Papers

We present a complete calculation of the next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections to the loop-induced gluon-fusion process $gg\to\gamma\gamma$ at the LHC, including the full third-generation quark and the Higgs boson contributions for the first time. To efficiently evaluate the large number of multi-scale two-loop Feynman integrals, we employ a numerical approach based on differential equations with an optimized basis. Our results show that, although the NLO electroweak corrections to the phase-space-integrated cross section remain at the sub-percent level, they can reach about $-10\%$ in the tails of the diphoton invariant-mass and photon transverse-momentum distributions. Moreover, the diphoton invariant-mass distribution exhibits rich and intriguing structures, including a dip-bump structure in the Higgs-threshold region and a mild enhancement near the top-quark pair threshold. These features make the electroweak corrections indispensable for future precision studies of diphoton production at the LHC.

External magnetic fields, through their coupling to orbital and spin motion, complicate the correlated electronic states and impose coordinate-dependent phases on the wavefunction, thereby making accurate electronic structure calculations substantially more demanding. Recently, neural network-based quantum Monte Carlo (NNQMC) has emerged as a highly accurate approach to study nucleus-free systems in magnetic fields. For molecular systems, however, things get more complicated as the magnetic field would introduce a rapidly varying phase in the region far from the gauge origin. Here we introduce a gauge-including phase factor that acts directly on the full many-electron wavefunction and accounts for the prescribed magnetic phase, leaving a smoother correlated residual for the network to learn. This factor greatly improves molecular translation consistency and size consistency, providing a route for studying systems in magnetic fields with NNQMC. Upon this approach, we reproduce weak-field magnetizabilities and strong-field bond contraction in \ce{H2}. We further apply the method to selected transitions in the \ce{CN} red and \ce{C2} Swan systems at magnetic fields relevant to white dwarfs. The \ce{CN} transition exhibits a much larger field-induced shift than its \ce{C2} counterpart, suggesting its potential as a probe of white-dwarf magnetic fields.

Although a large number of cosmological simulations are now publicly available, their spatial and mass resolutions remain insufficient to accurately follow the dynamics of compact stellar systems and black holes. A complementary approach is therefore required to exploit the cosmological assembly histories encoded in these simulations without rerunning them. We present CosmoDyn, an open-source Python framework that reconstructs time-dependent galactic environments from any cosmological simulations and explicitly follows unresolved compact objects within them. A distinctive feature of CosmoDyn is that it models not only the main host galaxy but also its accreted satellites via moving gravitational potentials. The framework can therefore account simultaneously for the delivery of ex-situ populations and for the dynamical influence of satellites on in-situ population already present in the host. The modular pipeline comprises four main stages: reconstructing the evolving host and satellite potentials; generating in-situ and ex-situ populations of compact objects; integrating their orbits with configurable prescriptions for dynamical friction, and mass loss; and modeling tidal streams. Once reconstructed, the same cosmological environment can be reused to explore different objects, initial conditions, and physical prescriptions at low computational cost. CosmoDyn thus enables rapid parameter exploration and applications to statistically significant galaxy samples, while its modular architecture is designed to incorporate progressively more realistic potentials, and formation models.

Physics Education has played a prominent role in advancing physics education research since its establishment in 1966. However, a comprehensive investigation of its publication trends, impact, and thematic evolution over six decades remains limited. This study examines the journal development through a bibliometric analysis of publications over six decades. Following a PRISMA-based screening process, 6,311 documents were retained from an initial dataset of 7,709 records. Publication trends, citation impact, leading countries and institutions, topic modeling, and topic evolution were analyzed to examine the journal's development and thematic structure. The results indicate sustained growth in publication output, significantly after the digital and information era. The UK and the US emerged as the most productive contributors and accumulated the highest total citations, whereas Germany and Norway achieved the highest citation impact in terms of citations per paper. This pattern was further reinforced by increasing contributions from countries in Asia and the Global South, reflecting the growing internationalization of the journal. Major research themes include force and motion experiments, energy and light experiments, laboratory-based learning, conceptual understanding, and physics teacher education. Topic prevalence analysis indicates that, while experimental and laboratory-based studies have remained a defining feature of Physics Education, increasing attention has been devoted to conceptual understanding, assessment, technology-supported instruction, and pedagogical innovation in recent decades. Overall, Physics Education has evolved from a journal primarily centered on laboratory experiments and instructional demonstrations into a multidisciplinary venue emphasizing conceptual understanding, educational technology, and contemporary innovations in physics teaching and learning.

