Papers

We establish improved locally Markovian properties of quantum Gibbs states at every fixed positive temperature. For finite-range interactions of bounded interaction degree, the conditional mutual information (CMI) decays exponentially with separation, with a prefactor exponential in the boundary size of only one of the two regions and independent of the size of the other region and the total system. This improves the exponential volume dependence of the local Markov bounds established by Chen and Rouzé \cite{Chen2025}. For exponentially and stretched-exponentially decaying interactions, we obtain stretched-exponential CMI decay with a boundary-dependent prefactor. For power-law interactions, we prove inverse-logarithmic or algebraic decay with polynomial region-size dependence. Our proof is static, in contrast to the dynamical approach of Chen and Rouzé. We compare the Gibbs state with a product state obtained by removing boundary interactions, reducing the CMI bound to a relative-entropy loss that we control using locality estimates.

We formulate a class of systems of Euclidean correlation functions for compact $d$-dimensional conformal field theories which are not necessarily unitary. We also introduce conformal $d$-vertex algebras, $d$-dimensional analogues of full vertex algebras, and prove that such an algebra is obtained from every system of conformally covariant correlation functions. Finally, for each $d\geq 2$, we construct a family of examples satisfying these axioms, corresponding to generalized free scalar fields. For $d>2$, this family contains both unitary and non-unitary examples.

We establish convergence of minimizers for a minimal one dimensional atomic-scale model for relaxation in moiré materials to those of a one-dimensional continuum limit functional analogous to those commonly used in practice to model relaxation. The atomic-scale model consists of two periodic chains containing $N$ and $N+1$ atoms per common cell and is exactly moiré-periodic at the atomic scale. Its energy combines harmonic nearest-neighbor intralayer interactions with nonlocal interlayer interactions generated by an even $C^2$ pair potential with polynomial decay. The associated continuum energy couples linear elasticity to a periodic misfit potential, obtained by periodizing the pair potential, which penalizes unfavorable local stackings.

Adsorption and desorption redistribute soluble surfactant between a liquid film and its free surface, but cannot change the total inventory in a closed periodic domain. We audit this requirement in nonlinear weighted-residual models for soluble-surfactant-laden falling films. Although a previous correction restores conservation of the nonlinear surface Marangoni flux, a separate inconsistency remains in the depth-integrated bulk diffusion. We derive the resulting mass imbalance and construct explicit positive periodic concentration fields that exhibit it. The missing contribution arises from the streamwise concentration gradient appearing in the normal diffusive flux at a sloping interface. Including this contribution restores local conservation of the coupled bulk-surface transport system while leaving the hydrodynamic equations, the leading-order adsorption-desorption closure, and the linear stability properties of the uniform equilibrium unchanged. In an independent no-slip calculation using the parameters of an earlier travelling-wave study, the reference model loses $0.0228832\%$ of its initial surfactant mass by $t=4500$, whereas the corrected run has an absolute relative mass change of $1.2\times10^{-15}$. The main hump and capillary ripples remain closely comparable at $t\approx4500$. This benchmark therefore shows that agreement with travelling-wave calculations does not, by itself, guarantee that a reduced model respects the conservation laws inherited from the underlying transport problem. Although the drift is small in this case, the corrected equations conserve the reduced total inventory for every smooth periodic solution. We also distinguish this exact conservation property from higher-order compatibility with the full curved-interface boundary conditions.

Recently derived exact expressions for the distributions of scattering matrix elements show that all combinations of ingoing and outgoing spin orientations are equally distributed. We propose a model suitable for experimental realization that breaks this degeneracy by introducing a spin preference in the channels. With the help of supersymmetry we derive a corresponding nonlinear sigma model. We exactly calculate the distributions of real and imaginary part in first order of the parameter measuring the preference. Quite remarkably, while breaking the spin degeneracy leads to different distributions for the favored and unfavored spin orientation, the real and imaginary parts of these altered distributions are the same as in the case of unbroken spin degeneracy.

