Quantum Physics
Stellar Braid Monodromy of Finite-Rank Non-Gaussian Photonic States
Arnaud Coatanhay and Angelique Dremeau
Finite-rank non-Gaussian bosonic states admit a holomorphic description in the Bargmann representation: after a zero-free Gaussian factor is separated off, their non-Gaussian structure is encoded by a finite
stellar divisor. This article introduces a topological refinement of
stellar rank for regular parameterized families of such states. Rather than only counting the zeros of the
stellar divisor, we follow their motion under deformations of the state and record the associated braid monodromy. In the finite-Fock chart, a regular degree-r
stellar state is represented by a monic
polynomial with r simple zeros. The regular stratum is biholomorphic to the unordered configuration space of r points in the complex plane, and its fundamental group is the Artin braid group on r strands. Thus braid monodromy is an intrinsic invariant of loops in the regular finite-rank
stellar state space. We then extend the construction to admissible finite
stellar divisors of the form E_tau,mu(z) P(z); the zero-free Gaussian parameters form a contractible fiber over the same configuration-space base. Experimentally motivated finite-Fock families, especially the cubic subspace spanned by the first four Fock states, provide concrete laboratories, while trinomial slices yield explicit discriminants and local half-twists. The resulting invariant is post-tomographic and applies to preparation loops and parameterized families; it complements Wigner negativity,
stellar rank, approximate
stellar rank, and other scalar diagnostics of non-Gaussianity.
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Computational Physics
Restoring the uniform density limit in Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction
Benjamin G. Janesko
The Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (PZ-SIC) makes approximate density functionals exact for all one-electron densities, but sacrifices exactness for uniform densities. I show that an alternative to the orbital density ansatz employed in PZ-SIC restores the uniform density limit. The new ansatz also eliminates the need to evaluate approximate density functionals on lobed one-electron densities extracted from smooth many-electron densities, thereby reducing orbital dependence and lobed density error. I demonstrate the alternative ansatz in a broadly accurate nonempirical locally scaled self-interaction-corrected generalized gradient approximation.
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Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Atmospheric characterization of six ultra-hot Jupiters from $K$-band high-resolution spectroscopy
Luke Finnerty, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Yinzi Xin et al. (+27 more)
We present new Keck/KPIC high-resolution spectroscopic detections of three ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) in the $K$ band: WASP-189b ($\rm SNR = 7.2$), MASCARA-1b ($\rm SNR = 8.6$), and TOI-1518b ($\rm SNR = 7.1$), as well as a tentative detection of KELT-9b ($\rm SNR = 5.0$). We perform a uniform set of atmospheric
retrieval analysis on these objects, as well as previously reported KPIC observations of WASP-33b ($\rm SNR = 11.2$) and KELT-20b ($\rm SNR = 10.5$), We perform atmospheric
retrievals for the pressure-temperature ($P-T$) profile, orbital velocity parameters, $v\sin i$, and abundances of CO, H$_2$O, OH, and Fe, with parameterized mixing profiles to account for the expected vertical abundance variations of H$_2$O and OH. We also perform a set of
retrievals assuming chemical
equilibrium, which are generally in good agreement with the free
retrievals. Except for \knb, the retrieved spectra are dominated by CO emission features, with additional weak H$_2$O or OH features consistent with thermal dissociation of H$_2$O. \knb, which is significantly hotter, appears to have very weak molecular features. Dissociation limits our ability to reliably constrain H$_2$O or OH abundances from $K$ band data alone, resulting in poor constraints on the C/O ratio. For all objects, the atmospheric abundances from detected carbon and oxygen species are $1-10\times$
solar. These results highlight the importance of wide spectral coverage for high-resolution
retrievals. Additional observations to expand phase and wavelength coverage are needed to better constrain oxygen species and possible spatial inhomogeneities from dissociation.
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All authors Luke Finnerty, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Yinzi Xin, Jerry W. Xuan, Julie Inglis, Shubh Agrawal, Ashley Baker, Randall Bartos, Geoffrey A. Blake, Benjamin Calvin, Sylvain Cetre, Jacques-Robert Delorme, Greg Doppmann, Daniel Echeverri, Katelyn Horstman, Chih-Chun Hsu, Nemanja Jovanovic, Joshua Liberman, Ronald A. López, Dimitri Mawet, Evan Morris, Jacklyn Pezzato-Rovner, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Ben Sappey, Tobias Schofield, Andrew Skemer, J. Kent Wallace, Nicole L. Wallack, Jason J. Wang, Ji Wang
Quantum Physics
Verification of Quantum Computations: Hardware-Efficient Security Proofs
Harold Ollivier
How can a user with limited
quantum resources verify the output of an untrusted, fully
quantum server? This manuscript provides a conceptual synthesis of some recent developments toward answering this question under statistical (information-theoretic) security. Rather than duplicating the dense technical proofs of the underlying publications, our focus here is on the physical motivations, the structural connections between different protocols, and the path toward hardware-efficient implementation. We begin by introducing a modular, composable framework that partitions verification into three distinct, independent primitives: remote state preparation, trap-based deviation detection, and error-correcting
embedding. Using this framework, we show how the demanding hardware requirements of early protocols can be systematically relaxed. We review schemes that eliminate the spatial overhead, remove the need to prepare computational-basis dummy states, and replace single-
photon sources with trusted local rotations or weak coherent pulses. Finally, we examine how these techniques scale, both to asymmetric multi-party settings and to the delegation of fully fault-tolerant computations in the presence of gate-level noise. This document is intended as a guide to the architectural principles of practical
quantum verification.
