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Physics

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Saturday 5 September

Nuclear Theory

Effective kinetic theory description of the magnetic field-induced anisotropic gluon pressure during pre-equilibrium in heavy-ion collisions

Khwahish Kushwah, Alejandro Ayala, Gabriel S. Denicol et al. (+1 more)

We develop an effective kinetic description for the interaction of gluons and magnetic fields during the pre-equilibrium stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. For this purpose, we formulate the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation with the interaction term modeled by the effect of the magnetic field on the elements of an electrically charged and colored dipole originating from the quantum fluctuation of gluons into quark-antiquark pairs. We find the numerical solution of the collisionless Boltzmann-Vlasov equation with a time-dependent magnetic field profile to determine the time evolution of the directional pressures. The presence of the magnetic field tames the growth of the transverse to longitudinal pressure ratio compared with the case in the absence of the magnetic field; however, the system does not isotropize since collisions are not included. We study the cases of initial gluon distributions with longitudinal anisotropies, as well as the case of an initial isotropic gluon distribution. In both cases, we find that the magnetic field produces a non-monotonic early-time response for large values of the initial magnetic field strength.
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All authors Khwahish Kushwah, Alejandro Ayala, Gabriel S. Denicol, Ana Mizher

Geophysics

Seismic P-wave attenuation estimation based on frequency-dependent AVO using Kramers-Kronig relations for gas reservoir prediction

Shengyi Wang, Xuehua Chen, Xingyu Luo et al. (+1 more)

Estimation of seismic attenuation (inverse quality factor) is important for gas reservoir prediction. Two key issues in seismic attenuation estimation are the development of a physically consistent reflection coefficient equation and stable estimation of seismic attenuation from seismic data. To address these issues, this study, within the framework of isotropic linear viscoelastic media, starts from the Kramers-Kronig relations and expresses the viscoelastic stiffness matrix as a function of seismic attenuation. Under the assumptions of weak attenuation and small elastic and attenuation contrasts across the interface, a frequency-dependent PP-wave reflection coefficient equation explicitly containing seismic attenuation terms is derived using scattering theory. The derived reflection coefficient equation not only satisfies the causality constraint, but also preserves a compact mathematical form. Based on this reflection coefficient equation, seismic attenuation is estimated within the framework of frequency-dependent AVO inversion. Synthetic seismic data tests show that the estimated P-wave attenuation attribute is sensitive to variations in reservoir gas saturation, with reservoirs of higher gas saturation exhibiting stronger P-wave attenuation anomalies. Application to field seismic data further demonstrates that the P-wave attenuation anomalies agree well with the gas saturation log and effectively identify high gas saturation reservoirs. This study provides a new approach for extracting P-wave attenuation information from seismic data and achieving high resolution prediction of gas reservoirs.
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All authors Shengyi Wang, Xuehua Chen, Xingyu Luo, Kaixing Huang

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Slow rotation of a localized Kalb-Ramond wormhole: Wald charges and fractional quadrupolar hair

Sardor Murodov

We construct an action-consistent slow-rotation branch, through second order, for a traversable wormhole supported by a phantom scalar, a scalar-localized radial string sector, and a Kalb-Ramond two-form coupled nonminimally to both the Ricci scalar and Ricci tensor. For the regular benchmark branch, covariant asymptotic analysis shows a vanishing ADM mass, while the first-order axial mode carries finite Iyer-Wald angular momentum. The nonminimal contributions to the angular charge decay at infinity, so the covariant and metric definitions of angular momentum agree. At second order, no nonzero mass correction is resolved; at fixed asymptotic scalar charge, rotation increases the throat area and makes the throat oblate. The most distinctive result arises in the quadrupolar sector. A long-range polar Kalb-Ramond response couples to the localized background and generates a matter-supported metric tail that decays more slowly than the ordinary vacuum quadrupole. The same noninteger hierarchy appears in curvature and reduces the differentiability of the conformal completion at spatial infinity. Consequently, the Geroch-Hansen and asymptotically Cartesian mass-centered quadrupole constructions are not applicable in their standard smooth form to this branch, even though its global mass and angular-momentum charges remain well defined. This separates charge-level asymptotic flatness from smooth multipolar asymptotics and identifies fractional Kalb-Ramond hair as the leading rotational quadrupolar signature of the benchmark solution.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Decipher the nature of glueball candidate $X(2370)$

Sheng-Qi Zhang, Bing-Dong Wan and Cong-Feng Qiao

As a unique form of matter composed entirely of gauge bosons, glueballs are an important low-energy prediction of QCD. After decades of searches, the BESIII Collaboration recently suggested that $X(2370)$ may contain a dominant glueball component, based largely on evidence that it is approximately a flavor singlet. Recognizing that flavor-singlet character does not uniquely identify a glueball, we perform a comprehensive analysis using available mass, flavor-singlet, and decay constraints. We find that three flavor-singlet configurations-hybrid meson, tetraquark state, and trigluon glueball-can satisfactorily reproduce the existing experimental data. Among these possibilities, the hybrid structure best describes the measured three-pseudoscalar decay ratios. To ultimately pin down the dominant structure of $X(2370)$, we propose measuring the decay-width ratios $a_0(1450)\pi/[K_0^*(1430)\bar K+\mathrm{c.c.}]$ and $\phi\phi/[b_1(1235)\rho]$, which can exclusively distinguish these three scenarios.
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Optics

