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Physics

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Monday 14 September

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

A self-compliant selector-free memory with functional bismuth ferrite

Suman Roy, Subhabrata Das, Priyanka Sahu et al. (+5 more)

In-memory computing requires selector-free operation, low variability, and stable multilevel switching, all of which remain challenging to achieve in a single system. Here, we demonstrate a robust selector-free memory based on a multiferroic BiFeO3 that combines self-compliance with stable bipolar switching, high yield, long endurance, and extended retention. We observe that BiFeO3 memristive crossbar arrays become self-compliant through a naturally formed TiOx interfacial layer, enabling forming-free bipolar switching without external selector devices, addressing major bottlenecks that have limited the practical deployment of resistive memories. The array delivers stable bipolar switching with a 97% device yield, endurance beyond 105 cycles, and data retention exceeding 105 s with low cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variability. In addition, the devices exhibit 16 well-separated conductance states, enabling 4-bit multilevel operation via precise pulse-controlled programming for digit visualization in edge applications. Noise measurements reveal predominantly 1/f-type behavior with minimal random telegraph noise, indicating robust conductance stability across the programmable window. These results establish BiFeO3 as a practical materials platform for multibit, selector-free crossbar memories offering high reliability, making it well-suited for scalable computing architectures based on functional materials.
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All authors Suman Roy, Subhabrata Das, Priyanka Sahu, Majid Ahmadi, Sameer Kumar Mallik, Kaushik Ghosh, Saroj Prasad Dash, Satyaprakash Sahoo

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole and Newman-Unti gauge

Pujian Mao, Baijun Zeng and Kai-Yu Zhang

In this paper, we derive the complete transformations of a generic first order perturbative metric in Schwarzschild spacetime to the Newman-Unti (NU) gauge in series expansion near null infinity. This allows us to determine the asymptotic shear, the mass aspect and the angular momentum aspect of the perturbative fields. As a direct application, we derive the corresponding asymptotic NU data for quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a Schwarzschild black hole. The total energy and angular momentum of QNMs obtained from the asymptotic NU data vanish but classical supertranslation charges are non-trivial, which can be applied to fix the BMS frame at first perturbative order.
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Quantum Physics

A Modular, Topology-Aware Software Stack for Entanglement-Based Distributed Quantum Computing

Luke Andreesen, Shobhit Gupta, Sean Sullivan et al. (+1 more)

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) seeks to scale beyond the limits of monolithic processors by interconnecting multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) through entanglement-based links. Realizing this vision requires the co-design of hardware and software across the domains of quantum networking, compilation, and scheduling, yet existing tools remain fragmented between monolithic circuit compilers and long-distance quantum network simulators. We present an open-source, topology-informed framework for the compilation and scheduling of distributed quantum programs. Given an input circuit and a description of the target network, the framework partitions and reconstructs the circuit into a distributed program that respects the specified inter- and intra-QPU topology, covers cross-QPU operations through gate and state teleportation, and schedules the result under either deterministic or stochastic entanglement-generation models. By accepting and emitting standard OpenQASM, the framework interoperates with existing monolithic toolchains, and its standardized module interfaces allow partitioning and scheduling strategies to be interchanged and benchmarked. Using this framework, we show that the best-performing compilation strategy varies across the tested circuits and network configurations, and that both network topology and intra-QPU connectivity substantially affect the entanglement cost of execution. These findings underscore the need for a co-design approach to distributed quantum computing, which our framework is designed to support.
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All authors Luke Andreesen, Shobhit Gupta, Sean Sullivan, Manish Kumar Singh

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Automatic astrometric calibration of low-cost all-sky cameras

J. R. González Fernández, Laura Hermosa Muñoz, María Fernández Alonso et al. (+1 more)

All-sky cameras support weather monitoring, amateur astronomy, fireball and space-debris detection, and measurements of light pollution. These applications require reliable astrometric calibration despite imperfect camera alignment and variable observing conditions. We present an open-source procedure that combines a compact fisheye model, an exact rotation to account for camera tilt, and automatic star matching. It can initialise a calibration from a single frame given the observing site coordinates and observation time. We evaluate the procedure on nine cloud-free, moonless frames, obtained with a Raspberry Pi camera and a 1.55 mm lens. Fitting on eight frames and evaluating on the ninth in turn gives a median residual of 0.70 px (95% interval 0.64-0.80 px) across 4172 matches, reduced to 0.60 px by two optional decentering parameters. All nine single-frame calibrations pass the quality criteria and predict positions on other frames with a median residual of 0.77 px. We also apply the clear-sky calibration to 73 frames with varying lunar illumination or cloud cover, obtaining comparable residuals for accepted matches on moonlit frames (0.62 px). These results support reusing a calibration while the camera geometry remains unchanged and enough stars remain visible for reliable matching. To test the generality of the single-frame procedure, we calibrated one night frame from each of 23 different all-sky systems, including fireball-network cameras, observatory sky monitors and amateur stations, with images of 0.3 to 77 megapixels in JPEG, FITS and camera-raw formats. All 23 are calibrated from the site and time alone, with a median fit residual of 0.42 px. Applied to a second frame of the same camera without refitting, the calibrations give a median residual of 0.66 px over 18 systems. The procedure is available as the Python package ascal.
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All authors J. R. González Fernández, Laura Hermosa Muñoz, María Fernández Alonso, Lucía González Cuesta