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Quantum Physics
A Semantic Framework for Reproducible Variational Quantum Algorithm Execution Records
Silvie Illésová and Martin Beseda
Variational
quantum algorithms are hybrid
quantum-classical workflows whose results depend on many interacting choices, including the ansatz,
Hamiltonian, optimizer, backend, shot count, noise model, mitigation method, random seed, stopping criteria, and software versions. In current practice, this information is often scattered across code, configuration files, logs, backend metadata, and paper descriptions, making executions difficult to reproduce, compare, debug, and reuse. This paper proposes an ontology-supported framework for representing Variational
Quantum Algorithm (VQA) execution records as structured and machine-readable software engineering artifacts. The framework defines a Web Ontology
Language (OWL) ontology for modeling the main entities involved in VQA experimentation, including
algorithms,
circuits, ansatzes,
Hamiltonians, optimizers, backends, noise models, mitigation techniques, execution steps, software environments, measurement outcomes, and results. It further combines the ontology with Shapes Constraint
Language (SHACL) constraints for validating completeness and consistency, and SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query
Language (SPARQL) competency queries for retrieving reproducibility-relevant information. We demonstrate the approach using Variational
Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) execution records, including a valid record and intentionally incomplete or inconsistent examples. The results show that the framework can represent complete VQA execution contexts, detect missing or malformed metadata, and support query-based inspection of information needed for reproducible
quantum software experimentation.
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Optics
Photonic Extreme Learning Machines using Event-Based detection
Vicente Rocha, Tomas Lopes, Joana Teixeira et al. (+3 more)
Photonic extreme learning machines use random optical propagation, detection nonlinearity, and a trained linear readout for energy-efficient and scalable optical computing. However, conventional intensity readout with CCD or CMOS cameras constrain the dimensionality of the hidden representation space. Here, we experimentally replace intensity detection with event-based camera, whose thresholded log-intensity response provides alternative pixel-wise hidden representations: first-event time, binary activation, and event count. In nonlinear two spiral classification task we obtain accuracies of $93\pm 3\%$ with strong intrinsic generalization, and comparable ridge and pseudo-inverse performance indicating sample-limited effective dimensionality. Regression results reveal sensitivity to systematic optical-intensity drift, identifying stability requirements for future event-based PELMs. These results establish event-based detection as a route toward richer photonic hidden representations while clarifying current limitations.
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All authors Vicente Rocha, Tomas Lopes, Joana Teixeira, Tiago Ferreira, Catarina Monteiro, Nuno Silva
Nuclear Theory
Global systematics and theoretical interpretation of $l$-forbidden $M1$ transitions in odd-$A$ nuclei
Yu-kun Li, Guang-xin Zhang and Chong Qi
The $l$-forbidden
magnetic dipole ($M1$) transitions, characterized by a change in orbital angular momentum ($\Delta \ell = 2$), serve as sensitive probes of higher-order effects, including configuration mixing and
meson-exchange currents. In this work, we present a comprehensive systematic study of all experimentally known $l$-forbidden $M1$ transitions, covering odd-$A$
nuclei with
neutron numbers $27 \leq N \leq 126$. To interpret these global systematics, we apply a theoretical framework based on the relativistic Dirac wave function. This approach directly links the $l$-forbidden $M1$ transition amplitudes between pseudospin-partner orbitals to experimental single-particle
magnetic moments. We perform a global comparison across isotopic chains by substituting unknown
magnetic moments with rescaled Schmidt estimates. Focusing on dominant transition groups, including $p_{3/2} \rightarrow f_{5/2}$, $s_{1/2} \rightarrow d_{3/2}$, and $d_{5/2} \rightarrow g_{7/2}$, our analysis establishes a robust linear correlation between the transition amplitudes $\sqrt{B(M1)}$ and the corresponding empirical single-particle
matrix elements $M_{\mathrm{sp}}$. The proportionality coefficient $\rho$ serves as an empirical measure of single-particle strength fragmentation and quantifies the role of configuration mixing in driving $l$-forbidden transitions across the
nuclear chart.
