Papers

We prove the Second Main Theorem with truncation level one for holomorphic maps with Zariski-dense image intersecting a reduced effective Cartier divisor: Let $A$ be a semi-abelian variety with an equivariant compactification $A\subset\overline A$, and let $f:\mathbb C^p\to A$ be a holomorphic map with Zariski-dense image. Let $D$ be a reduced effective divisor on $A$ extending to a divisor $\overline D$ on $\overline A$. After possibly replacing $\overline A$ by another equivariant compactification depending only on $D$ and independent of $f$, for every $\varepsilon>0$, \[T_f(r,\overline D)\leq_{\mathrm{exc}}N_f^{[1]}(r,D)+\varepsilon T_f(r,\overline D).\]

Let $p$ be a prime. We provide examples which show that étale endomorphisms of affine planes over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$ can have fibers of arbitrary finite cardinal. Let $(l,m)\in\mathbb N\times\mathbb N^{\ast}$. We provide examples of such étale endomorphisms whose images have complements of cardinality $l$ and whose geometric degrees are $pm$. Several conjectures are disproved, and in particular we provide an analog over $k$ of Kulikov's counterexample to the `Generalized Jacobian Conjecture' of Bass for surfaces. Surjective (resp.\ surjective and non-surjective) counterexamples to Adjamagbo's Jacobian Conjecture over each $k$ are included in dimension $2$ (resp.\ in all dimensions at least $3$); for instance, if $p=2$, then we show for each $m$ there exist surjective étale endomorphisms of the affine spaces over $k$ of dimension at least $3$ of geometric degree $m$. If $e:X\rightarrow X$ is an endomorphism of a variety over an algebraically closed field $K$, then we show that there exists $n\in\mathbb N$ such that $\Imm(e^n)=\Imm(e^{n+1})$ provided either (i) $e$ is quasi-finite or (ii) $\dim(X)\le 2$ and $X\setminus\Imm(e)$ is finite. We provide examples of endomorphisms of affine planes of dimensions at least $3$ over $K$ whose images have complements of cardinality $l$ and for all $n\in\mathbb N$ we have $\Imm(e^n)\neq\Imm(e^{n+1})$. We prove that all affine moduli schemes of étale endomorphisms of affine spaces with Jacobian matrices of determinant 1 over $K$ are connected and classify all those that are smooth. We prove that the Jacobian Conjecture over $\mathbb C$ and Adjamagbo's analog of it over $k$ hold for étale endomorphisms of affine spaces that are composites $g\circ f$, where $f$ is quasi-finite and a locally closed embedding in codimension $1$ outside a specific finite subset and $g$ is a projection that omits one coordinate.

A variety $X$ over a suitable base $Z$ gives rise to a highly structured algebra $C^*(X)$ in motives over $Z$. In turn, a $Z$-point gives rise to an augmentation $C^*(X) \to 1$. This assignment $X(Z) \to Aug(C^*(X))$ factors the so-called “unipotent Kummer map” to torsors under the unipotent fundamental group in realizations. In one direction, this suggests the possibility of “performing” Chabauty-Kim theory motivically without waiting for a motivic t-structure. In a different (largely independent) direction, we may hope to extract arithmetic information for use in bounding sets of integral points from the full rational homotopy type going beyond $\pi_1$. In both directions, the coarse space for motivic augmentations $Aug(C^*(X))$ would benefit from a structure of finite type $\mathbb{Q}$-variety, and similarly, the coarse space $Aug(C^*_{F\phi}(X))$ of augmentations in filtered $\phi$ modules would benefit from a structure of finite type $\mathbb{Q}_p$-variety. We establish two criteria for representability, compute these spaces in several examples, and construct a comparison with Selmer varieties. Finally, we demonstrate how these constructions lead to K-theoretic finiteness criteria in an example.

The group of polynomial automorphisms of the affine n-space is an interesting large group. A slightly simpler group is its subgroup of tame automorphisms. Natural problems about these groups include the existence of normal subgroups, the classification of finite subgroups, the Tits alternative, and the possible dynamical degrees of their elements. One method to investigate these questions is via some actions on some metric spaces, namely the coset complex and the valuation complex, that we introduce in detail. This paper is a survey focusing on the following three cases: dimension 2, dimension 3, and dimension 4 for tame automomorphism preserving a nondegenerate quadratic form.