We prove that strong solutions to the incompressible, homogeneous Navier-Stokes system on $\mathbb{R}^3$ are global in time for initial data in the Sobolev space $H^1_\sigma(\mathbb{R}^3)$. The central ingredient of the proof is a new energy estimate that rules out finite-time blow-up in $L^r(\mathbb{R}^3)$ for $r = 2 + 2 / \sqrt{3}$. This estimate is based crucially on properties of the material derivative in combination with the divergence-free constraint, together with an intricate estimate that harnesses the delicate interplay between the viscous coercivity of the new energy functional and the control of a perturbing pressure term. Notably, the estimate does not carry over to systems that merely share the standard energy structure, such as T. Tao's averaged Navier-Stokes system. As a consequence of the new energy estimate, every Leray-Hopf weak solution $u$ to the homogeneous Navier-Stokes system is globally unique whenever the initial value $u(0, \cdot)$ belongs to $L^2_\sigma(\mathbb{R}^3) \cap L^3(\mathbb{R}^3)$. Even for $u(0, \cdot) \in L^2_\sigma(\mathbb{R}^3)$, the only possible non-uniqueness in the class of Leray-Hopf weak solutions is initial branching, and every such solution is $C^\infty$-smooth on $\left( 0, \infty \right) \times \mathbb{R}^3$. Moreover, if $u(0, \cdot)$ is smooth with derivatives of all orders decaying rapidly at infinity, we show that $u$ is in fact $C^\infty$-smooth on all of $\left[ 0, \infty \right) \times \mathbb{R}^3$.

Higher-order time-convolutionless (TCL) master equations provide systematic corrections for non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems, but their time-ordered integrals become increasingly costly to evaluate. Direct quadrature of the Hadamard-reduced sixth-order (TCL6) generator at all $N_t$ sampled times requires $O(N_t^3)$ operations at fixed system dimension. We derive an exact reduction for a finite-dimensional system coupled through one Hermitian operator to a stationary centered Gaussian bath. By separating operator coefficients from scalar time-dependent spectral densities, the complete TCL6 time series is reduced to cumulative sums and first-order recurrences, one-dimensional causal convolutions, and an exact dyadic recursion for interlocked sums. With the algorithm, evaluating the complete TCL6 time series requires $O(N_t\log^2N_t)$ operations. These reductions enable fast, practical simulations of non-Markovian dynamics involving multiphonon and multiphoton processes in open quantum systems.

This work studies the placement of an entanglement source along a communication line formed by two noisy qubit channels. Recent work argued, on analytical and numerical grounds, that midpoint placement should be at least as favorable as endpoint placement. Here it is shown that, for arbitrary qubit channels, if a sequential composition can preserve entanglement, then the corresponding parallel action cannot annihilate all entanglement. The proof uses the transpose-factorization criterion introduced in that recent work. Quantum Sinkhorn scaling converts every strictly positive qubit channel into a unital representative, and the special normal form of unital qubit channels then yields the required factorization of the transposed map through the original channel. Depolarizing regularization and the closedness of the set of entanglement-breaking channels extend the result to arbitrary channels. Consequently, $\Lambda_1 \otimes \Lambda_2 \in \mathrm{EA}$ implies $\Lambda_2 \circ \Lambda_1 \in \mathrm{EB}$, and, by exchanging the two channels, the same holds for the opposite composition order. This proves the recent conjecture that midpoint placement is optimal for all qubit channels, in the feasibility sense in which that optimality was originally defined.

Recent quantum gas cavity-QED experiments demonstrated simultaneous coupling of photons to single atom transitions as well as correlated pairs of ultracold fermions trapped inside optical cavities. This enables simultaneous control over density ordering and pairing. Using extensive numerical simulations, we show that in a transversely driven, two-component degenerate Fermi gas, the interplay of cavity-induced and bare atom–atom interactions controls not only the power threshold for self-organization, but also the type of spatial ordering in the $\mathbb Z_2$-symmetry-broken superradiant state. In the repulsive interaction regime, unpaired or weakly paired fermions first self-organize through a charge-density-wave instability, and finite-momentum pairing only occurs at much stronger pump strengths. In contrast, an attractive superfluid undergoes a joint density–pairing instability, directly entering into intertwined phase with charge-density-wave and pair-density-wave orders. At strong pumping the photon-enhanced pair interaction generates localized density and pairing order even when the bare contact interaction is repulsive. In this cavity-dominated regime strong spatial localization suppresses the long range superfluid coherence. Our results identify the role of cavity-induced atomic interactions in supporting intertwined fermionic orders and pave the way for exploring exotic states with multiple orders in highly controlled hybrid light-matter systems.