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High Energy Physics (Theory)
From OPE Associativity to Gravitational Wave Signatures: Critical Dimensions and AdS/dS Transition
Tetiana Obikhod
We present a framework connecting the algebraic consistency of the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) in Conformal Field Theories to observable signatures in the
stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). By interpreting the conformal 6j symbols as crossing kernels, we extract the anomalous dimensions $\gamma_{n,J}$ of double-trace operators from the singularities of the crossing equation. Through the AdS/CFT correspondence, these algebraic shifts are holographically reinterpreted as effective mass shifts in the Anti-de Sitter bulk. We identify a critical anomalous dimension, $\gamma_c$, which marks the threshold where the effective mass violates the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. Upon analytic continuation to de Sitter space ($L_{\text{AdS}} \to iL_{\text{dS}}$), we demonstrate that crossing this threshold ($\gamma < \gamma_c$) forces the dual scaling dimensions into the complex principal series, $\Delta_{\text{dS}} = d/2 \pm i\mu$. This complex dimensionality induces characteristic logarithmic oscillations in the four-point correlators. In the cosmological context, these oscillations manifest as a log-periodic modulation in the SGWB, characterized by a specific spacing $\Delta \ln f = 2\pi/\mu$. Detecting this log-periodic structure with next-generation interferometers such as LISA would directly measure the parameter $\mu$, closing the loop between abstract OPE associativity and observational cosmology.
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Computational Physics · Cross-listed from math.NA
Second-Moment Method for Transport Problems with Anisotropic Scattering
India J. Allan and Dmitriy Y. Anistratov
This paper presents a new nonlinear two-level acceleration method for solving the particle transport equation with anisotropic scattering. The method is formulated with the projection operator approach. The low-order equations are defined for the angular moments using projection operators and closures of the second-moment method. A nonlinear prolongation operator is applied to the scattering term to derive the high-order transport equation. The nonlinear system of high-order and low-order equations is equivalent to the original transport equation. The equations are approximated in space by the lumped linear-discontinuous Galerkin method. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical method.
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Other Condensed Matter
Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky magnetoelectricity in molecular magnets: Bipartite entanglement transfer by means of rotating electric field
Zhirayr Adamyan, Ani Chobanyan, Vadim Ohanyan et al. (+4 more)
We investigate
quantum entanglement in a
spin-1/2 Heisenberg trimer with
spin-induced electric polarization described by the Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky (KNB) mechanism in the presence of external
magnetic and electric fields. The electric field is assumed to lie in the plane of the
magnetic ions, allowing its strength and orientation to be tuned independently. We analyze both bipartite and tripartite
entanglement and demonstrate that the
spin-electric-field coupling provides an efficient mechanism for controlling
quantum correlations within the molecular nanomagnet. Depending on the electric-field parameters, the bipartite
entanglement can be significantly enhanced or suppressed, while the multipartite
entanglement exhibits a rich dependence on the microscopic
spin-electric coupling. Most notably, we demonstrate that a rotating in-plane electric field of constant magnitude induces a controllable transfer of bipartite
entanglement between different
spin pairs. In the symmetric case of homogeneous exchange interactions and uniform KNB coupling, this transfer is found to be nearly ideal, with the bipartite negativity approaching its theoretical maximum for one
spin pair while simultaneously vanishing for the remaining pairs. We show that the efficiency of the transfer can be tailored through the exchange interactions, bond geometry, and nonuniform
spin-electric coupling. These results establish molecular nanomagnets with KNB
spin-electric coupling as a promising platform for the electrical manipulation, steering, and localization of
quantum entanglement at the molecular scale.
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All authors Zhirayr Adamyan, Ani Chobanyan, Vadim Ohanyan, Azadeh Ghannadan, Jozef Strecka, Saeed Haddadi, Hamid Arian Zad
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Spin-momentum locking of polariton edge states in honeycomb lattices
Andrea Herrero Otermin, Nicola Carlon Zambon, Dheerendra Singh et al. (+10 more)
Transverse-electric/Transverse-
magnetic splitting in dielectric-mirror microcavities introduces an effective
spin-orbit coupling for
photons. While the bulk states remain linearly polarized, for exponentially localized edge states in a photonic
lattice, this coupling induces elliptical polarization whose handedness is locked to the propagation direction, analogous to the transverse
spin of evanescent electromagnetic waves. We reveal
spin-momentum locking through Stokes polarimetry of zigzag edge states in a honeycomb
exciton-polariton
lattice. The effect persists in a stretched honeycomb supporting a photonic bandgap, where
spin-polarized carrier injection enables selective lasing of either
chiral edge states. Our results provide a route toward ultrafast
spin-controlled unidirectional propagation in polariton systems without external
magnetic fields.