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Iron Nuclei with Energy of 10^19 eV in Extragalactic Cosmic Rays Near Earth

Anna Uryson

The paper discusses the fraction of extragalactic cosmic iron nuclei with energies of 10^19 eV that reached Earth from distant sources without fragmentation in intergalactic space. It is shown that the fraction of particles with energies E = 10^19 eV is significant (about 10%), even if the redshifts of the sources reach 0.2, and not only for nearby sources.
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Materials Science

The Case Against Hall-Petch Hardening in High Entropy Carbide Ceramics

Ali Sarikhani, Ana C. Feltrin, Gregory E. Hilmas et al. (+5 more)

Grain size is often used with the Hall-Petch relationship to justify differences in hardness in ceramic materials. Herein, hardness does not vary systematically with grain-size for fully dense, single-phase (Cr,Mo,Ta,V,W)C1-{\delta} high entropy carbide ceramics for grain sizes that varied by a factor of three. Fully dense, single-phase ceramics with grain sizes from 9.3+/-0.3 to 28.8+/-0.7 microns exhibited a pronounced indentation size effect, with Vickers hardness decreasing from ~28-30 GPa at 0.49 N to ~20-21 GPa at 9.81 N, and Berkovich nanohardness ranging from 26 to 30 GPa at 10 mN. However, at a given load, hardness remained within a narrow range across the grain-size series, and no consistent Hall-Petch dependence was resolved. The lack of grain-size dependence likely indicates that the deformation volume sampled by the indenter was not controlled by grain-boundary interactions; instead, hardness was governed primarily by indentation load and local response of the rock salt carbide matrix.
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All authors Ali Sarikhani, Ana C. Feltrin, Gregory E. Hilmas, David W. Lipke, Douglas E. Wolfe, Stefano Curtarolo, Shen J. Dillon, William G. Fahrenholtz

High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Hadrophilic inelastic freeze-in dark matter in $q_1-q_2$ gauge extension and the high energy LZ event

Xiao-Gang He, Xuan Hong and Sk Jeesun

The recent observation of a single event at nuclear recoil energy $248\pm23\pm23$ keV by the LZ collaboration has prompted dark matter (DM) model builders to explore new physics explanations. While most of the existing literature invokes an endothermic scattering by a TeV-scale DM to explain the event, the favored DM interaction strength is in tension with the indirect detection constraints for most of the models. To evade this, this work explores exothermic DM scattering in a hadrophilic $q_1-q_2$ gauge extension setup with a new $Z'$ boson as a mediator to the dark sector. This can naturally escape the indirect searches in the absence of tree-level coupling of the mediator to neutrinos, $W,\tau$, and $b$ quark. We consider freeze-in production at a low reheating temperature to populate DM in the early universe, with a comparatively smaller coupling than the thermal freeze-out scenario. We identify the $Z'$ parameter space that can explain the observed relic density and LZ event simultaneously. We also discuss the relevant constraints coming from flavor mixing and FCNC.
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Superconductivity

Wrinkles and Magnetic Flux Trapping in Graphite Nanoflakes: A Possible Source and Manifestation of Room-Temperature Superconductivity

Muhammad Saad, Sergey I. Nikitin, Dmitry A. Tayurskii et al. (+1 more)

The paper reports on a possible manifestation of local high-temperature superconductivity in graphite nanoflakes obtained from the bulk pyrolytic graphite by an extended grinding and subsequent annealing at 670 K in the air. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images shows that such treatment leads to a formation of high-density wrinkle-type defects at the basal-plane surface. The sample reveals the magnetic flux trapping - one of the key signatures of superconductivity - that persists up to 390 K and above. At the same time, both the as-ground (unannealed) and annealed in the vacuum samples manifest negligible flux trapping, and no wrinkles in their TEM images were found. The direct correlation between the appearance of high-density wrinkle arrays and the detection of the trapped magnetic flux above the room temperature strongly suggests that wrinkled regions serve a source of local high-temperature superconductivity in graphite.
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All authors Muhammad Saad, Sergey I. Nikitin, Dmitry A. Tayurskii, Roman V. Yusupov

Quantum Physics · Cross-listed from cs.ET

A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Coordination Architecture for Portfolio Optimization via Global Context Injection