For $2 \times 2$ matrices $A_1,\dots,A_k$, write $[A_1,\dots,A_k]$ for the left-normed iterated commutator $[\dots[[A_1,A_2],A_3],\dots,A_k]$, and $I_k$ for the ideal, in the $3k$-variable reduced-coordinate polynomial ring $R_k$, cutting out its vanishing locus. We prove, for every $k \geq 2$ over any field of characteristic $\neq 2$, and as four independently-established results rather than one bundled claim: $I_k$ has codimension 2; $I_k$ has exactly 3 minimal generators; $R_k / I_k$ is Cohen-Macaulay; and $I_k$ is radical. The last of these, together with an explicit component count resting on a non-containment argument, assembles into the Primary Decomposition Theorem: $I_k = P_2 \cap \cdots \cap P_k$ is an irredundant primary decomposition into exactly $k-1$ primes, following an explicit recursive block-involvement pattern. The proof identifies $I_k$ as the ideal of $2 \times 2$ minors of an explicit $2 \times 3$ matrix (a determinantal ideal, not merely one that looks determinantal), and invokes classical determinantal-ideal theory (Bruns-Vetter) and an explicit rank-2 Jacobian witness on every component (Serre's criterion) for the algebraic and radicality halves respectively.

This paper proves a generalisation of Coleman's isomorphism (between norm compatible cyclotomic units and a group of invertible power series) to various cohomology theories evaluated on proper regular $p$-adic formal schemes, for future applications to Iwasawa theory. This generalisation is an immediate consequence of a description, as a cyclotomic synthetic spectrum, of the limit over transfer maps as one goes up the cyclotomic tower of motivically filtered $\mathrm{THH}$. This crucially uses a calculation of $\mathrm{THH}(\mathbb{Z}_p[\zeta_{p^n}])$ due to Devalapurkar–Raksit as well as a calculation of the free loop transfer due to Schlichtkrull. Along the way, we construct transfer maps for various cohomology theories along finite locally free regular maps, using some elements of $\mathbb{P}^1$-stable motivic homotopy theory.

In this paper, we relate multiplicities of Bernstein–Sato-type polynomials with respect to a holomorphic function f to several singularity invariants. First, we introduce certain “mod” b-functions and show that they characterize the weight filtration on the localization of a simple regular holonomic D-module along f, and we provide an algorithm to compute them. Second, we show that they can be approximated by the multiplicities of roots of power b-functions (the b-functions with respect to powers of f). Further, we give a sharp upper bound for the Hodge level of elements given by a certain sum of such multiplicities. Next, we give an effective asymptotic solution to the Gelfand problem by determining an explicit threshold after which every integer shift of a root of b_f(s) is a pole of the Archimedean zeta function of f. We also show that the order of these poles is equal to the nilpotency index of the logarithmic monodromy operator, which we further express as the limit of the multiplicities of roots of power b-functions. We define several filtrations, relating them to the weight and Hodge filtrations, based upon which we leave some open questions that we address in the affirmative in the case when f has a homogeneous isolated singularity, or it is a hyperplane arrangement, or it is a semi-invariant on a spherical variety. We give several immediate applications to our results, including a positive answer to a question of Torelli assuming the hypersurface has log canonical singularities: 1/f lies in the intersection complex of the hypersurface of f if and only if -1 is a simple root of b_f(s).

We show that the derived categories of smooth families of twisted generalized flag varieties admit semiorthogonal decompositions into derived categories of twisted sheaves over the base. In particular, we obtain a categorification of Panin's computation of the Quillen K-theory of twisted flag varieties. The main ingredient is a generalization of the Samokhin-van der Kallen semiorthogonal decomposition for representation categories of parabolic subgroups from split simply connected semisimple groups to arbitrary quasi-split semisimple groups, including non-simply connected cases.