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All authors Andrea Herrero Otermin, Nicola Carlon Zambon, Dheerendra Singh, Neha Bhoria, Rimi Banerjee, Christian G. Mayer, Simon Betzold, Siddhartha Dam, Monika Emmerling, Sven Höfling, Luis Viña, Subhaskar Mandal, Carlos Antón-Solanas
Biological Physics
Reactive oxygen species trigger downward vertical migration in diatom microphytobenthic biofilms as a strategy to cope with oxidative stress
Alexandre Desparmet, Bruno Jesus, Tony Robinet et al. (+2 more)
Diatom-dominated intertidal microphytobenthic biofilms experience daily fluctuations in irradiance, which can lead to oxidative stress within the photosynthetic apparatus through the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To maintain photosynthetic efficiency, benthic diatoms have developed protective strategies, including mobilization of the antioxidant xanthophyll cycle and the ability to migrate vertically through sediments. However, mechanistic understanding of signaling pathways underlying migration remains poorly characterized. This study investigated the triggering effect of reactive oxygen species on behavioral and photophysiological responses through the analysis of lipophilic pigments and fluorescence parameters. To this end, two microphytobenthic communities, one with sediment allowing vertical migration and another without sediment restricting it, were exposed to irradiance, cold atmospheric
plasma, and hydrogen peroxide stresses. Results showed a consistent downward migration response under all oxidative stresses, highlighting the key role of reactive oxygen species, especially hydrogen peroxide, in triggering this microphytobenthic behavior. Moreover, a difference was observed between the pathways involved in vertical migration and those underlying photoprotective responses. Hydrogen peroxide and cold atmospheric
plasma stresses highlighted the necessity for substantial microphytobenthic migration, whereas irradiance induced a specific and controlled response involving engagement of the xanthophyll cycle, acting in synergy with the migration strategy by showing stronger activation when migration was impaired.
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All authors Alexandre Desparmet, Bruno Jesus, Tony Robinet, Thierry Dufour, Cédric Hubas
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Photometry of Kuiper belt objects in inner and outer mean motion resonances with Neptune
Audrey Thirouin and Scott S. Sheppard
We present a time-resolved photometric survey of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) trapped in the inner and outer Neptune resonances. Lightcurves and rotational properties provide constraints on the shapes, internal structures, collisional histories, and formation environments of these primitive bodies. Our survey was conducted using the Magellan-Baade
telescope and the Lowell Discovery
Telescope, allowing us to go fainter than past works and yielding lightcurve studies for 41 KBOs in the 1:1, 5:4, 4:3, 11:5, 7:3, 12:5, and 5:2 resonances. We obtained complete lightcurves for objects displaying large amplitudes, with two KBOs in the 5:2 resonance (2001 XQ$_{254}$, 2013 RZ$_{108}$), one object in the 7:3 (2013 TJ$_{159}$), and one object in the 12:5 (2015 AR$_{293}$). Their lightcurve amplitudes range from 0.26 to 0.46mag, with rotational periods between 5.35 and 11.63 h. 2013 TJ$_{159}$ has the fastest rotation, largest amplitude, and most asymmetric lightcurve in our sample. Combining our results with published studies, we find that inner and outer resonant KBOs generally display lower lightcurve amplitudes than the dynamically Cold Classical population and the 5:3 and 7:4 resonances. The absence of the amplitude–period trends observed in those populations, and their surface color distributions, further suggests that inner and outer resonances do not share the same origin or evolutionary history as the Cold Classicals and overlapping resonances. Based on the literature and our survey, only one nearly equal-sized contact binary, 2004 TT$_{357}$, is currently known among the surveyed populations, implying a lower limit to the contact binary fraction of $\sim$12-15% in the 5:2 resonance.
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Other Condensed Matter
Reentrant localization transition, quantum butterfly and robust edge modes in aperiodic zig-zag ladder
Sayan Bhattacharya, Rhiddha Acharjee and Atanu Nandy
Low dimensional tight-binding
lattices in presence of quasiperiodic disorder generally exhibits localization transition. The system supports diffusive modes upto a limiting strength of disorder and all the eigenstates become localized beyond that critical strength thereby quenching the kinetic signature of the wavepacket. However, moving away from this situation, we demonstrate that with minimal long-range off-diagonal modulation, the eigenspectrum again may offer delocalization of electronic states for some subtle combination of kinetic parameters of the
Hamiltonian leading to a second
quantum phase change. The localization transitions are associated with the obvious presence of single-particle mobility edges. Multifractal energy landscape also shows
quantum butterfly pattern with the in-gap robust edge modes. The re-emerging localization transition is manifested through the evaluation of inverse participation ratio, eigenspectrum and a pertinent
quantum dynamical study.
