Peer Revenue Fully funded

Papers

Fresh from arXiv, typeset properly. Highlighted words trade on the market.

Physics

Watch Physics

Thursday 4 June

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Associated $Z$ + $J/\psi$ production as a probe of multiparton interactions in the forward region

LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta et al. (+1205 more)

This letter reports a study of associated $Z$ boson and prompt $J/\psi$ production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the LHCb detector in the forward rapidity region, using a data sample taken during 2016 to 2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.1 \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The measured fiducial cross-section is $5.5 \pm 1.5$ pb, significantly exceeding the single-parton scattering expectation of $0.10 \pm 0.08$ pb, indicating that multiparton interactions dominate this process in the explored phase space. Interpreted within the standard double-parton scattering framework, the data yields an effective cross-section $\sigma_{\mathrm{eff}} = 16.6 \pm 4.7$ mb. This provides a direct experimental constraint on the transverse spatial structure of the proton in a kinematic regime characterized simultaneously by small Bjorken-$x$ and an electroweak hard scale set by the $Z$ boson mass.
Read the full abstract

All authors LHCb collaboration: R. Aaij, A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb, C. Abellan Beteta, F. Abudinén, T. Ackernley, A.A. Adefisoye, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, P. Adlarson, C. Agapopoulou, C.A. Aidala, Z. Ajaltouni, S. Akar, K. Akiba, M. Akthar, P. Albicocco, J. Albrecht, R. Aleksiejunas, F. Alessio, P. Alvarez Cartelle, R. Amalric, S. Amato, J.L. Amey, Y. Amhis, L. An, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, P. Andreola, M. Andreotti, S. Andres Estrada, A. Anelli, D. Ao, C. Arata, F. Archilli, Z. Areg, M. Argenton, S. Arguedas Cuendis, L. Arnone, A. Artamonov, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, R. Ataíde Da Silva, M. Atzeni, B. Audurier, J.A. Authier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller Perea, S. Bachmann, M. Bachmayer, J.J. Back, P. Baladron Rodriguez, V. Balagura, A. Balboni, W. Baldini, Z. Baldwin, L. Balzani, H. Bao, J. Baptista de Souza Leite, C. Barbero Pretel, M. Barbetti, I.R. Barbosa, R.J. Barlow, M. Barnyakov, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, J. Bartz, S. Bashir, B. Batsukh, P.B. Battista, A. Bavarchee, A. Bay, A. Beck, M. Becker, F. Bedeschi, I.B. Bediaga, N.A. Behling, S. Belin, A. Bellavista, K. Belous, I. Belov, I. Belyaev, G. Benane, G. Bencivenni, E. Ben-Haim, A. Berezhnoy, R. Bernet, S. Bernet Andres, A. Bertolin, F. Betti, J. Bex, O. Bezshyyko, S. Bhattacharya, M.S. Bieker, N.V. Biesuz, A. Biolchini, M. Birch, F.C.R. Bishop, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J.E. Blank, S. Blusk, V. Bocharnikov, J.A. Boelhauve, O. Boente Garcia, T. Boettcher, A. Bohare, A. Boldyrev, C. Bolognani, R. Bolzonella, R.B. Bonacci, N. Bondar, A. Bordelius, F. Borgato, S. Borghi, M. Borsato, J.T. Borsuk, E. Bottalico, S.A. Bouchiba, M. Bovill, T.J.V. Bowcock, A. Boyer, C. Bozzi, J.D. Brandenburg, A. Brea Rodriguez, N. Breer, J. Brodzicka, J. Brown, D. Brundu, E. Buchanan, M. Burgos Marcos, A.T. Burke, C. Burr, C. Buti, J.S. Butter, J. Buytaert, W. Byczynski, S. Cadeddu, H. Cai, Y. Cai, A. Caillet, R. Calabrese, S. Calderon Ramirez, L. Calefice, M. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, P. Camargo Magalhaes, J.I. Cambon Bouzas, P. Campana, A.C. Campos, A.F. Campoverde Quezada, Y. Cao, S. Capelli, M. Caporale, L. Capriotti, R. Caravaca-Mora, A. Carbone, L. Carcedo Salgado, R. Cardinale, A. Cardini, P. Carniti, L. Carus, A. Casais Vidal, R. Caspary, G. Casse, M. Cattaneo, G. Cavallero, V. Cavallini, S. Celani, I. Celestino, S. Cesare, A.J. Chadwick, I. Chahrour, H. Chang, M. Charles, Ph. Charpentier, E. Chatzianagnostou, R. Cheaib, M. Chefdeville, C. Chen, J. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Chen, A. Chen Hu, M. Cherif, A. Chernov, S. Chernyshenko, X. Chiotopoulos, V. Chobanova, M. Chrzaszcz, A. Chubykin, V. Chulikov, P. Ciambrone, X. Cid Vidal, G. Ciezarek, P. Cifra, P.E.L. Clarke, M. Clemencic, H.V. Cliff, J. Closier, C. Cocha Toapaxi, V. Coco, J. Cogan, E. Cogneras, L. Cojocariu, S. Collaviti, P. Collins, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, A. Comerma-Montells, L. Congedo, J. Connaughton, A. Contu, N. Cooke, G. Cordova, C. Coronel, I. Corredoira, A. Correia, G. Corti, J. Cottee Meldrum, B. Couturier, D.C. Craik, M. Cruz Torres, M. Cubero Campos, E. Curras Rivera, R. Currie, C.L. Da Silva, S. Dadabaev, X. Dai, E. Dall'Occo, J. Dalseno, C. D'Ambrosio, J. Daniel, G. Darze, A. Davidson, J.E. Davies, O. De Aguiar Francisco, C. De Angelis, F. De Benedetti, J. de Boer, K. De Bruyn, S. De Capua, M. De Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, E. De Lucia, J.M. De Miranda, L. De Paula, M. De Serio, P. De Simone, F. De Vellis, J.A. de Vries, F. Debernardis, D. Decamp, S. Dekkers, L. Del Buono, B. Delaney, J. Deng, V. Denysenko, O. Deschamps, F. Dettori, B. Dey, P. Di Nezza, I. Diachkov, S. Didenko, S. Ding, Y. Ding, L. Dittmann, V. Dobishuk, A.D. Docheva, A. Doheny, C. Dong, A.M. Donohoe, F. Dordei, A.C. dos Reis, A.D. Dowling, L. Dreyfus, W. Duan, P. Duda, L. Dufour, V. Duk, P. Durante, M.M. Duras, J.M. Durham, O.D. Durmus, A. Dziurda, A. Dzyuba, S. Easo, E. Eckstein, U. Egede, A. Egorychev, V. Egorychev, S. Eisenhardt, E. Ejopu, L. Eklund, M. Elashri, D. Elizondo Blanco, J. Ellbracht, S. Ely, A. Ene, J. Eschle, T. Evans, F. Fabiano, S. Faghih, L.N. Falcao, B. Fang, R. Fantechi, L. Fantini, M. Faria, K. Farmer, F. Fassin, D. Fazzini, L. Felkowski, C. Feng, M. Feng, A. Fernandez Casani, M. Fernandez Gomez, A.D. Fernez, F. Ferrari, F. Ferreira Rodrigues, M. Ferrillo, M. Ferro-Luzzi, S. Filippov, R.A. Fini, M. Fiorini, M. Firlej, K.L. Fischer, D.S. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzpatrick, T. Fiutowski, F. Fleuret, A. Fomin, M. Fontana, L.A. Foreman, R. Forty, D. Foulds-Holt, V. Franco Lima, M. Franco Sevilla, M. Frank, E. Franzoso, G. Frau, C. Frei, D.A. Friday, J. Fu, Q. Führing, T. Fulghesu, G. Galati, M.D. Galati, A. Gallas Torreira, D. Galli, S. Gambetta, M. Gandelman, P. Gandini, B. Ganie, H. Gao, R. Gao, T.Q. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, L.M. Garcia Martin, P. Garcia Moreno, J. García Pardiñas, P. Gardner, L. Garrido, C. Gaspar, A. Gavrikov, L.L. Gerken, E. Gersabeck, M. Gersabeck, T. Gershon, S. Ghizzo, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, F.I. Giasemis, V. Gibson, H.K. Giemza, A.L. Gilman, M. Giovannetti, A. Gioventù, L. Girardey, M.A. Giza, F.C. Glaser, V.V. Gligorov, C. Göbel, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, E. Golobardes, D. Golubkov, A. Golutvin, S. Gomez Fernandez, W. Gomulka, F. Goncalves Abrantes, I. Gonçales Vaz, M. Goncerz, G. Gong, J.A. Gooding, I.V. Gorelov, C. Gotti, E. Govorkova, J.P. Grabowski, L.A. Granado Cardoso, E. Graugés, E. Graverini, L. Grazette, G. Graziani, A.T. Grecu, N.A. Grieser, L. Grillo, S. Gromov, C. Gu, M. Guarise, L. Guerry, A.-K. Guseinov, E. Gushchin, Y. Guz, T. Gys, K. Habermann, T. Hadavizadeh, C. Hadjivasiliou, G. Haefeli, C. Haen, S. Haken, G. Hallett, P.M. Hamilton, J. Hammerich, Q. Han, X. Han, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, L. Hao, N. Harnew, T.J. Harris, M. Hartmann, S. Hashmi, J. He, N. Heatley, A. Hedes, F. Hemmer, C. Henderson, R. Henderson, R.D.L. Henderson, A.M. Hennequin, K. Hennessy, L. Henry, J. Herd, P. Herrero Gascon, J. Heuel, A. Heyn, A. Hicheur, G. Hijano Mendizabal, J. Horswill, R. Hou, Y. Hou, D.C. Houston, N. Howarth, W. Hu, X. Hu, W. Hulsbergen, R.J. Hunter, M. Hushchyn, D. Hutchcroft, M. Idzik, D. Ilin, P. Ilten, A. Iniukhin, A. Iohner, A. Ishteev, K. Ivshin, H. Jage, S.J. Jaimes Elles, S. Jakobsen, T. Jakoubek, E. Jans, B.K. Jashal, A. Jawahery, C. Jayaweera, A. Jelavic, V. Jevtic, Z. Jia, E. Jiang, X. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Y.J. Jiang, E. Jimenez Moya, N. Jindal, M. John, A. John Rubesh Rajan, D. Johnson, C.R. Jones, S. Joshi, B. Jost, J. Juan Castella, N. Jurik, I. Juszczak, K. Kalecinska, D. Kaminaris, S. Kandybei, M. Kane, Y. Kang, C. Kar, M. Karacson, A. Kauniskangas, J.W. Kautz, M.K. Kazanecki, F. Keizer, M. Kenzie, T. Ketel, B. Khanji, A. Kharisova, S. Kholodenko, G. Khreich, F. Kiraz, T. Kirn, V.S. Kirsebom, S. Klaver, N. Kleijne, A. Kleimenova, D.K. Klekots, K. Klimaszewski, M.R. Kmiec, T. Knospe, R. Kolb, S. Koliiev, L. Kolk, A. Konoplyannikov, P. Kopciewicz, P. Koppenburg, A. Korchin, I. Kostiuk, O. Kot, S. Kotriakhova, E. Kowalczyk, A. Kozachuk, P. Kravchenko, L. Kravchuk, O. Kravcov, M. Kreps, P. Krokovny, W. Krupa, W. Krzemien, O. Kshyvanskyi, S. Kubis, M. Kucharczyk, V. Kudryavtsev, E. Kulikova, A. Kupsc, V. Kushnir, B. Kutsenko, J. Kvapil, I. Kyryllin, D. Lacarrere, P. Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, A. Lampis, D. Lancierini, C. Landesa Gomez, J.J. Lane, G. Lanfranchi, C. Langenbruch, J. Langer, T. Latham, F. Lazzari, C. Lazzeroni, R. Le Gac, H. Lee, R. Lefèvre, A. Leflat, S. Legotin, M. Lehuraux, E. Lemos Cid, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, E.D. Lesser, B. Leverington, A. Li, C. Li, C. Li, H. Li, J. Li, K. Li, L. Li, M. Li, P. Li, P.-R. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, T. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lian, Q. Liang, X. Liang, Z. Liang, S. Libralon, A. Lightbody, C. Lin, T. Lin, R. Lindner, H. Linton, R. Litvinov, D. Liu, F.L. Liu, G. Liu, K. Liu, S. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.L. Liu, G. Loachamin Ordonez, I. Lobo, A. Lobo Salvia, A. Loi, T. Long, F.C.L. Lopes, J.H. Lopes, A. Lopez Huertas, C. Lopez Iribarnegaray, S. López Soliño, Q. Lu, C. Lucarelli, D. Lucchesi, M. Lucio Martinez, Y. Luo, A. Lupato, E. Luppi, K. Lynch, S. Lyu, X.-R. Lyu, G.M. Ma, H. Ma, S. Maccolini, F. Machefert, F. Maciuc, B. Mack, I. Mackay, L.M. Mackey, L.R. Madhan Mohan, M.J. Madurai, D. Magdalinski, D. Maisuzenko, J.J. Malczewski, S. Malde, L. Malentacca, A. Malinin, T. Maltsev, G. Manca, G. Mancinelli, C. Mancuso, R. Manera Escalero, F.M. Manganella, D. Manuzzi, D. Marangotto, J.F. Marchand, R. Marchevski, U. Marconi, E. Mariani, S. Mariani, C. Marin Benito, J. Marks, A.M. Marshall, L. Martel, G. Martelli, G. Martellotti, L. Martinazzoli, M. Martinelli, D. Martinez Gomez, D. Martinez Santos, F. Martinez Vidal, A. Martorell i Granollers, A. Massafferri, R. Matev, A. Mathad, V. Matiunin, C. Matteuzzi, K.R. Mattioli, A. Mauri, E. Maurice, J. Mauricio, P. Mayencourt, J. Mazorra de Cos, M. Mazurek, D. Mazzanti Tarancon, M. McCann, N.T. McHugh, A. McNab, R. McNulty, B. Meadows, S.E.R. Medaer, D. Melnychuk, D. Mendoza Granada, P. Menendez Valdes Perez, F.M. Meng, M. Merk, A. Merli, L. Meyer Garcia, D. Miao, H. Miao, M. Mikhasenko, D.A. Milanes, A. Minotti, E. Minucci, T. Miralles, B. Mitreska, D.S. Mitzel, R. Mocanu, A. Modak, L. Moeser, R.D. Moise, E.F. Molina Cardenas, T. Mombächer, M. Monk, T. Monnard, S. Monteil, A. Morcillo Gomez, G. Morello, M.J. Morello, M.P. Morgenthaler, A. Moro, J. Moron, W. Morren, A.B. Morris, A.G. Morris, R. Mountain, Z. Mu, E. Muhammad, F. Muheim, M. Mulder, K. Müller, F. Muñoz-Rojas, R. Murta, V. Mytrochenko, P. Naik, T. Nakada, R. Nandakumar, T. Nanut, G. Napoletano, I. Nasteva, M. Needham, E. Nekrasova, N. Neri, S. Neubert, N. Neufeld, P. Neustroev, J. Nicolini, D. Nicotra, E.M. Niel, N. Nikitin, L. Nisi, Q. Niu, B.K. Njoki, P. Nogarolli, P. Nogga, C. Normand, J. Novoa Fernandez, G. Nowak, C. Nunez, H.N. Nur, A. Oblakowska-Mucha, V. Obraztsov, T. Oeser, A. Okhotnikov, O. Okhrimenko, R. Oldeman, F. Oliva, E. Olivart