For sixty years, the Sun served neutrino physics more than the reverse: its neutrinos established oscillations rather than probing the star itself. That is now changing. Reactor antineutrinos have pinned down the oscillation parameters governing solar-neutrino flavour conversion so precisely that the propagation-related uncertainty is becoming negligible – closing the first of two abysses. Solar neutrinos can, at last, be turned on the Sun. Yet a second abyss remains: today's solar-neutrino detection falls an order of magnitude short of the precision the Standard Solar Model already predicts for the dominant pp flux ($>\,$90$\%$) – a gap no reactor experiment can close. The intrinsic $^{14}\mathrm{C}$ background walls off the pp region; only new detection techniques can breach it. Bridging this second abyss demands a revolution, not an increment. Combined with helioseismology's complementary reading of the Sun's mechanical structure, precision neutrino measurements of the nuclear source terms would enable a multi-messenger heliotomography of the solar interior – reading our star from both sides at once. A new age of solar discoveries may follow, on one condition: that the field builds the instruments equal to the task.

We construct theories of Carrollian electromagnetism coupled to an axion field. Obtained by performing a $c \to 0$ expansion of axion electrodynamics, these are of two types: electric and magnetic. We derive the Lagrangians and work out the general classical solutions for both. While the electric theory has the axion effectively decoupled from the electromagnetic fields, the magnetic theory is endowed with a nontrivial axion coupling that leads to interesting phenomenology. In particular, a Carrollian analogue of the Witten effect, wherein a magnetic monopole in the presence of a constant non-vanishing axion acquires an electric charge and becomes a dyon, is present in the magnetic theory. At the same time, the linear magnetoelectric effect vanishes entirely, a conclusion we establish by performing a thorough Dirac-Bergmann analysis of the constraint structure of the magnetic theory and a proper identification of its physical phase space.

We investigate a family of $k$-essence cosmological models selected by the requirement that the field equations admit a nontrivial variational symmetry. Inside this general family of theories, we concentrate on the simplest modification to quintessence, induced by power-law terms of the kinetic energy. The symmetry generator introduces a conservation law which we use to obtain an exact vacuum solution. We generalize our analysis and investigate the structure of the phase-space of the cosmological field equations by performing a dynamical systems analysis, both in the absence and the presence of a pressureless matter source. We employ Hubble-normalized variables and the Poincaré compactification, so as to determine the asymptotic behavior of the model and identify all admissible cosmological epochs, from early-time to late-time behavior. We discuss in detail the existence and stability conditions of each fixed point as functions of the free parameters, and characterize the full asymptotic structure of the cosmological history as provided by this symmetry-driven $k$-essence model. We explore the conditions under which the model can describe cosmic acceleration. We find that this $k$-essence model successfully describes the inflationary epoch with a natural exit to the matter-dominated era, with the inflaton ultimately evolving to a dark matter source.

We introduce here a new approach to the study of isolated chlorophyll pigments with the electronic spectroscopy of their deprotonated anions in a cold environment at 9K. These anions are isoelectronic to the corresponding neutral molecules, therefore their electronic properties are comparable. This comparison is pursued through this article. The electronic spectrum of the Q bands of deprotonated pheophorbide and methyl pheophorbide are recorded by resonant two photon electron detachment with vibrational resolution and show well-resolved bands extending through the visible spectrum in a very similar fashion to their neutral counterparts in solution. The results are compared with data of neutral pheophytin obtained by fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy at 4K and resonance Raman spectroscopy and found very similar. The theoretical analysis is achieved by density functional (ground state DFT WB97XD, hybrid exchange-correlation functionals and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets) and time dependent density functional (TDDFT) calculations. The comparison of the active orbitals in the Q transitions shows a great similarity between neutral and anionic forms together with some orbital and related level inversions. The vibronic spectra are simulated by Franck-Condon calculations to assign the dominant transitions of the electronic spectrum. Globally, this is a new perspective in the electronic spectroscopy of chlorophyll pigments that has been opened.

