. Craik, N. Crepet, M. Cruz Torres, M. Cubero Campos, E. Curras Rivera, R. Currie, C.L. Da Silva, X. Dai, J. Dalseno, C. D'Ambrosio, G. Darze, A. Davidson, O. De Aguiar Francisco, C. De Angelis, F. De Benedetti, J. de Boer, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, F. De Gregorio, E. De Lucia, J.M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, A. De Robertis, E. De Santis, M. De Serio, P. De Simone, F. De Vellis, J.A. de Vries, F. Debernardis, D. Decamp, S. Dekkers, L. Del Buono, B. Demaire-Lepape, J. Deng, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, B. Dey, P. Di Nezza, S. Ding, Y. Ding, L. Dittmann, J.F. Diverchy, A.D. Docheva, A. Doheny, C. Dong, F. Dordei, J. Dorta Moreno, A.C. dos Reis, J. Dos Santos Oliveira, A.D. Dowling, L. Dreyfus, W. Duan, P. Duda, L. Dufour, V. Duk, P. Durante, M.M. Duras, J.M. Durham, K. Duwe, A. Dziurda, S. Easo, E. Eckstein, U. Egede, S. Eisenhardt, E. Ejopu, L. Eklund, M. Elashri, D. Elizondo Blanco, J. Ellbracht, S. Ely, A. Ene, T. Evans, F. Fabiano, S. Faghih, L.N. Falcao, B. Fang, R. Fantechi, L. Fantini, M. Faria, K. Farmer, F. Fassin, D. Fazzini, L. Felkowski, C. Feng, M. Feng, A. Fernandez Casani, M. Fernandez Gomez, B. Fernandez Rodino, J. Fernandez-John, A.D. Fernez, F. Ferrari, F. Ferreira Rodrigues, R.A. Fini, R. Fiorenza, M. Fiorini, M. Firlej, D.S. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzpatrick, T. Fiutowski, F. Fleuret, A. Fomin, M. Fontana, M. Fontes Vaz, L.A. Foreman, R. Forty, D. Foulds-Holt, V. Franco Lima, M. Franco Sevilla, M. Frank, E. Franzoso, G. Frau, C. Frei, D.A. Friday, J. Fu, Y. Fu, Q. Führing, T. Fulghesu, M. Fulghieri, G. Galati, M.D. Galati, A. Gallas Torreira, D. Galli, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, P. Gandini, B. Ganie, H. Gao, R. Gao, T.Q. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, L.M. Garcia Martin, P. Garcia Moreno, J. García Pardiñas, P. Gardner, L. Garrido, C. Gaspar, A. Gavrikov, J. George, E. Gersabeck, M. Gersabeck, T. Gershon, S. Ghizzo, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, F.I. Giasemis, V. Gibson, H.K. Giemza, A.L. Gilman, M. Giovannetti, A. Gioventù, L. Girardey, M.A. Giza, F.C. Glaser, V.V. Gligorov, A. Glioti, C. Göbel, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, E. Golobardes, A. Golutvin, S. Gomez Fernandez, A.G. Gomez Mongui, W. Gomulka, F. Goncalves Abrantes, I. Gonçales Vaz, M. Goncerz, G. Gong, S. Gong, J.A. Gooding, C. Gotti, E. Govorkova, J.P. Grabowski, L.A. Granado Cardoso, R. Grande Quartieri, E. Graugés, E. Graverini, L. Grazette, G. Graziani, A.T. Grecu, N.A. Grieser, L. Grillo, C. Gu, M. Guarise, L. Guerry, M. Guittiere, A.-K. Guseinov, Y. Guz, T. Gys, K. Habermann, T. Hadavizadeh, C. Hadjivasiliou, G. Haefeli, C. Haen, S. Haken, G. Hallett, P.M. Hamilton, Q. Han, S. Han, X. Han, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, N. Harnew, T.J. Harris, L. Hartman, M. Hartmann, S. Hashmi, J. He, N. Heatley, A. Hedes, F. Hemmer, C. Henderson, R. Henderson, R.D.L. Henderson, A.M. Hennequin, K. Hennessy, A. Henrot, J. Herd, P. Herrero Gascon, J. Heuel, A. Heyn, A. Hicheur, G. Hijano Mendizabal, J. Horswill, R. Hou, Y. Hou, D.C. Houston, N. Howarth, W. Hu, X. Hu, W. Hulsbergen, R.J. Hunter, D. Hutchcroft, M. Idzik, P. Ilten, A. Iohner, S. Jacevicius, H. Jage, S.J. Jaimes Elles, S. Jakobsen, T. Jakoubek, E. Jans, A. Jawahery, C. Jayaweera, A. Jelavic, V. Jevtic, Z. Jia, E. Jiang, X. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Y.J. Jiang, E. Jimenez Moya, N. Jindal, M. John, A. John Rubesh Rajan, D. Johnson, C.R. Jones, S. Joshi, B. Jost, J. Juan Castella, N. Jurik, I. Juszczak, K. Kalecinska, D. Kaminaris, S. Kandybei, M. Kane, Y. Kang, C. Kar, A. Kauniskangas, J.W. Kautz, M.K. Kazanecki, F. Keizer, M. Kenzie, T. Ketel, B. Khanji, S. Kholodenko, V. Kholoimov, G. Khreich, F. Kiraz, T. Kirn, V.S. Kirsebom, N. Kleijne, A. Kleimenova, D. Klekots, K. Klimaszewski, M.R. Kmiec, T. Knospe, R. Kolb, S. Koliiev, L. Kolk, A. Konoplyannikov, P. Kopciewicz, P. Koppenburg, A. Korchin, I. Kostiuk, O. Kot, S. Kotriakhova, E. Kowalczyk, O. Kravcov, M. Kreps, W. Krupa, W. Krzemien, O. Kshyvanskyi, S. Kubis, M. Kucharczyk, A. Kupsc, A. Kurzina, V. Kushnir, B. Kutsenko, J. Kvapil, I. Kyryllin, D. Lacarrere, P. Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, A. Lampis, D. Lancierini, C. Landesa Gomez, G. Lanfranchi, C. Langenbruch, T. Latham, F. Lazzari, C. Lazzeroni, R. Le Gac, H. Lee, R. Lefèvre, M. Lehuraux, C. Lemettais, E. Lemos Cid, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, E.D. Lesser, B. Leverington, A. Li, C. Li, C. Li, H. Li, J. Li, K. Li, L. Li, L. Li, P. Li, P.-R. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, T. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, Z. Lian, Q. Liang, X. Liang, Z. Liang, S. Libralon, A. Lightbody, J. Lin, S. Lin, T. Lin, R. Lindner, H. Linton, R. Litvinov, D. Liu, F.L. Liu, G. Liu, K. Liu, S. Liu, W. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.L. Liu, G. Loachamin Ordonez, I. Lobo, A. Lobo Salvia, A. Loi, T. Long, F.C.L. Lopes, J.H. Lopes, A. Lopez Huertas, C. Lopez Iribarnegaray, Q. Lu, C. Lucarelli, D. Lucchesi, M. Lucio Martinez, Y. Luo, A. Lupato, M. Lupberger, E. Luppi, K. Lynch, J. Lyu, S. Lyu, X.-R. Lyu, H. Ma, S. Maccolini, F. Machefert, F. Maciuc, B. Mack, I. Mackay, L.M. Mackey, L.R. Madhan Mohan, M.J. Madurai, D. Magdalinski, J.J. Malczewski, S. Malde, L. Malentacca, G. Manca, C. Mancuso, R. Manera Escalero, A. Mangalasseri, F.M. Manganella, R. Mangrulkar, D. Manuzzi, S. Mao, D. Marangotto, J.F. Marchand, R. Marchevski, U. Marconi, L. Mareso, E. Mariani, S. Mariani, C. Marin Benito, J. Marks, A.M. Marshall, L. Martel, G. Martelli, G. Martellotti, L. Martinazzoli, M. Martinelli, C. Martinez, A. Martinez Armas, D. Martinez Gomez, D. Martinez Santos, F. Martinez Vidal, A. Martorell i Granollers, A. Massafferri, R. Matev, A. Mathad, C. Matteuzzi, K.R. Mattioli, L. Matzner, A. Mauri, E. Maurice, J. Mauricio, P. Mayencourt, J. Mazorra de Cos, M. Mazurek, D. Mazzanti Tarancon, M. McCann, N.T. McHugh, A. McNab, R. McNulty, B. Meadows, S.E.R. Medaer, D. Melnychuk, D. Mendoza Granada, P. Menendez Valdes Perez, F.M. Meng, M. Merk, A. Merli, L. Meyer Garcia, D. Miao, H. Miao, S. Mico, M. Mikhasenko, D.A. Milanes, A. Minotti, E. Minucci, B. Mitreska, D.S. Mitzel, R. Mocanu, A. Modak, L. Moeser, R.D. Moise, E.F. Molina