Pino, M. Olocco, R.H. O'Neil, J.S. Ordonez Soto, D. Osthues, J.M. Otalora Goicochea, P. Owen, A. Oyanguren, O. Ozcelik, F. Paciolla, A. Padee, K.O. Padeken, B. Pagare, T. Pajero, A. Palano, L. Palini, M. Palutan, C. Pan, X. Pan, S. Panebianco, S. Paniskaki, G. Panshin, L. Paolucci, A. Papanestis, M. Pappagallo, L.L. Pappalardo, C. Pappenheimer, C. Parkes, D. Parmar, G. Passaleva, D. Passaro, A. Pastore, M. Patel, J. Patoc, C. Patrignani, A. Paul, C.J. Pawley, A. Pellegrino, J. Peng, X. Peng, M. Pepe Altarelli, S. Perazzini, D. Pereima, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Pereira Martinez, A. Pereiro Castro, C. Perez, P. Perret, A. Perrevoort, A. Perro, M.J. Peters, K. Petridis, A. Petrolini, S. Pezzulo, J.P. Pfaller, H. Pham, L. Pica, M. Piccini, L. Piccolo, B. Pietrzyk, G. Pietrzyk, R.N. Pilato, D. Pinci, F. Pisani, M. Pizzichemi, V.M. Placinta, M. Plo Casasus, T. Poeschl, F. Polci, M. Poli Lener, A. Poluektov, N. Polukhina, I. Polyakov, E. Polycarpo, S. Ponce, D. Popov, K. Popp, S. Poslavskii, K. Prasanth, C. Prouve, D. Provenzano, V. Pugatch, A. Puicercus Gomez, G. Punzi, J.R. Pybus, Q. Qian, W. Qian, N. Qin, R. Quagliani, R.I. Rabadan Trejo, R. Racz, J.H. Rademacker, M. Rama, M. Ramírez García, V. Ramos De Oliveira, M. Ramos Pernas, M.S. Rangel, F. Ratnikov, G. Raven, M. Rebollo De Miguel, F. Redi, J. Reich, F. Reiss, Z. Ren, P.K. Resmi, M. Ribalda Galvez, R. Ribatti, G. Ricart, D. Riccardi, S. Ricciardi, K. Richardson, M. Richardson-Slipper, F. Riehn, K. Rinnert, P. Robbe, G. Robertson, E. Rodrigues, A. Rodriguez Alvarez, E. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.A. Rodriguez Lopez, E. Rodriguez Rodriguez, J. Roensch, A. Rogachev, A. Rogovskiy, D.L. Rolf, P. Roloff, V. Romanovskiy, A. Romero Vidal, G. Romolini, F. Ronchetti, T. Rong, M. Rotondo, S.R. Roy, M.S. Rudolph, M. Ruiz Diaz, R.A. Ruiz Fernandez, J. Ruiz Vidal, J.J. Saavedra-Arias, J.J. Saborido Silva, N. Sagidova, D. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, B. Saitta, M. Salomoni, I. Sanderswood, R. Santacesaria, C. Santamarina Rios, M. Santimaria, L. Santoro, E. Santovetti, A. Saputi, D. Saranin, A. Sarnatskiy, G. Sarpis, M. Sarpis, C. Satriano, A. Satta, M. Saur, D. Savrina, H. Sazak, F. Sborzacchi, A. Scarabotto, S. Schael, S. Scherl, M. Schiller, H. Schindler, M. Schmelling, B. Schmidt, N. Schmidt, S. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schneider, A. Schopper, N. Schulte, M.H. Schune, G. Schwering, B. Sciascia, A. Sciuccati, G. Scriven, I. Segal, S. Sellam, A. Semennikov, T. Senger, M. Senghi Soares, A. Sergi, N. Serra, L. Sestini, A. Seuthe, B. Sevilla Sanjuan, Y. Shang, D.M. Shangase, M. Shapkin, R.S. Sharma, I. Shchemerov, L. Shchutska, T. Shears, L. Shekhtman, J. Shen, Z. Shen, S. Sheng, V. Shevchenko, B. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, W.S. Shi, Y. Shimizu, E. Shmanin, R. Shorkin, J.D. Shupperd, R. Silva Coutinho, G. Simi, S. Simone, M. Singha, I. Siral, N. Skidmore, T. Skwarnicki, M.W. Slater, E. Smith, M. Smith, L. Soares Lavra, M.D. Sokoloff, F.J.P. Soler, A. Solomin, A. Solovev, K. Solovieva, N.S. Sommerfeld, R. Song, Y. Song, Y. Song, Y.S. Song, F.L. Souza De Almeida, B. Souza De Paula, K.M. Sowa, E. Spadaro Norella, E. Spedicato, J.G. Speer, P. Spradlin, F. Stagni, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, O. Steinkamp, D. Strekalina, Y. Su, F. Suljik, J. Sun, J. Sun, L. Sun, D. Sundfeld, W. Sutcliffe, P. Svihra, V. Svintozelskyi, K. Swientek, F. Swystun, A. Szabelski, T. Szumlak, Y. Tan, Y. Tang, Y.T. Tang, M.D. Tat, J.A. Teijeiro Jimenez, A. Terentev, F. Terzuoli, F. Teubert, E. Thomas, D.J.D. Thompson, A.R. Thomson-Strong, H. Tilquin, V. Tisserand, S. T'Jampens, M. Tobin, T.T. Todorov, L. Tomassetti, G. Tonani, X. Tong, T. Tork, L. Toscano, D.Y. Tou, C. Trippl, G. Tuci, N. Tuning, L.H. Uecker, A. Ukleja, D.J. Unverzagt, A. Upadhyay, B. Urbach, A. Usachov, A. Ustyuzhanin, U. Uwer, V. Vagnoni, A. Vaitkevicius, V. Valcarce Cadenas, G. Valenti, N. Valls Canudas, J. van Eldik, H. Van Hecke, E. van Herwijnen, C.B. Van Hulse, R. Van Laak, M. van Veghel, G. Vasquez, R. Vazquez Gomez, P. Vazquez Regueiro, C. Vázquez Sierra, S. Vecchi, J. Velilla Serna, J.J. Velthuis, M. Veltri, A. Venkateswaran, M. Verdoglia, M. Vesterinen, W. Vetens, D. Vico Benet, P. Vidrier Villalba, M. Vieites Diaz, X. Vilasis-Cardona, E. Vilella Figueras, A. Villa, P. Vincent, B. Vivacqua, F.C. Volle, D. vom Bruch, N. Voropaev, K. Vos, C. Vrahas, J. Wagner, J. Walsh, E.J. Walton, G. Wan, A. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, N.W. Wang, R. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, X.W. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.H. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, J.A. Ward, M. Waterlaat, N.K. Watson, D. Websdale, Y. Wei, Z. Weida, J. Wendel, B.D.C. Westhenry, C. White, M. Whitehead, E. Whiter, A.R. Wiederhold, D. Wiedner, M.A. Wiegertjes, C. Wild, G. Wilkinson, M.K. Wilkinson, M. Williams, M.J. Williams, M.R.J. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, Z. Williams, F.F. Wilson, M. Winn, W. Wislicki, M. Witek, L. Witola, T. Wolf, E. Wood, G. Wormser, S.A. Wotton, H. Wu, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, K. Wyllie, S. Xian, Z. Xiang, Y. Xie, T.X. Xing, A. Xu, L. Xu, M. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, S. Yadav, K. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, V. Yeroshenko, H. Yeung, H. Yin, X. Yin, C.Y. Yu, J. Yu, X. Yuan, Y Yuan, J.A. Zamora Saa, M. Zavertyaev, M. Zdybal, F. Zenesini, C. Zeng, M. Zeng, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, S.L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, A. Zhelezov, S.Z. Zheng, X.Z. Zheng, Y. Zheng, T. Zhou, X. Zhou, Y. Zhou, V. Zhovkovska, L.Z. Zhu, X. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zhu, V. Zhukov, J. Zhuo, D. Zuliani