In this paper, we prove that if $E$ is a pseudo-effective sheaf with vanishing first Chern class on a klt compact Kähler space $X$, then, after passing to a finite quasi-étale cover, the reflexive pullback of $E$ is locally free and flat. This extends the flatness criterion of Höring–Peternell, originally established for projective varieties, to the Kähler setting. The proof relies on two main ingredients, both of which are new even in the projective case. The first is a flatness theorem for stable sheaves: we show that a slope-stable pseudo-effective sheaf with vanishing first Chern class is Hermitian flat. This is obtained by combining Hermitian–Einstein theory with the subharmonicity properties of direct image sheaves. The second is a singular Kähler analogue of Simpson's flatness theorem for extensions of locally free Hermitian flat sheaves.

We study constructible $\mathbb{Z}[\tfrac{1}{p}]$-linear étale motives on parahoric Hecke stacks associated with quasi-split tamely ramified reductive groups. We prove a canonical equivalence between their equal-characteristic and Witt-vector incarnations that is monoidal with respect to convolution. This extends Bando's comparison, which concerns split reductive groups and constructible étale sheaves. The proof combines the study of a family of affine Grassmannians for Pappas–Zhu group schemes with the use of the motivic nearby cycles functor.

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra, and $\overline{Z}$ a nilpotent orbit closure in the projectivization $\mathbb{P}(\mathfrak{g})$. We investigate the space of tangent directions of lines on $\overline{Z}$ passing through a general point $z$, denoted by $F(\overline{Z},\,z)$. We first prove that every irreducible component of $F(\overline{Z},\,z)$ is an integral subvariety of the contact hyperplane in the projectivized tangent space. Next, we study Legendrian components of $F(\overline{Z},\,z)$ in two cases: the case where $\overline{Z}$ admits a Springer resolution; the case where $\overline{Z}$ is square-zero in a projectivized simple Lie algebra of classical type. As an application, two corollaries are presented: a characterization of Richardson orbits among square-zero orbits in terms of $F(\overline{Z},\,z)$; a description of $F(\overline{Z},\,z)$ for $\overline{Z}$ arising from stratified Mukai flops associated to irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces.

We study the deformation stability of Kähler and balanced hyperbolicity. We prove that Kähler hyperbolicity is open under arbitrary small holomorphic deformations, but need not be closed, even in families of smooth projective surfaces. By contrast, balanced hyperbolicity is not open in general: in every complex dimension at least five, we construct a balanced hyperbolic central fibre with non-balanced nearby fibres. We establish criteria for the deformation stability of balanced hyperbolicity using Aeppli cohomology and Lefschetz theory. For principal holomorphic torus bundles over products of curves of genus at least two, we compute the relevant hyperbolic cohomology, obtain a numerical characterization of balanced hyperbolicity, and prove its openness under small deformations.

Let $X$ carry a transversely holomorphic foliation, equivalently an elliptic involutive structure $V\subset T_{\mathbb C}X$, and let ${\mathcal O}_V$ be its sheaf of leafwise-constant, transversely holomorphic functions. We construct a finite superconnection model for the derived category of coherent ${\mathcal O}_V$-modules. The key input is a mixed local reduction for finite Maurer–Cartan objects over the mixed de Rham–Dolbeault dga $(\wedge^\bullet V^\vee,d_V)$: a multiplicative homotopy contracts the real directions, after which Block's Dolbeault gauge theorem removes the positive transverse form degrees. For compact $X$, this gives an exact equivalence between the homotopy category of bounded finite-rank flat $V$-superconnections and $D^b_{\mathrm{coh}}(X,{\mathcal O}_V)$, interpolating between the de Rham and Dolbeault realizations. We prove locally finite Čech descent under necessary uniform amplitude and rank bounds, identify the coherent heart with equivariant coherent analytic sheaves on a transverse monodromy groupoid, and characterize descent to ordinary holonomy. For a holomorphic suspension, we identify the full superconnection category, up to Morita equivalence, with the homotopy fixed points of the Dolbeault category of the transversal and derive an equivariant Ext spectral sequence. Examples on $S^1$ and $S^2$ delimit when ordinary monodromy $1$-groupoids can recover the derived category.