Scattering theory is a key tool for the investigation of quantum systems. Universal approaches are of interest, particularly in the framework of Random Matrix Theory. Dyson's Threefold way classifies systems according to their behavior under time reversal. In these three cases the distribution of off-diagonal scattering matrix elements and cross sections were recently calculated. However, in many applications systems neither display full nor fully broken time reversal invariance, such as systems in tuneable external magnetic fields. The study of these systems has a long history, also in Random Matrix Theory. We investigate the influence of time reversal invariance breaking on the universal behavior of the mentioned distributions. Using supersymmetry we succeed in deriving exact expressions for the distribution of off-diagonal scattering matrix elements and cross sections in systems with half-integer or integer/no spin in the absence of further symmetries. We find that the distributions are symmetric while the scattering matrix elements are not. Furthermore, our results might considerably facilitate the data analysis of time reversal invariance breaking.

Scattering theory is at the core of gaining information about most quantum systems. In general, analytic progress is difficult and the investigation of universal features using statistical methods is of interest. Commonly this is carried out within the Heidelberg approach which models the Hamiltonian of the target by a random matrix. Hitherto, such investigations were performed for systems that are effectively spinless or have total angular momentum conservation. In light of recent experimental progress it has become relevant to also investigate systems with half-integer spin. Using supersymmetry, we derive the distribution for the real and imaginary parts of the scattering matrix elements and the corresponding cross sections in the case of symplectic symmetry. These results complete the derivations for Dysons threefold way.

We argue that the exponential quantum advantage in Shor's algorithm is broken under one-layer depolarizing noise of arbitrary small error rate, by analyzing a resonance breaking phenomenon in noisy quantum circuits. First, we express the distribution of measurements on $n$-qubit strings as the superposition of the $4^n$ wave functions in the Pauli path integral. In the noiseless case, the bit-strings achieving resonant peaks guaranteed a constant rate of successful measurements to factor a large number. Secondly, when the middle layer of the quantum circuit has independent depolarizing noise of rate $\lambda$, for any Hamming weight $d$, we obtain corresponding measurement rate bounded by $2(1-\lambda)^d$ for higher frequency terms and by $O(n^d)/2^{n/2}$ for low frequency terms. The rate approaches to zero as $n$ and $d$ approaches to infinity. Resonance breaking destroys the exponential quantum advantage. Furthermore, we design a classical factoring algorithm in polynomial time $O(n^d)$ to substitute the low frequency contribution.

Let the theta and Epstein zeta functions be $\Theta(\alpha,L)=\sum_{v\in L}e^{-\pi\alpha|v|^2}$ for $\alpha>0$ and $E(L,s)=\sum_{v\in L\setminus\{0\}}{|v|^{-2s}}$ for $s>2$, respectively. We consider full-rank lattices $L\subset\mathbb R^4$. Let the covolume of $L$ be one, and let $\mathcal D_4=2^{-1/4}D_4$ be the root lattice $D_4$ rescaled to covolume one. We prove that, up to orthogonal transformations, \begin{equation}\nonumber arg\,min_{covol(L)=1}\Theta(\alpha,L)=\mathcal D_4 \qquad\text{if}\quad \alpha>0, \end{equation} and this implies that \begin{equation}\nonumber arg\,min_{covol(L)=1}E(L,s)=\mathcal D_4 \qquad\text{if}\quad s>2. \end{equation} This proves that the root lattice minimizes the theta and Epstein zeta functions among all lattices in dimension four, as conjectured by Sarnak-Strömbergsson (\cite{SS}, 2006), who established the local minimality of $\mathcal D_4$. Thereby, this resolves the Rankin-Sobolev problem in dimension four dating back to Éndibaev (\cite{End1978}, 1978) and Shushbaev (\cite{Shu1978}, 1978).

We study spin-current fluctuations of the folded XXZ chain, which describes the strong-anisotropy limit of the XXZ chain. We obtain an exact expression for the moment-generating function of the time-integrated spin current at infinite temperature. A long-time asymptotic analysis establishes that the rescaled time-integrated current converges to a non-Gaussian distribution described by the M-Wright function. The derivation relies on a nonlocal map to the one-dimensional t-0 model and its exact spin-charge separation. By extending this approach, we also show that the dynamical correlation function of the spins summed over two adjacent sites exhibits a diffusive Gaussian profile at long times.

