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Physics High Energy Physics (Experiment)

hep-ex Watch High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Monday 14 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Search for charmonium(like) states $X$ in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma X\rightarrow\gamma D^{*0}\bar{D}^{*0}$ at BESIII

BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson et al. (+765 more)

A search is performed for a state $X$ decaying into $D^{*0}\bar{D}^{*0}$ produced in the process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma X$ using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1667.4 $\rm pb^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s} = 4.682$ GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII. The state $X$ could be one of the $C$-even states $X(4013)$, $\eta_{c}(3S)$, $\chi_{c0}(3P)$, $\chi_{c1}(3P)$, or $\chi_{c2}(3P)$. No significant signal is observed in the corresponding signal region. Upper limits of $\sigma_{e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma X}\cdot {\rm Br}_{X\rightarrow D^{*0}\bar{D}^{*0}}$ at 90% confidence level are provided, where $\sigma_{e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma X}$ represents the cross section of the $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma X$ process, and ${\rm Br}_{X\rightarrow D^{*0}\bar{D}^{*0}}$ is the branching fraction of the $X\rightarrow D^{*0}\bar{D}^{*0}$ process.
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All authors BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, C. S. Akondi, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. H. An, M. S. Anderson, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, H. R. Bao, X. L. Bao, M. Barbagiovanni, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. B. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, D. Cabiati, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, T. T. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, W. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, X. Y. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. K. Chen, J. Cheng, L. N. Cheng, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. Cottee-Meldrum, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denisenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, E. Di Fiore, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, Z. J. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Shaoxu Du, X. L. Du, Y. Q. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, Jin Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Q. X. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, Xu Gao, Y. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yunong Gao, Z. Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, L. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. Gollub, J. B. Gong, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, M. D. Gu, M. H. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, H. Guo, J. N. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, X. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Z. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, J. Y. Han, T. T. Han, X. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, C. Z. He, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Y. X. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, L. K. Jia, X. Q. Jia, D. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, L. C. L. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, L. Kröger, L. Krümmel, Y. Y. Kuang, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Chunkai Li, Cong Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. L. Li, H. N. Li, H. P. Li, Hui Li, J. N. Li, J. S. Li, J. W. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, M. T. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, S. Li, S. X. Li, S. Y. Li, Shanshan Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. K. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. H. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. C. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. L. Li, Z. X. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, Z. Z. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Kun Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. K. Liu, X. L. Liu, X. P. Liu, X. T. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Yi Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. L. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Z. X. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, Heng Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Maity, S. Malde, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, A. Marshall, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, H. Neuwirth, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, Y. Niu, C. Normand, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, I. V. Ovtin, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, G. L. Peng, H. P. Peng, X. J. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, K. Petridis, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, L. Pöpping, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, J. Rademacker, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, W. R. Ruangyoo, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, M. Schernau, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, Ch. Y. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, M. H. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, M. H. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, Zirong Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, S. Stansilaus, F. Stieler, M. Stolte, S. S Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, R. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, H. Tabaharizato, N. T. Tagsinsit, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. J. Tang, L. F. Tang, Y. A. Tang, Z. H. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, K. Yu. Todyshev, I. Uman, E. van der Smagt, B. Wang, Bin Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Chao Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, F. K. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. R. Wang, J. Wang, J. J. Wang, J. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, Mi Wang, N. Y. Wang, P. Wang, S. Wang, Shun Wang, T. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Xin Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Yanning Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zhi Wang, Ziyi Wang, D. Wei, D. H. Wei, D. J. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, H. R. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. W. Wu, Z. Wu, H. L. Xia, L. Xia, B. H. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, D. B. Xiong, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. H. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, R. J. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. G. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. M. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, Youhua Yang, Z. Y. Yang, W. J. Yao, Z. P. Yao, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, K. Yi, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, L. W. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, Yongchao Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, Jie Yuan, L. Yuan, M. K. Yuan, S. H. Yuan, Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, F. R. Zeng, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Yujie Zeng, Y. C. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, Gengyuan Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, Han Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, Q. Z. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, S. N. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Ziyang Zhang, Ziyu Zhang, G. Zhao, J.-P. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. P. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, W. Q. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. X. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, Lin Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, M. Zhuge, J. H. Zou, J. Zu

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Inelastic Dark Matter at LZ from Radiative Dirac Neutrino Mass Paradigm