Let $f: X\rightarrow S$ be a faithful affine map. In this article we construct a group homomorphism $\theta_{{fppf}}: \text{Br}(f) \longrightarrow H^1_{{fppf}}\!\left(S, (f_*\mathcal{O}_X^\times / \mathcal{O}_S^\times)_{{fppf}}\right)$, extending the formerly defined morphism over an étale site $\theta_{et}$. In doing so, we eliminate the characteristic constraint previously found in the relative version of Kummer's exact sequence. Furthermore, given a finite subintegral extension of noetherian rings $A \hookrightarrow B$, we show that all the $fppf$ cohomology groups, $H^i_{fppf}(Spec(A),\mu^f_n); \;\forall i\geq 0$ vanish whenever $n$ does not divide the characteristic of $A$.

Using the language of q-opers, we propose an algebro-geometric description of the duality between Bethe Ansatz equations for quantum XXZ spin chains and many-body trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider/Macdonald systems for classical groups. Upon this duality, the energy level sets of the classical B/C/D-type Hamiltonians are found to be in bijection with the set of solutions of the XXZ Bethe Ansatz equations of type A, albeit with open boundary conditions. This dictionary generalizes previous results in which a GL(N) XXZ spin chain with twisted periodic boundary conditions was dual to an N-body Ruijsenaars-Schneider system. Our construction implements a $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ folding both at the level of the (GL(N),q)-oper data as well as at the level of the N-body trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. The nonreduced BC-type systems appear in our analysis as well.

Let $G=\operatorname{Gr}(k,V)$ be a complex Grassmannian in its Pl$\"u$cker embedding, and let $Y_E$ be a general codimension-$r$ linear section. We study the open Hilbert scheme $R_2(Y_E)$ of smooth conics using the kernel and span of a conic. These define a flag variety $B=\operatorname{Fl}(k-2,k+2;V)$ and a relative Grassmannian of three-planes in a rank-six bundle. For $0\le r\le3$, we prove that $R_2(Y_E)$ is nonempty, smooth, irreducible and rational of dimension $e=2\dim V+k(\dim V-k)-3-3r$, with birational model $B\times\operatorname{Gr}(3,6-r)$. For $r\ge4$, a general-position argument gives a componentwise birational correspondence with a rank-three degeneracy locus and two smooth projective incidence resolutions. Every component meets the locus of smooth minimal-envelope conics; no additional density assumption is needed for general $E$. If $0\le e\le r$, the degeneracy locus itself is smooth. In dimension zero we obtain a top Chern class formula, recovering the known counts $1225$ and $1176$ by exact localization.

Let $G/P$ be a complex projective rational homogeneous variety of dimension $2m+1$. We prove that $G/P$ is an equivariant compactification of the Heisenberg group of dimension $2m+1$ if and only if it is isomorphic to either an adjoint variety, or the 3-dimensional smooth quadric $Q^3$, or a product $\mathbb{P}^{2m+1-d} \times Y$ with $1 \leq d=\dim Y \leq m$, where $Y$ is a product of cominuscule varieties.

Let $G=\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf C)$ and let $P\subset G$ be a standard parabolic subgroup with Levi factor $L$. For a $G$-dominant weight $\lambda$, consider the vector bundle on $T^*(G/P)$ obtained by pulling back the vector bundle on $G/P$ associated to the irreducible $L$-module $V_L(\lambda)^*$. We express its cohomology as a direct limit of the cohomology of certain line bundles on a Bott–Samelson variety associated to an affine Kac-Moody group. This comparison yields vanishing of higher cohomology and shows that the global sections are generated over $\mathbf C[\mathfrak g^*]$ by their degree-zero part $V_G(\lambda)^*$. Using these results together with the Braverman–Kazhdan intertwiners constructed in earlier joint work with A. Slipper, we give an explicit generating set for $\mathbf C[T^*(\mathrm{SL}_n/[P,P])]$. Finally, in an appendix joint with Tom Gannon, we combine these results to show the affinization $\mathrm{Spec}(\mathbf{C}[T^*(SL_n/[P,P])])$ has terminal singularities.

