Papers

During Brownian motion, the displacement is normally distributed, a classical fact aligned with the central limit theorem. However, single particle tracking in complex media such as glasses, living cells, and colloidal suspensions often reveals pronounced exponential decay of the displacement distribution, known as Laplace tails. In a short letter, two of us presented the emergence of Laplace tails in the continuous time random walk (CTRW) framework. Here, a detailed complementary study is presented. By exploring the behavior of $Q_t(n)$, the probability that exactly $n$ renewals occur during time $t$, we develop a rate function-like framework for this quantity, valid for finite $t$. We show that $Q_t(n)$ exhibits exponential tails, which in turn give rise to exponential tails of the positional probability density function $P(x,t)$. Favorable comparison to finite-time numerical simulations and asymptotic large deviation rate functions establishes the validity of our results over a wide temporal range.

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of molecular cloud (MC) properties using the MWISP survey's 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 1–0) data toward the inner (l = 45$^\circ$–60$^\circ$) and outer (l = 120$^\circ$–130$^\circ$) Galaxy. From a strict selection of 24,724 identified MCs, a final sample of 3,161 well-resolved MCs is established. We investigate the distributions of observational, morphological, and derived physical parameters, as well as their environmental dependencies and intercorrelations. Our analysis reveals that MCs are typically oblate and tend to align with the Galactic disk. A critical evaluation using a nearby subsample confirms significant distance-dependent selection effects for some parameters, nevertheless, the direction of changes in these parameters can indicate distance influence. We also examine several specific subsamples, revealing the distinct characteristics of MCs in the G120 spiral shock region, MCs in the G50 interarm spurs, C18O-bright MCs, and MCs with supra-Larson velocity dispersion. For instance, MCs with supra-Larson velocity dispersion are predominantly small and likely young clouds inheriting turbulence from the diffuse ISM. Notably, a comparison across tracers reveals that typical MCs have a turbulent, diffuse, 12CO-bright gas structure in their outer layers that does not contribute directly to star formation. In contrast, 13CO-bright gas represents a turning point where gravity becomes significant; C18O-bright gas is about gravity-dominated. Comprehensive correlation analysis confirms a flatter $\sigma_v$-size relation than classic Larson's law and a strong mass-size relation. Incorporating dimensional analysis, we derive minimal sets of eigenparameters from which most other observational and physical parameters can be estimated. This highlights the underlying scaling relations that governing cloud properties.

The standard approach to canonical quantization encounters difficulties in dealing with perturbations that alter the kinetic structure of unperturbed theories. We show that the covariant phase space formalism provides a natural and technically efficient way to circumvent this obstruction. We illustrate the method with an exactly solvable model: a two-dimensional non-relativistic charged particle moving in a magnetic field and a harmonic confining potential, with its kinetic energy viewed as a perturbation. We quantize this model with covariant phase space formalism by constructing the solution perturbatively. We then calculate the energy spectrum and the unequal-time commutators of this model, and obtain the results that agree with the expansion of the exact theory. The procedure developed here is intended to serve as a systematic framework for the canonical quantization of more complex effective theories with higher-derivative or velocity-dependent perturbations.

This paper investigates perfect state transfer (PST) in discrete-time quantum walks constructed via the shunt decomposition method. The walks are defined on a graph $G$ and its associated quotient graph $G/\pi$, induced by an equitable partition $\pi$. Through the shunt decomposition of $G$, we derive an explicit relation between the shift operator of the parent graph $G$ and that of its quotient graph $G/\pi$. We construct a reflection operator based on the characteristic matrix, which establishes a connection between the transition operator of the parent graph and that of its lower-dimensional quotient graph. We then prove that PST occurs on $G$ if and only if it occurs on $G/\pi$. Furthermore, we express the unitary evolution operator of the quotient graph in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, from which we derive explicit criteria for PST. As an application, we establish PST on the cycle graph $C_{n}$ at time $k = n/2$, and lift the result to the parent graph $C_{2n}$ via the equitable partition $\pi$. We further show that if an equitable partition $\pi$ of $G$ induces a quotient isomorphic to $K_n^{\circlearrowleft}$, the complete digraph on $n$ vertices with a loop at every vertex, then PST occurs at step $k = n$, and the walk is periodic at $k = 2n$. This framework is applied to two families of graphs, which are the complete bipartite digraph $K_{n,n}^{\rightleftharpoons}$ and the circulant graph $\operatorname{Circ}(2n, S)$, where $S$ consists of all odd residues modulo $2n$ and $n = 2^s$ for some $s \geq 1$, establishing PST in their respective line digraphs. Collectively, these results also answer the question posed by Godsil and Zhan concerning which shunt decompositions or embeddings of a graph admit PST.