Pankaj Borah, Satyabrata Mahapatra and Newton Nath

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has reported a high-energy nuclear recoil candidate, LZ230616, at $E_R = 248 \pm 23_{\rm stat} \pm 23_{\rm sys}\,$keV, which is difficult to reconcile with elastic scattering of halo dark matter (DM). Endothermic inelastic scattering offers a natural explanation, but it rests on a nucleon coupling that is off-diagonal rather than diagonal. We show that this feature arises automatically within a radiative Dirac neutrino mass framework. The Standard Model is extended by three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), a pair of vector-like neutral fermions for each generations, and a scalar sector comprising an inert doublet and a real singlet, governed by a $\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}_4$ symmetry. The $\mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetry stabilizes the DM, while the $\mathcal{Z}_4$ symmetry forbids the tree-level Dirac Yukawa coupling together with all renormalizable Majorana mass terms, thereby allowing the generation of Dirac neutrino masses at the one-loop level through a softly broken scalar trilinear coupling `$\kappa$'. Since the neutral dark-sector fields can be expressed in terms of real scalar mass eigenstates, the $Z$ boson couples to them purely off-diagonally and elastic $Z$-mediated scattering is absent identically rather than simply suppressed. The singlet–doublet mixing induced by `$\kappa$' governs both the inelastic rate and the one-loop Dirac neutrino mass, which therefore vanish as $\kappa \to 0$. We find that DM masses in the few hundred GeV to TeV range, with splittings of $\mathcal{O}(340-360)\,$ keV, simultaneously reproduce the observed relic abundance, account for the LZ event and yield neutrino masses of the correct order, while respecting elastic direct-detection limits and all relevant theoretical and experimental constraints. A substantial part of the surviving parameter space lies within reach of DARWIN.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Dalitz decays of vector heavy quarkonia into $\chi_{QJ}(1P)$ in the Bethe-Salpeter approach

Xin-Wen Wang, Wen-Yuan Ke, Su-Yan Pei et al. (+3 more)

We systematically investigate the Dalitz decays of vector heavy quarkonia into $\chi_{QJ}(1P)\ell^+\ell^-$ ($Q=c,b$; $J=0,1,2$; $\ell=e,\mu$) within the instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter framework. The study covers $\psi(2S)$, $\psi(1D)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$, and the so-far unobserved $\Upsilon(1D)$ states. For $\psi(2S)$ electron channels, our predictions are in excellent agreement with BESIII data. We further provide the first relativistic predictions for $\psi(1D)$ decays, with branching ratios for several electron channels reaching the $10^{-5}$ level, which is accessible at current BESIII statistics. For bottomonium, $\Upsilon(2S)\to\chi_{bJ}e^+e^-$ decays yield branching fractions of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$, suggesting potential observability at Belle~II. Muonic channels are also discussed, with kinematic constraints carefully addressed. Our results establish a coherent theoretical basis for future experimental searches for heavy quarkonium Dalitz decays.
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All authors Xin-Wen Wang, Wen-Yuan Ke, Su-Yan Pei, Tianhong Wang, Qiang Li, Guo-Li Wang

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Probing $\Upsilon({1S})$, $\eta_b$ and $h_b$ resonances in proton-lead collisions at the LHCb

Sudhansu S. Biswal, Priyabrata Dash, Sushree S. Mishra et al. (+1 more)

We explore the production of bottomonium states in proton–lead (pPb) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) within the frameworks of Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) and modified NRQCD (MNRQCD). In this work, we present theoretical predictions for the production cross-section, the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm pPb}$ and the forward-to-backward production ratio $R_{\rm FB}$ of $\Upsilon(1S)$ as functions of transverse momentum and rapidity in the LHCb kinematic region. The MNRQCD framework, which incorporates perturbative soft-gluon emissions from color-octet states, provides description of quarkonium production in heavy-ion collision. Furthermore, using heavy-quark spin symmetry, we estimate the production cross-sections and expected event yields of the spin-singlet bottomonium states $\eta_b$ and $h_b$ within both NRQCD and MNRQCD. The predictions show significant differences between the two approaches in the integrated cross-sections and transverse momentum distributions of these resonances. Therefore, these results could provide important benchmarks for future experimental measurements at LHCb and contribute to a deeper understanding of bottomonia production and nuclear modifications in proton–lead collisions.
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All authors Sudhansu S. Biswal, Priyabrata Dash, Sushree S. Mishra, K. Sridhar

Sunday 13 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.ins-det

A rotation-based Hall-probe magnetic compass

B. Wojtsekhowski, C. Cuevas, R. Dawson et al. (+4 more)

In many physics and space experiments the direction of a magnetic field must be known to one milliradian or better. We have developed a new type of magnetic compass, based on rotation, in which a spinning Hall probe (HP) produces an alternating signal proportional to the component of the magnetic field transverse to the axis of rotation. Aligning the rotation axis so that this signal vanishes gives the direction of the field. The device requires no calibration and is insensitive to electronics drift. A spinning-HP compass was built and used in a recent experiment at Jefferson Lab, where it determined the direction of the 25~G holding field of a polarized $^3$He target to about 1~mrad; the direction of the rotation axis was transferred to the laboratory frame with a laser and a flat mirror attached to the rotor. A second implementation of the rotation approach, a spinning field concentrator (SFC) with a stationary Hall probe, was also built. With 10 seconds of averaging the SFC compass resolves a transverse field of 18~$\mu$G, corresponding to a directional resolution of 70~$\mu$rad in a field of 0.25 G, close to the Earth's field.
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All authors B. Wojtsekhowski, C. Cuevas, R. Dawson, W. Henry, N. Liyanage, G. Ron, J. Wilson