We classify weighted small-step lattice walks in the quadrant whose associated birational group is finite. Using an algebro-geometric description of the kernel curves and Cayley-type finite-order conditions, we relate the group $G_W$ of a walk to the family of groups $\Gamma_t$ acting on its kernel curves. Together with the uniform upper bound on the order of $G_W$, this allows us to analyse all possible finite orders. We obtain explicit necessary and sufficient conditions for the group to have order 4, 6, 8, or 10, and prove that no weighted walk in the quadrant has a group of order 12. This yields a complete classification of weighted quadrant walks with finite groups.

We develop a geometric theory of congruence spectra for semirings. We define the congruence spectrum for a semiring as the set of prime congruences on it, equip it with the Zariski topology, and construct a structure sheaf. For a class of semirings including $\boldsymbol{B}$-algebras, we establish quasi-compactness of their congruence spectra. We then prove reconstruction results for congruence spectra of quotients $K/\boldsymbol{E}(V)$, where $V$ is a subset of Euclidean space, $K$ is a tropical Laurent polynomial semiring, a tropical Laurent polynomial function semiring, or a tropical rational function semifield, and $\boldsymbol{E}(V)$ is the congruence of pairs of elements of $K$ that agree on $V$. The global sections of the structure sheaf recover $K/\boldsymbol{E}(V)$, and the corresponding algebraic and geometric categories are contravariantly equivalent. For finite unions of $\boldsymbol{R}$-rational polyhedral sets $V$, we completely classify the prime congruences on $K / \boldsymbol{E}(V)$. As an application, we study rational function semifields of tropical curves with parallel rays. We show that their congruence spectra recover the underlying curves together with the parallelism of rays and their intrinsic metrics.

The integral Chow motive of an Enriques surface $S$ is determined by a torsion summand $\mathfrak{t}(S)$, which contributes the torsion in the cohomology of $S$. We study isomorphisms between and endomorphisms of motives of the form $\mathfrak{t}(S)$. This is closely related to the integral Hodge conjecture for products of two Enriques surfaces.

We study two notions of positivity for smooth currents on singular spaces. We show that they are not equivalent by establishing a necessary condition on the fourth Whitney cones. We also construct an explicit compact normal projective variety $X$ and a real smooth $(1,1)$-form $T$ on $X$ such that $T$ has local smooth ddc-potentials and is a Kähler current, but $T$ is not a positive form (hence not Hermitian).

Let \(S\) be a smooth projective complex surface with irregularity \(q=h^{1,0}(S)\) and geometric genus \(g=h^{2,0}(S)\), and let \(S^{[n]}\) denote its Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points. We prove that, for every \(n\ge0\), the sequence \[ \left(h^{p,0}\bigl(S^{[n]}\bigr)\right)_{p=0}^{2n} \] is log-concave if and only if \(g\le\binom{q+1}{2}\). Moreover, log-concavity of all these sequences is already equivalent to log-concavity of the sequence for \(n=2\). We also prove that these sequences are unimodal for every \(n\ge0\) if and only if \(q\ge1\) or \(g=0\), and that this condition is already detected by the sequence for \(n=1\).

We prove that generically on the basic stratum of split unitary Shimura varieties, the universal abelian variety with endomorphism structure and polarization has minimal automorphism group in a precise sense, except for a few degenerate cases. This is a direct analogue of Oort's conjecture on automorphisms of supersingular abelian varieties. On the way, we explicitly compute the generic automorphism group of the universal $p$-divisible group in a given basic isogeny class.

We prove a necessary condition conjecture ([27, Conjecture B]) for the maximal singularity of the Hilbert scheme of points in 3D for a large class of degrees, which in particular implies the 1978 Briançon-Iarrobino Conjecture for a tetrahedral degree, and vastly generalises the result in [19]. The novelty lies in introducing a new upper bound on the dimensions of the tangent spaces of the claimed non-maximally singular ideals, constructing canonical ideals that satisfy the claimed maximal singularity condition, providing a lower bound on the dimension of their tangent spaces, and finally comparing the two cases.