Intermittency analysis provides a promising probe of scale-invariant density fluctuations near the QCD critical point. The intermittency measurements reported in the STAR BES-I data call for a quantitative assessment of the signal strength and a clearer physical understanding of its collision-energy dependence. In this work, we perform such a study for the STAR measurements using an improved hybrid UrQMD+CMC model, in which critical-like fluctuations are embedded into a realistic non-critical background through event-level, particle-level, and combined replacement schemes. By directly comparing the second-order factorial moment $\Delta F_{2}(M)$ between model calculations and experimental data on a point-by-point basis, we constrain the effective critical-like contribution compatible with the STAR measurements without relying on scaling exponents. The STAR data at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7$–$27~\mathrm{GeV}$ used for model comparison can be consistently described only by small and nearly energy-independent effective critical-like fractions. These results indicate that the current BES-I intermittency signal is weak and exhibits little collision-energy dependence, thereby favoring only a limited critical-like contribution rather than a strong critical-point-induced enhancement localized near a specific collision energy.

Operators of large visitor attractions routinely sort their guests into intuitive behavioral types, from relaxed wanderers to single-minded maximizers, and use this informal typology to guide spatial design and to set the parameters of pedestrian and agent-based simulations. Yet the typology is seldom tested against how people actually move, and it is usually assumed to transfer unchanged between sites. We examine both assumptions with individual-level movement data: volunteers carried GPS trackers through several theme parks operated by different chains and completed a short exit survey, letting us compare what guests do with what they say. Each visit is summarized by a small set of interpretable movement features, and visitors are grouped within each site using a deliberately demanding, multi-criteria validation protocol rather than a single clustering run. The picture that emerges is nuanced. Behavioral groups recur reliably but without sharp boundaries, pointing to a continuum rather than to discrete categories; what people do diverges from how they describe themselves, so self-report is a weak proxy for observed behavior; and, most consequentially, the relationships among movement features reverse from site to site, so behavioral parameters calibrated at a given location cannot be carried elsewhere. A complementary agent-based experiment locates the origin of each group's spatial signature in where visitors choose to go and in what order, rather than in how fast or how directly they walk. The work reframes a familiar industry heuristic as a geographical, site-dependent phenomenon, contributes a reproducible and critically validated pipeline for segmenting movement data, and connects empirical tracking to simulation. Its central message is that human movement behavior must be calibrated in place, not borrowed across contexts.

We study generic-spin black-hole scattering with orbital-plane precession, whose dynamics require more than one scattering angle. From numerical relativity (NR), we extract the polar scattering angle and precession of the orbital plane, the latter characterised by asymptotic Euler angles. A dictionary relating post-Minkowskian (PM) observables to scattering and Euler angles is presented, enabling the first precessing PM-NR comparisons. Our results provide a key benchmark for generic-spin resummations and provide the foundations for exploring boundary-to-bound maps in the generic case.

We study free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) with single-mode fiber (SMF) reception under atmospheric turbulence. The optical channel is modeled by split-step propagation through random phase screens, followed by finite-aperture collection and projection onto the guided receiving mode. We first examine the standard GG02 setting and ask which receiver-side observable is sufficient for effective key-rate prediction. We show that a mean-loss description is generally too optimistic, whereas a scalar effective law for the SMF coupling efficiency provides an accurate downstream Gaussian-channel description within the effective model considered here. We then extend the optical model to a pilot-assisted architecture in which the signal and pilot propagate through correlated but non-identical turbulent realizations generated by a frozen-flow construction. In this case, the signal coupling law alone is no longer sufficient: signal–pilot phase mismatch and loss of post-coupling coherence produce an additional protocol-dependent reference-noise penalty. The results distinguish two regimes: a scalar coupling description is largely adequate for GG02, while transmitted-reference architectures require an additional differential reference observable beyond the signal coupling statistics.