We supply the details of the subcritical dry Ten Martini statement announced in [6, Remark 1.3]: for every irrational frequency, every subcritical Type I energy with resonant rotation number is an endpoint of an open spectral gap. The proof combines the all-frequency Puig argument developed there with quantitative almost reducibility. A different proof was recently given by Li [7].

We prove that (n + 1)-dimensional de Sitter spacetime is locally the unique $(\Lambda > 0)$-vacuum spacetime whose Killing horizons intersect the conformal boundary $\mathscr{I}$. The intersection occurs at the isolated essential zeros of the extension of the Killing vector field to $\mathscr{I}$. We then reconstruct all de Sitter Killing vector fields from their boundary value and obtain a characterization of those admitting a Killing horizon in terms of a conformal invariant $\sigma$: $\sigma<0$ characterizes non-degenerate bifurcate horizons, whereas $\sigma = 0$ yields degenerate non-bifurcate horizons. Finally, we derive an intrinsic, conformally invariant formula for the surface gravity of the horizons in de Sitter, $\kappa^2 = |\sigma|$.

We study Fredholm determinant solutions to the first two positive and the first negative members of the modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (mKP) hierarchy, together with the bilinear two-dimensional Toda lattice (2DTL) equation. By applying isospectral reductions, we explicitly construct Fredholm determinant solutions for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV), the modified Camassa-Holm, and the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the non-isospectral case, the reduction from the mKP and 2DTL equations to the non-isospectral negative KdV equation yields solutions characterized by the deformed Bessel determinant.

We investigate the a posteriori controllability of remodelling within the framework of Geometric Control Theory applied to continuum systems. Remodelling is described through an isochoric Bilby–Kroner–Lee decomposition, where the internal structural transformation is represented by a remodelling tensor and its evolution is governed by a stress-driven constitutive law. Assuming infinitesimal deformation and remodelling stretches, while retaining finite rotations of the principal remodelling directions, we derive a nonlinear state-space representation in terms of principal remodelling stretches and orientation variables. This formulation allows the remodelling process to be interpreted as a finite-dimensional nonlinear control system parametrised by the material position. Equilibrium configurations are characterised, and under-actuated controllability problems are studied by means of the tools of Geometric Control Theory. The three-dimensional setting shows that the nonlinear coupling between remodelling stretches and orientations enables complete steering of the internal state through a reduced number of independent controls, while the planar reduction reveals a loss of controllability despite the presence of nonlinearity. The results provide a first systematic investigation of remodelling controllability and further support the development of Continuum Control Theory as a framework for the analysis and design of controlled internal structural transformations in continuous media.

We study the stability and instability of stratified steady states $\rho_s=\rho_s(y)$ for the two-dimensional incompressible porous media equation on $\mathbb{T}\times(-1,1)$ and $\mathbb{T}\times\mathbb{R}$. On the periodic channel, uniformly decreasing steady states satisfying natural boundary-compatibility conditions are nonlinearly stable under small $H^m$ perturbations, for every integer $m>2$. The solutions converge in $L^2$ to the measure-preserving stratification of the initial density at the rate $t^{-m/2}$. Conversely, every steady state with $\sup\rho_s'>0$ is nonlinearly unstable in $H^m$. On the infinite cylinder, we prove nonlinear instability under the additional gap condition \[ \sup_{\mathbb{R}}\rho_s' >\limsup_{|y|\to\infty}\rho_s'(y). \] In both settings, the instability is generated by positive eigenvalues of the linearized operator converging to $\sup\rho_s'$, which equals both its spectral bound and semigroup growth bound.