Xiaoguang Yang, Menghan Dou and Guoping Guo

Near-term quantum and quantum-inspired solvers for portfolio optimization rely on local subproblem execution under severe size constraints, but this locality can omit cross-cluster covariance essential for global risk coordination. We propose Context-Aware Folding (CAF), a lightweight hybrid quantum-classical coordination layer between one-shot static decomposition and full-matrix optimization. CAF injects a compressed global risk state into each local subproblem via a state-dependent linear bias, decouples local candidate generation from global commitment, and retains a sequential acceptance rule with a monotonic non-divergence guarantee. On a 2016 Russell 3000 subset (N=484) with Simulated Annealing (SA), CAF improves the scalarized mean-variance objective by 6.59% over a static baseline (20/20 wins), and by 0.2579% on an additional 2018 panel (N=1397, 17/20 wins). We further report matched folded N=40 compatibility studies with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and simulated quantum annealing (SQA) as local solvers, together with a frozen hardware-in-the-loop run on Origin Quantum's Wukong 180 (WK\_C180) for one warm-started QAOA subproblem at n=5. These results support CAF as a coordination architecture with strong classical large-scale evidence, cross-backend compatibility, and local executability on real quantum hardware in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era.
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Quantum Physics

Detectability of Post-Quantum Correlations in Symmetry-Restricted Bell Scenarios

Marek Gazdzicki and Francesco Giacosa

Searches for post-quantum correlations depend on two distinct ingredients: how abundant such correlations are in the underlying correlation space and how efficiently the chosen representation preserves their distinguishability from quantum correlations. We quantify these effects by introducing the popularity rate and the projection acceptance, whose product defines the search performance. We apply these concepts in binary-outcome Bell scenarios with symmetry-related sites, using the CHSH and pyramid representations. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between exchange-symmetric synchronous correlations and correlations satisfying only exchange symmetry. In the synchronous quantum sector, the common-vector representation follows automatically from synchrony, whereas exchange symmetry alone defines a substantially larger correlation space. We show that this distinction can qualitatively change the effectiveness of a projected search: the pyramid representation, which retains substantial discriminatory power in the synchronous sector, has no discriminatory power when only exchange symmetry is imposed. Our results provide a simple framework for assessing and comparing searches for post-quantum correlations.
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Lattice Field Theory

Renormalized Polyakov loop in accelerated gluodynamics

Victor V. Braguta, Vladimir A. Goy, Jayanta Dey et al. (+1 more)

In this paper we investigate accelerated gluodynamics for a broad intervals of temperature and acceleration. Our study is carried out within lattice simulation in the co-moving reference frame parameterized by the Rindler coordinates. We developed the renormalization prescription that allowed us to calculate renormalized Polyakov loop as a function of coordinate in the Rindler spacetime. Using the data for the renormalized local Polyakov loop, we calculated spatial dependence of the static quark free energy and effective mass of static quark. Besides the Rindler coordinates, it is believed that accelerated gluodynamics can be approximated utilizing non-accelerated gluodynamics with a properly adjusted temperature gradient in accordance with the Tolman-Ehrenfest law. We compared these approaches for the observables under study. It was found that they agree quite well close to the critical temperature and demonstrate disagreement at higher temperatures. We believe that this disagreement might be attributed to the Tolman-Ehrenfest law corrections which appear in the Rindler gluodynamics.
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All authors Victor V. Braguta, Vladimir A. Goy, Jayanta Dey, Artem A. Roenko

Quantum Physics

OpenQARP: a modular framework for quantum application research

Stefano Scali, Vicente P. Soloviev, Antonio Márquez Romero et al. (+7 more)

We introduce OpenQARP, the Open Quantum Application Research Package: an open-source Python framework for quantum application research, built on a compiled C++ core. In OpenQARP, an application is assembled from an algorithm library that orchestrates three interchangeable layers: blocks describe circuits, primitives describe what to extract from them, and engines describe how they run. The release spans near-term through fault-tolerant methods, targeting problems from electronic structure to combinatorial optimization, with device-aware compilation, circuit cutting, and resource estimation over a single set of numerical conventions that the code must follow. Every numerical feature is checked against an independent oracle, and every published timing carries a correctness check. Against OpenFermion, Qiskit/Aer, PennyLane/Lightning, Qulacs, qsim, and pytket, OpenQARP is one to two orders of magnitude faster on operator algebra and among the fastest on simulation. It matches mature compilers on two-qubit gate count, and expresses a complete algorithm in the lines a framework needs rather than the plumbing a primitive stack demands.
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All authors Stefano Scali, Vicente P. Soloviev, Antonio Márquez Romero, Brian Coyle, Giuseppe Buonaiuto, Annie Paine, Jonathan H. Fetherolf, Marcos Diez García, Michal Krompiec, Josh Kirsopp