We revisit the Schwarzschild black hole in the context of noncommutative phase space. By mapping the horizon area operator into a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator structure, we derive the modifications induced by phase space noncommutativity. The formalism is developed using the generalized Bopp shift on the canonical coordinates and momenta. We computed the modified area spectrum, black hole mass levels, transition frequencies, Hawking temperature, and entropy, highlighting the physical implications of the deformation parameters $\theta$ and $\eta$ on the thermodynamical properties of the deformed black hole. Finally, we conjecture a connection between the noncommutative contribution to the entropy and Barrow's entropy.

The increasing population of artificial objects in Earth orbit poses significant risks to operational spacecraft and ground infrastructure, making Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) a critical activity. Since 2015, the IAC80 telescope at the Teide Observatory has been contributing to European SST efforts through a dedicated space debris tracking program. Originally designed for astronomical observations, the IAC80 has been progressively adapted to perform automated monitoring of satellites and debris objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). This work presents an overview of the IAC80 SST system, including the telescope and site characteristics, the optical instruments currently in use, and the automation tools developed to enable autonomous operations. Particular emphasis is placed on the real-time data reduction pipeline, SATRED, which performs calibration, automatic satellite trail detection, and astrometric measurements during observations. The trail detection algorithm combines robust background estimation, contour extraction, and geometric characterization to provide reliable positional and photometric information. The IAC80 system routinely delivers accurate measurements, with astrometric precision better than one arcsecond and the capability to acquire a large number of observations per night, particularly for MEO and GEO targets. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of adapting classical astronomical facilities for operational SST applications and highlight the role of the IAC80 telescope as a reliable contributor to the European Space Surveillance and Tracking network.

Biological signaling is often governed by extreme value statistics, where a rapid response relies on the fastest few out of a large redundant group of searchers. While extreme first passage time (FPT) theory is well established for homogeneous ensembles, its sensitivity to population heterogeneity remains open. We show that averaging over a heterogeneous population of memoryless random walkers gives rise to ensemble self-reinforcement. This heterogeneity drastically changes both the FPT and minimum FPT densities relative to a homogeneous ensemble with identical mean rates. The modal and minimum FPTs are an order of magnitude smaller for heterogeneous populations relative to homogeneous ones. Our exact analytical predictions establish that population heterogeneity is a parameter that biology can exploit and not merely noise to be averaged away.

We study the sensitivity of a high-energy $\mu-$collider with center of mass energy in the multi–TeV range in testing electroweak dipole interactions of the $b-$quark. We parametrize the relevant deformations in the language of the Standard Model effective field theory, where the dominant modifications arise at the $d=6$ level. We analyse $\mu^+ \mu^- \to b \bar b$ and $\mu^+ \mu^- \to b \bar b h$ scatterings, performing a study at the level of a fast detector simulation. Owing the chiral structure of the dipole interaction, the study of the $\mu^+ \mu^- \to b \bar b h$ process allows to enforce the stronger bounds on the Wilson coefficients of the $d=6$ operators. The limits that can be obtained surpass present and future bounds from EW precision measurements also improving upon the ones arising from the measurement of the $\Delta F=1$ transitions $B\to X_s\gamma$.

Four-phonon scattering is widely regarded as the leading higher-order anharmonic correction to conventional three-phonon description of anharmonic scattering and lattice thermal transport. Here we show that diagrammatic perturbation theory contains another phonon linewidth contribution of the same perturbation order, arising from the coupling between cubic and quintic anharmonic vertices. We derive and implement this contribution from first principles and identify it as a quintic-anharmonicity-assisted three-phonon scattering channel. Although this process shares energy-conservation structure of the conventional three-phonon process, its perturbative order and temperature dependence resemble those of the conventional four-phonon process. For Si, we find that phonon scattering from this additional channel is comparable to four-phonon scattering over a broad frequency and temperature range, leading to a similar accelerated reduction of lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures. We further show that in strongly anharmonic AgCl, this channel can become comparable to the ordinary three-phonon scattering even at room temperature. These results demonstrate that the commonly observed high-temperature enhanced scattering and suppression of lattice thermal conductivity might not be attributed uniquely to four-phonon process, and establish quintic-anharmonicity-assisted three-phonon scattering as a previously overlooked same-order channel in anharmonic lattice dynamics, which may be leveraged to uncover hidden microscopic thermal transport mechanisms.