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.ins-det

Cross-Detector Transfer Learning with Parnassus: From ALEPH to SLD

Ya-Feng Lo, Chi Lung Cheng and Benjamin Nachman

Parnassus is a fast detector-simulation and reconstruction framework that maps truth-level particles directly to reconstructed particles. In this work, we investigate cross-detector transfer learning by adapting a Parnassus model for the ALEPH detector to the SLD detector. ALEPH and SLD have similar detector responses, as they were both targeting hadronic $Z$-pole $e^+e^-$ events, while differing substantially in the underlying detector technology, reconstruction, and archived data representation. We initialize the SLD particle model with weights learned on ALEPH, fine-tune it on SLD, and compare it with the same architecture trained directly on SLD. The ALEPH-initialized model gives substantially improved particle- and jet-level agreement with the SLD reference, including a factor of 5.2 improvement in the charged-particle angular response and an improvement in the jet angular resolution from $1.73$ to $1.15$ times the SLD reference. The results show that detector-response information learned on ALEPH can be reused when modeling SLD and motivate reusable pretrained Parnassus models for legacy $e^+e^-$ detectors, which is especially critical for experiments without access to the original software pipeline. With this paper, we also release an AI-ready version of simulated SLD $e^+e^-$ events.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Boosted or Inelastic? Discriminating Interpretations of the LZ 248 keV Event

Satyabrata Mahapatra and Partha Kumar Paul

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment has reported a single nuclear recoil candidate at $E_R = 248 \pm 23(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 23(\mathrm{sys})$~keV, disfavouring the background-only hypothesis at a global significance of $2.6\sigma$. The difficulty such an event poses is not the recoil energy itself but the absence of any accompanying excess at low energy as elastic scattering of halo dark matter yields a monotonically falling spectrum, and supplying the required momentum transfer $q \simeq 246$~MeV already demands $m_\chi \gtrsim 79$~GeV. We confront the event with the two kinematically distinct mechanisms that evade this limitation, endothermic inelastic dark matter, in which a mass splitting $\delta \sim \mathcal{O}(100)$~keV forbids low-energy recoils and boosted dark matter, in which a light relativistic flux supplies the momentum, treating both with the same model-independent scalar–scalar, pseudoscalar–scalar and pseudoscalar–pseudoscalar effective operators. The two scenarios prove spectrally distinguishable. The inelastic spectra sit near the observed energy for every operator, placing only $6$–$17\%$ of events below 150~keV, whereas the boosted spectra depend critically on the operator: the scalar and pseudoscalar–scalar interactions place $99\%$ and $92\%$ of their events below 150~keV, while the pseudoscalar–pseudoscalar interaction places $75\%$ above it. Momentum dependence is thus essential to the boosted interpretation, but in the inelastic case it trades against the splitting, the preferred $\delta$ decreasing monotonically from $\mathcal{O}_{ss}$ to $\mathcal{O}_{ps}$ to $\mathcal{O}_{pp}$. Because the scenarios differ across the whole high-energy window, a handful of additional events would separate them, placing the question within reach of the full LZ exposure.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Chiral symmetry breaking for large "Nf" and the properties of the "rho" meson near the conformal window

Aftab Ahmad, Samreen Fatima, Muhammad Shahbaz et al. (+3 more)

We study how the ground-state properties of the rho meson respond when the number of light-quark flavors N_f is driven towards the conformal window. The interaction is a symmetry-preserving, confining vector–vector contact interaction whose effective coupling carries a flavor dependence designed to encode the screening produced by fermion loops in the deep infrared. That interaction feeds the Schwinger–Dyson equation for the dressed-quark propagator and the homogeneous Bethe–Salpeter equation in the rainbow-ladder truncation, regularized in the Schwinger proper-time scheme so that quark production thresholds are absent while chiral symmetry remains broken. Raising N_f weakens the coupling, suppresses the dynamically generated mass and restores chiral symmetry together with deconfinement at a critical flavor number N^{c}_{f}. The vector channel responds differently from the pseudoscalar one. Because the $\rho$ is not a Goldstone boson, its mass is not protected by the symmetry that is being restored, and it simply follows the shrinking constituent scale, while the canonically normalized amplitude E_rho and the leptonic decay constant f_rho soften along the way. In this framework the rho sits above the nominal q\bar{q} threshold for every flavor number examined, so the state survives only as long as confinement removes that threshold. Dissociation is therefore governed by the divergence of the confinement length scale rather than by a crossing of the bound-state mass, and we contrast both criteria. The three elastic electromagnetic form factors G_E, G_M and G_Q, computed in the generalized impulse approximation, flatten as N_f grows, the zero crossing of G_E migrates towards the infrared and the charge radius expands, whereas the magnitude of the quadrupole moment decreases. The rho thus becomes a larger and rounder object as the theory approaches conformality.
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All authors Aftab Ahmad, Samreen Fatima, Muhammad Shahbaz, Marco Antonio Bedolla, Alfredo Raya, Muhammad Imran