Optoelectronic Reservoir Computing with an On-Chip True-Time-Delay Element

Ahmad Murad, Shadad Watad and Alina Karabchevsky

Compact delay elements remain a central challenge in photonic neuromorphic processors. Here, we demonstrate an optoelectronic delayed-feedback reservoir computer that incorporates a foundry-fabricated silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) true-time-delay circuit within its feedback loop. Eight cascaded Archimedean spirals provide a \SI{1.76}{\metre} on-chip optical path and a calculated passive group delay of \SI{11.63}{\nano\second}. At a feedback gain of $G=0.0223$, the system classifies sinusoidal and square waveforms without error (word error rate, WER\,$=$\,0 across all cross-validation folds), predicts the Mackey–Glass chaotic series with a best-fold normalized mean-square error (NMSE) of $0.0082$, and performs nine-class Japanese Vowels speaker classification with WER\,$=$\,0.0898. We also introduce a subcarrier phase-encoding method that maps the calculated $0.232\pi$ spiral-to-reference phase contrast onto the measured reservoir states through deliberate aliasing, achieving NMSE\,$=$\,0.0767 and WER\,$=$\,0 without increasing the insertion-loss-limited feedback gain. These results show that on-chip propagation delay in Si$_3$N$_4$ can operate as a functional component of an optoelectronic reservoir computer and motivate lower-loss, more-integrated implementations.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Observational properties of magnetized quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder black holes

Anuar Idrissov and Hernando Quevedo

We consider a thin accretion disk around the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder black hole immersed in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field, together with the gravitational capture of test particles by the black hole. The field is described as a Wald test field and acts only on the weakly charged matter of the disk. We find that the quantum correction affects the disk only slightly, while the magnetic coupling strongly increases its radiative efficiency and luminosity and suppresses the Doppler blue peak of the iron K$\alpha$ line, which becomes a single peak below the rest frame energy. On the other hand, the quantum correction reduces all capture cross sections, while the magnetic field does not affect the capture of photons and confines charged particles to a finite region. Therefore, in principle, the two effects may be distinguished by combining spectral and shadow observations.
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Quantum Physics

Boundary-Canceled Score-Hamiltonian Sampling

Masayuki Ohzeki

Diffusion sampling is related to imaginary-time quantum annealing through a forward/backward Schrödinger equation pair and its one-sided counterdiabatic connection. For a smooth, gapped Score-Hamiltonian path, the exact connection transports the target density at any evolution time. We apply quantum-annealing performance analysis to residuals from approximating this connection with a trained score. If the first $r$ terminal schedule derivatives vanish, the squared Hellinger error scales as $T^{-2r-2}$, with a prefactor determined by the terminal learning residual and inverse gaps. Direct two-dimensional imaginary-time evolution with one fixed neural score reproduces these powers and prefactors. Terminal schedule design thus suppresses the distributional effect of imperfect score learning without retraining the network.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Prospective study of light dark matter search in positron beam mode with DarkSHINE experiment initiative

Xu-Liang Zhu, Haidar Mas'ud Alfanda, Shu Li et al. (+4 more)

We perform the prospective study on searching for invisibly decayed dark photons ($A^{\prime}$) in positron-on-fixed-target (POT) scheme with the DarkSHINE experiment simulation setup. In the positron-on-fixed-target scheme, two additional production channels of dark photons via annihilation with extranuclear electrons are present: non-resonant t-channel ($e^+e^-N \to \gamma A^{\prime}N$) and resonant s-channel ($e^+e^-N \to A^{\prime}N$), alongside bremsstrahlung emission similar to electron-on-fixed-target scheme. Based on a GEANT4 full detector simulation of an 8 GeV positron beam with $3 \times 10^{14}$ POT events, we developed an analysis strategy using missing energy and momentum signatures across three orthogonal signal regions optimized for these channels. Our results indicate that the additional annihilation channels of dark photon production enhance the dark photon invisible decay search sensitivity, improving the exclusion limits by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to previous constraints in the electron-on-fixed target (EOT) scheme, particularly near the center-of-mass energy threshold for annihilation production of dark photons.
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All authors Xu-Liang Zhu, Haidar Mas'ud Alfanda, Shu Li, Kun Liu, Tong Sun, Haijun Yang, Yi-Fan Zhu

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Large Nernst effect in chemically derived multilayer graphene at millitesla magnetic fields

Valentin Semkin, Denis Borisenko, Yana Litun et al. (+4 more)

