Papers

We give a local newform theory for the metaplectic group of rank 1 over a non-archimedean local field of characteristic 0 with odd residual characteristic. It was suggested by some results of Kohnen and Ueda on the classical theory of modular forms of half-integral weight.

We study the Marshall quotient \[ M(n)=M(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z) \] obtained from the ring of integers modulo $n$ by quotienting by the square classes of non-zero-divisors. Using elementary arithmetic of square classes modulo prime powers and the Chinese Remainder Theorem, we give an explicit description of these quotients and classify several of their structural properties. We determine when the quotient relation is arithmetically elementary, when $M(n)$ is hyperbolic, when it can be real reduced, and when it can be formally real. We also analyze the subset of invertible classes together with zero, proving exactly when it is a submultiring, when it is a hyperfield, and when it is hyperbolic. The results provide a finite family of test examples for questions connecting multirings, special hyperfields, real semigroups, and abstract quadratic-form theory.

For every Gorenstein cubic $\mathbb Z$-order, we prove an identity equating Yun's zeta function, defined by counting finite-index submodules of the trace dual, with the explicit overorder zeta function introduced in our previous work on Beyond Endoscopy for $\mathrm{GL}_3$. This is posed as Conjecture A in an early draft of Deng-Espinosa and Lee subsequently proved the functional equation of the overorder zeta function, making the Deng–Espinosa isolation of the trivial representation fully unconditional. His argument computes the local factors explicitly. Our proof is independent of Lee's and does not evaluate the individual cubic overorder factors: it matches natural decompositions of the two sides and concludes by induction. As an application, we give a short, uniform evaluation of the local $\mathrm{GL}_3 $ Kloosterman Dirichlet series in the Poisson-summation argument of Deng–Espinosa. The direct local analysis of the Kloosterman series occupies nearly ninety pages in Deng–Espinosa while our treatment here replaces its case-by-case enumeration with a short uniform proof.

Motivated by the classical Lagrange spectrum and the reciprocal formulation of the Lagrange spectrum in continued-fraction theory, we introduce a normalized approximation function $\mathcal{N}(\alpha)$ for approximation by multiple zeta-star values. At each depth, the approximation error is minimized over all admissible indices and normalized by the binary scale determined by their weights. The function $\mathcal{N}(\alpha)$ is then obtained by taking the limit inferior as the depth tends to infinity. Using the order structure of multiple zeta-star values, we establish the regularity and generic behavior of this function. We prove that the depthwise approximation functions are upper semicontinuous, that $\mathcal{N}$ is Borel measurable, and that its zero set is a dense $G_\delta$ subset of $(1,+\infty)$. We also derive a natural-prefix approximation estimate showing that a large next digit produces an exceptionally good normalized approximation. Combined with the author's metric resultson Diophantine approximation of multiple zeta-star values, this gives a full-measure theorem under a logarithmically reinforced divergence condition and, in particular, proves that $\mathcal{N}(\alpha)=0$ for Lebesgue almost every $\alpha>1$. Finally, we give some basic properties of the image of the normalized approximation function and show that the image $\mathrm{Im}(\mathcal{N})$ is dense on the extended half-line $[0,+\infty]$.

We introduce MCSI, a two message key exchange we design over the CSIDH class group action, in which each party sends its ephemeral public element under an authenticated encryption keyed by the value the two static keys determine. The design gives implicit mutual authentication, hides the ephemeral element from an eavesdropper, and lets a recipient discard an unauthenticated message after one tag check rather than after an evaluation of the group action, which is four orders of magnitude more expensive. On the analytic side, we prove that our protocol is correct with zero error, and prove three statements in the random oracle model, all reducing to the strong parallelisation problem: indistinguishability of the session key against a passive adversary, confidentiality of the blinded ephemeral element, and integrity of the blinded transport. None uses the decisional group action assumption, which is false for class group actions of non-prime discriminant. We also show that a blinding key cannot come from the session secret it is meant to establish. To instantiate the design we select parameters and show that a prime chosen for elliptic curve discrete logarithms is unusable: for $p = 2^{521}-1$, the NIST P-521 prime, the action admits no efficiently evaluable generator. On the practical side, we build and test the design. We implement the protocol twice, in C and independently in Python, cross check the two, and measure what a session costs in field operations, time and memory. We also audit our code for secret dependent control flow: the field arithmetic and the symmetric layer show none, while the group action leaks the key by construction, and two hundred timings separate two keys whose one-norms differ by five out of 370. Finally, we state what we do not prove, among them security under ephemeral key reveal, forward secrecy of the blinding, and constant time execution.