Saturday 12 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.data-an

Finite Asimov Sample Construction in Unbinned Neural Simulation-Based Inference

Rafael Coelho Lopes de Sa and Jay Sandesara

Expected sensitivity calculations in frequentist analysis using neural simulation-based inference often require large simulated samples to approximate an unbinned Asimov dataset. We construct a finite weighted reference sample, for analyses based on learned density ratios, for which the generating parameters globally maximize the weighted likelihood. A toy example with five-dimensional observable space based loosely on high-energy physics models shows that an Asimov dataset consisting of as few as 256 weighted reference events closely reproduce the expected test statistic scans obtained with two million simulated reference events. The resulting test statistic distributions are also shown to agree with independent simulator-based pseudo-experiments. We note that this agreement with the simulator depends on the accuracy of the learned ratios and must be validated explicitly.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

From cross-section degeneracies to phase-sensitive observables in near-threshold J/psi production

Arkadiy I. Syamtomov

Near-threshold $J/\psi$ production is sensitive to scalar and traceless spin-two chromoelectric structure in the nucleon. We study whether present integrated and differential measurements can separate these contributions and constrain their relative phase. The GlueX integrated cross section does not determine a unique scalar contribution: production and elastic scalar terms are strongly correlated, while flatter non-forward profiles drive the fitted scalar strength to zero. In a 38-point large-$\xi$ differential analysis, the scalar term is collinear at fixed kinematics with the retained C-GFF direction, leading to nearly degenerate solutions and strong profile dependence. A common single-channel final-state factor preserves the scalar-spin-two relative phase, whereas coupled-channel rescattering can modify it. Its determination therefore requires polarization-sensitive observables together with process-specific complex helicity amplitudes.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from nucl-ex

Hadron photoproduction experiments in LEPS2

N. Muramatsu, A. O. Tokiyasu and T. A. Hashimoto

In the LEPS2 facility constructed at SPring-8, hadron photoproduction experiments have been carried out by using a photon beam with high linear polarization in the tagged energy range of 1.3-2.4 GeV. The BGOegg and Solenoid experiments are alternately running with large-acceptance detector setups, which have been prepared by focusing on the measurement of gamma-rays and charged particles, respectively. These two projects have covered a wide range of hadron physics research, including the search for in-medium meson mass modification, the baryon resonance spectroscopy, the studies on exotic hadrons, and so on. This article reviews the physics programs, the obtained results, and the future prospects in the LEPS2 facility.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Probing Neutrinophilic Scalars in Muon Decays

Yongchao Zhang and Zhong Zhang

The non-standard self-interactions of neutrinos could be induced by (light) scalars that couple primarily to neutrinos. In this work, we investigate the effects of neutrinophilic scalars $\phi$ on muon decays at the tree, 1-loop and 2-loop levels, considering both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. The most phenomenologically interesting processes are the 1-loop decay $\mu \to e \phi \phi$ and $\phi$-induced decay $\mu \to e \gamma$ at the 2-loop order from the same coupling $g_{\rm eff}$, and the 1-loop corrections of $\phi$ to the SM muon decay and the four-body muon decays $\mu^- \to e^- \nu_\mu \nu_\mu \phi,\, e^- \bar\nu_e \bar\nu_e \phi$, both induced by the coupling $h_{e\mu}$ of $\phi$ to Majorana neutrinos. The current experimental bounds on $\mu \to e \gamma$ provide the most stringent limits on the coupling $g_{\rm eff}$, up to roughly 0.064, for the scalar mass $m_\phi \gtrsim 8.7$ MeV. The precise $G_F$ measurements constrain the coupling $|h_{e\mu}|$ down to roughly $0.027$, with the scalar mass $m_\phi$ constrained up to roughly $5.9$ TeV. For $m_\phi \gtrsim {\cal O}({\rm GeV})$, the $G_F$ measurements are more stringent than other existing laboratory, astrophysical and cosmological constraints. Some other $\phi$-induced processes are also possible, which are, however, heavily suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses and/or the loop factor.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Polarized Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at $\mathcal O(\alpha_s^3)$ in QCD

Liang Dong, Shen Fang, Jun Gao et al. (+4 more)

Unraveling the partonic origin of the proton spin requires precise determinations of polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), which depend on comparably precise theoretical predictions for polarized scattering, particularly in view of the high-precision measurements anticipated at the future Electron-Ion Collider. We present the first next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) QCD predictions for longitudinally polarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) in a fully differential form, together with next-to-next-to-leading order predictions for the hadron transverse-momentum spectrum. These results are obtained by extending the two-dimensional transverse-momentum subtraction framework to the spin-dependent cross section. Together with the corresponding unpolarized calculation, these results enable consistent N$^3$LO predictions for longitudinal double-spin asymmetries and provide a precision baseline for future analyses of helicity PDFs and transverse-momentum-dependent helicity distributions.
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All authors Liang Dong, Shen Fang, Jun Gao, Hai Tao Li, Ding Yu Shao, Bin Zhou, Yu Jiao Zhu

Friday 11 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Density-Guided Conditional Neural Processes for Detector Efficiency Estimation