Quantum Physics

Distribution of light-matter quantum correlations with a temporally multiplexed solid-state quantum memory array

Aya Mneimneh, Susana Plascencia, Manuel Gundin et al. (+4 more)

Multiplexed quantum memories increase the entanglement distribution rate in long-distance quantum repeater architectures by harnessing storage in several degrees of freedom. Here, we report on the distribution of light-matter quantum correlations using an array of time-multiplexed solid-state quantum memories. We store telecom-heralded single photons sequentially in up to ten memory cells using the full atomic frequency comb protocol with on-demand read-out in a Pr$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal. Leveraging both spatial and temporal multiplexing, we demonstrate quantum correlations between the telecom photon and up to 60 spatio-temporal modes of the quantum memory array. We then transmit the heralding telecom photon over 39.1 km of deployed optical fiber in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. In a realistic scenario where the generation rate is limited by the two-way communication time, we show that up to 15 % of the $393 \mu s$ round-trip communication time is filled with communication trials, leading to a 60-fold enhancement in the rate of detected telecom photons correlated with the quantum memory array, compared to a single-mode memory. With increased storage times and efficiencies, our multiplexed quantum memory array will constitute the backbone of a long-distance quantum network, establishing remote entanglement at high rates.
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All authors Aya Mneimneh, Susana Plascencia, Manuel Gundin, Jonathan Hänni, Samuele Grandi, Markus Teller, Hugues de Riedmatten

Optics

Setup and performance of focal-plane characterization benches for high precision astrometry

Fabrice Pancher, Sebastien Soler, Fabien Malbet et al. (+7 more)

Detecting Earth-like exoplanets requires micro-arcsecond astrometry, which relies on a precisely calibrated focal plane equipped with high-resolution detectors. Accurate calibration depends on characterizing detector imperfections and systematic effects. Optical benches have been developed to assess the sensor's behavior: an integrating-sphere setup for electro-optical parameters, an interferometric bench for pixel-level geometry, and a star-field projection system for intrinsic distortion. This work presents the characterization benches built for a 46-Megapixels (MP) imaging sensor, based on the same technology as the four 220-MP detectors foreseen for the final focal-plane, and the performance metrics obtained from these setups in the context of NASA's HWO and ESA's M-class missions. Upgrades will bring the test environment closer to operational conditions: a second 46-MP sensor will be added for multi-detector tests, plus an adjustable-angle fringeprojection system and improved alignment.
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All authors Fabrice Pancher, Sebastien Soler, Fabien Malbet, Hugo Rousset, Manon Lizzana, Alain Leger, Thierry Lépine, Florence Ardellier-Desages, Jerôme Amiaux, Pierre-Olivier Lagage

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Opto-Electrical Detection of Donor Bound Excitons in Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate

A. Kanniainen, A. S. Kumar, A. Sammak et al. (+2 more)

Spin of a donor bound electron in silicon has been shown to be a very coherent qubit system but lacks a coherent optical interface. There does, however, exist a donor bound exciton transition that can be excited optically but decays dominantly via an Auger recombination producing an electrical signal. This provides an opto-electrical pathway for spin readout. Scaling this readout to single-spin level will require interfacing the spins with silicon photonics for efficient guiding of photons, which in turn will require moving to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. Here we demonstrate first ensemble opto-electronic measurements of donor bound excitons in SOI material, including isotopically purified 28-Si device layers. The experiments show pronounced shifts in the resonance wavelengths and broadenings of the transition linewidths compared to the bulk experiments.
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All authors A. Kanniainen, A. S. Kumar, A. Sammak, G. Scappucci, J. T. Muhonen

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Compelling evidence of a link between the lags of the quasi-periodic oscillations and the radio jet in the black-hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105

Candela Bellavita, Mariano Méndez, Federico García et al. (+5 more)

GRS 1915+105 is one of the most studied black-hole X-ray binaries, known for its extreme variability and rich phenomenology. Previous studies of this source with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer reported a transition of the phase-lags of type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) from soft, where low-energy photons lag the high-energy ones, when the QPO frequency is higher than ${\sim} 2 ~{\rm Hz}$, to hard when the QPO frequency decreases below ${\sim} 2 ~{\rm Hz}$. The hard-lags of the QPO coincide with episodes of strong radio emission. We analyse NICER observations of GRS 1915+105 obtained between 2018 and 2020, during a period in which the source flux decreased steadily, and perform a detailed spectral-timing study of the detected type-C QPOs. We find a type-C QPO with frequencies in the range of ${\sim} 1.3$-$3.9 ~{\rm Hz}$, which displays soft lags and, contrary to the RXTE observations, shows no evidence of hard phase lags at frequencies below $2~{\rm Hz}$. Quasi-simultaneous AMI-LA radio observations show consistently low radio flux (${\lesssim} 5 ~{\rm mJy}$) during this period. These results appear to show that the hard QPO lags in GRS 1915+105 are linked to the presence of strong radio activity, suggesting that the relativistic jet is responsible for the hard phase lags, supporting a scenario in which QPO phase lags trace changes in coronal geometry and accretion-ejection coupling in GRS 1915+105.
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All authors Candela Bellavita, Mariano Méndez, Federico García, Sara Motta, Pengcheng Yang, Wyncko Tonckens, Liang Zhang, Rob Fender