Determining the properties of a random polynomial has fuelled significant investigation over the past century. One driving force of this research is a 1936 paper of Van der Waerden. Fix $n \ge 3$ and let $E_n(B)$ be the number of monic, irreducible, non-$S_n$ polynomials $f = X^n + a_1 X^{n-1} + \cdots + a_n$ with $|a_j| \leq B$ for all $j$. A recent breakthrough of Bhargava bounds $E_n(B) \ll B^{n-1}$. This spectacularly resolves a conjecture of Van der Waerden, but leaves open its stronger form, namely that $E_n(B) = o(B^{n-1})$. Inspired by recent progress, we now prove this stronger form for all $n \ge 40$. Bhargava's result, together with work of Chow and Dietmann, essentially reduces the strong Van der Waerden conjecture to the claim that the number of polynomials $f$ with Galois group $A_n$ is $o(B^{n-1})$. We connect this claim to Chowla's conjecture, an area driving major mathematical progress. Indeed, we formulate a twisted function field version of Chowla's conjecture, and show how Van der Waerden's conjecture reduces to this conjecture for $n \ge 8$. Finally, we make significant progress towards this twisted Chowla conjecture, leading to our resolution of the strong form of Van der Waerden's conjecture for all $n \geq 40$.

The aim of this paper is to introduce pairing theory for partitions. We begin with two statistics on integer partitions, the pairing index and the pairing rank. The pairing index is equidistributed with the number of parts, while a joint refinement identifies its two constituents with the numbers of even and odd parts. We further introduce the pairing width and prove that pairing index and pairing width are jointly equidistributed with the number of parts and the largest part. The resulting finite Gaussian generating function has a cyclotomic factorization from which Kummer's famous carry theorem for binomial coefficients follows. We also prove a mod-$5$ congruence for the excess of unpaired parts congruent to $1$ modulo $4$ over those congruent to $3$ modulo $4$ in the partitions of $5n+4$. A signed specialization exhibits that the parity of the pairing rank is governed by self-conjugate partitions. Motivated by this, we go on to introduce a second, diagrammatic pairing: after the two wings of the Durfee square are folded together, the unpaired cells break into connected diagonal blocks. These blocks may be reflected independently, giving a Boolean decomposition of the set of partitions with a unique representative having all successive ranks nonnegative. We then relate our theory to overpartitions and Frobenius representations, obtaining as a corollary a geometric realization of overpartitions in terms of partitions whose principal hooks are all even. Finally, we study simply paired partitions of negative pairing rank, obtaining identities involving odd divisors and overpartitions, a parity theorem for pairing rank $-2$, and a Toeplitz determinant whose coefficientwise limit is an explicit infinite product related to MacMahon's product for plane partitions.

In this paper, we propose a method to study the Uniform Boundedness Conjecture and the Lang-Silverman Conjecture for abelian varieties $A$ defined over a global field $K$; the latter is a uniform lower bound on the heights of non-torsion rational points. Our method is inspired by Vojta's proof of the Mordell Conjecture (Faltings's Theorem). Over function fields of characteristic $0$, a recent breakthrough of Looper-Yap (arXiv:2603.23396) proves both conjectures with inexplicit bounds. In our paper, we give a new proof of both conjectures with explicit bounds, which also depend polynomially on the field $K$ unless $A/K$ admits a factor of good reduction everywhere. We also prove explicit bounds for elliptic curves over function fields of characteristic $p>0$. Over number fields, we prove both conjectures under a suitable high-dimensional Szpiro conjecture (weaker than Hindry's version, Conjecture 3.4 of https://webusers.imj-prg.fr/~marc.hindry/MW-size.pdf) that we propose.

We prove several results concerning the arithmetic nature of multiple zeta values related to Zlobin's 2006 note. Our proofs are based on Zagier's theorem and Lindemann's theorem.

A finite set $A$ in an additive abelian group is a More Sums Than Differences (MSTD) set if $|A+A| > |A-A|$. We prove that no MSTD set of size $5$ exists in an additive abelian group. Using a computer program inspired by Hegarty, we then obtain classifications of MSTD sets of sizes $6$, $7$, $8$, and $9$ in arbitrary fields. We also investigate the minimal cardinality of MSTD sets that are multiplicative subgroups of $\Z/p\Z$.