Yue Ma and Aobo Li

Selection efficiency connects observed counts to physical rates and rare-event search limits. With scarce calibration data, strong smoothing can erase sharp physical changes, while highly flexible models can overfit the data and mistake statistical fluctuations for physical structure. We introduce a density-guided conditional neural process (CNP) that uses spectral concentrations to control where high-frequency features are available. On MAJORANA data, it reconstructs local structure while matching measured efficiencies within twice their binomial statistical uncertainty in an average of 89% of bins across two continuum windows, versus 37% for Attentive CNP with positional encoding. With 5,000 efficiency-model training events and 500 context events, it exceeds CNP and Attentive CNP trained on twice as many events in both peak-core and continuum summaries, and also exceeds context-only KDE and Bernoulli GP. Our method thus balances the reconstruction of sharp physical features with resistance to statistical overfitting, and achieves this with fewer training events.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Semi-visible Jets from Sneaky Dark Matter

Deepak Kar, Christiane Scherb, Pedro Schwaller et al. (+1 more)

In this paper, we compare two different ways of generating semi-visible jet signature in non-resonant production mode, and flag the potential advantages of the new generation approach we propose. In addition, we suggest a more efficient matrix element to parton shower matching configuration for this hadronic final state signature. Finally, we perform a reinterpretation study of the ATLAS search for t-channel semi-visible jet production and obtain collider limits on the sneaky DM scenario.
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All authors Deepak Kar, Christiane Scherb, Pedro Schwaller, Sukanya Sinha

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Flavor Flux Correlators, Forward-Backward Asymmetries, and Anomalies

Kyle Lee and Ian Moult

Flavor plays a crucial role in the structure of the Standard Model. As such, many important collider physics measurements incorporate the flavor information of detected hadrons. Recent progress in the study of energy correlators has enabled collider physics measurements of energy flux to be reformulated as operator statements. In this Letter, we introduce flavor flux correlators, which measure the angular distribution and correlations of flavor quantum numbers. We emphasize a unique feature of heavy flavor flux correlators as compared to correlators of other charges, namely the $b$ and $c$ flavor quantum numbers are gapped at the heavy quark mass scale, making them a particularly clean perturbative observables, with $\mathcal{O}(\Lambda_{\text{QCD}}/m_Q)$ suppressed non-perturbative power corrections. As an application, we reformulate the heavy quark forward-backward asymmetry as a macroscopic consequence of a mixed electroweak anomaly of the heavy-quark flavor current. Using the relation to the anomaly, we compute the flavor flux correlator analytically at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order and verify using parton shower simulations that non-perturbative corrections are suppressed, as expected from the gapped nature of the heavy flavor quantum numbers. Flavor flux correlators can be measured using archival electron-positron collision data, as well as at Belle II and future colliders.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Demonstrating topological identification capabilities of the NEXT experiment at low pressure

J. Waiton, H. Almazán, B. Palmeiro et al. (+109 more)

The NEXT-100 detector is a high-pressure xenon time projection chamber utilising electroluminescence amplification for sub-1% FWHM energy resolution and topological discrimination, two key attributes required to achieve the NEXT programme's overarching goal of detecting neutrinoless double beta decay ($0 \nu \beta \beta$). The detector has completed its first physics run at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC), with xenon at a pressure of $\sim$4 bar. In this paper we report on the first validation of NEXT-100's topological performance and present the first topological analysis conducted at low pressure within the detector programme. A Monte Carlo study characterising the effects of pressure on track topology is presented, with qualitative agreement observed in data. We then demonstrate the topological discrimination capabilities for $0\nu \beta \beta$-like events from $^{208}$Tl decays using a cut-based method considered the 'baseline' in NEXT's topological programme, upon which all future analyses will improve. The analysis described applies a set of selection cuts before implementing a background discrimination algorithm that yields a reported signal efficiency for double-electron tracks and background acceptance for single-electron tracks of 75.6 $\pm$ 1.9 (stat.) $^{+3.4}_{-4.1}$ (syst.) % and 14.7 $\pm$ 0.4 (stat.) $^{+0.7}_{-0.8}$ (syst.) %. These results demonstrate the excellent topological discrimination capabilities of the NEXT-100 detector in line with NEXT-White, which achieved a signal efficiency and background acceptance of 71.6 $\pm$ 1.5 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.3 (syst.) % and 20.6 $\pm$ 0.4 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.3 (syst.) % respectively.
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All authors J. Waiton, H. Almazán, B. Palmeiro, G. Martínez-Lema, R. Guenette, V. Álvarez, L. Arazi, I.J. Arnquist, F. Auria-Luna, S. Ayet, Y. Ayyad, C.D.R. Azevedo, F. Ballester, J.E. Barcelon, M. del Barrio-Torregrosa, J.M. Benlloch-Rodríguez, F.I.G.M. Borges, A. Brodoline, C. Cabo, A. Castillo, E. Church, M. Cid, X. Cid, C.A.N. Conde, C. Cortes-Parra, F.P. Cossío, R. Coupe, E. Dey, P. Dietz, C. Echeverria, M. Elorza, R. Esteve, R. Felkai, L.M.P. Fernandes, P. Ferrario, P. Ferrero Mancheño, F.W. Foss, Z. Freixa, J. García-Barrena, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J.W.R. Grocott, J. Hauptman, C.A.O. Henriques, J.A. Hernando Morata, P. Herrero-Gómez, V. Herrero, C. Hervés Carrete, Y. Ifergan, A.F.B. Isabel, B.J.P. Jones, F. Kellerer, L. Larizgoitia, A. Larumbe, P. Lebrun, F. Lopez, N. López-March, R. Madigan, R.D.P. Mano, A. Marauri, A.P. Marques, J. Martín-Albo, A. Martínez, M. Martínez-Vara, R.L. Miller, K. Mistry, J. Molina-Canteras, F. Monrabal, C.M.B. Monteiro, F.J. Mora, K.E. Navarro, P. Novella, D.R. Nygren, E. Oblak, I. Osborne, J. Palacio, A. Para, A. Pazos, J. Pelegrin, M. Pérez Maneiro, M. Querol, J. Renner, I. Rivilla, C. Rogero, L. Rogers, B. Romeo, C. Romo-Luque, E. Ruiz-Chóliz, P. Saharia, F.P. Santos, J.M.F. dos Santos, M. Seemann, I. Shomroni, A.L.M. Silva, P.A.O.C. Silva, A. Simón, S.R. Soleti, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Oton, J.M.R. Teixeira, S. Teruel-Pardo, J.F. Toledo, C. Tonnelé, S. Torelli, J. Torrent, A. Trettin, P.R.G. Valle, M. Vanga, P. Vázquez Cabaleiro, J.F.C.A. Veloso, J.D. Villamil, L.M. Villar Padruno, A. Yubero-Navarro