Cardenas, T. Mombächer, M. Monk, T. Monnard, S. Monteil, A. Morcillo Gomez, G. Morello, M.J. Morello, M.P. Morgenthaler, A. Moro, J. Moron, W. Morren, A.B. Morris, A.G. Morris, R. Mountain, Z. Mu, N. Muangkod, E. Muhammad, F. Muheim, M. Mulder, K. Müller, V. Mytrochenko, P. Naik, T. Nakada, R. Nandakumar, G. Napoletano, I. Nasteva, M. Needham, N. Neri, S. Neubert, N. Neufeld, J. Nicolini, D. Nicotra, E.M. Niel, L. Nisi, Q. Niu, B.K. Njoki, P. Nogarolli, P. Nogga, J. Nombela Royo, C. Normand, A. Novo Cal, J. Novoa Fernandez, G. Nowak, H.N. Nur, A. Oblakowska-Mucha, T. Oeser, O. Okhrimenko, R. Oldeman, N. Oldman, F. Oliva, E. Olivart Pino, M. Olocco, R.H. O'Neil, J.S. Ordonez Soto, D. Osthues, J.M. Otalora Goicochea, P. Owen, A. Oyanguren, O. Ozcelik, F. Paciolla, A. Padee, K.O. Padeken, B. Pagare, T. Pajero, A. Palano, L. Palini, L. Palombini, M. Palutan, C. Pan, X. Pan, S. Panebianco, S. Paniskaki, L. Paolucci, A. Papanestis, M. Pappagallo, L.L. Pappalardo, C. Pappenheimer, C. Parkes, D. Parmar, G. Passaleva, D. Passaro, A. Pastore, M. Patel, J. Patoc, C. Patrignani, A. Paul, C.J. Pawley, A. Pellegrino, J. Peng, X. Peng, M. Pepe Altarelli, S. Perazzini, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Pereira Martinez, C. Perez, A. Perez Casas, P. Perret, A. Perrevoort, A. Perro, M.J. Peters, A. Petkovic, K. Petridis, A. Petrolini, S. Pezzulo, J.P. Pfaller, H. Pham, L. Pica, E. Picatoste Olloqui, M. Piccini, L. Piccolo, F. Piernas Diaz, B. Pietrzyk, R.N. Pilato, D. Pinci, F. Pisani, M. Pizzichemi, V.M. Placinta, M. Plo Casasus, T. Poeschl, F. Polci, M. Poli Lener, A. Poluektov, I. Polyakov, E. Polycarpo, S. Ponce, D. Popov, K. Popp, K. Prasanth, C. Prouve, D. Provenzano, V. Pugatch, A. Puicercus Gomez, G. Punzi, J.R. Pybus, Q. Qian, W. Qian, N. Qin, R. Quagliani, R.I. Rabadan Trejo, B. Rachwal, R. Racz, J.H. Rademacker, M. Rama, M. Ramírez García, V. Ramos De Oliveira, M. Ramos Pernas, G. Ramsey, M.S. Rangel, G. Raven, M. Rebollo De Miguel, F. Redi, J. Reich, F. Reiss, Z. Ren, P.K. Resmi, M. Ribalda Galvez, R. Ribatti, G. Ricart, D. Riccardi, S. Ricciardi, K. Richardson, M. Richardson-Slipper, F. Riehn, K. Rinnert, P. Robbe, G. Robertson, E. Rodrigues, A. Rodriguez Alvarez, E. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.A. Rodriguez Lopez, E. Rodriguez Rodriguez, J. Roensch, A. Rogovskiy, D.L. Rolf, P. Roloff, A. Romano, V. Romanovskiy, A. Romero Vidal, G. Romolini, F. Ronchetti, T. Rong, W. Rose, M. Rotondo, M.S. Rudolph, G. Ruggiero, M. Ruiz Diaz, J. Ruiz Vidal, J. Ruz Armendariz, J.J. Saavedra-Arias, J.J. Saborido Silva, D. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, B. Saitta, M. Salomoni, I. Sanderswood, R. Santacesaria, C. Santamarina Rios, M. Santimaria, L. Santoro, E. Santovetti, A. Saputi, A. Sarnatskiy, G. Sarpis, M. Sarpis, C. Satriano, A. Satta, M. Saur, H. Sazak, F. Sborzacchi, A. Scarabotto, S. Schael, S. Scherl, M. Schiller, H. Schindler, M. Schmelling, B. Schmidt, N. Schmidt, S. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schneider, A. Schopper, N. Schulte, H. Schumacher, M.H. Schune, G. Schwering, B. Sciascia, A. Sciuccati, G. Scriven, I. Segal, S. Sellam, M. Senghi Soares, A. Sergi, N. Serra, L. Sestini, B. Sevilla Sanjuan, Y. Shang, D.M. Shangase, R.S. Sharma, L. Shchutska, T. Shears, S. Shelton, J. Shen, Z. Shen, S. Sheng, B. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, W.S. Shi, E. Shmanin, R. Silva Coutinho, G. Simi, S. Simone, M. Singha, I. Siral, N. Skidmore, T. Skwarnicki, M.W. Slater, E. Smith, M. Smith, M. Smith, L. Soares Lavra, M.D. Sokoloff, F.J.P. Soler, A. Solomin, K. Solovieva, N.S. Sommerfeld, R. Song, Y. Song, Y. Song, Y.S. Song, F.L. Souza De Almeida, G. Souza De Castro, B. Souza De Paula, K.M. Sowa, E. Spadaro Norella, E. Spedicato, J.G. Speer, P. Spradlin, F. Stagni, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, O. Steinkamp, F. Suljik, J. Sun, L. Sun, M. Sun, D. Sundfeld, P. Svihra, V. Svintozelskyi, J. Swallow, K. Swientek, F. Swystun, A. Szabelski, T. Szumlak, Y. Tan, Y. Tang, Y.T. Tang, M.D. Tat, J.A. Teijeiro Jimenez, F. Terzuoli, F. Teubert, E. Thomas, D.J.D. Thompson, A.R. Thomson-Strong, R. Thornton, H. Tilquin, V. Tisserand, S. T'Jampens, M. Tobin, T.T. Todorov, L. Tomassetti, G. Tonani, X. Tong, T. Tork, L. Torlai, L. Toscano, D.Y. Tou, G. Tuci, N. Tuning, L.H. Uecker, A. Ukleja, A. Upadhyay, B. Urbach, A. Usachov, U. Uwer, V. Vagnoni, A. Vaitkevicius, A. Valassi, V. Valcarce Cadenas, G. Valenti, N. Valls Canudas, J. van Eldik, H. Van Hecke, E. van Herwijnen, C.B. Van Hulse, R. Van Laak, M. van Veghel, P. Varrella, R. Vazquez Gomez, P. Vazquez Regueiro, C. Vázquez Sierra, S. Vecchi, J. Velilla Serna, J.J. Velthuis, M. Veltri, A. Venkateswaran, M. Verdoglia, M. Vesterinen, W. Vetens, D. Vico Benet, P. Vidrier Villalba, M. Vieites Diaz, X. Vilasis-Cardona, E. Vilella Figueras, A. Villa, P. Vincent, B. Vivacqua, F.C. Volle, D. vom Bruch, K. Vos, C. Vrahas, J. Wagner, J. Walsh, N. Walter, E.J. Walton, G. Wan, A. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, N.W. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.H. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, J.A. Ward, M. Waterlaat, N.K. Watson, D. Websdale, Y. Wei, Z. Weida, J. Wendel, B.D.C. Westhenry, A.S. White, C. White, M. Whitehead, E. Whiter, A.R. Wiederhold, D. Wiedner, M.A. Wiegertjes, C. Wild, G. Wilkinson, M.K. Wilkinson, M. Williams, M.J. Williams, M.R.J. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, Z. Williams, F.F. Wilson, M. Winn, W. Wislicki, M. Witek, L. Witola, T. Wolf, E. Wood, G. Wormser, S.A. Wotton, H. Wu, J. Wu, T. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, K. Wyllie, S. Xian, Z. Xiang, Y. Xie, T.X. Xing, A. Xu, L. Xu, M. Xu, R. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, S. Yadav, K. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yang, H. Yeung, H. Yin, X. Yin, C.Y. Yu, J. Yu, K. Yu, X. Yuan, Y Yuan, S. Zalambani, J.A. Zamora Saa, F. Zangari, M. Zavertyaev, M. Zdybal, F. Zenesini, C. Zeng, M. Zeng, S.H Zeng, C. Zhang, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, Q.Z. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, S.L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, Y. Zhao, A. Zhelezov, S.Z. Zheng, X.Z. Zheng, Y. Zheng, T. Zhou, X. Zhou, V. Zhovkovska, L.Z. Zhu, X. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zhu, V. Zhukov, J. Zhuo, T. Zies, D. Zuliani, X. Zuo