Fluid Dynamics

Stochastic Multiscale Reconstruction of Lagrangian Turbulence via Guided Diffusion Models

Conghui Wang, Tianyi Li, Luca Biferale et al. (+3 more)

Lagrangian turbulence is characterized by intermittent, fat-tailed fluctuations and nontrivial correlations across temporal scales, making a quantitative description of its full multiscale probability distribution a longstanding challenge. A particularly important question is whether unresolved fine-scale fluctuations can be inferred from coarse-grained trajectory information. Here, we address this problem by sampling the conditional distribution of unresolved fluctuations using a diffusion-model prior conditioned on large-scale dynamics obtained through a wavelet-based coarse-graining of Lagrangian trajectories. Using tracer trajectories from direct numerical simulations of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence at $Re_\lambda \simeq 310$, we show that the reconstructed signals recover scale-dependent intermittent statistics, including high-order structure functions, flatness, and local scaling exponents, together with cross-scale temporal correlations between resolved and unresolved fluctuations. The method also reproduces the broad stochastic variability of intermittent acceleration fluctuations conditioned on the same coarse-grained trajectory, whereas Gaussian-process reconstructions in wavelet representation suppress rare events. Our results show that small-scale Lagrangian intermittency can be modeled as a non-Gaussian conditional stochastic process constrained by coarse-scale dynamics and quantitatively reproduced through data-driven generative sampling.
Read the full abstract

All authors Conghui Wang, Tianyi Li, Luca Biferale, Qinmin Zheng, Michele Buzzicotti, Fabio Bonaccorso

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Two Fabry-Perots and two calibration units for CARMENES

Sebastian Schafer, Eike W. Günther, Ansgar Reiners et al. (+3 more)

The wavelength calibration and nightly drift measurements for CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) are provided by a combination of hollow cathode lamps and two Fabry-Pérot units. CARMENES consists of two spectrograph, one for the visible part of the spectrum (520-960nm) and one for the near infrared (960-1710nm). Each spectrograph has its own calibration unit and its own Fabry-Pérot. The calibration units are equipped with Th-Ne, U-Ar and U-Ne hollow cathode lamps as well as a flat field lamp. The Fabry-Pérots are optimized for the wavelength ranges of the spectrographs and use halogen-tungsten lamps as light sources. The Fabry-Pérots have a free spectral range of 15GHz for the visible and 12.2GHz for the near infrared which translates to $\sim$17,900 useful emission lines for the visible spectrograph and $\sim$9,700 for the infrared. These lines are used to compute the wavelength solution, and to monitor the instrumental drift during the night. The Fabry-Pérot units are temperature and pressure stabilized and designed to reach an internal stability of better than 10\,cm/s per night. Here, we present the designs of both Fabry-Pérot units and the calibration units.
Read the full abstract

All authors Sebastian Schafer, Eike W. Günther, Ansgar Reiners, Johannes Winkler, Michael Pluto, Jörg Schiller

Astrophysics of Galaxies

WISE Photometry of Galaxies within 10 Mpc

R. Brent Tully, Ehsan Kourkchi and James D. Neill

For photometry of galaxies in the infrared that extend to very low surface brightnesses, it is necessary to observe with telescopes in space. WISE and NEOWISE provide sensitive all-sky access to mid-infrared flux from galaxies at 3.4mum (W1) and 4.6mum (W2) bands. This study is complemented by the availability of accurate Tip of the Red Giant Branch distances for a large fraction of the targets. In this work, photometry is assembled on a complete volume limited sample of galaxies between one and ten Mpc brighter than absolute magnitude -13 in the W1 band. Stellar masses are inferred from W1 fluxes and measured distances. While most of the galaxies are dwarfs, most of the stellar mass is concentrated in a small number of giants.
Read the full abstract

Quantum Physics

Periodic Symmetry-Adapted Encoding: Qubit Reduction in Crystalline Electronic Structure

Dario Picozzi

We introduce periodic symmetry-adapted encoding (SAE) for qubit-efficient simulations of crystalline materials, extending the molecular SAE framework developed in earlier work to periodic systems. The method constructs a Gamma-point supercell active-space Hamiltonian from k-point Hartree-Fock data and identifies independent Boolean symmetry generators arising from spin parity, crystal translations, and point-group operations. Each generator removes one qubit while preserving the Hamiltonian spectrum in the target symmetry sector. The inclusion of crystal translations increases the maximum number of independent generators, and hence the number of removable qubits, from five in molecular SAE to eight in periodic SAE. Across ten crystals spanning cubic, hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal structures, the method removes four to eight qubits. In CsCl, all eight generators are realised, reducing CAS(6,7) from 14 qubits to 6. Complete-spectrum comparisons verify target-sector isospectrality, while noiseless UCCSD-VQE reaches the fixed-particle FCI energies throughout the suite. The resulting circuits reduce unoptimised logical CNOT counts by up to 99.7% relative to the full Jordan-Wigner encoding. The method is implemented in the open-source QuantumSymmetry package.
Read the full abstract

Optics

Optical chirality of membrane metasurfaces with broken in-plane symmetry

Ivan Toftul, Brijesh Kumar and Yuri Kivshar

We study chiroptical properties of single-layer dielectric membrane metasurfaces with broken in-plane symmetry. Although chiral optics was long tied to structures lacking any mirror symmetry, planar (2D) chiral structures that retain a horizontal mirror plane now attract growing attention for their strong chiral optical effects. We explicitly show and explain how single-layer metasurfaces can achieve strong resonant chiral response. Although the single-layer geometry forbids conventional co-polarized circular dichroism, strong resonant conversion circular dichroism appears to be possible in particular wavelength ranges determined by the spectra of photonic eigenmodes. We explore its origin starting with a $C_4$ rotation-symmetric and in-plane mirror-symmetric membrane metasurface and applying to it various in-plane perturbations. Simultaneous breaking of the in-plane mirror symmetry and lifting the rotation symmetry unlocks resonantly enhanced circular conversion dichroism. We derive selection rules for this effect and trace its origin to eigenmode interference and intercoupling using chiral coupled-mode theory. Material absorption weakens the conversion dichroism produced by modes of opposite up-down parity, but it is essential for that produced by modes of the same parity.
Read the full abstract

Applied Physics

Electrolyte Bonding Engineering for Highly Uniform GeTe-based CBRAM and Parallel Hebbian Learning in Selector-free Hopfield Networks

Jiin Bang, Jingyeong Hwang, Unhyeon Kang et al. (+10 more)