In this paper, we study the effect of an external random field on the localisation / delocalisation of the long-range Discrete Gaussian Chain (DGC), recently studied by Garban arXiv:2312.04536 and Coquille et al. arXiv:2412.15782. We prove that the model is delocalised at every inverse temperature for any polynomial decay $\alpha > 3/2$. This behaviour differs qualitatively from the one of the disorder-free long-range DGC, for which delocalisation at every temperature occurs only for $\alpha > 2$, similarly to what happens for long-range Ising models as already proved by Aizenman and Wehr. Additionally, we provide a more detailed description of the delocalised phase by identifying the growth exponent and scaling limit of the height at the origin for any decay exponent $\alpha > 3/2$.

The static screening response of a metallic nanoparticle is encoded in its induced charge density. Integrated observables such as the dipole moment or the polarizability do not determine this density, because many different screening profiles yield the same integrals. We show that in noble-metal nanoparticles the screening charge is atomically structured, with facet, edge, and vertex sites responding differently from a smooth classical conductor. This structure survives in a surface layer of about one atomic width even when the integrated response has reached the conductor limit, and it is absent from continuum descriptions. To resolve it across size, morphology, and composition, we calibrate an atomistic charge-dipole model for Ag and Au nanoparticles directly to first-principles induced-density profiles. The calibration includes the short-range kinetic and exchange-correlation contribution to the hardness kernel that a purely electrostatic model omits, reducing the induced-density-profile error by about a factor of 2.5. A single averaged parameter set per element predicts clusters withheld from the fit and transfers without adjustment to Ag/Au core-shell, alloyed, and elongated particles. A continuous fast multipole implementation of the model scales almost linearly with the number of atoms and reaches several-million-atom particles, far beyond the reach of first-principles methods.

Despite many experimental attempts, laboratory pair-beam sources have not yet reached the charge, collimation, and density needed to observe kinetic pair-plasma instabilities. Here we show that an optimised direct-laser-acceleration (DLA) regime in a gas target can close this gap in the regime of kilojoule-class petawatt lasers. Quasi-3D PIC and Geant4 simulations show that DLA-accelerated electron bunches carry tens of nC at GeV-scale energies with low divergence. Converted in a high-Z target, they generate up to 3x10^12 positrons with tunable energy spectra and transverse sizes of several skin depths in the beam rest frame. A proof-of-principle PIC simulation of the pair beam propagating through background gas shows the growth of a current-filamentation instability. This provides direct numerical evidence that kinetic pair dynamics are within reach of near-term facilities such as ELI-L4. The same electron driver also generates 6.5x10^5 Bethe-Heitler muons per shot, at up to 580 muons/J. We derive a scaling law for the muon yield and validate it against Geant4 simulation. Above a modest driver-energy threshold, the yield depends on the total energy delivered to the electron beam rather than on its peak energy - a design principle for future laser-based muon sources. These results establish DLA-driven secondary sources as a practical, near-term pathway to laboratory pair plasmas, high-yield muon beams, and lepton-accelerator injectors.

High-entropy topological insulator (Bi3/4Sb1/4)2(Te2/5Se2/5S1/5)3 has been for the first time prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and melting methods. Single-crystalline thick-filmed sample with thickness of ~0.1 mm was applied to examine the photoresponse properties by using room-temperature chopped-light technique. Photodetector based on (Bi3/4Sb1/4)2(Te2/5Se2/5S1/5)3 demonstrated strong photovoltaic response under irradiation of a white LED light, covering 420-730 nm range. The photocurrent increases from ~20 to ~55 mkA with the increase in intensity from 100 to 600 W/m2 that is originated from the increase in the number of non-equilibrium carriers generated by light. Room-temperature responsivity and detectivity of the photodetector are ~8.7 mA/W and ~109 Jones, respectively.