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Probing Neutrinophilic Axion-Like Particles in Tritium Beta Decay

Yi Chung, Florian Goertz, Maya Hager et al. (+1 more)

We investigate the prospects for constraining neutrinophilic axion-like particles via measurements of the tritium beta decay spectrum, as performed by the KATRIN experiment and its planned TRISTAN detector upgrade. We study in detail the resulting spectral modifications and the corresponding experimental sensitivity. The relevant complementary searches are also discussed for comparison and we derive the most up-to-date and robust constraints on keV-scale neutrinophilic axion-like particles, covering both lepton-number-conserving and lepton-number-violating interactions. Cosmological constraints are generally more stringent; however, this conclusion relies on the assumption that the particles remain unchanged from the early universe to the present day. We therefore construct a model in which the neutrinophilic axion-like particle, being a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of an extended scalar sector, emerges from a spontaneous symmetry breaking featuring a non-trivial thermal history. We show that the model naturally evades the conventional cosmological bounds, allowing tritium beta decay measurements to provide the leading constraints.
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All authors Yi Chung, Florian Goertz, Maya Hager, Joscha Lauer

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Searches for Non-Standard Neutrino Oscillations with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Philip L. R. Weigel

The short-baseline neutrino anomalies observed by LSND, MiniBooNE, and the gallium experiments can be explained by additional neutrino states beyond the three established by solar, atmospheric, and reactor oscillation measurements. The minimal 3+1 sterile neutrino model that parameterizes these anomalies is in significant tension with null results from other oscillation experiments and with cosmological constraints, motivating the exploration of non-minimal extensions in which the additional mass eigenstate is unstable. This thesis presents a search for an unstable sterile neutrino model, in which the heavy mass eigenstate $\nu_4$ decays to two invisible particles, using 10.67 years of high-energy atmospheric neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The analysis finds no preference for sterile decay over the no-decay 3+1 hypothesis and excludes most of the parameter space preferred by global fits to short-baseline data at 90% confidence level, providing a strong constraint on this non-minimal explanation of the anomalies. The thesis additionally develops the foundation for a future sterile neutrino search at IceCube targeting the resonant disappearance of antineutrinos. Three contributions are presented: a comprehensive calculation of neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus deep-inelastic scattering cross sections, new machine-learning reconstruction techniques, and an improved event selection with twice the signal efficiency of the previous iteration. Together, these tools enable statistical separation of neutrinos and antineutrinos and establish the infrastructure for the next generation of sterile neutrino searches with IceCube.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Quark-Parton Fusion and the Scaling of Hadron Production at the LHC

A.B. Kurepin and E.V. Karpechev

Hadron production, including pions, kaons and antiprotons, in proton-proton collisions at an energy of 7 TeV at the ALICE facility has been studied. For the data analysis, a generalised parton model was used, which takes into account the interaction of two partons in colliding beams and the production of new particles. Considering the effects of parton fusion and compound state formation results in a scaling dependence of the hadron production cross sections of different species.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

The DALI Haloscope: A Magnetized Phased Array Coupled to a Semi-Open Fabry–Pérot Resonator

Javier De Miguel, Antonios Gardikiotis, Eduardo David González-Carretero et al. (+10 more)