Superconductivity

Thermal Hall effect in elemental niobium, a two-gap superconductor

Jing Zhang, Xiaokang Li, Kamran Behnia et al. (+1 more)

Niobium holds a pivotal place in superconductivity history: it is not only the elemental superconductor with the highest critical temperature, but also a long-standing candidate for multiband pairing whose evidence has remained controversial. A two-gap scenario was proposed as early as 1959, yet experimental proof stayed elusive. Here, through thermal Hall effect measurements, we unambiguously demonstrate a crossover in transverse thermal transport below $T_{\rm c}$, where the dominant carrier switches from hole-like to electron-like upon cooling. This crossover is a clear hallmark of two distinct superconducting condensates. Fitting our data to a two-gap Bardeen-Rickayzen-Tewordt (BRT) model yields a second energy gap of approximately 0.22 $k_{\rm B}T_{\rm c}$, only 11% of the dominant gap. This small gap size accounts for the difficulty in resolving the two-gap structure in earlier experiments. Crucially, the temperature at which the electron-like contribution to longitudinal thermal conductivity begins to dominate coincides with the onset of the sign reversal in the thermal Hall coefficient, confirming consistency between the two methods, and providing crucial information on the assignment of the superconducting gaps to their respective hole- or electron-like Fermi surface sheets. These findings not only resolve a longstanding controversy, but also establish that multigap superconductivity is far more common than previously assumed, and demonstrate the thermal Hall effect as a powerful probe for resolving gap multiplicities in superconductors.
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All authors Jing Zhang, Xiaokang Li, Kamran Behnia, Zengwei Zhu

Quantum Physics

Efficient quantum state tomography with two complementary projective measurements

Xiang Li, Yong Wang, Lijun Liu et al. (+3 more)

Quantum state tomography (QST) is of fundamental importance to characterize quantum systems in quantum information processing, but its practical implementation is severely hindered by the exponential scaling of measurement and computational costs. In this paper, we present a novel QST protocol that utilizes Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) quasiprobability to reconstruct quantum states. First, it enables state reconstruction with only two complementary rank-one projective measurements, thus significantly reducing the measurement cost. Then, a complex logistic regression estimator is proposed to process collected KD data, together with a projected gradient algorithm to mitigate numerical instability and to accelerate convergence. The product-operator structure of KD quasiprobability is further exploited to reduce the computational cost. Finally, extensive experiments are implemented to confirm the validity of our protocol. Notably, the full reconstruction of randomly generated 15-qubit mixed-state instances can be accomplished within 20 minutes under the GPU implementation. These results suggest a promising route toward scalable QST and benchmarking large-scale quantum systems.
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All authors Xiang Li, Yong Wang, Lijun Liu, Yiguang Hong, Qing Gao, Shuming Cheng

Optics

Extracting dipole orientations from asymmetric plasmonic nanostructures towards machine-learning-assisted spectropolarimetry

P. Christian Simo, Michaela Zbytovska, Annika Mildner et al. (+4 more)

In this work, nanoparticles with various asymmetries are analyzed for their azimuthal orientations using polarimetric dark-field spectroscopy at different analyzing angles of a linear polarizer. This approach reveals their spectral behavior in terms of electric far-field dipole intensities when modeled with an analytical dipole model. By simultaneously fitting the spectra from a set of analyzer angles, the respective dipole orientations are extracted. In a statistical approach, all non-repeating permutations are further studied with a machine learning algorithm. The resulting azimuthal distribution of dipole orientations coincides well with the geometric orientations derived from simulations and electron microscope images. A histogram gradient boosting regressor evaluates the impact of the measurement setup on the simultaneously fitted sets, linking the weights of the analyzer angles to the asymmetry in the plasmonic systems. This comprehensive spectroscopic method improves the accuracy of dipole orientation measurements and enables modern machine learning models to interpret potentially complex features of nanostructures.
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All authors P. Christian Simo, Michaela Zbytovska, Annika Mildner, Lukas Lang, Melanie Sommer, Dieter P. Kern, Monika Fleischer