Collective dynamics in dense cell monolayers are governed by the interplay between crowding and cellular motility. Although increasing density can slow cellular motion and promote glass-like behaviour, the dynamical state of dense HeLa monolayers remains unclear. Here, we combine in vitro time-lapse imaging of HeLa cell monolayers with simulations of a deformable active-cell model to examine how cell density and motility regulate collective relaxation. Within the experimentally accessible density and time ranges, untreated HeLa monolayers remain liquid-like: structural relaxation progressively slows down with increasing density but remains observable throughout the investigated range. Under low-nutrient conditions, cell motility is strongly reduced, and structural relaxation becomes substantially slower. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these experimental observations, we further performed simulations using a deformable-cell model. The model qualitatively reproduces the density-dependent increase in structural relaxation time and further shows that reducing self-propulsion promotes long-lived caging dynamics at high packing fractions. These results show that dense HeLa monolayers can sustain slow, heterogeneous, yet relaxing collective dynamics under untreated conditions, and indicate that persistent cellular motility is an important factor in maintaining structural relaxation at high density, which may provide insight into the metastatic potential of cancer cells.

Long-range (LR) interactions are no longer just a theoretical idea: they can be engineered in several low-dimensional platforms and offer a new way to control heat transport. At the same time, they push beyond the standard picture developed mainly for short-range, momentum-conserving lattices. In this review, we consider one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT)-type lattices where LR effects enter mainly through a quartic anharmonic coupling that decays as a power law, characterized by an exponent {\sigma}. Our goal is to explain, in a unified way, how LR anharmonicity changes microscopic energy exchange, collective dynamics, and the macroscopic scaling laws of heat conduction-while also clarifying what is well established and what is still debated (For more details of the abstract, please see the main text and paper).

Over the past decade, high-order series expansions based on linked-cluster methods have become an important tool for studying low-energy properties of gapped quantum systems with long-range interactions. We introduce a deterministic framework that removes a central computational bottleneck of this method. Our graph zeta method replaces the costly and statistically noisy Monte Carlo (MC) evaluation of high-dimensional lattice sums by a systematic, high-precision computation that delivers series coefficients within minutes on standard desktop hardware. The full momentum-dependent series is obtained in a single calculation, enabling high-resolution excitation spectra throughout the Brillouin zone. Building on the companion paper [1], the method reformulates graph-embedding sums as graph zeta functions and decomposes them into blocks classified by their treewidth tw. Low-treewidth blocks (tw$\leq2$) admit closed expressions based on Epstein zeta functions, while higher-treewidth blocks (tw$>2$) are evaluated using tensor-network bucket elimination. We benchmark the approach for transverse-field Ising models with power-law interactions in 1d, 2d, and 3d, reproducing previous MC results at a fraction of the computational cost while enabling substantially denser parameter sampling. An open-source implementation makes the method directly applicable to general interactions and large parameter scans. As an application, we compare microscopic interaction models for the stacked quasi-2d transverse-field Ising triangular-lattice antiferromagnet KTmSe$_2$ and find that a model including dipolar interactions best describes existing experimental data. The graph zeta method thus turns high-order linked-cluster expansions into a practical and deterministic tool for fast quantitative momentum-resolved modeling of short- and long-range quantum matter.

We present the chemical abundance analysis for elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and the carbon isotopic ratio in a sample of metal-poor stars selected from the RAVE survey based on their extreme radial velocities. Stellar parameters were derived using Gaia photometry and parallaxes, and elemental abundances were determined from high-resolution UVES spectra obtained at the ESO Very Large Telescope. The stars span a wide metallicity range (-2.9 ___ [Fe/H] ___ -1.2) and, for the majority of the sample, exhibit kinematic properties consistent with the Galactic outer halo population.

We prove that the very-high temperature long-range Ising model on $\mathbf{Z}^d$ is a factor of an i.i.d. process, and provide quantitative information on the coding radius. We do not assume that the model is ferromagnetic, but require the interactions to decay faster than $1/n^{2d}$. While previous constructions were known, the novelty of our approach is that we obtain an explicit polynomial upper bound on the tail of the coding radius. In particular, our construction yields a factor map with finite expected coding volume. This answers a question of a recent preprint by Chazottes, Gallo and Takahashi, see arXiv:2602.14618.