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Quantum Physics
Orthogonality Edges in Strong-Coupling Quantum Work Statistics
Atta ur Rahman, Muhammad Noman, S. M. Zangi et al. (+1 more)
Strong coupling to a reservoir can do more than shift, broaden, or dress the work peaks of a driven
quantum system. When the reservoir is infrared singular, a sudden change of a local control parameter can alter the boundary condition seen by infinitely many low-energy modes, converting a quasiparticle-like threshold line into a many-body edge. We demonstrate this mechanism for the inclusive work distribution of the biased
spin-
boson model under a sudden bias inversion. In the independent-
boson limit, the problem is exactly solvable and gives a sharp infrared classification: a super-Ohmic bath can retain a finite elastic threshold weight, whereas Ohmic and sub-Ohmic baths extinguish the elastic line through boundary orthogonality. At the Ohmic fixed point, the same exponent controls both the vanishing elastic residue and the low-work continuum. We then ask how this edge is resolved away from the static-boundary limit. Using displaced-basis exact diagonalization of logarithmically discretized baths, we find that finite tunnelling leaves an edge-like continuum over the accessible energy window, while separating two operational diagnostics of the threshold: the cumulative-continuum exponent extracted from $z$-interleaved spectra lies above the elastic-overlap exponent extracted from $z$-averaged overlaps, $\theta_C>\theta_Z$. We interpret this separation as a finite-energy crossover away from the static-boundary fixed point, not as evidence for a new asymptotic fixed point. The separation survives fitting-window variation, oscillator-cutoff checks, spectrum-size checks, and leave-one-$z$-out tests, while time-domain characteristic functions provide a compatible but non-decisive diagnostic. Finally, the same threshold edge controls the sampling cost of Jarzynski-type exponential averages, making rare low-work events increasingly important at low temperature.
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All authors Atta ur Rahman, Muhammad Noman, S. M. Zangi, Saeed Haddadi
Astrophysics of Galaxies
A Model Context Protocol Server for Astrophysical RAG: Unified Access to HI, Dwarf, Globular Cluster, IntZ, and ALPINE Kinematic Corpora with FAISS Semantic Search
David C. Flynn
We present the EPS Research Astro-RAG MCP Server v2.3.0, a cross-platform Model Context Protocol (MCP) implementation providing unified, machine-readable access to five astrophysical corpora spanning the local universe (z = 0) to z = 5.68 (the high-
redshift frontier of the ALPINE survey). The server exposes a humanreadable browser query interface, a REST API, and an LLM-native MCP endpoint, enabling deterministic
retrieval, metadata filtering, and structured analysis across 2,064 objects:
galaxies spanning HI rotation curve surveys,
dwarf and irregular systems, and high-
redshift kinematic targets, together with Milky Way globular clusters. Version 2.3.0 introduces FAISS-accelerated natural-
language similarity search using pre-built 384-dimensional MiniLM-L6-v2 vector indexes, enabling corpus-wide semantic queries without fine-tuning or API keys. We describe the server architecture, unified schema design, FAISS index construction pipeline, MCP toolset, and cross-epoch use cases including rotation-curve
retrieval, metadata filtering, and semantic similarity exploration. The server is publicly deployed on HuggingFace Spaces (https://dflynn5656-astro-rag-mcp.hf.space), released under the MIT License, and fully reproducible from Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21154451). The full platform is available at https://github.com/eps-research/rag-corpus-series.
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High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)
Sangeetha N. Tallur and Nirmal Raj
Pre-
supernova neutrinos, emitted during the last day prior to core collapse of a massive
star, could provide a unique probe at MeV energies of scattering interactions between dark matter and
neutrinos. Due to attenuation of the flux of electron anti-
neutrinos from their scattering on dark matter on the way to Earth, we expect a deficit of inverse beta decay events at large-volume, low-threshold detectors such as KamLAND, JUNO, and Super-K. which we use to derive upper limits on the dark matter-
neutrino reduced scattering cross section. Though seemingly weaker than limits from post-bounce
supernova neutrino events, these sensitivities provide an important cross-check, could help determine the energy dependence of the cross section, and may even be a distinct probe of certain models. Further, pre-
supernova neutrinos may test hints reported of dark matter-
neutrino scattering in the early universe suppressing small-scale power as seen in Lyman-alpha data.
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Medical Physics
Beam monitoring for radiotherapy from conventional to FLASH dose rates using Low Gain Avalanche Silicon detectors
Cristhian Cadena, Antonio Cota Rodriguez, Tonatiuh García Chávez et al. (+10 more)
We report the performance of low gain avalanche Silicon detectors (LGADs) for instantaneous electron and
proton beam monitoring across dose rates ranging from conventional radiotherapy to the FLASH regime, benefiting from the fast response of these detectors of a few nanoseconds. The beam sources provide a dose rate greater than 40~Gy/s through pulses of widths 0.5, 1, 2 and 3~$\mu$s for electron beams and 3, 5, 10 $\mu$s for
proton beams. Two different LGAD devices and silicon diodes are tested, yielding a linear dose response for electron beams up to $\sim$450~Gy/s and for
proton beams up to $\sim$12~Gy/s. Beyond the linear regime the response continues to increase with a reduced slope and no true signal plateau is observed, at least up to 1800 Gy/s for electrons and 150 Gy/s for
protons. This study contributes towards the instantaneous monitoring of increasingly intense flash beams for radiotherapy using fast detectors such as LGADs since measurements can be performed every fraction of $\mu$s.