We review here two different viewpoints on the Berry-Keating operator $H_{BK}$, whose connection to the Riemann hypothesis remains an intriguing and not yet fully understood question, despite considerable attention in the recent literature. In particular, we propose two somehow complementary views to $H_{BK}$: the first is based on a purely Hilbertian point of view, on dilation operators and on the Mellin transform. The second is a distributional approach, with a specific view to ladder operators, generalized eigenstates of $H_{BK}$, and generalized coherent states.

We revisit the bound states of the Morse potential in the momentum representation. After the ground-state factor is extracted, the remaining factors are finite rational functions of the momentum variable. These functions are eigenfunctions of a second-order difference operator and are identified with the symmetric specialization of a finite family of biorthogonal rational functions introduced by Koepf and Masjed-Jamei. They also satisfy a generalized eigenvalue problem in the degree variable, thereby placing the Morse momentum wavefunctions within the framework of rational bispectrality and $R_{II}$-type systems. Finally, after extraction of their poles, the same wavefunctions are expressed in terms of Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials with degree-dependent parameters. This gives a simple description of their zeros. The Morse potential thus provides a concrete quantum-mechanical realization of finite biorthogonal rational functions.

All B-type subdwarf stars (hereafter sdB) should have low flux of ionizing photons, making them incapable of producing a noticeable circumstellar photoionized shell. However, a few sdB stars have been associated with circumstellar nebulae, resembling in some cases a planetary nebula. These discoveries spark doubts about the nature of the physical processes behind the formation of the nebula. In this paper, we describe the newfound parabolic-shaped nebula associated with the high proper motion sdB star TYC 3315-1807-1. The apex of the Halpha nebula is situated approximately 0.5 arcmin in the direction of the stellar proper motion. A wider parabolic-shaped nebula is also detected in WISE W1 infrared images at 3.4 micron, whereas GALEX images show extended far-UV emission around the star within the optical and mid-IR emissions. Like most other sdB stars with associated nebulae, TYC 3315-1807-1 moves at a high-speed (102 km/s) across the Galactic plane. The low luminosity of TYC 3315-1807-1 cannot provide its wind with the momentum necessary to form and keep a bow shock. The nebula around TYC 3315-1807-1 is rather suggested to be a Mach wave partially excited by shocks and photoionization or the encounter of the star with an over-density clump in the ISM.

We study the out-of-equilibrium scaling behavior of the particle density in quantum fermionic Kitaev wires, after instantaneous quantum quenches (QQs) of the chemical potential within their quantum critical region. The critical scaling of the ground-state particle density is known to be subleading at its Ising-like quantum transition, hidden by regular and logarithmic terms arising from peculiar mixings with the identity operator. This situation changes along the out-of-equilibrium dynamics arising from QQs of the chemical potential to the critical point, starting from the ground state for Hamiltonian parameters within the critical region. We analytically show that the difference between the post-QQ particle density and its critical value develops an out-of-equilibrium scaling behavior, in terms of the dynamic scaling variable $\theta\sim t/\xi^z$ (where $t>0$ is the post-QQ time, $\xi$ is the length scale of the initial state, and $z$ is the dynamic critical exponent) associated with the post-QQ time evolution. The scaling function turns out to have a peculiar singular behavior in the $\theta\to 0$ limit, apparently related to the anomalous equilibrium scaling behavior of the particle density at the starting point of the QQ protocol. This provides analytical evidence of earlier conjectures on the general emergence of post-QQ dynamic scaling behaviors of the subtracted particle density (supported by numerical finite-size scaling analyses), unlike their equilibrium counterpart which turns out to be dominated by nonuniversal contributions.