Hopfield networks offer a hardware-friendly framework for energy-efficient associative memory, yet their practical realization in memristor crossbar arrays is critically hindered by device-to-device (D2D) variability, which prevents reliable parallel programming. Here, we address this bottleneck through systematic composition engineering of the Ge-Te solid electrolyte in conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) devices. By varying the Ge:Te ratio, we identify Ge3.5Te1 as an optimal electrolyte composition that suppresses stochastic resistance variation by approximately three orders of magnitude compared to GeSe-based devices. Raman spectroscopy reveals that this dramatic improvement originates from a bonding network dominated by asymmetric-stretching GeTe4 tetrahedral units, which form interconnected free-volume channels that confine and stabilize Cu+ ion migration pathways. Leveraging this enhanced uniformity, we fabricate a selector-less 16x16 Cu/Ge3.5Te1 CBRAM crossbar array and demonstrate a 4x4 Hopfield associative network capable of learning and recalling binary pattern pairs via fully parallel programming using a half-selection scheme. Successful pattern recall is achieved for up to two stored associations despite the absence of selector elements, establishing a proof-of-concept for selector-free hardware implementations of associative memory. These results highlight the critical role of electrolyte bonding structure in determining memristor uniformity and provide a materials-driven pathway toward scalable, parallel neuromorphic computing systems.
Read the full abstract

All authors Jiin Bang, Jingyeong Hwang, Unhyeon Kang, Seungmin Oh, Kyungmin Lee, Jaehyun Park, Younghyun Lee, Hyun Jae Jang, Seongsik Park, YeonJoo Jeong, Inho Kim, Jong Keuk Park, Suyoun Lee

Quantum Physics

Tight relation between the physical effects of a quantum measurement and the information gained about an observable

Natsuki Ogo and Holger F. Hofmann

The dynamics of quantum measurements defines a precise relation between the information gained about one physical property of a system and the observable changes in another physical property of the same system. Here, we express this relation in terms of the Hilbert space superpositions of the corresponding eigenstates and show how the probability of an observable physical change can be obtained from the Bayesian update of the probabilities associated with the information obtained in the measurement. Our analysis demonstrates that the superposition principle provides the tightest possible expression of the trade-off between information and back action in a quantum measurement.
Read the full abstract

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Scalarized extremal black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory with two U(1) fields

Xiao Yan Chew and Yun Soo Myung

We study scalarized extremal black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory with two different scalar couplings to two U(1) fields. This theory is inspired by the dyonic EMS theory. Two scalarzied extremal black holes are found with constant scalar hair. We confirm that these are exactly obtained from the extremal scalarization and entropy function approaches. This may imply that it is not easy to find extremal black holes with primary scalar hair.
Read the full abstract

Astrophysics of Galaxies

Evolution of the stellar mass function in open clusters from a universal and unsegregated initial state

Lu Li, Zhaozhou Li, Zhengyi Shao et al. (+2 more)

The stellar mass function (MF) and its spatial variation (mass segregation) within star clusters encode signatures of early formation physics and subsequent secular evolution. Yet, a coherent evolutionary picture remains elusive due to conflicting reports regarding the universality of the initial mass function (IMF) and the prevalence of primordial mass segregation. These discrepancies often arise from unresolved binaries, field contamination, and completeness bias. Here, we resolve these issues by analyzing 163 high-fidelity open clusters via a Bayesian forward-modeling framework. We reveal a remarkably simple initial state: young clusters ($\lesssim 300$ Myr) share a mean IMF slope of $-2.29$ in the mass range $M \geq 0.5 M_\odot$, consistent with the Salpeter slope but with an intrinsic scatter of 0.17, and exhibit minimal mass segregation at the onset of gas-free evolution ($\sim$10 Myr). This broadly universal "zero-point" for secular evolution disfavors star-forming scenarios that predict strong primordial segregation or significant IMF variations, and suggests that chaotic cluster assembly and gas expulsion efficiently erase any mild primordial inhomogeneities. By tracing the evolutionary sequence from $10^7$ to $10^{9.8}$ yr, we demonstrate that dynamical processing operates on distinct timescales: mass segregation proceeds rapidly via internal relaxation, whereas global MF flattening due to tidal evaporation becomes dominant only after $\sim$600 Myr. These findings impose robust observational constraints on the physics of star formation and early feedback and establish an empirical baseline for modeling secular stellar dynamics.
Read the full abstract

All authors Lu Li, Zhaozhou Li, Zhengyi Shao, Zepeng Zheng, Long Wang

High Energy Physics (Theory)

Detecting Topological Transitions and Anisotropy through Multipartite Entanglement in Holographic Weyl Semimetals

Xiantong Chen, Xuanting Ji, Wen-Peng Li et al. (+1 more)

We study multipartite entanglement structures in the zero-temperature holographic Weyl semimetal, focusing on tripartite and four-partite structures. For strip regions, we compute the conditional mutual information, the entanglement wedge cross section, tripartite measures $\kappa$ and the Markov gap, multi-EWCS, and two multi-EWCS based four-partite signals $\Delta$ and $g$. These quantities are studied as functions of the strip width $l$ and the tuning parameter across the topological transition. At large $l$, their $l$ dependence takes a power-law form governed by the IR scaling of the system. At fixed large $l$, all these entanglement quantities develop clear features near the critical point, showing that tripartite and four-partite entanglement structures can diagnose the topological quantum phase transition. We further study strips pointing in different directions to probe the anisotropy of the system. The anisotropic large l behavior distinguishes the nontrivial phase from the trivial phase. These results establish multipartite holographic entanglement as a sensitive, nonlocal probe of topological phase transitions and anisotropic IR physics.
Read the full abstract

All authors Xiantong Chen, Xuanting Ji, Wen-Peng Li, Ya-Wen Sun

Geophysics

Multi-Condition Guided Diffusion Model for Controllable Elastic Parameter Synthesis

Hongling Chen, Qi Pang, Chuangji Meng et al. (+2 more)

Prestack elastic parameter inversion is important for reservoir characterization and quantitative seismic interpretation. Most existing deep-learning-based methods have achieved promising results, but they generally require sufficient labeled training data and have limited flexibility in integrating multi-source conditioning information. To address this issue, we propose a multi-condition guided diffusion model for controllable elastic parameter synthesis. Elastic parameter training datasets are first constructed based on well log statistics and geological characteristics of the target area and are used to train the diffusion model. A unified multi-condition guided diffusion framework is then developed to incorporate both implicit and explicit conditioning information. Specifically, iterative latent variable refinement, Adapter-based conditioning, and a diffusion posterior sampling (DPS)-projection guidance strategy are introduced for implicit model-domain constraints, implicit structural constraints, and explicit conditioning-operator constraints, respectively. Synthetic examples demonstrate that the proposed method can generate elastic parameter samples that are consistent with the prescribed conditions under both single-condition and multi-condition guidance. When seismic data are used as conditioning information, the framework can be further adapted to seismic elastic parameter inversion. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the prediction of representative elastic parameters, including P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density, compared with baseline methods. The synthesized samples can also support downstream deep-learning-based inversion under limited labeled data, achieving competitive performance.
Read the full abstract

All authors Hongling Chen, Qi Pang, Chuangji Meng, Shian Shen, Jinghuai Gao

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

Majorana-like fermion physics: Emergence of topologically protected vortical states in graphene interacting with an electromagnetic field

H. V. Grushevskaya and George Krylov

Within the framework of a quasi-relativistic model of graphene that admits topologically nontrivial Majorana-like quasiparticle excitations, appearance of such vortex states in the frequency dependencies of the complex dielectric permittivity of the system subjected to an external electromagnetic field has been examined. The vortex graphene states possess topological charges (flavours ) being nonzero Zak phases. Interaction effects of Majorana-like modes have been qualitatively related to the formation of Fano resonances in the optical response. The constructed topological model of graphene may be considered as a toy model of three-flavour mass-neutrino oscillations.
Read the full abstract