High Energy Physics (Theory) · Cross-listed from math.NT

Singular automorphic products and BKM algebras

Kaiwen Sun, Haowu Wang and Brandon Williams

After proving the moonshine conjecture, Borcherds asked in 1995 whether there exist only finitely many holomorphic automorphic products of singular weight. We show that, up to conjugation, there are exactly 27 such products on lattices of the form $2U\oplus L$. The classification proceeds by identifying each product at a standard $1$-dimensional cusp with the superdenominator of a BKM superalgebra that carries a graded module structure over an affine Lie superalgebra $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$. The auxiliary algebras $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ are shown to satisfy strong conditions that reduce the possibilities to an initial list of 1372 candidates. An elimination argument leaves exactly 85 algebras $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ that correspond to the 27 products. This classification is closely connected with certain distinguished families of vertex operator superalgebras. Our results provide a systematic framework for extending affine Lie superalgebras to hyperbolic ones with modularity, generalizing the work of Feingold and Frenkel (1983).
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Hyperon polarization in deep inelastic scattering

A. Kerbizi

We have implemented the recent extension of the string+${}^3P_0$ model of spin-dependent hadronization that includes the production of spin-$1/2$ baryons in the Pythia event generator for the simulation of deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The implementation in Pythia is performed by extending the StringSpinner package, which is then used to study the spontaneous polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons produced in the current and target fragmentation regions in DIS with an unpolarized proton target. We find a large spontaneous polarization for $\Lambda$s in the target fragmentation region, calling for the measurement of such observable that can shed light on the quark spin dependence of hadronization.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

First Observation and Dynamical Study of the $D^+_s\to f_{0}(980) \mu^+\nu_\mu$ Decay

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+767 more)

Using 7.33 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies from 4.128 to 4.226 GeV, we report the first observation and dynamical study of the semileptonic decay $D^+_s\to f_{0}(980) \mu^+\nu_\mu$. The absolute branching fraction of $D^+_s\to f_{0}(980) \mu^+\nu_\mu$ with $ f_{0}(980)\to \pi^+ \pi^-$ is $(1.59 \pm 0.18_{\rm stat} \pm 0.11_{\rm syst}) \times10^{-3}$. Combining this result with our earlier BESIII measurement of ${\mathcal B}(D^+_s\to f_{0}(980) e^+\nu_e)$, their ratio is found to be $\frac{{\mathcal B}(D^+_s\to f_{0}(980) \mu^+\nu_\mu)}{{\mathcal B}(D^+_s\to f_{0}(980)e^+\nu_e)} = 0.92\pm0.13_{\rm stat}\pm0.08_{\rm syst}$, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of lepton flavor universality. From a dynamical analysis of the $D_{s}^{+} \to f_{0}(980)\mu^+\nu_\mu$ decay with a simple pole parametrization for the hadronic transition form factor, the product of the form factor $f^{f_{0}(980)}_{+}(0)$ and the $c\to s$ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cs}|$ is determined to be $f^{f_{0}(980)}_{+}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.490\pm0.059_{\rm stat}\pm0.025_{\rm syst}$. Averaging with our previously reported result for the $D_{s}^{+} \to f_{0}(980)e^+\nu_e$ decay, we obtain $f^{f_{0}(980)}_{+}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.500\pm0.016_{\rm stat}\pm0.020_{\rm syst}$. Using $|V_{cs}|$ from the CKMfitter group, we extract $f^{f_{0}(980)}_{+}(0)=0.514\pm0.017_{\rm stat}\pm0.021_{\rm syst}$. This represents the most precise determination of the $D_{s} \to f_{0}(980)$ transition form factor to date, and provides stringent tests of various theoretical models.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, M. S. Anderson, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, Z. J. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Chunkai Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. T. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. L. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, L. M. Mansur, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, I. V. Ovtin, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, W. R. Ruangyoo, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, M. Schernau, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, Ch. Y. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, H. Tabaharizato, N. T. Tagsinsit, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, Z. H. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, K. Yu. Todyshev, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, B. Wang, Bin Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Chao Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, F. K. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, Mi Wang, N. Y. Wang, P. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, T. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Yanning Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zhi Wang, Ziyi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, D. J. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, H. R. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Z. Wu, H. L. Xia, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, D. B. Xiong, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, R. J. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. G. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. M. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Youhua Yang, Z. Y. Yang, W. J. Yao, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, K. Yi, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, Yongchao Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, Jie Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Yujie Zeng, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, Gengyuan Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, Han Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Ziyu Zhang, G. Zhao, J.-P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, M. Zhuge, J. H. Zou, J. Zu

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Stellar activity in a post-merger Giant star

Hans Moritz Günther, C. Melis, K. J. Shen et al. (+3 more)