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All authors Cristhian Cadena, Antonio Cota Rodriguez, Tonatiuh García Chávez, Yao Hao, Rachel Kovach-Fuentes, Harold Li, Wei Li, Javier A. Murillo Quijada, Saul Anibal Rodríguez Ramírez, Christophe Royon, Emil Schueler, Brett D. Velasquez, Pablo Yepes
Quantum Physics
Disentangling Haldane Phase by Generalized Clifford Circuits
Minsoo Kim, Changhun Oh and Donghoon Kim
Disentangling transformations play a central role in the classical simulation of
quantum many-body systems, yet their analytic structure and underlying mechanism remain largely unexplored. Here, we study the structure of the disentangler in the Haldane phase of
spin-1 systems using generalized Clifford
circuits. To this end, we extend the Clifford-
circuit-augmented
matrix product states (CAMPS)-based density-
matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method to
spin-1 systems. Within this framework, we find that the local disentanglers optimized for the Haldane phase implement the generalized Kramers–Wannier (KW) transformation, and we analytically verify its optimality for the Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki (AKLT) state. Beyond reducing
entanglement, the KW transformation maps the Haldane phase to a phase with spontaneously broken $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$
symmetry. This mapping is distinct from the Kennedy–Tasaki transformation and provides a new
unitary route from
symmetry-protected topological order to
symmetry breaking.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
On the structure of black hole interior in a model of scalar quasi-particles within the GR framework
S.Bondarenko
We propose an effective, singularity-free model of the black hole interior described entirely by a scalar field with a non-linear self-interaction potential. The interior consists of three layers – a core, a transition layer, and a crust – each fixed by the local quasi-particle density and the corresponding extremum of the potential of the field. The crust is a layer of massive, positive-energy thermal excitations above the zero-potential well, beneath a genuine Schwarzschild horizon at $r = 2GM_{\rm ADM}$. The core is an AdS-type region of negative energy density, it simulates a condensate of quasi-particles which carry zero classical kinetic energy and form a negative potential well governed by a negative inverse temperature parameter. The two regions are joined through Israel matching across the transition layer, which sits at an approximately null-
gravity hypersurface of maximal regular matter density and where both the sign of the energy density and the type of thermal excitations change. Solving the static Einstein equations, we obtain the metric and mass functions of each layer, the edge equation of state of the crust, the linear stability condition of the null-
gravity surface for ordinary and effectively negative mass matter, and the two-temperature thermodynamics linking the kinetic excitations to the negative temperature ground state. The framework unifies core and crust within a single field description and highlights the role of the negative energy AdS core and the associated negative temperature notion in describing black hole interior. In this picture the formation and Hawking evaporation of a black hole appear as a quasi-static cycle of an almost adiabatic thermodynamic engine, with the negative energy core as the working substance.
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Superconductivity
Experimental Signatures of a Memory-Dressed Cooper-Pair Field in Antinodal ARPES
Udomsilp Pinsook
Antinodal angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in cuprate
superconductors reveals a broad incoherent background alongside a temperature-dependent superconducting contribution. We show that both features are naturally captured by a single family of
parabolic cylinder functions (PCFs). First, the broad antinodal background in \BiCuprate\ is well described by a primitive PCF branch of the form $e^{-z^2/4}D_{-1/2}(z)$. Second, a superconductivity-associated component isolated via time-resolved ARPES subtraction follows a distinct $D_{3/2}$ branch. Third, the same $D_{3/2}$ structure is recovered in
equilibrium temperature differences and across doping series. These findings motivate the minimal decomposition $\rho(E,T)=\rho_{\rm BG}(E,T)+\rho_{\rm SC}(E,T)$, where the superconductivity-associated spectral weight scales as $A_{\rm SC}(T)\propto |\Delta(T)|^2$. Dynamically, these branches originate from a Cooper-pair field with finite temporal
memory: a smooth
memory kernel generates a leading Gaussian temporal envelope $\exp(-t^2/2\tau_G^2)$ at short times, while algebraic many-body prefactors select the PCF branch index. If the finite-
memory and algebraic incoherent dressing is formally removed, the resulting structure connects to the standard Bogoliubov/BCS spectrum. The main conclusion is that the incoherent antinodal continuum and the longer-lived superconductivity-associated component are distinct projections of a common
memory-dressed pair field.
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Medical Physics · Cross-listed from eess.IV
GLOW-FDG: Generalized cancer LesiOn Whole-body segmentation model for $^{18}$F-FDG-PET/CT
Maksym Fritsak, Maximilian Rokuss, Hubert S. Gabryś et al. (+10 more)
Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission
tomography combined with computed
tomography is widely used in cancer care, but manual lesion delineation is slow, subjective, and difficult to scale. We present GLOW-FDG, an open-source artificial intelligence model for whole-body cancer lesion
segmentation in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission
tomography and computed
tomography. The model was trained on 1,563 scans spanning multiple cancer types and evaluated on 185 external scans from independent institutions. Across breast cancer, nonmetastatic and oligometastatic lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and metastatic melanoma, GLOW-FDG consistently outperformed publicly available
benchmark models in lesion detection, while reducing false positives and maintaining strong
segmentation accuracy. Quantification of total tumor burden and total lesion glycolysis was robust across cohorts, and performance approached the variability observed between expert radiation oncologists. These results support GLOW-FDG as a generalizable tool for automated cancer
segmentation and quantitative imaging biomarker extraction in whole-body imaging.