Quantum Physics

Optimal convex approximation of quantum channels based on $\alpha$-affinity

Liqiang Zhang, Chengling Fu, Liuyong Cheng et al. (+2 more)

Determining the minimal distance between a target channel and a convex hull of predefined set of implementable channels is a fundamental problem in quantum resource theory, and provides key guidance for experimental implementations. In this work, we develop a unified analytical framework for optimal convex approximation of quantum channels based on the quantum $\alpha$-affinity measure. We construct a channel distance metric induced by the {\alpha}-affinity and the ChoiJamiolkowski isomorphism, which satisfies the required properties of a well-defined channel distance. Subsequently, we present an optimization framework for the convex approximation of quantum channels, and derive analytical solutions for the optimal convex approximation of single-qubit unitary channels over both the SU(2)-covariant and Pauli channel families, obtaining closed-form expressions for the optimal parameters and the minimal approximation distance. This framework is further applied to the amplitude-damping channel, yielding the explicit form of its optimal approximation and the associated minimal {\alpha}-affinity distance. In contrast to conventional approaches based on the diamond norm, our framework provides a systematic and analytically tractable approach to quantum channel approximation under realistic constraints.
Read the full abstract

All authors Liqiang Zhang, Chengling Fu, Liuyong Cheng, Guohui Yang, Changshui Yu

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

Multi-Period Fermi-LAT and LHAASO Constraints on Axion-Like Particles from Mrk 421 via $\chi^2$ Profile Likelihood with Gaussian Copula Correlation

Longhua Qin, Jiancheng Wang, Chuyuan Yang et al. (+9 more)

We present a joint multi-period analysis of axion-like particles (ALPs) using five sets of simultaneous Fermi-LAT and LHAASO observations of the TeV blazar Mrk~421. Photon-ALP oscillations are calculated self-consistently together with EBL absorption for two representative jet emission models: a two-zone hybrid model and a single-zone hadronic model. To account for weak correlations among different observational epochs, we adopt a $\chi^2$-based profile analysis combined with a Gaussian copula ($\rho=0.03$). Nuisance parameters are optimized under the no-ALP hypothesis before profiling the ALP parameters $m_a$ and $g_{a\gamma}$. In the low-mass regime ($m_a\lesssim1$\,neV) we obtain a 95% CL upper limit of $g_{a\gamma}=6.35\times10^{-13}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Over the full mass range $0.1$–$500$\,neV, the most conservative 95% CL upper limits are $g_{a\gamma}<6.69\times10^{-12}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ (two-zone) and $g_{a\gamma}<7.37\times10^{-12}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ (single-zone). Variations of the EBL template, the Galactic and intergalactic magnetic-field models, the spectral binning, and residual instrumental systematics change these limits by only a few percent. The jet magnetic field is the leading systematic and can shift the low-mass bound by a factor of a few; only a substantially weaker single-zone field degrades the constraint by about an order of magnitude. The analysis framework developed here provides a statistically consistent approach for future ALP searches with multi-messenger gamma-ray data.
Read the full abstract

All authors Longhua Qin, Jiancheng Wang, Chuyuan Yang, Huaizhen Li, Ao Wang, Weiwei Na, Hushan Xu, Zhongtao Han, Xiaogu Zhong, Zunli Yuan, Yubin Li, Guangbo Long

Geophysics

Preparing for the Next Carrington: Spatiotemporal Agent-Based Modeling for Safeguarding Satellite Infrastructure Under Extreme Space Weather Disturbances

Rushil Kukreja, Edward J. Oughton, Phillip M. Cunio et al. (+1 more)

Extreme space weather poses an existential threat to modern satellite infrastructure, with a Carrington-class solar storm projected to cause economic losses of billions of dollars per day. Due to the rapid proliferation of satellites (with over 70,000 expected to be deployed in the next 5 years), understanding extreme space weather impacts has become essential for global economic stability and national security, and consequently, the lives of millions. However, our current vulnerability to such events remains largely unknown, and existing models rely primarily on statistical populations instead of individual satellite behavior. Through the development of a novel spatiotemporal agent-based model (ABM), this study addresses two critical research challenges: (1) predicting the impacts of extreme space weather disturbances and (2) enabling real-time maneuver guidance for satellites during such events. Utilizing 41,644 satellite records, historical records from 5 recent space weather events, and atmospheric density models, we built individual satellite agents with physics-driven behaviors that make independent decisions by dynamically responding to constraints such as propellant requirements and collision avoidance thresholds. Scenario analysis suggests that 95% of satellites in Low Earth Orbit altitudes would experience enhanced atmospheric drag of 8x baseline levels, increasing collision risks by 2-3x. Monte Carlo simulations also predict direct economic impact per affected satellite on the order of $40M. Furthermore, the model successfully uses real-time conditions to provide maneuver recommendations, with 92% accuracy. This study is thus the first to provide a prototype framework for real-time adaptive decision systems to safeguard satellites against the next Carrington-class disruption.
Read the full abstract

All authors Rushil Kukreja, Edward J. Oughton, Phillip M. Cunio, Richard Linares

Nuclear Experiment

Heavy flavor physics with the sPHENIX MAPS vertex tracker upgrade

Yuanjing Ji

The sPHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will measure a suite of unique jet and Upsilon observables with unprecedented statistics and kinematic reach. A MAPS-based vertex detector upgrade to sPHENIX, the MVTX, will provide a precise determination of the impact parameter of tracks relative to the collision vertex in high multiplicity heavy ion collisions. The MVTX utilizes the latest generation of MAPS technology to provide precision tracking with high tracking efficiency over a broad momentum range in the high luminosity RHIC environment. These new capabilities will enable precision measurements of open heavy flavor observables, covering an unexplored kinematic regime at RHIC. The physics program, its potential impact, and recent detector development of the MVTX will be discussed.
Read the full abstract

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Metastability in Emergent Dark Energy: A New Framework Confronting Cosmological Observations

Xiaolei Li, Tonghua Liu, Tian-Nuo Li et al. (+3 more)

We propose the Metastable Emergent Dark Energy (MEDE) model, a novel phenomenological extension of the Phenomenological (PEDE) and Generalized (GEDE) Emergent Dark Energy frameworks, in which dark energy exhibits a transitionary behavior, appearing at late times and vanishing toward the future. This model naturally enables a smooth crossing of the phantom divide line in the dark energy equation of state, as hinted at by recent observations. The MEDE model is defined by a hyperbolic tangent dark energy equation of state $w(z)=-1-\Delta\tanh[\log_{10}((1+z)/(1+z_t))]$, introducing only two free parameters, the transition redshift $z_t$ and the variation amplitude $\Delta$, allowing both the emergent and transitionary behavior of dark energy. We constrain the MEDE model using a combined dataset of Planck CMB, DESI DR2 BAO, and different compilations of Type Ia supernovae, obtaining $z_t=0.425^{+0.084}_{-0.120}$ and $\Delta =0.87^{+0.29}_{-0.35}$ (for CMB+DESI+PantheonPlus), indicating a statistically significant deviation from the cosmological constant. Statistical comparisons show that the MEDE model is preferred over $\Lambda$CDM by the combined dataset, with $\Delta \rm DIC_{ MEDE-\Lambda CDM}= -9.29$. The MEDE model performs comparably to the CPL dynamical dark energy parametrization ($\Delta \rm DIC_{MEDE-CPL} = 0.74$), with no strong statistical distinction from CPL using current data. Notably, MEDE preserves the success of $\Lambda$CDM in describing early-universe physics and naturally accommodates the phantom-crossing signature indicated by the latest low-redshift observations. The MEDE scenario provides a compelling dark energy phenomenology that may guide us toward interesting theoretical implications.
Read the full abstract