We present a determinantal evaluation formula for the very-well-poised ${}_8\Phi_7$ basic hypergeometric Askey-Wilson function in terms of elementary functions. The formula in question is valid for discrete values of the four permutation-symmetric Askey-Wilson parameters; specifically, these consist of all quadruples of parameter values that are given, up to a sign, by powers $q^k$ with $k$ a positive integer or half-integer, in such a way that each of the four types (positive/negative sign, integer/half-integer power) occurs exactly once. The proof hinges on a product formula for an associated Cauchy-type determinant, which is of independent interest and is established here by elementary means using Krattenthaler's `identification of factors' method for determinant evaluations.

The consistent histories formulation of quantum mechanics assigns classical probabilities to sequences of coarse-grained events when the corresponding interference terms vanish. In finite models these terms generically need not vanish exactly, and their smallness alone supplies no asymptotic geometry on the space of histories. We construct such a geometry for histories that accumulate quantum records. When the normalized Dowker - Halliwell interference between two histories factorizes as the cumulative fidelity of their records, its decay is controlled by the accumulated squared Bures distance. In the infinite registration limit, the Kakutani - von Neumann dichotomy gives a sharp sector alternative: summable Bures defect yields weakly equivalent record sequences, whereas nonsummable defect produces orthogonal superselection sectors and vanishing normalized interference. The convergence exponent of the Bures defect defines a pseudo-ultrametric on histories. After quotienting its zero distance degeneracy, it becomes a complete ultrametric, requiring neither compactness of the outcome space nor continuity of the record family, and coincides with the gauge invariant sector metric $\tilde d$ introduced in \cite{LesTP}. Its value, the consistency rate, has three equivalent interpretations: it is the sector separation metric, the polynomial growth exponent of the negative logarithm of normalized interference, and, by the Helstrom formula, the corresponding exponent of the negative logarithm of the minimum error probability for discriminating the cumulative records. Classical separation profiles determine the rate: positive long time mean defect gives the maximal value $\delta=1$, while the borderline profile $d_m^2\asymp m^{-1}$ produces distinct superselection sectors at zero polynomial rate, $\delta=0$.

We give a complete characterization of periodic graph operators whose dispersion polynomials are reducible for every potential. Consequently, the reducibility dichotomy for parameter-dependent Laurent polynomials implies that, for every other periodic graph operator, the dispersion polynomial, and hence the Bloch variety, is irreducible for generic potentials. Our proof proceeds through two reductions. We first use the monodromy of the roots of the dispersion polynomial with respect to the potential parameters to reduce the problem to the splitting case. We then show that the splitting property passes to the principal submatrices of the Floquet matrix, reducing the problem further to the case that the fundamental domain contains two vertices.

We obtain optimal Hardy inequalities for fractional powers of the $p$-Laplacian $\Delta_p^\sigma$ on $\mathbb{Z}$, $p\in (1,\infty)$, $\sigma \in (0, 1/p)$. Asymptotically, the optimal weights behave like $|x|^{-p\sigma}$ as $|x|\to \infty$. We show a similar result for the Riesz fractional $p$-Laplacian. In an appendix, we show that for general $p$-Laplace operators on locally summable graphs, $p$-null-criticality implies $p$-optimality at infinity.

To address commons dilemmas under costly social cooperation, this paper develops a tripartite coevolutionary system that integrates social behavior, ecological resource dynamics, and institutional regulation. Institutional intervention is modeled as an adaptive feedback mechanism whose intensity responds to deviations from prescribed cooperation and ecological targets. Through equilibrium analysis, stability analysis, and phase space characterization, we identify the principal operating regimes and transition mechanisms of the coupled system. The results show that the system admits a sustainable operating equilibrium in which cooperation, ecological resources, and institutional regulation coexist. We further establish the structural stability of a desirable operating state characterized by full cooperation, peak resource availability, and persistently minimal intervention. In addition to these stable regimes, the system exhibits bistability and limit cycles, indicating that alternative long term outcomes may arise from different initial conditions and parameter configurations. These nonlinear mechanisms generate a persistent crackdown rebound policy trap, in which intensified intervention temporarily improves cooperation and resource conditions but eventually produces recurrent oscillations and prevents system wide consensus. The proposed framework provides a system level explanation of governance failure and offers analytical insights for designing adaptive institutional regulation in coupled human environment systems.