Binary stars are the progenitors of exotic objects, such as supernovae and gravitational wave sources. However, some systems merge earlier when the primary expands into a giant star at the end of its lifetime on the main sequence and causes its companion to spiral in. TYC 4144-329-2 is a candidate post-merger first ascent giant star with a circumstellar disk seen in the infrared (IR). We detect weak X-ray and far ultraviolet (FUV) emission from TYC 4144-329-2, which we interpret as a signature of weak coronal activity. We also find variability in Ha line profiles and in the optical light curves and we suggest an intermediate geometry where the line-of-sight passes through the upper layers of a flared disk with a time variable column density. While the X-rays must be coronal, the Ha line profiles point to ongoing and variable accretion. We suggest that TYC 4144-329-2's merger was more recent than other stars in this class and that it did not yet have time to develop a deep convection zone. If this scenario holds, TYC 4144-329-2 would be a unique probe of the earliest stages in the evolution of post-merger systems.
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All authors Hans Moritz Günther, C. Melis, K. J. Shen, Eric G. Blackman, K. Hoadley, P. C. Schneider

Soft Condensed Matter

Liquid water stability as network resilience

Nicolás A. Loubet and Gustavo A. Appignanesi

Liquid water is unusually stable, remaining liquid across a wide range of temperatures and even when confined to spaces only a few molecules wide. Yet it eventually fails in both settings: boiling at the critical temperature or drying in narrow pores, phenomena normally studied separately. Water's hydrogen-bond network is thought to underlie this stability, but tracking bond survival has not resolved the puzzle. Extending a concept we recently introduced for wetting (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 148, 21572 (2026)), we show that these stability limits can be accurately derived from a previously overlooked network property: resilience, the capacity to locally repair a broken bond. Only interactions too weak to be repaired constitute genuine defects, a far smaller population than conventional definitions suggest. While intact bonds remain abundant up to failure and conventionally broken bonds already percolate well before it, instability coincides with the percolation of these genuine defects. Comparing local interaction energies with a single intrinsic scale (identified a priori) predicts the wetting-hydrophobicity crossover, nanoconfinement cavitation, and bulk criticality. These phenomena are thus unified through a common molecular framework whose energetic scale also matches a long-unexplained spectroscopic feature of water. A single, parameter-free molecular criterion rooted in network resilience suffices.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Measurement of the cross sections of $e^+e^-\to K_{S}^{0}\bar\Xi^{0}\Lambda/\Sigma^{0} + \text{c.c.}$ at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.951 GeV

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+779 more)

Using $e^+e^-$ collision data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.951 GeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 44.55 fb$^{-1}$, the Born cross sections of the processes $e^+e^- \to K_S^0 \bar{\Xi}^0 \Lambda/\Sigma^0+\text{c.c.}$ are measured with a partial-reconstruction strategy. The dressed cross sections for the channels $e^+e^- \to K_S^0 \bar{\Xi}^0 \Lambda/\Sigma^0 + \text{c.c.}$ are fitted with a model consisting of a power-law function and a charmonium (-like) resonance, considering the candidates $\psi(3770)$, $\psi(4040)$, $\psi(4160)$, $Y(4230)$, $Y(4360)$, $\psi(4415)$, $Y(4500)$, $Y(4660)$, and $Y(4710)$. No significant resonance contribution is observed in any of the fits. The upper limits for the products of the electronic partial widths and branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are provided.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, M. S. Anderson, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, Z. J. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, K. X. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Chunkai Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, Zaiyi Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. T. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, C. L. Ma, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, L. M. Mansur, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, A. F. Mohammad, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, I. V. Ovtin, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, C. Y. Pang, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, L. Y. Qian, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, W. R. Ruangyoo, N. 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Atomic Physics

Interactions and excitation blockade of Rydberg macrodimers

Dhiya Varghese, Rejish Nath, Simon Hollerith et al. (+1 more)

We present a theoretical study of interactions between Rydberg macrodimers, molecular bound states of Rydberg atoms, and the largest known neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules. Accounting for the large number of molecular interaction channels from four interacting Rydberg atoms, we show that macrodimer-macrodimer interactions are anisotropic and similar in strength and range to atomic-state Rydberg interactions. Our analysis reveals the presence of two-atom, three-atom, and four-atom contributions in the bimolecular system, and elucidates how these interactions are rooted in the underlying atomic Rydberg-state couplings. Our calculations of the excitation blockade between macrodimers are in reasonable agreement with experimentally observed signals, and pave the way for the exploration of optically controlled collective quantum dynamics in molecular systems.
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All authors Dhiya Varghese, Rejish Nath, Simon Hollerith, Valentin Walther

Fluid Dynamics

Fluctuation-dissipation relations in isotropic turbulence from Kraichnan's fully resolved DIA closure