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All authors Maksym Fritsak, Maximilian Rokuss, Hubert S. Gabryś, Yannick Kirchhoff, Benjamin Hamm, Sebastian M. Christ, Nicolas Martz, Isabelle Opitz, Rolf Stahel, Martin Hüllner, Matthias Guckenberger, Klaus Maier-Hein, Stephanie Tanadini-Lang
Mathematical Physics · Cross-listed from math.PR
Tree Coordinates and Range Martingales for Positive Operator-Valued Measures
James Tian
Positive operator-valued measures on a tree admit intrinsic local coordinates coming from the way each cylinder value splits into its children. We show that these local splittings, taken on the range spaces of the cylinder values, recover the measure and at the same time build an intrinsic direct limit dilation whose cylinder projections yield the minimal Naimark dilation. In these coordinates, the commutant of the dilation becomes a martingale calculus on the range spaces. This gives local descriptions of extremality and domination, and it also yields a bounded change-of-measure transform that updates the tree coordinates in a natural way. For self-adjoint range martingales we obtain a quadratic variation formula from the range space isometries, and the associated local variance terms detect the projection-valued case.
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Astrophysics of Galaxies
Ultraviolet Interstellar Extinction toward High Galactic Latitudes
Ajay Mishra and Aigen Li
Nearby high
Galactic latitude clouds provide a unique laboratory to study the physics and structure of the
Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) and the properties of the interstellar
dust. In this work, we select 32 sightlines toward reddened background
stars at high
Galactic latitudes with |b| > 20 degr, for which high-quality spectra from the International Ultraviolet Explorer are available. We utilize the "pair-method" to derive the ultraviolet interstellar extinction curves for these sightlines. We examine the extinction properties of these sightlines and find no systematic variations with the
Galactic latitudes, although they do show appreciable sightline-to-sightline variations.
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Nuclear Theory
Circle of Alpha-Particle Cluster Shapes in Neon-20
N.S. Manton
Quantum states of Neon-20 are generally agreed to lie in rotational-vibrational bands of a cluster of five alpha particles. However, more than one cluster shape has been proposed as dominant at low energy. As relative motion within a cluster is soft in certain directions, we investigate how the low-lying rotational bands of Neon-20 can arise from a circle of clusters connecting favoured shapes: a triangular bipyramid, a square pyramid, and a $D_{2d}$-symmetric distorted tetrahedron – a twisted bow-tie. Motion around the circle extends the Berry pseudo-rotation that connects differently oriented bipyramids.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Semiclassical regularity of compact trapped regions: From dynamical horizons to inner extremality
Raúl Carballo-Rubio, Francesco Di Filippo, Stefano Liberati et al. (+1 more)
In eternal black-hole spacetimes, inner horizons are Cauchy horizons and are generically unstable. For non-extremal inner horizons, this includes both the classical mass-inflation instability and a semiclassical instability associated with divergences in the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET). Inner-extremal geometries, for which the inner-horizon surface
gravity vanishes, evade classical mass inflation, but in stationary settings still suffer from singular behavior of the RSET. In this work, we show that the dynamical case is qualitatively different. Considering spacetimes describing the formation and evaporation of a compact trapped region in finite time, and working in the $s$-wave Polyakov approximation, we compute the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor in the in-
vacuum state. Given that in this case the inner horizon is not a Cauchy horizon, the RSET remains finite everywhere. For generic non-extremal inner horizons, however, the RSET grows exponentially in time at the inner horizon, with a divergence emerging only in the asymptotic limit of an ever-lasting trapped region. For inner-extremal geometries this exponential growth is replaced by a considerably milder power-law growth. Such spacetimes may therefore be considered natural candidates for classically and semiclassically meta-stable black-hole interiors.
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All authors Raúl Carballo-Rubio, Francesco Di Filippo, Stefano Liberati, Matt Visser
Plasma Physics
Runaway electron induced explosions of graphite; modeling versus controlled DIII-D experiments
T. Rizzi, A. Kavroulakis, S. Ratynskaia et al. (+10 more)
The state-of-the-art concerning the modeling of the thermomechanical response of graphite to runaway electron (RE) impact is based on one-way coupled linear thermoelasticity combined with Rankine's strength-based failure criterion and limited to the onset of material failure. Here, the predictive capabilities are extended to the nonlinear damage phase characterized by material fragmentation and debris expulsion. This is achieved by introducing plasticity via the Johnson-Holmquist constitutive model, adopting an effective plastic strain-based failure criterion and coupling finite element analysis with smoothed-particle hydrodynamics. The extended thermomechanical model is successfully benchmarked against the results of two controlled RE-induced damage experiments recently carried out in DIII-D. This constitutes an important step towards the final objective of quantitatively describing the thermomechanical response of tungsten to REs.