We formulate and solve a degenerate elliptic boundary value problem for the $SU(\infty)$-Toda equation on $[0,\frac12)\times\mathbb{S}^2$. This constructs anti-self-dual Poincaré–Einstein metrics with circle symmetry on the $4$-ball and on complex line bundles over $\mathbb{S}^2$.

We develop quantum algorithms that construct block-encodings of solution matrices for continuous- and discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs and DAREs), differential Riccati equations (DREs), and finite Riccati recursions. The Quantum Weighted Riesz Method, unifying four kinds of Riccati problems, constructs projectors onto the solution graphs using weighted Riesz branching operators and recovers the solution matrices. Under the stated access and normalization assumptions, our algorithms for CAREs and DAREs have near-optimal query complexity $\Theta(\mathcal R\alpha)$ up to logarithmic factors, with the generalized singularity factor $\mathcal R$ that reflects spectral separation, and the output normalization $\alpha$. For DREs and finite-horizon problems, the query complexity has an additional initialization conditioning factor $\kappa_{\rm init}$. We establish product query lower bounds for specified input-oracle families, demonstrating necessary joint dependence on spectral separation and initialization or output scale. We also prove that selected-value promise problems are BQP-complete on explicit circuit-generated families of single-control discrete-time algebraic and zero-terminal differential Riccati equations. Applications include classical feedback evaluation for linear-quadratic control, a query-complexity comparison for stable random-phase approximation Riccati equations in quantum chemistry, and heated boundary control with numerical validation.

We prove dimension-independent Hyers–Ulam stability for surjective approximate isometries of the positive trace-class cone in both the trace and Bures metrics. Here $\varepsilon\geq0$ is a uniform upper bound on the additive error in preserving distances. Such an approximate isometry is uniformly approximated by a Wigner symmetry (a unitary or antiunitary conjugation), with error at most $9\varepsilon/2$ in the trace metric and $2\sqrt2\varepsilon$ in the Bures metric, even if it does not fix zero. For maps fixing zero, the trace bound improves to $3\varepsilon$ even under the hypothesis of $\delta$-surjectivity, independently of $\delta$. In infinite dimensions, we construct spectrum-preserving homeomorphisms of the full state space, including mixed states, whose distortions tend to zero in both metrics but which stay a fixed uniform distance from every Wigner symmetry. For state spaces, stability holds in each fixed finite dimension with a dimension-dependent modulus tending to zero as $\varepsilon\to0$, but no such modulus can be chosen independently of dimension.

Generalized reaction-diffusion systems encompass diverse transport mechanisms and coupled reaction kinetics. A central question for neural PDE solvers is what should be learned so that a common interface can accommodate phase-field and degenerate transport, local reactions, and multispecies coupling. We propose the Neural Constitutive Laws–Mass-Compression-Transport (NCL-MCT) Solver, which learns PDE-specific constitutive responses while retaining temporal evolution in a shared MCT integrator. Transport is represented through mobility and thermodynamic driving force, and reaction through relative reaction rates. These constitutive responses depend on the current density rather than explicitly on the initial condition or elapsed time, motivating their reuse across different initial conditions and time horizons. The same interface supports velocity-data supervision and known-law supervision, neither of which requires time integration during training. When constitutive laws are known, supervision can be evaluated on independently sampled density fields, enabling trajectory-free constitutive learning without generating solution trajectories. Across seven systems, separately trained constitutive modules share the same interface and MCT integrator and achieve relative rollout $L^2$ errors of $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-2}$. Tests with unseen initial-condition families and an extended time horizon assess reuse beyond training conditions, while separate experiments demonstrate trajectory-free constitutive learning. These results support constitutive responses as an effective learning target for a shared neural PDE framework.