Elias Kohler and Matthias Fuchs

Kraichnan's Direct Interaction Approximation (DIA) provides a classical closure framework for homogeneous turbulence, yet its quantitative predictions across all scales remain incompletely understood. We present a fully resolved numerical solution of the forced DIA equations without additional modelling assumptions, enabling a consistent analysis of stationary spectral properties and temporal dynamics across all wavenumbers. The main focus is on the fluctuation-dissipation relation between the normalised velocity correlation function and the Green function of linear response. This relation holds only at large scales and is systematically violated in the inertial and dissipation ranges. The non-Gaussian nature of this violation is encoded in the DIA through its non-Markovian equations, even though the DIA can be derived using a Gaussian mean-field approximation in the stochastic field functional. In the inertial range, characteristic decay times agree quantitatively with those obtained from direct numerical simulations, while deviations arise in the dissipation range. These results highlight the ability of the DIA to capture temporal dynamics despite its limitations in predicting spectral scaling.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Xenon Isotope Filtering at the Kinematic Edge of Inelastic Dark Matter

Waqas Ahmed, Ammara Ahmad and Mansoor Ur Rehman

Motivated by high-energy xenon recoil searches, we study isotope-dependent endothermic dark-matter scattering near the upper speed boundary of a truncated Galactic halo. Small differences among xenon nuclear masses shift the minimum incident speed and can be strongly amplified when the required velocity approaches the end of the halo distribution. We formulate the isotope-resolved coherent-contact rate and separate this kinematic filtering from high-momentum nuclear suppression. For $m_\chi=1.1~\TeV$, $\delta=365~\keV$, and $E_R=248~\keV$, the kinematic-only benchmark gives $f_{136}^{\rm kin}\simeq0.289$, while after Helm weighting the largest contribution is $f_{132}\simeq0.346$ and the $^{136}$Xe fraction falls to $\simeq0.094$. For idealized pure-isotope targets at fixed detector mass, microscopic coupling, and halo, the integrated $225$–$271~\keV$ responses relative to natural xenon are approximately $0.404$, $1.235$, and $1.693$ for $^{129}$Xe, $^{132}$Xe, and $^{136}$Xe, respectively. A single effective-xenon nucleus also fails to reproduce the full isotope sum accurately near the edge, changing the benchmark window rate by about $8\%$ and producing larger spectral distortions. These quantitative results depend on the high-speed halo and on the assumed nuclear response; the isotope-dependent kinematic support does not. The calculation is a theory-level diagnostic rather than an LZ likelihood fit or event-by-event isotope identification.
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Quantum Physics

A Nonrecursive Lindblad Quantization of Dissipative Polynomial Dynamics

Tingfei Li

We present a direct and nonrecursive construction that maps an arbitrary planar polynomial dissipative flow $\dot{\alpha}=h(\alpha,\alpha^*)$ to an open quantum system in Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad form. Given the homogeneous components of the classical drift, the corresponding Hamiltonian and collapse-operator blocks are obtained algebraically and independently at each degree. No recursive cancellation of lower-order terms is required: in the large-amplitude limit $|\alpha|\sim S\to\infty$, ordering-generated lower-degree terms are parametrically suppressed, while mean-field closure yields the prescribed leading $O(S)$ drift for semiclassically localized states. This provides a simple and systematic route from dissipative classical dynamics to explicit open-quantum-system realizations, without claiming a unique microscopic quantization of the classical flow. We demonstrate the construction for stable fixed points, a Hopf bifurcation, and a bistable-ring flow. The corresponding Liouvillian spectra recover the classical relaxation exponents, the radial Floquet exponent and neutral phase direction of a limit cycle, and the separation between local relaxation and inter-ring switching in the bistable case. These examples show that the construction can be used not only to analyze a given quantum model, but also to design open quantum systems with prescribed classical dynamical structures in the semiclassical limit.
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Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Percolation threshold in cluster-assembled nanogranular palladium films and related strategies for hydrogen detection

A. Debot, D. Balakrishnan, A.M. Philippe et al. (+1 more)

Electrical transport in cluster-assembled nanogranular palladium films was investigated in-situ during growth by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition. The percolation onset is observed at a thickness of 1.5 nm, while the percolation completion at 2.5 nm. Films at the percolation thickness (2 nm) and beyond the percolation end (5 nm) were subsequently exposed ex-situ to 0.25% hydrogen in air to investigate how hydrogen-induced structural changes in Pd clusters modulate electrical transport and can be exploited as mechanism for selective hydrogen detection. Implantation of palladium clusters in soft polymer styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene was also explored to promote clusters separation and enhance quantum tunnelling phenomena within electrical transport. The observed electrical transport pattern features stable baselines in air, suggesting material stability, fast response time (T50% < 10 s), and the coexistence of reversible and irreversible components in conduction changes induced by hydrogen exposure. The irreversible component is tentatively attributed to hydrogen-promoted partial coalescence of Pd clusters. The behaviour of the polymer implanted samples suggests an alternative gas detection mechanism where hydrogen-induced polymer swelling dominates over palladium structural modifications. These results disclose novel possible transducing routes for miniaturized hydrogen detection and multimodal sensing.
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All authors A. Debot, D. Balakrishnan, A.M. Philippe, E. Barborini