Quantum Physics

Low-rank propagation for tridiagonalizable open quantum systems: near-linear scaling with system size

Roman Ovsiannikov, Kurt Jacobs, Andrii G. Sotnikov et al. (+1 more)

The quadratic growth of the density matrix with Hilbert-space dimension D is the central obstacle to simulating large open quantum systems. We introduce a deterministic algorithm that eliminates it for Lindblad dynamics whose Hamiltonian consists of a time-dependent diagonal part plus terms that are tridiagonal after reordering the basis. The state is a low-rank ensemble of vectors, propagated by tridiagonal split-operator steps and ensemble rank truncation of short-time Kraus branches, so that memory and cost per step are linear in D at fixed rank. For a driven nitrogen-vacancy-cavity model, rank 16 reproduces full density-matrix observables to relative error below $10^{-5}$, the method is up to two orders of magnitude faster than QuTiP already at $D \approx 500$, and its runtime scales nearly linearly.
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All authors Roman Ovsiannikov, Kurt Jacobs, Andrii G. Sotnikov, Denys I. Bondar

Space Physics · Cross-listed from eess.SP

Beyond Legacy L1 C/A: Characterizing Advanced Multi-Frequency Spoofing Against Multi-Frequency GPS Receivers for Autonomous Navigation

Minhaj Uddin Ahmad, Muhammad Sami Irfan, Sagar Dasgupta et al. (+2 more)