We attach sequences of matrix spectra to sequences of rational numbers and study them with numerical experiments. The initial segments of the spectrum sequences associated to each of several rational sequences appear to exhibit geometric regularities. Identities originating in the theory of symmetric functions express members of arithmetic sequences $\{h_n\}_{n \ge 0} \thinspace (h_0 = 1)$ as $h_n = |J_{h,n}|/n !$ for particular matrices $J_{h,n}$, where $|\cdot|$ is the determinant. In this setting we studied numerically sequences $\{a(n)\}_{n \ge 1}$ obtained from the Fourier expansions of cusp forms. Within the range of our observations, the sequences of spectra of certain "treated" matrices $\{J^{(c)}_{a,n}\}_{n=1,2,3,...}$ exhibit coherent behavior, meaning that the plots of the minimum moduli among the eigenvalues of the $J^{(c)}_{a,n}$ appear to oscillate or to form approximately straight lines of non-negative slope once $n$ is large enough.

Starting from the Riemann-Siegel decomposition of $\zeta(s)$ given in Siegel's 1932 paper, we introduce a change of variable, $t=I(T)$, that replaces Siegel's coupled pair "imaginary part $t$ / summation index $m$" with one real index $T$. We then split Siegel's single remainder integral $R$ into two exact pieces, $R_{1ps}$ and $R_{2ps}$, and prove that $R=R_{1ps}+R_{2ps}$, so that $\zeta=\Sigma_1+R_{1ps}+\Sigma_2+R_{2ps}$. Our central observation is that each of these remainders is nothing more than one additional, fractional partial summand appended to its Dirichlet sum: $\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^{m}n^{-s}+\hat{d}_1(m+1)^{-s}+\chi(s)\sum_{n=1}^{m}n^{s-1}+\hat{d}_2\chi(s)(m+1)^{s-1}$, with $\hat{d}_1,\hat{d}_2$ real numbers (always positive on the critical line), the fractions of those two summands that are used. As a corollary, when $\sigma=\frac{1}{2}$ one has $d_1=d_2$ (equivalently $\hat{d}_1=\hat{d}_2$); this fact is formally verified in Lean. Also, with this rescaling the remainder terms are nearly periodic in $T$ with period one, converging to a fixed waveform in the fractional part of $T$. This decomposition of Siegel's $R$ was discovered through experimental mathematics using a spiral visualization of the partial sums, described later in the paper. We also discuss a number of other observations, including what we call the yin yang curves, the zero counting function, and ovals of equal length leg loci.

Let $p(n)$ denote the least prime factor of $n$ and $L_C(x)=Cx^{1/2}(\log x)^2$ with $C>0$. The sum of $p(n)/n$ over composite $n$ lying in the short interval $[x,\,x+L_C(x)]$, a question raised by Erdős and Graham, is studied. (i) The constant $c=8$ in the mean asymptotic is estimated \[ S(x)=\sum_{{n<x,\ n\ \text{composite}}}\frac{p(n)}{n}=\frac{c\,x^{1/2}}{(\log x)^2}\Bigl(1+O\Bigl(\frac1{\log x}\Bigr)\Bigr) +O\Bigl(\frac{x^{1/3}}{\log x}\Bigr). \] (ii)For every fixed $C>0$, the window sums $\mu_C(x):=\sum_{x\le n\le x+L_C(x)}p(n)/n$ over composites have mean $4C$: $\frac{1}{X}\sum_{x\le X}\mu_C(x)=4C+O_C(1/\log X)$, and second moment $\frac{1}{X}\sum_{x\le X}(\mu_C(x)-4C)^2=O_C((\log X)^{-2})$. In particular $\mu_C(x)=4C+o(1)$ for almost all $x$. (iii)Under a weak Cramér-type hypothesis on primes in intervals of length $(\log y)^{2+o(1)}$, the estimate $\mu_C(x)=4C+O_C(1/\log x)$ holds uniformly in $x$, giving an affirmative answer to the Erdős–Graham question. Unconditionally, the uniform statement remains open; proving the uniform statement unconditionally would require resolving short-interval prime estimates at scale $(\log y)^2$.