Momentum-dependent symmetry actions can turn the even-integer constraint of a $2\mathbb{Z}$ classification of topological insulators and superconductors into an odd-integer constraint without changing the symmetry algebra. For internal and order-two crystalline symmetries in up to four spatial dimensions, we derive parity relations between the Chern or winding number of a gapped Hamiltonian and topological invariants of its momentum-dependent antiunitary symmetry matrices. Whenever the symmetry action enforces odd parity, any symmetry-preserving gapped phase must be topologically nontrivial. Using cellwise actions, which are represented by momentum-independent matrices in a fixed unit-cell basis, as a reference, we determine how locality constrains the realization of odd topological numbers. Explicit model constructions and no-go theorems distinguish three cases: odd values can be realized by finite-range symmetry actions, can be realized by exponentially decaying quasilocal actions but not by finite-range actions, or are impossible in finite-dimensional Bloch systems.

This paper extends the formalism of stochastic path-space thermodynamics by systematically expanding the space of thermodynamic variables with a spectrum of boundary and relative functionals of random processes. Generalizing the approaches introduced in preprints arXiv:2607.24078 and arXiv:2609.08477, we investigate the fluctuation statistics of a one-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with an asymmetric linear drift and a step penalty potential at the origin, which models the waiting phase of a molecular Brownian motor. Utilizing the Feynman-Kac formalism and the parabolic cylinder theory, a numerical scheme based on matching logarithmic derivatives via the secant method is constructed. A high-precision eigenvalues of the effective Hamiltonian is obtained, which define the cumulant generating function. We formulate a modified path-space fluctuation theorem of the Gallavotti-Cohen type for the conjugate drift current at a fixed integral occupation time of the system in the dissipative half-plane. The physical and thermodynamic significance of the new variables is elucidated. A combination of "residence time" and "integral current" functionals is applied to describe an ion channel sensitive to mechanical or electrical stimuli.

Neural network conformal theories were first introduced in \cite{Halverson:2024axc} and exact two-, three- and four-point correlators were computed from an ensemble of infinite-width neural networks. In particular, the four-point correlator of any scalar operator satisfied crossing-symmetry and conformal block decomposition across different channels were in agreement without any constraint on moments. An infinite tower of degenerate operators with the same scaling dimension were found. In this note, we take a closer look at the structure of correlators and relation between operators. We also layout a recipe to construct the algebra of the theory.

This paper revisits Willis' elastodynamic homogenization (Mechanics of Materials, 41 (2009) 385-393) of periodic laminate composites and uses the equivalent inclusion-based method (EIM) to evaluate the unique effective constitutive properties with eigen-fields. The microstructure-specific Green's function is essential in Willis's exact homogenization method, which was derived from the corresponding periodic laminates. Our re-examination identifies several algebraic differences in the published formulae for the Floquet number and the related effective properties. In parallel, this paper simulates inhomogeneities with a comparison medium containing two eigen-fields, namely eigenstrain and eigen-momentum, to simulate stiffness and mass density mismatch, respectively. Therefore, the general Green's function can be directly used. The exact homogenization method with the updated specific Green's function is compared to the proposed EIM with eigen-fields homogenization scheme, and excellent agreement is obtained. The present paper provides a base to extend the homogenization framework to multi-dimensional Willis-type homogenization.

Bellissard's framework uses covariant observables to describe aperiodic solids. We examine how butterfly-like spectra in twisted bilayers can be related to bulk gap labels and topological response. A bulk gap permits a spectral projector and an integrated density of states. A topological response requires an additional pairing of that projector. In an illustrative finite honeycomb bilayer, an exact second-moment identity isolates the interlayer contribution to spectral variance. Angle-resolved spectra, finite state counts, an uncoupled reference, and size and broadening checks show how coupling redistributes spectral weight without assigning a bulk gap label. We then examine the requirements for atomistic electronic-structure calculations, including nonorthogonal orbitals, projected densities of states, and basis functions that move during relative sliding. The resulting framework specifies the steps needed to connect atomistic spectra with bulk state counting and topological response.

We study reduced solutions of Toda systems generated by spherical metrics for an arbitrary complex simple Lie algebra. The main result is an intrinsic centralizer parametrization: for a spherical metric, the reduced family is the positive Iwasawa slice cut out by the centralizer of the principal image of closure of monodromy group. As an application, we transfer existing spherical-metric existence results to the diagonal Toda source tuple.