DALI is an axion haloscope consisting of a magnetized phased array backed by a conducting mirror and coupled in the near field to a semi-open Fabry–Pérot resonator. The applied static magnetic field makes both the dielectric interfaces and the conducting mirror sensitive to axion-induced electromagnetic conversion. Each interface acts as a radiating surface, and the resulting fields are projected onto the mode collected by the resonator and delivered to the receiver. We derive the detected power in terms of the power available from the magnetized mirror, the coherent contribution of the dielectric interfaces, the transverse mode overlap, the loaded quality factor, and the receiver-coupling coefficient. This formulation separates two distinct enhancement mechanisms. The dielectric-interface emissions may add coherently, producing a dielectric boost, while the semi-open Fabry–Pérot resonator provides enhancement through resonant storage of the coupled electromagnetic field. These contributions depend differently on the dielectric thicknesses, spacings, and resonant mode, and should therefore be evaluated independently. The same assembly can operate between the limits of a coherently boosted dielectric haloscope and a mirror-sourced, resonantly enhanced Fabry–Pérot haloscope. This combined architecture offers a flexible approach to resonant axion searches at frequencies for which conventional closed microwave cavities become increasingly limited in conversion volume.
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All authors Javier De Miguel, Antonios Gardikiotis, Eduardo David González-Carretero, Elvio Hernández-Suárez, Roger J. Hoyland, Enrique Joven, Abaz Kryemadhi, Marios Maroudas, Chiko Otani, J. Alberto Rubiño-Martín, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Michael E. Tobar, Konstantin Zioutas

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Constraints on Galactic Dark Photons from a DALI Prototype

Javier De Miguel, Antonios Gardikiotis, Elvio Hernández-Suárez et al. (+10 more)

An analysis of 36 hours of data from a DALI haloscope reveals no statistically significant excess attributable to dark-photon dark matter. We therefore set new constraints in the 6.88691–6.91792 GHz band, reaching a dark-photon-to-photon kinetic mixing strength of $\chi\lesssim 6.8\times10^{-14}$ at $28.54 \, \mu\mathrm{eV}$. To our knowledge, this result established the strongest laboratory-based exclusion limit in this frequency range.
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All authors Javier De Miguel, Antonios Gardikiotis, Elvio Hernández-Suárez, Roger J. Hoyland, Enrique Joven, Abaz Kryemadhi, Haroldo Lorenzo-Hernández, Marios Maroudas, Chiko Otani, J. Alberto Rubiño-Martín, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Michael E. Tobar, Konstantin Zioutas

High Energy Physics (Experiment)

Search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson in final states with boosted muon pairs and tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration

A search is presented for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson, a, using LHC proton-proton data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis targets the process H $\to$ aa $\to \mu\mu\tau\tau$, where the scalar H can be either the 125 GeV Higgs boson or a heavier state. Because of the large mass difference between H and a, the two tau leptons are highly Lorentz boosted and collimated, often failing standard CMS tau lepton reconstruction. To address this, dedicated ditau reconstruction techniques, including a deep neural network, are developed to improve the efficiency for events in which at least one tau lepton decays to hadrons. No significant excess over the standard model (SM) background is observed. Model-independent upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the product of the Higgs boson production cross section and branching fraction, divided by the SM cross section. For a Higgs boson mass ($m_\mathrm{H}$) equal to 125 GeV, these limits range from 5$\times$10$^{-5}$ to 2.7$\times$10$^{-4}$ for pseudoscalar masses between 3.6 and 21 GeV. For the first time using LHC data, upper limits are also obtained in final states with tau leptons for a hypothetical scalar boson with a mass up to 1 TeV. For $m_\mathrm{H}$ = 1 TeV, the limits range from 3.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ to 1.5$\times$10$^{-3}$ for pseudoscalar masses between 3.6 and 50 GeV. In addition, limits are set for SM extensions involving two-Higgs-doublet plus singlet models for $m_\mathrm{H}$ = 125 GeV, extending previous LHC results.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Observables in exclusive heavy quarkonium electroproduction at NLO and prospects for the EIC

Chris A. Flett

We perform various phenomenological studies of exclusive heavy-quarkonium electroproduction in $ep$ collisions that are relevant for both the existing measurements from HERA and the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We provide quantitative predictions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbative QCD (pQCD) for various observables accessible at HERA for $J/\psi$ electroproduction that serve as valuable benchmarks across a broad range of photon virtualities $Q^2$ and $\gamma^* p$ centre-of-mass energies. We then discuss how the forthcoming EIC will complement existing measurements and end by advocating the need for a dedicated and systematic resummation framework for $J/\psi$ electroproduction at large $Q^2$.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment)

ResoSeg: Resonance Tagger using Transformer and Segment Model

Chunkai Li, Junhao Yin, Ke Li et al. (+1 more)

Deep learning has been widely applied across many areas of experimental high-energy physics, yet existing models address only event-level classification or object tagging and therefore still require reconstruction algorithms tailored to each decay channel. We present the first application of segmentation to resonance tagging at BESIII and introduce ResoSeg, a deep learning model that jointly performs particle-level segmentation and event-level classification, enabling a one-pass analysis of resonance to anything decays while precisely reconstructing the relevant resonance properties. We demonstrate the reconstruction of $\eta_c$ with $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-h_c$, $h_c\to\gamma\eta_c$, $\eta_c\to\text{anything}$. The model is trained on BESIII-$\eta_c$ dataset, which is constructed with per-track true labels obtained via a Truth-Matching Algorithm. Experimental results show that the average combined efficiency of ResoSeg is more than double that of the conventional 16-channel approach across energy points from 4.19 to 4.60\,GeV. The model generalizes to unseen energy points, adapts to other $\eta_c$ production modes through transfer learning, and remains robust against variations in the $\eta_c$ mass, width, and branching fractions, providing a general, resonance-aware model applicable beyond $\eta_c$ and BESIII. The source code is available at https://github.com/oashen/ResoSeg.
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All authors Chunkai Li, Junhao Yin, Ke Li, Jingde Chen