Simple synthesis of graphitic compounds, their high conductivity, and integrability with other materials motivate the effort toward graphite-based thermoelectric generators. At the same time, semimetallic nature of graphite and graphene results in nearly-zero thermopower due to electron-hole compensation. Here, we observe large transverse thermopower in chemically derived multilayer graphene films with strong fluctuations of thickness and carrier density at low magnetic fields $B$. Using the scanning laser-induced heating of macroscopic film, we find that transverse (Nernst) thermoelectric voltage becomes comparable to the longitudinal thermoelectric voltage at the metal-doped graphene contact at $B^*\approx4$ mT and ambient conditions. Estimates of transverse thermopower $S_{xy}$ based on the known laser-induced temperature show that it is as large as $\sim 10$ $\mu$V/K at $B^*$, and raises in a sub-linear fashion to 250 $\mu$V/K at $B\approx315$ mT, the maximum field we reach with centimeter-sized permanent magnet. Extra increase in thermoelectric signal is achieved upon voltage measurement at Hall probes when the dc field lines are co-directional with local Nernst current. Our results show the promise of large-scale multilayer graphene for thermoelectricity generation.
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All authors Valentin Semkin, Denis Borisenko, Yana Litun, Oleg Kononenko, Dmitry Mylnikov, Alexey Bocharov, Dmitry Svintsov

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Self-supervised reconstruction of transients in data from space-borne gravitational-wave detectors

Yuxiang Xu, Minghui Du, Bo Liang et al. (+3 more)

Space-based gravitational-wave (GW) data may contain transient signals whose waveform morphologies are not known in advance. Extracting these signals is important for characterizing new sources and mitigating instrumental anomalies. However, existing deep neural network (DNN)-based extraction approaches rely on clean training targets and waveform-class-specific examples, which may limit their applicability when the transient morphology is not specified in advance. This work develops a Noise2Noise (N2N)-inspired self-supervised framework that learns from noisy observations without clean training targets and requires no transient-specific waveform templates at inference. A single model trained on noisy massive black-hole binary (MBHB) observations provides high-overlap MBHB recovery and recovers the dominant morphologies of instrumental glitches and other GW transient signals such as cosmic string bursts in source-confused test data. Beyond waveform recovery, when independent information identifies a candidate transient as instrumental, its extracted waveform can be subtracted from the data without an anomaly-specific template. In a simulated continuous data stream, this procedure substantially suppresses the injected-anomaly power within the glitch-dominated frequency band. These results support the use of self-supervised extraction for initial waveform estimation of candidate transients with unknown morphologies, enabling subsequent characterization and, where appropriate, conditional subtraction of instrumental anomalies.
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All authors Yuxiang Xu, Minghui Du, Bo Liang, Zihao Xiao, Tianyu Zhao, Peng Xu

Nuclear Theory

Improving the accuracy of the Lorentz Integral Transform method using complex kernels

Elad Parnes and Nir Barnea

The Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method is a powerful tool for calculating quantum response functions; however, it requires an ill-posed inversion. Here we show that solutions of the LIT equation can also determine two additional integral transforms: a complex Stieltjes transform and a double-pole transform, at little additional computational cost. A Fourier analysis of the associated deconvolution problem shows that both alternative kernels are better conditioned than the Lorentzian kernel at the same width parameter $\Gamma $. We benchmark the resulting inversions for deuteron photodisintegration by adding controlled noise to the LIT solutions. Relative to the standard LIT, the alternative kernels yield response functions with reduced noise-induced scatter: by a factor of 2-3 for the complex Stieltjes kernel and 3-4 for the double-pole kernel.
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Optics

Rapid and high-sensitive NV-based microwave field imaging via digital lock-in amplification for on-chip microstrip diagnostics

Zijin Fu, Yanjie Liu, Hongliang Wu et al. (+6 more)

High-resolution, high-sensitivity microwave (MW) magnetic field imaging is indispensable for non-destructive integrated circuit (IC) testing, radio-frequency device characterization, and spintronic research. Yet, the practical utility of these techniques is severely constrained by the pervasive challenge of isolating weak magnetic signatures from intense optical and electronic noise, which fundamentally limits both acquisition speed and detection sensitivity. Here, we overcome this barrier by introducing a wide-field imaging scheme based on an ensemble of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, synergistically combined with digital lock-in amplification (DLA). By exploiting digital demodulation, the DLA precisely extracts the MW-field response at a specific modulation frequency from background noise (e.g., laser intensity fluctuations), dramatically improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Consequently, our system attains a magnetic field sensitivity of 126 nT/$\sqrt(Hz)$. Critically, the unprecedented SNR permits a pixel dwell time of under one millisecond, allowing full-field images to be acquired within seconds-more than an order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art NV-based wide-field techniques. This combination of speed, sensitivity, and micron-scale spatial resolution (1.6 $\mu$m) paves the way for quasi-real-time, non-invasive diagnostics of dynamic MW devices and integrated circuits.
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All authors Zijin Fu, Yanjie Liu, Hongliang Wu, Yuchen Han, Zhengtao Wang, Haolin Li, Dezhi Zheng, Bo Zhang, Jun Zhang