Write P(N) for the assertion that every principal minor of the Fourier matrix of order N is nonzero. The square-free principal-minor conjecture was previously known for a few uniform small-multiplier families, including several families with two prime factors; broader higher-factor results were non-uniform, apart from isolated exact verifications. We prove a near-complete prime-multiplier theorem for the composite base 10: P(10p) holds for every prime p \notin {2,5,11}. The proof begins with the complete cyclotomic norm spectrum of the principal minors of the order-ten Fourier matrix. Its rational-prime support is {2,3,5,11,31}. Ordinary finite-characteristic lifting settles the norm-safe multipliers. A known small-multiplier theorem handles one norm-exceptional case; another is settled by retaining the prime-ideal chart in which each carrier degenerates. This yields a flag-selective lifting lemma and an active-rank norm budget. The chart analysis also isolates the limitation at the remaining square-free exception: active carriers can cover every local chart, so the first-order argument stops. We discuss this obstruction, the non-uniformity of fixed-base lifting, and the difficulties in passing to general square-free orders. All finite calculations are exact and have been independently confirmed.

For $n\geq 0$, Stirling-Ramanujan constants $S_n$ are the Ramanujan summation of the divergent series $\sum_{k\geq 1} k^n\log k$. These constants are exponential periods over the exponential base field $\mathbb{E}=\mathbb{Q}(t,e^{-t})$. We generalize this result to a broad class of General Stirling-Ramanujan constants. Given polynomials $P$ and $Q$, with $\Re Q(s)>0$ for $\Re s >0$, the constant $S(P,Q)$ is the Ramanujan summation of the series $\sum_{k\geq 1} P(k)\log Q(k)$. They are exponential periods over $\mathbb{K}_P((\omega)) (t,e^{-t}, (e^{-\omega t}))$ where $\mathbb{K}_P$ is the field of definition of $P$ and $(\omega)$ are the zeros of $Q$. These constants are related to the derivatives $\zeta'_H(-n,w)$ of Hurwitz zeta function at negative integers, which we prove are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E} \left ( w,e^{-wt}\right )$. They can be expressed using Bendersky Gamma functions $\hat \Gamma_n$ and the values $\log \hat \Gamma_n(w)$ for $\Re w >0$ are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E} \left ( w,e^{-wt}\right )$. The logarithms of the determinants of the Laplacian on spheres and lens spaces are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E}$. The values $\zeta(2n+1)/\pi^{2n}$ are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E}$. For a periodic function $\chi:\mathbb{Z}\to \mathbb{C}$, we extend Ramanujan summation to the twisted series $\sum_{k\geq 1} \chi(k) P(k)\log Q(k)$ and define General Twisted Stirling-Ramanujan constants $S_{\chi}(P,Q)$. We derive integral formulas proving that they are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E}(\chi )=\mathbb{Q}(\chi)(t,e^{-t})$. For $n\geq 0$, $L_\chi'(-n)$ and $L_\chi(n+1)/\pi^n$ are given in terms of these constants and are exponential periods over $\mathbb{E}(\chi )$.

We study the deterministic norm-query complexity of computational problems in finite-dimensional vector spaces over $\mathbb{Q}_p$ equipped with an arbitrary ultrametric norm. For orthogonalization, we prove that no uniform finite query bound depending only on the dimension exists: for every deterministic algorithm that produces an $N$-orthogonal basis for every ultrametric norm $N$, the number of norm queries is unbounded as $N$ varies. We then study the Longest Vector Problem (LVP) for a rank-$m$ $p$-adic lattice. By adapting a brute-force search to the general norm-query setting and eliminating the scalar redundancy among nonzero coefficient vectors modulo $p$, we obtain an algorithm using exactly $(p^m-1)/(p-1)$ norm queries for $m\ge 2$, and prove that no deterministic norm-query algorithm can use fewer queries in the worst case. Finally, we consider the Closest Vector Problem (CVP). Apart from the trivial cases in which no norm query is needed, we prove that the deterministic worst-case norm-query complexity of the CVP is unbounded, even when the lattice and the target vector are fixed.

We prove that if the exceptional set $E_p$ for the $p$-adic Littlewood conjecture is non-empty, then its logarithmic Hausdorff dimension is at least one. More precisely, whenever $E_p$ is non-empty, it has positive Hausdorff measure with respect to the gauge function $ h(r)=\frac{1}{\log(1/r)}. $ In particular, every non-empty $E_p$ has the cardinality of the continuum. We obtain stronger conclusions for the $t$-adic Littlewood conjecture over a finite field $\mathbb F_q$. For every prime power $q$, non-emptiness of the exceptional set $E_q^{(t)}$ implies that its $1/\log(1/r)$-Hausdorff measure is infinite. Moreover, when $q$ is odd, we refine the recent construction of Lai and Sprang~\cite{LaiSprang2026} and prove that \[ \mathcal H^{h_{A_q}}(E_q^{(t)})=\infty, \] where \[ h_{A_q}(r)=\frac{1}{(\log(1/r))^{A_q}}, \qquad A_q=\frac{q-1}{2}\log_2(q-1). \] In characteristic two, the corresponding conclusion with exponent one remains conditional on the existence of a counterexample.