We give a quantum algorithm for Lindbladian simulation given a block encoding of the Hamiltonian $H$ and a projected unitary encoding of the stacked jump operator $B=\sum_{k=1}^m \lvert k\rangle\otimes L_k$, with normalization factors $\alpha_H$ and $\alpha_B$, respectively. For evolution time $t$, set $\tau=(\alpha_H+\alpha_B^2)t$. The algorithm approximates the evolution channel to diamond-norm error $\varepsilon$ using $O\!\left(\tau+\frac{\log(1/\varepsilon)}{\log\!\left(e+\log(1/\varepsilon)/\tau\right)}\right)$ oracle queries, matching the query lower bound for Hamiltonian simulation. The number of additional one- and two-qubit gates is linear in the query complexity up to polylogarithmic factors. The query- and gate-complexity bounds extend to Lipschitz-continuous time-dependent Lindbladians under coherent time-indexed oracle access. Our construction uses a one-query transducer that implements a product of rational approximations to short-time evolution when supplied with a catalyst. We bound the error from omitting the catalyst by exploiting orthogonality between different sequences of Kraus labels. The gate implementation combines a compressed Kraus-label representation, which stores only the positions and values of the nonzero labels, with the rotation factorization of Chen et al.

In this letter, a novel 3-D Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) framework is proposed that circumvents the costly volumetric scaling of conventional FDTD methods. By representing the electromagnetic fields as low-rank Quantized Tensor Trains (QTT), the memory requirements scale logarithmically with system size. Moreover, the various numerical operations that constitute the FDTD scheme can be efficiently implemented in this format, with their computational cost also exhibiting a logarithmic complexity. The simulation of systems in open space is enabled by the inclusion of a uniaxial PML. A validation example demonstrates that the method achieves excellent accuracy compared to the traditional full-grid (FG) FDTD method, while significantly reducing the required computational resources. Memory savings of several orders of magnitude are obtained, highlighting the potential of the proposed framework for the simulation of large multiscale electromagnetic systems.

Relativistic nuclear collisions have opened an experimental arena for studying many-body correlations in nuclear ground states. However, the connection between initial-state correlations and final-state multi-particle observables measured at colliders is not yet formulated as a systematically improvable matching problem. We show that detector correlators built from asymptotic energy flows provide a natural framework for realizing such a construction. In particular, we express the asymptotic energy flow as a functional of the early-time stress tensor, and expand it in suitable modes to recover the familiar linear hydrodynamic relations at leading order. Then, motivated by small-$x$ QCD, we map angular projections of detector correlators to multipole-operator correlators computed in the colliding nuclei. We thus establish a systematic formalism for matching long-wavelength correlations between incoming and outgoing QCD states in high-energy hadronic collisions.

We prove that minimum-output Rényi-entropy additivity can fail by almost one bit simultaneously at every nonnegative order. For every $\varepsilon\in(0,\log2)$, there exists a finite-dimensional quantum channel with a real Stinespring isometry such that the same maximally entangled input witnesses a tensor-square entropy gap of at least $\log2-\varepsilon$ for all $p\in[0,\infty]$. The output dimension can be chosen to be $O(\varepsilon^{-3})$ as $\varepsilon\downarrow0$. The construction uses direct products of free groups: tensorized Haagerup estimates control the one-copy outputs, while commutation between distinct factors forces exact Bell-branch collisions at two copies. Strong convergence gives both an existential realization through finite-dimensional representations of right-angled Artin groups followed by realification, and a Haar-orthogonal model whose success probability tends to one as the matrix dimension grows. We also determine the exact Bell quotient, prove asymptotically sharp regular-radius bounds, and show that the cubic output-dimension scale is optimal within the present purity–rank certificate.

Using optical spectroscopy and density functional theory, we provide evidence that electron-electron interactions strongly affect the properties of the kagome antiferromagnet Mn$_3$Sn, since its low-energy optical interband transitions arise exclusively from the correlation-modified electronic band structure. Mn$_3$Sn possesses an optical effective mass about three times larger than that of its isostructural analog Mn$_3$Ge. The DFT+$U$ treatment in the Lichtenstein formulation, with an on-site Coulomb repulsion $U = 4$~eV and Hund's coupling $J = 0.25$~eV, accounts for the optical transitions in Mn$_3$Sn, whereas those in Mn$_3$Ge are already reproduced without Hubbard corrections ($U, J = 0$). The near-isotropic electronic structure of Mn$_3$Sn reveals a three-dimensional metal whose electronic response is shaped prominently by the Mn $d$-states. The apparent linear regime in $\sigma_1(\omega)$ observed in Mn$_3$Sn and Mn$_3$Ge arises from several overlapping interband transitions and therefore should not be interpreted as the optical signature of the Weyl cones. The optical response does not alter with magnetic field up to 17 T, consistent with strong free-carrier screening. Our findings establish a comprehensive-correlated picture of Mn$_3$Sn and Mn$_3$Ge that offers a template for other correlated topological metals.