Statistical Mechanics

Foundations of Many-Body Theory of Quantum Unified Statistics: Green functions and Linear Response Theory

M. Beyrami, M. N. Najafi, H. Esmaili et al. (+2 more)

We develop a comprehensive many-body theory for systems of particles obeying quantum unified statistics, or quons. After exploring the properties of the Fock space of this system, we formulate a systematic S-matrix expansion and a generalized Wick's theorem. A consistent Green-function formalism is constructed at both zero and finite temperatures, accompanied by a generalized Wick's theorem appropriate for infinite-statistics operator algebras. Within this framework, we establish diagrammatic rules for interacting quon systems. Employing the random phase approximation, we derive the dielectric function and reveal the emergence of anomalous plasmon modes that have no direct counterpart in conventional Bose or Fermi systems. We further analyze the ground-state energy, energy-loss function, generalized Thomas-Fermi screening wave vectors, and Friedel oscillations, elucidating how infinite statistics qualitatively modifies collective behavior and screening properties.
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All authors M. Beyrami, M. N. Najafi, H. Esmaili, M. Dournama, H. Mohammadzadeh

Superconductivity

Extended strange metal regime in a pure nematic quantum critical superconductor

Kousuke Ishida, Kiyotaka Mukasa, Shusaku Imajo et al. (+12 more)

High-temperature superconductivity often emerges from a strange metallic state, where the electrical resistivity exhibits a linear-in-temperature dependence over an anomalously extended temperature range. The prevailing belief is that magnetic critical fluctuations gives rise to strange metallicity, enhancing the superconducting transition temperature. Here, using high pulsed magnetic fields, we have uncovered the strange metallic ground state hidden below the superconducting dome of nonmagnetic FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$, which harbors a quantum critical point (QCP) of pure electronic nematicity, characterized by spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking. Unlike the conventional quantum criticality, this strange metallic state does not appear in a fan-shaped region above the singular QCP but spans a wide compositional range, where pairing interactions are strengthened by nonmagnetic nematic critical fluctuations. This stands in sharp contrast to the much cleaner system FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_{x}$, which displays a quantum critical fan above nematic QCP, indicating that disorder-induced spatial randomness of the nematic fluctuations likely enlarges the QCP of FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$ into an extended region of criticality, as suggested by relevant hybrid Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. These observations highlight superconductivity promoted by a unique interplay between pure nematic critical fluctuations, strange metallicity and disorder, providing new insight into the emergence of non-Fermi-liquid transport in various correlated materials.
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All authors Kousuke Ishida, Kiyotaka Mukasa, Shusaku Imajo, Andrew Hardy, Mingwei Qiu, Mikihiko Saito, Aavishkar A. Patel, Kohei Matsuura, Yuichi Sugimura, Yu Uezono, Takumi Otsuka, Nigel E. Hussey, Takao Watanabe, Koichi Kindo, Takasada Shibauchi

Mathematical Physics

An Algebraic Proof of Gauge-Fixing Independence

Jiuhe Liu

This paper provides an algebraic proof of the gauge-fixing independence of perturbative asymptotic expansions in a finite-dimensional model of non-Abelian gauge theory. We develop an algebraic framework using the BRST formalism and perturbation theory. Our main theorem shows that under appropriate transversality conditions, normalized expectation values of observables remain unchanged under smooth deformations of the gauge-fixing conditions that preserve these assumptions.
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Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Magnetically Confined Mountains on Accreting White Dwarfs

Pedro H. B. Rossetto, Manoel F. Sousa and Diego A. Falceta-Gonçalves

The hydromagnetic structure of magnetically confined mountains on accreting white dwarfs is computed, alongside the effects of accretion on the reduction of the star's magnetic field. The equilibrium structure of the mountain is obtained by numerically solving the Grad-Shafranov equation with a self-consistent scheme that enforces magnetic flux freezing. For characteristic system parameters, it is shown that magnetic field lines are significantly deformed and dragged equatorwards by mountains with masses $\sim10^{-3}M_\odot$ that have a characteristic height of $\sim10^5\,\mathrm{cm}$. A mathematical relation is obtained for the maximum mass that a white dwarf can confine magnetically given the star's magnetic field and temperature. It is found that the accretion buries the star's magnetic field by reducing it by up to $10\%$ of its pre-accretion value. The star's magnetic field remains dominantly dipolar, but with added multipolar components.
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Quantum Physics