Autonomous vehicles increasingly rely on high-end multi-frequency GNSS receivers that track modernized civil signals, such as L2C, L5, and L1C, alongside legacy GPS L1~C/A. Although multi-frequency operation improves robustness against natural error sources, its resilience against synchronous multi-band spoofing attacks remains insufficiently characterized. This paper presents a method for quantifying the inter-band alignment accuracy required for a coherent spoofer to evade cross-frequency consistency monitoring that a resilient receiver may employ. As a foundational study, the presented method is implemented and evaluated using the GPS L1 C/A and L2C signal pair within a controlled software-defined environment. This environment encompasses deterministic signal synthesis, programmable inter-band code offsets realized through fractional-delay filtering, and processing by a dual-frequency GNSS-SDR receiver. An inter-frequency pseudorange-difference consistency detector is defined and calibrated using a constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) approach, yielding a threshold of approximately 19 m at a false-alarm probability of $10^{-3}$. Signal fidelity and receiver capture are verified through correlation-function analysis using a multi-tap correlator bank. The inter-band code offset is then swept from one code chip to 0.005 chips to characterize detector performance. Results show that a perfectly aligned coherent attack yields a detection probability of zero, while detection probability increases rapidly with inter-band misalignment, reaching approximately 50% at 0.05 chips (about 15 m) and approaching unity for offsets of 0.2 chips or greater. These results quantify the alignment precision required for successful coherent dual-frequency spoofing and establish a practical framework for future evaluation of L5, L1C, and hardware-based multi-frequency spoofing scenarios.
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All authors Minhaj Uddin Ahmad, Muhammad Sami Irfan, Sagar Dasgupta, Mizanur Rahman, Thejesh N. Bandi

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Operator-Level Quantum-Classical Correspondence in Relativistic Quantum Theory and Curved Spacetime

Pankaj Sheoran, Gopal Kashyap and Sanjay Siwach

In a recent work \cite{Shaikh:2026nsi}, it was shown that for a non-relativistic particle, the operator equations of motion can be cast in the same differential form as Newton's equation of motion. This establishes a correspondence between quantum operator dynamics and classical mechanics at the level of the equations of motion. In this work, we investigate whether this correspondence extends to quantum field theory and linearized gravity. We explicitly show that the Heisenberg equations of motion for quantum field operators reproduce the corresponding classical equations of motion for a broad class of field theories. The Klein-Gordon equation, Maxwell's equations, Yang-Mills equations, and linearized Einstein equations are shown to arise at the operator level without taking the limit $\hbar\rightarrow0$. We then extend the analysis to curved spacetime and show that the quantum field operators satisfy the corresponding covariant field equations at the operator level. In the weak-field approximation, we show that the Heisenberg evolution of the metric-perturbations reproduces the linearized Einstein equations at the operator level. For a quantum particle in curved spacetime, the Heisenberg equations for position and momentum reproduce classical geodesic motion in the semiclassical limit, thereby extending the operator-level quantum-classical correspondence from fields to particle dynamics.
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Quantum Physics

Superradiant Mpemba Relaxation in a Dicke Ladder

Matheus G. H. Santos, Hugo Sanchez, Italo M. de Araújo et al. (+3 more)

The Mpemba effect occurs when a state initially farther from stationarity overtakes a closer one during relaxation. We show that this anomalous ordering can coexist with superradiant emission in a collectively damped ensemble of two-level systems. In the symmetric Dicke manifold, zero-temperature decay is a population cascade with rates $\Gamma n(N-n+1)$. We construct the sparse family $\rho_A=|\lceil2N/3\rceil\rangle\langle\lceil2N/3\rceil|$ and $\rho_B=(|0\rangle\langle0|+|N\rangle\langle N|)/2$. Although $A$ is initially more energetic and more distant from the stationary ground state, it crosses $B$ in both energy and trace distance because it starts in a more radiative region of the Dicke ladder. Both states develop emission peaks larger than their independent-emitter references. The crossing persists for all examined sizes from $N=6$ to $60$, while the peak intensities show an effective scaling close to $N^2$. The same pair has no crossing under independent decay, identifying collective radiative kinetics as the origin of the effect.
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All authors Matheus G. H. Santos, Hugo Sanchez, Italo M. de Araújo, Luis Felipe A. da Silva, Miled H. Y. Moussa, Norton G. de Almeida