Active matter systems can generate mechanical stresses that deform their surroundings, providing a route to transport and shape dynamics far from equilibrium. Deformable vesicles containing active particles offer a minimal setting in which such active stresses are directly coupled to boundary mechanics. Here, we use numerical simulations to investigate a two-dimensional, fixed-area vesicle filled with chiral active particles interacting through excluded volume and polar alignment. We find that the coupling between particle chirality and vesicle deformation produces distinct modes of collective motion, including run-and-tumble-like migration, rotor-like dynamics, and persistent spinning. Most notably, we show that vesicle rotation is non-monotonic in chirality: at fixed activity, an optimal chirality maximizes the rotational velocity. We develop an analytical theory that relates the vesicle rotation to the effective torque generated by the chiral active particles. The theory identifies the competition underlying the optimal chirality and predicts a scale-invariant dependence of the rotational velocity on activity and chirality. This scaling collapses simulation results obtained over different activity strengths onto a universal curve. Our results establish a general mechanism by which chirality and collective alignment regulate the transmission of active stresses to deformable boundaries, providing a framework for understanding transport and rotational dynamics in confined active systems.

Rapid algorithmic developments have accelerated the sampling of redistricting ensembles (balanced graph partitions), yet evaluating rare events and sampling complex target measures remains a core challenge due to the high-dimensional and combinatorial nature of the phase space. We address a prerequisite for stratified sampling on this space: constructing and diagnosing candidate strata with suitable coverage and overlap. We build a grammar on observed plans by clustering districts into representative “letters” and using them to form plan-level “words.” A partition of unity over these words gives a soft assignment of plans to strata and allows us to estimate stratum masses and an overlap-induced flux matrix. We demonstrate this computational pipeline using real-world congressional redistricting data from Connecticut and examine how strata learned from one target distribution behave under related distributions. The resulting construction provides a foundation for future stratified sampling on spaces of redistricting plans or balanced graph partitions. We do not implement a complete stratified sampler here; evaluating whether the proposed strata improve sampling efficiency or reduce estimator variance is left for future work.

The use of quantum resources in the work extraction from a quantum system is an emerging research topic. Recently, [arXiv:2602.22893] established the necessity of measurement coherence for obtaining advantage in work extraction from an unknown isolated quantum system. However, a quantitative relation between the magnitude of this advantage and established measures of measurement coherence is missing. Here, we establish such a connection by introducing a faithful operational quantifier of the work advantage provided by a measurement. We show that measurement coherence is necessary and sufficient for a positive advantage, and derive upper and lower bounds in terms of the robustness of measurement coherence and an $l_{\infty}$ norm based coherence measure respectively. Finally, we examine this quantifier of advantage from the resource theoretic perspective. Our results provide an operational characterisation of measurement coherence as a resource for work extraction and reveal a nontrivial relation between its resource content and thermodynamic value.

Active microrheology probes a crowded medium by forcing a tracer and measuring its response. In single-file transport, where particles cannot overtake, a constant force $F$ produces a subballistic displacement $\langle X_t\rangle\simeq \sqrt{t}\,\xi(F)$ together with a persistent bath deformation. Despite decades of work, the exact nonlinear response at arbitrary force has remained confined to a few special solvable models. Here we remove this restriction by combining recent advances in hydrodynamic transport coefficients, a pressure-balance formulation of the local drive, and single-file duality, which eliminates the resulting moving boundary. This yields a closed exact boundary-value problem for general diffusive single files, determining both $\xi(F)$ and the full density profile. For overdamped Brownian particles with general interactions, all microscopic interaction details enter only through the equilibrium equation of state, bringing realistic interacting systems, including finite-width quasi-one-dimensional channels, within exact reach. The solution also reveals universal global laws; in particular, the bath-density dipole is fixed by the applied force independently of the interaction potential.