Demailly's Conjecture in Quantum Language and Its Solution

Trung Hoa Dinh

We give an exact translation between fat-point interpolation in complex projective space and a dark-state problem for fixed-particle-number bosons. Under the unitary Fischer–Bargmann realization, homogeneous degree becomes particle number, the Veronese lift becomes a bosonic symmetric product state, and order-$m$ vanishing becomes orthogonality to all coherent jet excitations of orders below $m$. The initial degree of a symbolic power is therefore the first particle number admitting a dark state of a positive constraint Hamiltonian, and the Waldschmidt constant is the asymptotic particle cost per suppression order. After developing both sides of this dictionary from first principles, we prove a finite-scale no-dark-state amplification theorem. Frobenius amplifies the associated full-rank certificate in one good positive-characteristic fiber; a nonzero maximal minor returns it to characteristic zero. Its asymptotic consequence is Demailly's conjectured inequality. The paper is written so that the projective statement, the quantum reformulation, and the arithmetic part of the solution can be read independently and then identified exactly.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Deconfining Phase Transition under Real Rotation: A Matrix Model Study

Qianqian Du, Jing He, Yun Guo et al. (+2 more)

We construct a matrix model to study the deconfining phase transition for a pure gluon plasma that is confined in a cylinder of radius ${\cal R}$ and rotating rigidly at a real-valued angular velocity $\Omega$, satisfying $\mathcal{R} \Omega<1$. The deconfining phase transition arises due to the competition between two terms that constitute the matrix model. The perturbative term comes from the one-loop effective potential computed in the presence of a background field, while the non-perturbative term represents a correction to the perturbative contribution which is brought about by taking into account an effective mass of the gauge fields. Our results show that real rotation induces a radial inhomogeneity of the system and the deconfining temperature $T_c$ drops away from the rotation axis which is consistent with the Tolman-Ehrenfest law. As for the $\Omega$-dependence of $T_c$, it relies on our assumptions of the gluon effective mass. For a constant mass, $T_c$ is found to always decrease with increasing $\Omega$. A non-monotonic behavior of $T_c$ shows up when a $\Omega$-dependent mass is considered, leading to a qualitative change in the region of small angular velocity. In addition, by setting $\Omega=0$ to eliminate rotational effects, we also demonstrate that the finite-volume effect reduces the deconfining temperature relative to the infinite-volume limit. Comparisons between our results and those from various lattice simulations and phenomenological models suggest that controversy remains over how the deconfining phase transition is modified by real rotation and further work is required to reach a definite conclusion.
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All authors Qianqian Du, Jing He, Yun Guo, Mei Huang, Enke Wang

Biological Physics

Fluidization in Growth-Induced Morphogenesis

Min Wu

Elastic buckling has explained shape formation in growing tissues, yet the role of tissue fluidity remains elusive. We derive a minimal fluidized growth-elasticity model as a nonlinear analogue of Maxwell rheology. Analysis of a growing strip reveals a different picture of growth-induced morphogenesis: rather than emerging at a critical stress, symmetry breaking develops continuously during growth. Fluidity regulates stress evolution, the rate of shape-symmetry breaking, and flow patterns, establishing it as an active regulator of morphogenesis beyond its intuitive role in stress relaxation.
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Quantum Physics

Quantum Message Passing Convergence and Vanishing Block-Error Probability for Random LDPC Codes

Avijit Mandal, Christophe Piveteau, Joseph M. Renes et al. (+1 more)

Belief propagation with quantum messages (BPQM) is a quantum algorithm that decodes classical codes transmitted over classical–quantum channels. It realizes optimal decoding on tree factor graphs over pure-state classical-quantum channels. However, this tree-based analysis does not ensure vanishing block-error probability for LDPC Tanner graphs with cycles. In this work, we construct a two-stage BPQM decoder for random $q$-ary LDPC codes over symmetric $q$-ary pure-state channels, where $q$ is prime, and prove that its ensemble-average block-error probability vanishes as the blocklength $N$ tends to infinity. For regular ensembles with $d_v\geq3$, fidelity bounds yield double-exponential decay of the average symbol-error probability throughout the BPQM success region. We apply depth-$\ell$ BPQM to coordinates with tree neighbourhoods and treat the remaining coordinates as erasures. With a suitable $\ell=\Theta(\log\log N)$, a noncommutative union bound controls the BPQM decoding errors, while the minimum-distance property guarantees erasure recovery. We also extend the analysis to finite-support irregular ensembles. These results are relevant to quantum algorithms based on Regev's reduction, where coherent decoding uncomputes a codeword register. Decoded quantum interferometry (DQI) uses a closely related Fourier-based framework that reduces sparse max-LINSAT optimization problems to LDPC decoding problems on pure-state channels. Our results justify the use of BPQM in the decoding step of DQI and of coding-theoretic algorithms based on Regev's reduction whenever the code is drawn from one of the random LDPC ensembles analyzed here and the induced memoryless symmetric pure-state channel lies in the BPQM success region. Curiously, our numerical results indicate that DQI+BPQM achieves a satisfaction ratio that closely matches that of simulated annealing.
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All authors Avijit Mandal, Christophe Piveteau, Joseph M. Renes, Henry D. Pfister

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems

Spatio-temporal structures in frog chorus with two species examined by laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling

Kanato Kawaguchi, Ryu Takeda and Ikkyu Aihara

Synchronization can be observed in various systems in physics and biology. The choruses of male frogs are known as an example of biological synchronization in which the well-organized temporal structure, i.e., anti-phase synchronization between neighbors, is realized. Given that male frogs produce sounds to advertise their territories to competitors, the dynamics of phases and spatial coordinates should be mutually coupled in the frog choruses. In this study, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics in the choruses consisting of male Japanese tree frogs and other acoustic animals. First, we carried out playback experiments using actual frogs and observed that male Japanese tree frog synchronized in anti-phase with the stimuli of a similar frequency but did not synchronize with the stimuli of a much different frequency. Second, we modeled the choruses with two species as a system of coupled mobile oscillators and numerically evaluated how the spatio-temporal structure depends on the similarity of call frequencies. Numerical simulations of the model showed that (1) the two-cluster antisynchronization is established in the same species when the distributions of call frequencies are much different between two species and (2) the two-cluster antisynchronization is disturbed when the distributions of call frequencies are similar. These results highlight the occurrence of various spatio-temporal patterns in the proposed model, indicating the importance of repulsive effects with different weights on the variation of the spatio-temporal patterns.
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Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.FA

From Majorization to Horn and Unitary-Orbit Inequalities

Juntai Zhou

Majorization inequalities encode spectral comparisons through leading partial sums, whereas complete Horn inequalities capture all admissible selected-eigenvalue constraints associated with sums of Hermitian matrices [Fulton, 2000]. We develop a general framework for lifting majorization inequalities to this complete Horn level, which is equivalent to unitary-orbit inequalities. The main ingredients are a generalized Hersch–Zwahlen variational formula for coordinatewise monotone functions of selected eigenvalues and a Schubert-geometric lifting principle that reduces the desired Horn inequalities to the concavity or convexity of suitable scalarizer functions on matrix compressions. As examples we apply the framework to three families of operator inequalities. First, we obtain a complete Horn extension of the weak-majorization inequality for convex functions established by Aujla and Silva [Aujla and Silva, 2003]. Second, we lift the concavity and convexity results for two-variable positive-power functions due to Carlen, Frank, and Lieb and Zhang [Carlen, Frank, and Lieb, 2016; Zhang, 2020]. Third, we establish multiplicative Horn inequalities for multivariable geodesic means, including the weighted Karcher mean and the two-variable geometric mean, extending determinant-level inequalities of Bourin and Hiai [Bourin and Hiai, 2014]. The resulting statements yield unitary-orbit inequalities that generalize familiar weak-majorization, trace, and determinant inequalities.
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Materials Science

Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo Benchmark of Interlayer Binding and Charge Redistribution in Chemically Distinct Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Bilayers

Kayahan Saritas, Hyeonedok Shin, Jaron T. Krogel et al. (+3 more)

Interlayer interactions in two-dimensional materials can generate emergent phenomena absent in their constituent monolayers, including unconventional magnetic order, multiferroicity, and topological magnetic phases. Predicting such emergent behavior requires simultaneously resolving long-range dispersion, short-range orbital hybridization, and electronic correlation interactions that are intrinsically nonlocal and many-body and remain challenging even for advanced density-functional approximations. Here we establish a systematically controlled many-body benchmark for diverse bilayer materials using diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC), spanning single-sheet materials, transition-metal dichalcogenides, and magnetic transition-metal halides. We obtain equilibrium separations, binding energetics, interlayer vibrational modes, and charge redistribution, finding excellent agreement with available experiments while revealing systematic and property-dependent failures across widely used semilocal, meta-GGA, and dispersion-corrected density functionals. Beyond energetics, DMC resolves subtle interlayer charge rearrangements, particularly leading to long-ranged dipolar tails in magnetic Cr trihalides that survive well beyond the regime where semilocal DFT predicts appreciable interlayer polarization, providing a many-body basis for understanding interlayer-coupled ferroic and magnetic phenomena. The resulting energies, response properties, and high-accuracy electron densities constitute a transferable benchmark for developing next-generation density functionals. Finally, we provide a scalable high-performance-computing workflow that enables systematic expansion of many-body benchmark datasets across emerging families of layered quantum materials by the scientific community.
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All authors Kayahan Saritas, Hyeonedok Shin, Jaron T. Krogel, Anouar Benali, P. Ganesh, Paul R. C. Kent

Quantum Physics

Do Quantum AIs Dream in Paths? Path-Integral Slow Thinking through Grover Interference