Fibre recruitment plays an important role in tendon. Due to their large water content, a popular modelling approach for tendons is poroelasticity. Within this framework some tendon studies have included fibres, though none have included crimped fibre recruitment. We present a one dimensional poroelastic model in which the solid skeleton is composed of a soft neo-Hookean background matrix and crimped fibrils which do not bear load (FIB model). As the tissue is stretched, fibrils are straightened and contribute to load bearing. The fibre-reinforced tissue is compared to a tissue with a purely neo-Hookean (NH) skeleton in response to a uniaxial constant applied load (loading) and release of the load (unloading). The system dynamics are governed by a diffusion equation where the diffusion coefficient depends on stiffness. Within tendon parameter ranges, the FIB model is softer than the NH model, and so approaches steady state more slowly during loading. The presence of stiff, crimped fibrils increases bulk extension without excessively straining the fibrils, providing a natural protection mechanism for the tendon's structural components to load, in agreement with experiments. During unloading, the FIB model is much slower to relax as the tissue softens due to fibril re-crimping. This asymmetry in loading and unloading manifests as a hysteresis loop in the stress-strain curve averaged over the tendon. The hysteresis is reduced with increasing applied load. To the authors' knowledge, the finding of hysteresis within this framework is novel. The inclusion of fibrils allows for clearer biological interpretation and potential comparison to data. While the stress law employed in this study is bespoke for the application at hand by accounting for crimp and fibril recruitment, other fibril constitutive laws can readily be considered and incorporated into this framework.

We study a stochastic mean-field interacting particle system whose state space is $\Y = \Tt^d \times \cP(U)$, where the first component represents a spatial variable and the second one is a probability measure over a compact metric space $U$. The dynamics are driven by locally Lipschitz drift operators: the spatial component evolves according to a Brownian diffusion, while the measure-valued component is perturbed by a projected cylindrical noise acting in the Arens–Eells space. We first establish existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for both the $N$-particle system and the associated nonlinear McKean–Vlasov equation under locally Lipschitz and linear growth assumptions on the drift coefficients. We then prove propagation of chaos: as $N\to\infty$, the empirical measure converges in expectation in Wasserstein–1 distance towards the unique McKean–Vlasov solution. Further, we investigate exponential convergence of the nonlinear McKean–Vlasov dynamics towards a unique invariant measure.

Ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation used in FLASH radiotherapy can lead to significant reductions in charge collection efficiency (CCE) in plane-parallel ionisation chambers (PPICs) due to enhanced ion recombination, while the high charge densities involved can also induce strong space-charge-induced electric-field distortions. To investigate these coupled effects, we extended the Garfield++ Monte Carlo particle-transport framework by implementing ion–ion recombination and self-consistent space-charge electric field calculations. The developed Monte Carlo model couples particle transport, electron attachment, recombination processes, and dynamic electric-field distortions. The implementation was validated against analytical and numerical models from the literature. Excellent agreement was obtained for the free electron fraction (FEF), CCE, induced current, and electric field evolution under UHDR conditions. The simulations show that space charge can locally increase the electric field by more than a factor of four or reduce it to nearly zero in some regions of the chamber. The results further suggest that the reduction of the CCE under UHDR conditions is mainly driven by the decrease of the FEF caused by electric-field-dependent electron attachment. This finding indicates that the complex problem of recombination under UHDR conditions may be largely governed by the evolution of the FEF, opening promising perspectives for the development of improved analytical models and real-time correction methods for ionisation chamber dosimetry under UHDR irradiation conditions. This work provides a flexible and self-consistent Monte Carlo framework for investigating recombination phenomena and improving dosimetry models for FLASH radiotherapy.

Stellar ages are vital for understanding the formation of our galaxy, but they are among the most challenging parameters to measure. Many authors address this by using machine learning models trained on stars of known age. Here we used data for 351,995 stars from Milky Way Mapper Data Release 19 to explore the sensitivity of the inferred ages to 1) neural network hyperparameters, 2) machine learning architecture, and 3) training set. We find that the resulting ages are generally insensitive to the neural network hyperparameters or the machine learning architecture, but are somewhat sensitive to the training set chosen. We also find that ages for the oldest, coolest, and lowest metallicity stars in the sample are most sensitive to the methodology used and the training set chosen. In general, our analysis suggests that even simple neural network models are sufficient for accurate age inference, but future work expanding the available training sets will be an important component of predicting reliable ages for the full galactic population.