All authors Xiaolei Li, Tonghua Liu, Tian-Nuo Li, Guo-Hong Du, Arman Shafieloo, Marek Biesiada

Quantum Physics

Symmetries and overparametrization properties of Hamiltonian variational ansatzes for the $(1+1)$d $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory

Kanta Yamanaka, Takanori Daiza, Katsumi Imaizumi et al. (+4 more)

We perform detailed studies of five Hamiltonian variational ansatzes (HVA) based on the Hamiltonian of the $(1+1)$d $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory. The ansatzes are designed to respect local and global symmetries of the original Hamiltonian and therefore act on a finely segmented state Hilbert space. Following Larocca et al. (2023), we numerically study the dimension of the dynamical Lie algebra (DLA) and the rank of the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) of the ansatzes within specific invariant subspaces. The ansatzes all involve sums of weight-three Paulis in their generators, which is a feature that have so far been underexplored in this context. We also perform numerical experiments to determine the ground state energy of the original Hamiltonian via variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), and observe that overparametrization of the ansatzes coincides with the apparent disappearance of local minima in the loss function, in line with the finding in the reference. Finally, the decay rate of the VQE loss function under gradient descent optimization is revealed to scale linearly with the number of parameters in the ansatz. These results help to enrich the theory of overparameterization of quantum circuits and inform the design of scalable variational ansatzes.
Read the full abstract

All authors Kanta Yamanaka, Takanori Daiza, Katsumi Imaizumi, Yutaro Iiyama, Lento Nagano, Ryu Sawada, Koji Terashi

Nuclear Experiment

Measurements on the production and properties of light hypernuclei at STAR

Yuanjing Ji

The hyperon-nucleon ($Y$-$N$) interaction, an important ingredient for the nuclear equation-of-state (EoS), remains poorly constrained. Precise measurements of hypernucei intrinsic properties and production yields in heavy-ion collisions are crucial for the understanding of their production mechanisms and the strength of the $Y$-$N$ interaction. Thanks to the high statistics data taken from the STAR BES II program, a series of hypernuclei measurements are carried out at low energies. In these proceedings, we present the kinematic and centrality dependence of light hypernuclei production yields and strangeness population factor ($S_3$, $S_4$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 3 GeV. We also report the energy dependence of $^{3}_{\Lambda}{\rm H}$ yields and $S_3$ at mid-rapidity from 3 to 27 GeV Au+Au collisions. Precise measurements of $^{4}_{\Lambda}{\rm He}$ lifetime and $^{3}_{\Lambda}{\rm H}$ branching ratio are also reported. These results are compared with model calculations and physics implications are discussed.
Read the full abstract

High Energy Physics (Theory) · Cross-listed from math.QA

BV construction of SUSY vertex algebras from SUSY factorization algebras

Shintarou Yanagida

We construct $N=1$ supersymmetric (SUSY) vertex algebras from supersymmetric enhancements of Costello–Gwilliam factorization algebras on super Riemann surfaces. Introducing SUSY factorization algebras defined on embedded SUSY disks together with natural symmetry conditions, we prove a SUSY analogue of the Costello–Gwilliam extraction theorem. As an application, we study the holomorphic sigma model in the BV formalism. For a linear target, we obtain the free $bc$-$\beta\gamma$ system and recover its structure as a SUSY vertex algebra. For general complex targets, we describe the descent of the theory under coordinate changes and identify the resulting SUSY vertex algebra with the chiral de Rham complex. We further show that Ricci-flat Kähler and hyperkähler targets give rise to $N=2$ and $N=4$ supersymmetric enhancements introduced by Ben-Zvi–Heluani–Szczesny.
Read the full abstract

Quantum Physics

Information-Geometric Bound on the Robustness of Entanglement Generation

Zain H. Saleem

Entanglement generation is a central resource for quantum information processing, quantum networking, and quantum sensing. In practical implementations, however, entangling interactions are inevitably subject to uncertainty and fluctuations in the interaction strength. We investigate the robustness of entanglement generation in the presence of such imperfections and establish a direct connection between the robustness of entanglement generation and quantum Fisher information (QFI). For two interacting qubits, we show that the reduction in concurrence caused by fluctuations in the interaction parameter is bounded by the QFI with respect to the interaction strength.
Read the full abstract

Nuclear Experiment

Observation of Strong $\phi$-meson Directed Flow at High Baryon Density

The STAR Collaboration

We report the first observation of a large directed flow ($v_1$) of $\phi$ mesons in mid-central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=3.0$-4.5 GeV, together with the $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7$ GeV collider-energy result for the collision-energy dependence, measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Despite its mesonic nature, the $\phi$-meson $v_{1}$ exhibits a magnitude comparable to that of protons and $\Lambda$ baryons, and is significantly larger (by a factor of $\gtrsim3$) than that of $K^0_S$ mesons at the lowest energies. The midrapidity slope $dv_1/dy$ shows a pronounced energy dependence similar to that observed for protons and $\Lambda$ baryons, in contrast to lighter mesons, in the high-baryon-density region. Comparisons with hadronic transport calculations indicate that the observed $\phi$-meson directed flow is consistent with production via high-mass baryon resonances and the collective motion of baryons influenced by baryonic mean-field interactions. Due to its long lifetime and relatively weak effective $\phi$-$N$ interaction, the $\phi$ meson can retain sensitivity to collective dynamics established during the dense baryonic stage of the collision. These results provide new experimental constraints on baryon-resonance production and strange-hadron transport dynamics in dense QCD matter.
Read the full abstract

High Energy Physics (Phenomenology)

Probing Quantum Numbers and Decay Branching Ratios of Exotic States via Entanglement-Enabled Spin Interference

Di Zhang, Zhangbu Xu and Chi Yang

Ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions (UPCs) coherently photo-produce vector mesons through two spatially separated and quantum-mechanically indistinguishable production sites, whose separation far exceeds the lifetime of the created resonance. The superposition of these amplitudes generates production-site entanglement, observed experimentally as entanglement-enabled spin-interference patterns in the angular distributions of the decay products. We show that these interference signatures provide a sensitive probe of spin-alignment transfer in hadronic decay chains, enabling intermediate-state quantum numbers and relative branching ratios to be measured from observed angular modulations. Using the decay $\rho(1450)\!\rightarrow\!\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ as example, we simulate the $a_{1}(1260)\pi$, $h_{1}(1170)\pi$, $\rho(\pi\pi)_{S}$, and $\pi(1300)\pi$ channels and demonstrate that each produces a distinct azimuthal $\cos 2\phi$ modulation. The $\pi(1300)\pi$ mode shows a uniquely separated response, allowing its branching fraction to be extracted directly. These results establish production-site entanglement in UPCs as a selective tool for hadron spectroscopy, particularly for broad or overlapping resonances that are otherwise difficult to disentangle.
Read the full abstract

Quantum Physics

Learning Hamiltonians at Long Times

Constantin Cedillo Vayson de Pradenne, Jordan Cotler and Hsin-Yuan Huang

We study the problem of learning an unknown $n$-qubit Hamiltonian $H$ from $U = e^{-iHt}$ for a single time $t$, where $t$ may be arbitrarily large. For broad families of local Hamiltonians, we prove that, with high probability over $H$ and $t$, any sum of local observables $A$ that is normalized and orthogonal to $H$ satisfies $\tfrac{1}{2^n}\|[U(t),A]\|_F^2 \geq 1/\text{poly}(n)$. The Hamiltonian is therefore the unique approximately conserved local observable, and we can efficiently recover $H$, up to scale, as the approximate null vector of a data matrix built from random product-state inputs and classical shadows. As a corollary, we obtain a weak equilibration statement: the infinite-temperature autocorrelation of every sum of local observables orthogonal to $H$ decays by at least an inverse-polynomial amount.
Read the full abstract