This paper gives a partial answer to a question of Dan Abramovich: consider a proper morphism $f : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Z}$ with connected fibers, between smooth separated Deligne–Mumford stacks, which defines an isomorphism away from a smooth effective Cartier divisor $\mathcal{E} \subseteq \mathcal{X}$. Then, is $f$ a weighted blowup? We confirm that $f$ is an ordinary smooth blowup when $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Z}$ are smooth separated schemes of finite type over $\mathbb{C}$, and when $f :\mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Z}$ is a representable morphism of smooth separated Deligne–Mumford stacks. Further, we show that $f$ is a weighted blowup when $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Z}$ are smooth separated Deligne–Mumford surfaces, i.e., $\dim \mathcal{X} = \dim \mathcal{Z} = 2$. As an application we determine when a reduction morphism between Hassett moduli stacks of weighted stable curves is given by a blowup along a smooth center.

Let $I\subseteq\mathbb C[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be an ideal generated by homogeneous polynomials of a common degree $d$. We give a polynomial partial differential equation criterion guaranteeing that $-n/d$ is a root of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial $b_I(s)$. We apply this criterion to the ideal of maximal minors of a generic $m\times n$ matrix and obtain the distinguished root $-n$; combined with local divisibility along determinantal strata, this allows us to obtain the strong monodromy conjecture in the maximal-minor case. Finally, we prove that the criterion is stable under enlarging the linear span of the generators, adjoining generators in disjoint variables, products satisfying the natural slope condition, and Thom-Sebastiani sums. These stability results provide new classes of homogeneous ideals and polynomials for which the distinguished Bernstein-Sato root can be detected. Keywords. Bernstein-Sato polynomial, monodromy conjecture.

We prove that the set of bounded ratios $\BR(X)$ on a semialgebraic set $X\subset\R^n_{>0}$ is the convex cone of linear forms that are nonnegative on the tropicalization $\trop(X)$. In particular, it is a rational polyhedral convex cone. For $X$ the set of Lorentzian polynomials with fixed M-convex support, it is the dual to the set of M-convex functions. We record an explicit counterexample to a conjecture of Huang–Huh–Soskin–Wang on the bounded ratios on Lorentzian polynomials. The bounded ratio in the counterexample corresponds to the non-hypermetric clique-web facet $\mathrm{CW}^1_7(1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1)$ of the cut cone on seven vertices.

Let a group $G$ act linearly on a finite-dimensional complex vector space $V$. The group-additive diameter of a subspace $U \leq V$ is the least number of translates of $U$ whose sum is all of $V$. Counting dimensions, it is at least $\dim V / \dim U$. We show that when $G$ is compact and $V$ is irreducible, the diameter of every nonzero subspace is at most $\lceil (\dim V / \dim U) \ln \dim V \rceil$, so the trivial bound is correct up to a logarithmic factor. We measure the discrepancy by the covering complexity $\mathsf{C}(V)$, the largest ratio between the diameter of any subspace and its trivial lower bound, so that $1 \leq \mathsf{C}(V) \leq 2 + \ln \dim V$, and we determine where in this range various representations lie. Every irreducible representation of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbf{C})$ has $\mathsf{C}(V) = 1$. The logarithm can be genuinely present along families of symmetric and exterior powers of $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ with $n$ varying, and it is present for finite Heisenberg groups and $2$-transitive groups of small order such as $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbf{F}_p)$. The complexity is bounded above by a constant on the conjugation representations of $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ and on the representations $\operatorname{Sym}^k \mathbf{C}^3$ of $\mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbf{C})$. On the other hand, every fixed connected reductive group has a family of irreducible representations whose complexities tend to at least the dimension of the flag variety. Finally, for the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_3(\mathbf{C})$ acting on $\operatorname{Sym}^k \mathbf{C}^3$, the monomial diameter with respect to $\operatorname{Sym}^k X$ for a plane $X \leq \mathbf{C}^3$ is optimal, while the corresponding $\mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbf{C})$ diameter is not.

We study the Bergman embeddings of degenerating families of Kähler-Einstein manifolds of negative curvature. We show that when the central fiber has only simple normal crossing singularities, we can construct orthonormal bases so that the induced Bergman embeddings converge to the Bergman embedding of the limit space together with multi-bubbles.