Parallel to the AdS Scale-Space construction in \cite{Yang:2026AdS}, we construct a $(d+1)$-dimensional de Sitter QFT directly from $d$-dimensional CFT data. The dS geometry is the moduli space of oriented balls, and the lifted operators are obtained by conformal-family Casimir completion. The Euclidean parent CFT gives a finite wavefunction representation, while the Minkowski parent CFT gives a double-time representation that is unitary in the parent-time polarization. This provides a CFT-based framework for reexamining puzzles of dS and double-time QFT.

Exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark model provide a direct window into the dynamics of strong interaction. However, extracting the multiquark spectroscopy has to face the quantum many-body problem, which is still a theoretical challenge. In this case, diquark-antidiquark model is proposed as an approximation. Although this model can describe the spectroscopy roughly, it cannot describe the detailed dynamics. Furthermore, the methods aiming at dealing with many-body problem, e.g. the Gaussian expansion method and Diffusion Monte Carlo, are proposed, but face severe computational bottlenecks. In this work, we introduce the neural-network quantum state (NNQS) approach to investigate the spectra of fully-heavy multiquark states within the non-relativistic potential quark model. By employing deep neural networks to represent the complex many-body spatial wave function, and constructing the color-spin part exactly from group theory to enforce fermionic antisymmetry, our approach effectively overcomes the dimensionality obstacles inherent in traditional methods. The results are compared with various model calculations, demonstrating that NNQS offers superior accuracy and flexibility, particularly in treating high-dimensional correlations. This work establishes NNQS as a promising tool for exploring the spectroscopy of exotic hadrons.

Topological defects play a central role in the mechanical behavior of crystalline materials, yet their relevance to amorphous solids has only recently begun to emerge. Over the last few years, theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have revealed the presence of well-defined topological invariants in vibrational eigenmodes, non-affine displacement fields, and deformation-induced vector fields of glasses. These defects have been shown to correlate strongly with soft spots, localized plastic rearrangements, yielding, and shear-band formation, suggesting a new perspective on the microscopic origins of plasticity in disordered materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the rapidly growing field of topological defects in glasses. We discuss the underlying theoretical concepts, including Burgers vectors, non-affine plasticity, vibrational modes, and topological invariants, and review recent numerical and experimental advances. Finally, we assess the current achievements, limitations, and open questions, and discuss future directions toward a unified topological description of plasticity and mechanical failure in amorphous solids.

Bipartite nonlocal magic resource (BNMR) quantifies the irreducible nonstabilizerness residing in bipartite entanglement, yet its evaluation is intractable due to the full Hilbert space optimization. Here, we introduce a canonical encoding framework that exactly confines the BNMR of an arbitrary bipartite pure state within a minimal encoding core. This dimension reduction proves that pure-state BNMR is an intrinsic function of the nonzero Schmidt spectrum, extending its invariance from local unitary transformations to local isometries. Leveraging this spectral link, we derive the leading quadratic response of BNMR under spectral perturbations around its zeros. We apply this quadratic response to Haar-random states, deriving and numerically validating the BNMR profile: its distribution is sharply localized at the symmetric bipartition and exponentially suppressed toward asymmetric cuts, in stark contrast to the broadening Page curve of entanglement. Finally, we provide a closed-form expression for the BNMR of Schmidt rank-2 states, uncovering a hierarchy collapse in generalized GHZ states where bipartite and global nonlocal magic resources coincide exactly.

In this paper, we generalize our previous work on the fermionic tidal Love numbers (TLNs) to higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes. The massless Dirac equation is solved in $D$-dimensional spacetime using ingoing Eddington coordinates and regular tetrads. After identifying the regular solution branch, we extract the fermionic TLNs from its asymptotic behavior at infinity. The resulting TLNs exhibit a rich dimension-dependent structure that generalizes the four-dimensional case. Unlike bosonic TLNs, which vanish for certain values of the total angular momentum $l$ in dimensions $D>4$, fermionic TLNs remain non-zero for all $l$ and $D \geq 4$, except for extremal black holes. Moreover, the $l$-dependence weakens as $D$ increases, disappearing entirely in the infinite-dimensional limit. These results provide new insights into black hole responses to fermionic perturbations in higher-dimensional spacetimes.