Optics

Aberration-Free Optical Spectrometer

Qingze Guan, Zi Heng Lim, Xinchen Wan et al. (+2 more)

Optical spectrometers are fundamental to scientific analysis, yet achieving high performance at low cost remains challenging because uncorrected aberrations rapidly degrade spectral resolution and typically necessitate complex, expensive optics. Moreover, to preserve spectral resolution, many compact designs remain fundamentally throughput-limited in terms of having a high f-number and a narrow slit. Here we present SHADES (Stochastic High-throughput Aberration-free Deep-Encoded Spectrometer), a general framework that mitigates the effects of optical aberrations using a stochastic grating array (SGA) coupled with physically grounded deep learning (DL), while substantially increasing optical throughput using encoded multi-slits. We develop a theoretical framework establishing aberration resilient spectroscopy in compact, highly aberrated systems, enabling miniaturization without sacrificing spectral resolution and optical throughput. SHADES utilizes an arbitrary spectrum generator (ASG) for hardware-in-the-loop calibration with a DL-based reconstruction pipeline. We further leverage transfer learning (TL) to reduce calibration data and computation for scalable deployment of SHADES. Experimentally, a micro-SHADES prototype achieves a spectral resolution of 2.4 nm over 450-700 nm and accurately reconstructs fluorescence spectra for chemical identification. Collectively, SHADES provides an aberration-free, high-throughput, low-cost spectrometer architecture suited for compact and scalable sensing applications.
Read the full abstract

All authors Qingze Guan, Zi Heng Lim, Xinchen Wan, Yixiu Shen, Guangya Zhou

Chaotic Dynamics

Empirical One-Step Conditional Entropy in Infinite Ergodic Systems: Vanishing Entropy Rate, Sparse-Transition Scaling, and Mittag-Leffler Fluctuations

Ken-ichi Okubo

Empirical entropy rates are widely used to quantify unpredictability from symbolic or time-series data, yet their interpretation is subtle in weakly chaotic dynamics, where ordinary Lyapunov exponents vanish and invariant measures are infinite. We address this issue by studying the empirical one-step conditional entropy for the fixed finite partitions considered below in one-dimensional intermittent maps with infinite invariant measures. For the modified Bernoulli map and the Boole transformation in the infinite-measure weak-chaos regime, we prove that this per-step empirical entropy converges to zero. Thus, the usual entropy-rate normalization becomes asymptotically blind to subexponential instability. The finite-time information sum, however, remains informative. Rare transitions between long laminar phases occur on the return-sequence scale, and their empirical self-information contributes an additional logarithmic factor. Under the stated regularity and moment assumptions, this mechanism yields a two-term estimate for the ensemble mean decay, supported by numerical simulations. Although the raw entropy rate vanishes, self-normalized fluctuations remain nontrivial and are numerically consistent with normalized Mittag-Leffler laws. A comparison with generalized Lyapunov sums shows that the corresponding information sum is not a Krengel entropy estimator, but a computable, partition-dependent finite-time measure of sparse symbolic transitions. These results clarify what empirical Markov entropy can, and cannot, measure in infinite-measure weak chaos.
Read the full abstract

Optics

Broadband Chromatic Dispersion of Thermo-refractive Coefficients and its Impact in Silicon Nitride Nonlinear Photonics

Shao-Chien Ou, Gregory Moille and Kartik Srinivasan

The thermo-refractive effect is a cornerstone of frequency and phase tuning in photonic integrated circuits. In particular, it enables control of phase-matching for integrated nonlinear processes. Chromatic dispersion of the group and effective refractive indices and modal confinement are standard considerations in design, but material thermo-refractive coefficients (TRCs) are typically taken to be fixed for the guiding and cladding materials. Here, we demonstrate that the assumption of non-dispersive TRCs across an octave of bandwidth between the telecom and visible results in a significant discrepancy between measured and simulated resonance frequencies of an integrated Si3N4/SiO2 microring resonator. We uncover a 7 % variation in Si3N4 and SiO2 material TRCs across this range, finding that the variation of dneff /dT from material TRCs is 1.3 times that from modal confinement. This accurately matches a temperature-dependent Lorentz oscillator model describing their chromatic dispersion. By integrating these dispersive TRCs into a multi-physics finite-element model, we achieve precise correspondence with experimentally measured temperature-dependent resonance frequency shifts across the octave, including in the context of second harmonic generation devices. Our results provide a physical framework and a universal predictive workflow for the design of high-efficiency, multi-wavelength nonlinear optical processes, fundamentally improving the thermal control of integrated photonic devices.
Read the full abstract

Astrophysics of Galaxies

Mapping Active Star-Formation in Serpens and the Aquila Rift

T.A. Rector, R.M.P. Kerr, L. Prato et al. (+4 more)

We report the results of a high-sensitivity survey for Herbig-Haro (HH) outflows in the Serpens-Aquila Rift using the DECam instrument on the 4-meter telescope. We have detected 88 new HH objects, more than tripling the total known in this region. We have also identified likely progenitors for most of these outflows. By combining HH object and progenitor locations with literature dust maps and Gaia astrometry, we find that HH objects mark five spatially distinct clouds hosting active star formation: the Serpens Molecular Cloud and LDN 673 at 400-500 pc, the more distant West and East components of the Aquila Rift at ~600 and 700 pc, respectively, and a near cloud in Serpens at ~250 pc. In both the Serpens Molecular Cloud and the Western Aquila Rift, HH objects broadly trace gas structures on the edges of low-density cavities surrounding known stellar populations, consistent with active star formation in feedback-driven shells. The near cloud in Serpens is not associated with any established stellar population, but its position and velocity suggest that it is part of the Local Bubble. And the HH objects there may mark the start of a new stellar generation connected to the Scutum North Association. Our Herbig-Haro objects therefore serve as a powerful indicator of star formation sites even in the absence of astrometrically characterized young stars, making them a useful tool for guiding future YSO surveys.
Read the full abstract

All authors T.A. Rector, R.M.P. Kerr, L. Prato, R.Y. Shuping, C. Bender, T.L. Esplin, S.E. Abhilash

Quantum Physics

Gauging the Spacetime Code

Gideon Lee

In recent years, the spacetime code has arisen as a candidate for a unifying view of fault tolerance in space and time. On the other hand, the recent study of dynamical phases has increasingly turned its attention to fault tolerance as a notion of a dynamically stable process. In this work, I explore one pathway between the two, achieved by gauging the spacetime code. This gives rise to a lattice gauge theory that inherits the elements of fault tolerance associated with a circuit, with Gauss laws corresponding to equivalence relations between configurations of spacetime errors and Wilson loops corresponding to detectors. The obtained gauge theory finds a surprisingly wide array of applications, from quantum error correction to condensed matter physics, and even learning theory: (1) It contains in its description foliated computation, and hence gives rise to one version of a gauge theory for measurement-based quantum computation. (2) For a class of topologically ordered mixed states, it gives us a gauge-theoretic language to describe the classical memory associated with the state. (3) The gauge-invariant observables of the theory which describe detectors also coincide with the learnable degrees of freedom of circuit Pauli noise.
Read the full abstract