We show that for every uniform family of affine algebraic sets, there is a formula in the parameters of the family and in $n$, expressing the cardinality of the set in the ring $\mathbb Z/n \mathbb Z$. In particular, we construct such a formula for the elliptic curves in Weierstrass normal form. These formulas are arithmetic terms: fixed finite compositions of additions, multiplications, subtractions, divisions with remainder and integer exponentiations.

We provide a criterion for determining when elements of the Bernstein center of a totally disconnected locally compact group are admissible invariant distributions in the sense of Harish-Chandra \cite{HC99}. As a consequence, we deduce the local integrability results for elements of bounded depth or Bernstein supports in the Bernstein centers of reductive $p$-adic groups. Our methods apply uniformly to both complex and mod-$\ell$ coefficients, generalizing results of Moy and Tadić \cite{MT02} in the complex case.

For a positive integer $n$, write $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$. A strictly increasing sequence of integers $x_1<\cdots<x_k$ is an ascending wave if its consecutive differences are nondecreasing. Let $g(n)$ be the largest integer $k$ such that every set $A\subseteq[n]$ with $|A|\ge n/2$ contains an ascending wave of length $k$. Alon and Spencer proved that \[ c_1\frac{(\log n)^2}{\log\log n}\le g(n)\le c_2(\log n)^2 \] for all sufficiently large $n$, and they conjectured that the factor $\log\log n$ in the lower bound can be removed. In this paper, we confirm their conjecture.

Given a real-valued function $f$, let $\mathcal{N}_f(\delta, Q)$ be the number of rational points with denominators at most $Q\ge 1$ in the $(\delta/Q)$-tubular neighbourhood of the graph of the function $f$. A heuristic predicts that the number of such points grows like the area of the neighbourhood provided that $\delta$ is big enough (in a suitable sense). Considerable efforts have been committed to prove this heuristic for regular curves. This culminated in the works by Vaughan & Velani~(2006) and by Huang~(2015) establishing an asymptotic expansion for $\mathcal{N}_f(\delta, Q)$ provided that $\delta\gg Q^{-1+\epsilon}$ for some $\epsilon>0$ when the map $f$ is, among other assumptions, twice continuously differentiable. The present work deals with the thus-far unexplored regime where minimal regularity conditions are imposed on the curve. More precisely, it is concerned with the case where the map $f$ is an a.s. realisation of the graph of Brownian motion. The main result establishes the existence of an almost sure asymptotic expansion for the counting function for all values of $\delta$, with the exception of a critical regime, thereby going well beyond the theory currently available for regular curves. A key ingredient in the proof is the derivation of the area heuristic, which relies on establishing the a.s. asymptotics of the area of the tubular neighbourhood of the graph of Brownian motion. This result has two main consequences: firstly, it completes the counting aspect of the theory of Diophantine approximation on the graph of Brownian motion initiated by Sprindžuk (1979). Secondly, it hints at the existence of a theory unifying the analysis of rational points near a curve on the one hand and, on the other, its local Hölder regularity and fine-scale oscillations. It thus builds a seemingly new bridge between Number Theory and Multifractal Analysis.

A well-known conjecture of Artin states that if $a$ is an integer not equal to $0, \pm 1$ or a perfect square, then there exist infinitely many primes $p$ such that $a$ is a primitive root $(\text{ mod } p)$. In this article, we study a generalization of the classical (abelian) large sieve inequality in non-abelian settings. Assuming the non-abelian large sieve inequality, we provide a proof of Artin's primitive root conjecture. Further, using duality techniques, we derive unconditional results towards the conjectured non-abelian large sieve inequality.

Building on earlier work of Katsura and Rybakov, we complete the classification, in every characteristic, of all groups $G$ acting on an abelian surface $A$ by automorphisms preserving the group law such that the resolution of the quotient $A/G$ is a K3 surface. In order to do so, we study actions of groups with $p\mid|G|$ in characteristics $p=2,3$ and $5$. Using the theory of rational double points in positive characteristic, we show that the possible ADE singularity types of $A/G$ are constrained by the requirement that their local fundamental group contains $G$ as a subgroup, and we determine the singular locus of $A/G$ via the action of $G$ on the $\ell$-adic Tate module of $A$. As a key step in the classification, we prove that if $A$ is a supersingular abelian surface and $p\mid|G|$, then $A/G$ can never be a generalised Kummer surface. Finally, we construct explicit examples of such generalised Kummer surfaces as quotients of products of two elliptic curves.