Xiansheng Cai, Xiu-Hao Deng and Kun Chen

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards enables large language models to think slowly, but the same training can induce policy collapse: probability concentrates onto a few successful trajectories and exploratory diversity erodes. We ask whether quantum AI can realize slow thinking differently. We formulate slow thinking as coherent dynamics over reasoning trajectories, a discrete path integral in which action sequences coexist in superposition and recombine before measurement. In our trainable realization, an exact verifier partitions the ensemble into collective accepted and rejected components that interfere under Grover amplitude amplification. A finite Grover evolution is maximized when the pre-amplification success probability lies at an analytically determined value below one, so inference itself defines an interior training target and removes the monotonic pressure toward unit success. In exact statevector simulations of a 2x3 sliding puzzle, Grover training reaches accuracy 0.95 on a 32-question training set at one round, against 0.73 for the strongest classical control. On held-out questions specialization has a cost: an untrained uniform policy read out through the same amplification remains the strongest reference on this solution-dense benchmark, and quantum training preserves far more held-out accuracy than classical training - at four rounds with matched circuit applications the two quantum models reach 3.2 and 3.9 times the strongest classical controls. The number of training questions supported by fixed-size policies trained at each amplification budget also grows faster with the budget than with matched classical repetition. These results establish a Grover-based realization of path-integral slow thinking: the interior target preserves exploratory path diversity, and ensemble-level interference converts it into verified performance.
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Instrumentation and Detectors

An optical cryostat for automated testing of silicon photomultipliers with vacuum-ultraviolet light

Lucas Darroch, Riya Rai, Soud Al Kharusi et al. (+8 more)

We present the design and performance of an optical cryostat for testing silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light. The cryostat operates within a temperature range of 120 to 340 K, achieving a temperature stability of 1.2 mK, measured in a rolling 10-minute window once settled within a liquid nitrogen fill-cycle, and 13.8 mK over a complete fill-cycle including the refill transient. The cryostat includes a VUV-transparent CaF$_2$ viewport with a 142 mm diameter clear aperture, which limits the optically accessible sample area to 158 cm$^2$. The viewport is integrated into a sealed dark box and optical table to facilitate light delivery. VUV illumination is achieved using a custom xenon scintillation lamp or a xenon flash lamp, with a motorized two-axis linear rail system ensuring precise light positioning over the sample. This paper details the cryostat and optical system design, as well as commissioning current-voltage (IV) measurements using Hamamatsu VUV-sensitive SiPMs from 165 to 295 K and a measurement of the photodetection efficiency at 165 K.
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All authors Lucas Darroch, Riya Rai, Soud Al Kharusi, David Gallacher, Megan Marquis, Sebastian Eppelt, Iskender Isikbay, Xiao Shang, Tsvetelin Totev, Naman Walia, Thomas Brunner

Fluid Dynamics

Unsteady Thin-Airfoil Theory Revisited: An Approximate Analytical Solution and the Self-Similar Wagner Effect in Viscous Flows

Tianshu Liu, Jianfeng Lin and Shizhao Wang

An approximate analytical solution for the unsteady lift of a thin airfoil with a general unsteady motion is derived from a viscous-flow perspective, where the wake vortex-sheet strength is given in an explicit convolution-type expression as an approximate solution of the Wagner integral equation. For validation, this analytical solution is applied to the Wagner and Theodorsen problems, giving the explicit integral forms of the Wagner and Theodorsen functions as the reduced cases. Further, this analytical solution is applied to the starting flow with a finite timescale in the generalized Wagner problem, revealing the self-similarity of the re-normalized circulatory lift coefficient and its equivalence to the re-normalized Wagner function in a finite time domain. More importantly, the self-similar Wagner effect is found in numerical simulation of the flow over a starting flat-plate airfoil at low Reynolds numbers even when the flow is moderately separated. This self-similarity represents the Reynolds-number-invariance.
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Quantum Physics

High-Resolution Dynamical Eigenspectroscopy via Variational Trotter Compression on a Superconducting Qubit Processor

Liyang Sui, Xingrui Liu, Yufan Li et al. (+10 more)

The pursuit of high-resolution eigenspectroscopy on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is often hindered by the trade-off between circuit depth and coherence time. In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a dynamical eigenspectroscopy protocol that extracts fine-grained energy structures from time-dependent survival amplitudes. To overcome the finite coherence window of current superconducting processors, we employ Variational Trotter Compression (VTC) as a practical means to extend the duration of high-fidelity unitary evolution. Using a multi-connected 9-qubit superconducting processor, we reconstruct the time-domain autocorrelation signal via quantum state tomography for the H2 molecule at different bond lengths and for the Fermi-Hubbard model across different correlation regimes. Through multi-frequency fitting and Fourier analysis, the extracted eigenenergies agree with the exact-diagonalization values to within 2x10^-3, including the near-degenerate levels in the strongly interacting regime. Our results establish experimental dynamical spectroscopy as a robust and generalizable framework for simulating both quantum chemistry and strongly correlated lattice systems, bridging weak- and strong-coupling regimes on near-term quantum hardware.
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All authors Liyang Sui, Xingrui Liu, Yufan Li, Sainan Huai, Zhiwen Zong, Kunliang Bu, Xiaopei Yang, Wenyan Jin, Bowen Chen, Xutao Zhang, Jianlan Wu, Shengyu Zhang, Yi Yin