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.acc-ph

Progress in Muon Cooling and Moderation Techniques

Ce Zhang, Kim Siang Khaw and Chris Rogers

Muon beams are essential tools for a wide range of applications such as the search for rare muon decays and muon spectroscopy. However, conventional muon beams produced from pion decay have large emittance and broad momentum spread. Conventional beam-cooling techniques cannot improve the beam quality significantly owing to the 2.2 $\mu$s muon mean lifetime. This has motivated the development of dedicated muon beam cooling and moderation methods. This review surveys the principal approaches, including ionisation cooling for high-brightness muon beams, low-energy muon moderation and frictional cooling for slow muon production, and laser ionisation of thermal muonium for ultra-low-emittance muon sources. The challenges associated with producing slow negative muons and emerging concepts based on cyclotron trapping and muon-catalysed fusion are also discussed. These complementary techniques offer promising pathways towards next-generation muon facilities and precision experiments.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Tensor-polarized twist-3 distribution function $f_{LT}$ of spin-1 deuteron

S. Kumano and Kenshi Kuroki

We investigate the twist-2 and twist-3 tensor-polarized partonic structures of the spin-1 deuteron. Using the operator product expansion with local operators, we derive a Wandzura-Wilczek (WW)-like twist-2 relation between the tensor-polarized twist-2 quark distribution $f_{1LL}$ and the twist-3 distribution $f_{LT}$, together with a Burkhardt-Cottingham (BC)-like sum rule. The local-operator formalism makes the Lorentz structure and rotational invariance manifest and provides useful constraints on the twist-3 sector. We then use a phenomenological parametrization of the twist-2 distribution $f_{1LL}(x)$, constrained by HERMES data on the deuteron structure function $b_1$ at $Q^2=2.5~\text{GeV}^2$, to quantitatively estimate the twist-3 distribution $f_{LT}(x)$ within the WW approximation. The resulting $f_{LT}(x)$ has a shape and magnitude comparable to those of $f_{1LL}(x)$, indicating that subleading-twist effects may be relevant for future experiments at relatively low $Q^2$. In this contribution, we summarize the theoretical derivation of the WW-like relation and BC-like sum rule and present a phenomenological estimate of the tensor-polarized twist-3 quark distribution $f_{LT}$ in the deuteron.
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Thursday 10 September

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from quant-ph

Comment on arXiv:2510.21705 "Fundamental Impossibility of a Superradiant Neutrino Laser" and comment on arXiv:2510.21692 "Can Bose-Einstein Condensates Enhance Radioactive Decay?"

Ralph G. DeVoe

We show that the small value of the neutrino cross-section rules out superradiance in the laboratory.

High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from hep-ph

Radiative corrections to weak interaction processes

Chien-Yeah Seng

The search for physics beyond the Standard Model in low-energy weak interaction processes requires a precise knowledge of the Standard Model background at tree- and loop-level. In many such cases, radiative corrections represent one of the major sources of theory uncertainty due to the non-perturbative structures of nucleon or nuclei. In this review, I discuss several modern strategies based on dispersion relation, lattice gauge theory and nuclear many-body calculations to pin down the hadronic and nuclear uncertainties in the radiative corrections to low-energy weak interaction processes such as beta decays and parity-violating electron-nucleus scattering.
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High Energy Physics (Experiment) · Cross-listed from physics.ins-det

Fast BIB simulation at a future Muon Collider with generative machine learning

Radha Mastandrea, Shiyu Peng, Benjamin Rosser et al. (+1 more)

Beam-induced background (BIB) from muon decay products will be an overwhelming and unavoidable background at a future Muon Collider. In order to develop robust event reconstruction algorithms, we need large amounts of accurate BIB simulation to test on. BIB simulation is currently compute-limited: the simulated sample presently used for BIB overlay, which statistically represents approximately $10\%$ of a single unique event's worth of simulated BIB, requires on the order of $10^6$ HS23$\cdot$hours to generate and occupies approximately $100$ GB on disk. In this work, we develop the first machine learning models for fast BIB generation in tracking detectors. We consider two classes of architectures: a slower but higher-fidelity tabular diffusion model, and a faster but lower fidelity circular spline flow model. We find that both classes of architectures produce BIB hits and tracks that closely resemble those of available full simulation hits and tracks, and that the machine learning models can produce BIB in over an order of magnitude less time than what is needed to produce full simulation BIB. We release the model weights with the paper so that the Muon Collider community can use these fast BIB hits for future R&D.
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All authors Radha Mastandrea, Shiyu Peng, Benjamin Rosser, Matt LeBlanc