Let $f$ be a Steinhaus or Rademacher random multiplicative function. We use methods from the theory of critical chaos to improve on the best known upper bound for partial sums of random multiplicative functions. In particular, our results imply that for any $\varepsilon>0$, almost surely $$ \Big|\sum_{n\le x}f(n)\Big| \ll_{\varepsilon}\sqrt{x}(\log_2x)^{1/4}(\log_3x)^{1+\varepsilon}. $$ This proves in a strong form a conjecture of Harper on large fluctuations of partial sums of random multiplicative functions, and determines the exact corresponding logarithmic exponent.

We prove new bounds on complete sums of products of k additively shifted Kloosterman sums to odd high prime power moduli q=p^n, which feature substantially stronger power savings (about q^(-1/ceil(k/2)) in generic configurations) and a novel quantification of the alignment among the shifts. We prove our bounds by developing a method to estimate complete exponential sums with a broad class of phases well-controlled by a specified number of initial terms in a property reflecting p-adic differentiability.

Anabelian geometry as an attempt to describe geometry in terms of étale topological data has addressed so far mainly categories of varieties over a field. In this paper we work over a normal base scheme $S$ of finite type over a sub-$p$-adic field and show that families of hyperbolic curves over $S$ are anabelian among smooth $S$-schemes with respect to dominant morphisms.

The factorizations over $\mathbb{F}_p$ of two supersingular polynomials $h_p(x)$ and $g_p(x)$ for genus $2$ curves, discussed by Ibukiyama, Katsura and Oort in their 1986 paper, are investigated. These polynomials are congruent modulo $p$ to the Jacobi polynomials $P_n^{(\alpha,0)}(1-2x)$, for $\alpha = \pm 1/4, \pm 1/6$, respectively. The number of their linear factors (mod $p$) is determined in terms of class numbers of the imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-dp})$, where $d \in \{1,2,3\}$. The proofs use a quadratic transformation relating these polynomials to the Legendre polynomials $P_n(x)$; previous results on linear and binomial quadratic factors of $P_{(p-e)/4}(x)$ and $P_{(p-\bar e)/3}(x)$ proved by Brillhart and Morton; and properties of the irreducible quadratic factors of the class equations $H_{-3p}(X)$ and $H_{-12p}(X)$ (mod $p$). The quadratic transformation and linear factor results for $h_p(x) \equiv P_n^{(\pm1/4,0)}(1-2x)$ were first discovered using artificial intelligence.

We construct, over every formally real field, a singular pair of quadratic forms in dimension seven whose adjoint closure equals its pencil and consists entirely of hyperbolic forms in First's sense, although the pair is not weakly hyperbolic. This disproves First's conjecture that his local–global criterion for nonsingular pairs extends to singular pairs. The example has minimal dimension over formally real number fields and real closed fields. The construction uses an explicit closure formula: adjoining a symmetric singular Kronecker block of positive minimal index to a pair with a nondegenerate first member forces the adjoint closure of the sum to equal its pencil. We determine the corresponding closure formulas for Kronecker decompositions and compute the adjoint algebra, its Jacobson radical, and the involution-trace form of the seven-dimensional example.

Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$. Within Berthelot's theory of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules, we construct a $p$-adic formalism of Grothendieck's six operations for quasi-projective schemes over the basis $\mathrm{Spec}\, k[[t]]$.

One of the first infinite families of Thue equations, $$F_n(X)=X^3 - (n-1) X^2Y - (n+2)XY^2 - Y^3 = \pm 1$$ for $n\in \mathbb{Z}$, was solved by Thomas in 1990. This family is associated to the simplest cubic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\lambda)$ of Shanks, where $\lambda$ is a root of $F_n(X,1)$. Levesque and Waldschmidt twisted the Thue equations by an exponent $t$ and looked at the equation $$N_{\mathbb{Q}(\lambda)/\mathbb{Q}}(X-\lambda^t Y)=\pm 1,$$ where $t\in \mathbb{Z}$ with $t\neq 0$. In this paper, we find all solutions $(X,Y,n,t)\in \mathbb{Z}^4$ with $n,t\in\mathbb{Z}$ and $t\neq 0$ to this family of twisted Thue equations, thereby answering a question of Levesque and Waldschmidt.