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Measurement of CP Asymmetry Parameters and Polarization Correlations in $\Omega^{-}\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ Pairs

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+776 more)

Using $(2.71 \pm 0.01) \times 10^9$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector, a joint full angular distribution analysis is carried out for the process $\psi(3686) \to \Omega^-(\to\Lambda K^-) \, \bar{\Omega}^{+}(\to \bar{\Lambda}K^+)$. The first simultaneous measurement of the weak decay parameters $\phi_{\Omega^{-}}$ and $\phi_{\bar{\Omega}^{+}}$ for $\Omega^- \to K^-\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Omega}^+ \to K^+\bar{\Lambda}$ is performed, yielding the first result for the CP-sensitive observable, $\phi_{\rm CP} = (-0.004 \pm 0.055 \pm 0.017)~\text{rad}$, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This further enables the extraction of the weak and strong phase differences between the $P$- and $D$-wave amplitudes: $(\xi_D - \xi_P) = (-0.15 \pm 2.25 \pm 0.69)~\text{rad}$ and $(\delta_D - \delta_P) = (-0.97 \pm 0.88 \pm 0.34)~\text{rad}$. Additionally, the polarization correlations between $\Omega^{-}$ and $\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ are measured.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, L. P. An, Q. An, M. S. Anderson, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, X. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. D. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, Z. J. Dong, K. B. Du, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, C. D. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, K. X. Fan, Y. H. Fan, Z. F. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, L. Q. Ge, P. T. Ge, C. Geng, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, S. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, J. Y. Hao, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, N. D. Hoffman, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, S. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao, B. W. Jin, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, S. H. Kong, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, L. Y. Lan, Q. Lan, J. Y. Lee, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. J. Li, C. K. Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, R. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. L. Li, Y. P. Li, Yi Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, Zaiyi Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. T. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. Q. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, Q. Q. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, XiaoRong Lv, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, C. L. Ma, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, L. M. Mansur, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, T. Mineeva, S. W. Ming, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, A. F. Mohammed, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, I. V. Ovtin, S. Pacetti, X. Pan, Y. Pan, C. Y. Pang, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, Y. Y. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, S. Polikarpov, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, L. Y. Qian, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, Y. Ren, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, W. R. Ruangyoo, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, M. Schernau, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, Jian Shan, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, Ch. Y. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, S. Shi, X. Shi, X. D. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. Song, Y. X. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, J. L. Su, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. S. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, H. Tabaharizato, N. T. Tagsinsit, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, H. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, Z. H. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, K. Yu. Todyshev, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, S. W. Wan, X. Wan, B. Wang, B. Q. Wang, Bin Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, C. L. Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, F. K. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. H. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, M. Wang, Mi Wang, N. Y. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-K. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Yanning Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zhi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, D. J. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, H. R. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Y. C. Wu, Z. Wu, H. L. Xia, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, J. Z. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, L. Y. Yang, N. Yang, R. J. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. G. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Z. B. Yang, Z. W. Yang, W. J. Yao, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, M. Y. Ye, Z. J. Ye, H. L. Yi, K. Yi, Junhao Yin, Qiqin Yin, X. Y. Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Yongchao Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, Jie Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Z. Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Yujie Zeng, M. Z. Zhai, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, B. L. Zhang, B. R. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, Gengyuan Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. L. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, H. Z. Zhang, Han Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, Rui Zhang, S. H. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, W.-C. Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Y. X. Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. R. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Zhaoke Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Ziyu Zhang, P. Zhang, G. Zhao, J.-P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, J. J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, M. Zhuge, J. H. Zou, J. Zu

Quantum Physics

On the sample complexity of the generalized hidden shift problem over arbitrary finite groups

Juntai Zhou

We formulate the generalized hidden shift problem over arbitrary finite groups and obtain upper and lower bounds for the sample complexity in terms of group theoretic data.

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

A Uniform Census of Variable Stars in M101 Based on HST/ACS Photometry

Jiyu Wang, Xiaodian Chen, Pinjian Chen et al. (+3 more)

We present a homogeneous HST/ACS F555W/F814W time-series census of variable stars in two M101 disk fields, using a uniform multi-band reduction and reproducible variable-selection workflow for nearby SN-host galaxies. Supplementary archival F555W epochs are used only to refine selected long-period solutions. Candidates are selected with Lomb-Scargle period searches, Fourier light-curve modeling, two-band consistency statistics, artificial-star-test photometric corrections, and mode-aware Cepheid refinement. The final catalog contains 1417 variable-star candidates, including 1102 secure fundamental-mode and 78 secure first-overtone classical Cepheids. Of these secure Cepheids, 420 are newly identified relative to the Shappee & Stanek catalog. The catalog also contains luminous candidates outside the classical Cepheid locus. We release the catalog and source-level two-band light curves for studies of Cepheid physics, stellar variability, and distance-scale applications.
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All authors Jiyu Wang, Xiaodian Chen, Pinjian Chen, Jianxing Zhang, Shu Wang, Licai Deng