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All authors T. Rizzi, A. Kavroulakis, S. Ratynskaia, P. Tolias, M. Tatarakis, E. Kaselouris, V. Dimitriou, E. Hollmann, F. Brochard, A. Kulachenko, M. Beidler, C. Lasnier, R. A. Pitts
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Widespread Detection of Aromatic and Aliphatic Emission in the Dual Quasar J0749+2255 at Cosmic Noon
C.E. Mentzer, Aigen Li and X.J. Yang
Based on JWST/MIRI integral field observations, we report a widespread detection of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon emission at rest-frame 3.3 and 3.4 micron in SDSSJ074922.96+225511.7 (hereafter J0749+2255), a dual
quasar at
redshift z~2.17, corresponding to a
cosmic age of ~3 billion years after the Big Bang, a time period known as the "
cosmic noon" when
star formation and black hole growth peak. With the 3.3 micron emission ascribed to aromatic C–H stretches of small PAH molecules and the 3.4 micron emission assigned to aliphatic C–H stretches of aliphatic sidegroups attached to PAHs, we utilize the observed intensities of the 3.3 and 3.4 micron emission bands to estimate the aliphatic fractions of PAHs and their variations across J0749+2255, which is, to our knowledge, the most distant object to date in which both aromatics and aliphatics have ever been detected. We find that both the 3.3 and 3.4 micron emission bands are pronounced and the aliphatic fractions are surprisingly high in the most luminous regions centered on the two
quasar nuclei, suggesting that not only small PAHs (of ~20–30 carbon atoms) but also their attached aliphatic sidegroups survive in intense ultraviolet radiation arising from extreme starburst.
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Computational Physics · Cross-listed from math.NA
Accelerated iterative method for solving the steady-state Boltzmann equation
Pei Zhang, Zhenning Cai and Yanli Wang
The efficient simulation of steady-state rarefied gas flows remains a significant computational challenge due to the high dimensionality of the collision integral and the severe numerical stiffness in the near-continuum regime. In this work, we propose a modified Newton method equipped with a macroscopic synthetic system (Newton-MS) for the steady-state Boltzmann equation with the quadratic collision operator. In Newton-MS, the modified Newton iteration is utilized as the outer nonlinear solver, while each Newton correction equation is solved by an inner source iteration, where the linearized collision operator is utilized to approximate the quadratic collision model, and it is reduced into a linear iteration. Moreover, a macroscopic synthetic system based on Chapman-Enskog closure is derived to accelerate the convergence of the linear inner iteration in the continuum limit. Besides, the fully discrete macroscopic synthetic system is deduced under the framework of the discontinuous Galerkin method to reduce computational cost compared to directly discretizing the continuous macroscopic synthetic system. Several numerical examples, including the 1D
Fourier, Couette flow problem, and the 2D cavity flow and thermal-driven cavity flow, are studied to validate the high efficiency of Newton-MS.
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Quantum Physics
Algebra of quantum mechanics via classical phonons. II: Klein-Gordon dynamics, the Heisenberg formalism, the Dirac canonical commutation rule and the Poincare algebra through the continuous Poisson bracket formalism
Emmanuel Giner
In the first part of this series we have shown how the Schrodinger equation for a single particle and the corresponding non relativistic
quantum observables can be obtained from a purely classical
phonon model through the Newtonian equations of motion. In this work we focus instead on how the classical
Hamiltonian formalism applied to the same
phonon system allows to recover the feature of relativistic
quantum mechanics for a single spinless particle. Using the classical nature of the
phonon model, we naturally define continuous Poisson brackets between classical observables, which allows to recover the dynamics of such observables, i.e. the Ehrenfest relations associated to real-valued Klein-Gordon fields. The Poisson brackets also permits to obtain the generic form of constants of motions, thus generalizing the concept of inner products and momentum on Klein-Gordon fields. We then connect the formalism of real-valued classical functionals with that of hermitian operators and complex-valued wave functions. This is done through the introduction of a non-local complex-valued change of variables which allows to rewrite the real-valued Klein-Gordon equation in a form akin to the Schrodinger equation, and the classical observables as
quantum expectation values. Then, we show how this change of variables allows to rewrite the classical Poisson brackets as commutators of hermitian operators. This points out the strict equivalence between the Heisenberg formalism and the formalism of classical Poisson bracket. Eventually, we illustrate how the Poisson brackets allows to recover the transformations of Poincare group in 1+1 dimension together with its
algebra. The latter makes the link between the Lorentz invariant inner product of Mostafazadeh and the Casimir invariant associated to the mass of particle.
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