A fundamental question in $p$-adic symplectic geometry and $p$-adic Hamiltonian mechanics is to what extent we can learn new information about integrable systems with coefficients in the rational numbers $\mathbb{Q}$, if we view them as $p$-adic systems instead of real ones. We combine geometric analytic estimates with Galois theory in order to show that at a local level, these real and $p$-adic viewpoints give completely different information. Then we focus on understanding this local behavior for the $p$-adic case by proving effective methods to compute local normal forms. Our results are motivated by a program outlined by Pelayo-Voevodsky-Warren a decade ago, to develop a $p$-adic theory of integrable systems and symplectic geometry.

Tidal modulation of tectonic tremors provides a sensitive measure of fault response to small stress perturbations, yet how this response varies in a mixed fast and slow earthquake system remains unclear. Here we present the first systematic investigation of tremor tidal sensitivity in such a system, focusing on tectonic tremors along the northeastern Japan subduction zone. Using a tremor catalog from 2016 to 2024, we show that the southern end of the Kuril Trench, characterized by tremor migration and relatively weak seismicity, exhibits the strongest tidal sensitivity, whereas the northern Japan Trench shows the weakest response. Spatial analysis further reveals that areas with weaker tidal sensitivity tend to coincide with more earthquakes ($M_j \geq 4$) and denser tremor activity. In addition, tidal sensitivity at the southern end of the Kuril Trench increases from the early to later stages in tremor migration, potentially reflecting changes associated with underlying slow slip processes. Together, these spatial and temporal patterns suggest that tremor tidal sensitivity may be influenced by the relative contribution of other ongoing perturbations. These results highlight tidal sensitivity as a useful probe of the underlying perturbation environment and provide insight into the possible influence of slow slip processes, earthquakes, and other stress changes on tremor-generating regions.

Traditional studies of quantum synchronization in finite-dimensional spin systems usually focus on entrainment of a single spin to an external drive, leaving mutual synchronization among multiple spins poorly understood. We investigate mutual quantum synchronization across bipartite and tripartite spin architectures in a driven-dissipative cavity-coupled quantum Rabi network in the dispersive adiabatic regime. Inspired by the Kuramoto model of classical phase synchronization, we introduce a phase-space measure of quantum synchronization using the first angular moments of Husimi-Q phase distributions. To compare the collective phase localization with reduced-subsystem contributions and local individual phase locking, we construct a bipartite and tripartite synchronization gap. For two spins, the steady-state synchronization gap is negative. This reflects that the relative phase is localized more strongly than the individual spin phases can account for, signaling mutual synchronization beyond independent entrainment by the drive. For three spins in a triangular network, the synchronization gap is positive in the parameter regime studied, i.e., the collective three-body localization is bounded by the pairwise measures. Our results underscore that quantum phase synchronization strongly depends upon network topology and establish the phase-sensitive synchronization gaps as an effective diagnostic for multipartite phase correlations in open quantum systems.

The Earth's climate is an ensemble of interacting, spatially extended oscillatory media ('climate systems') whose slow-changing averages coexist with chaotic, high-frequency weather fluctuations in quasi-equilibrium. The limit of deterministic predictability (LDP) for any climate system is determined by its fastest-growing errors. However, recent findings show that the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) can be predicted up to 18 months in advance-far beyond its LDP. Using a model of two interacting oscillatory media, we show that this extended predictability arises from lag synchronization between ISMR and its predictor, the Global El Nino-Southern Oscillation (G-ENSO), to which it is strongly coupled. We introduce complex order parameters representing the internal dynamics of the two climate systems. Their spatiotemporal evolution is governed by coupled Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equations, producing aperiodic yet strongly correlated time series at long lead times. Our findings have far-reaching consequences in advancing seasonal prediction across climate systems.