Papers

A new approach for growing crystalline thin films is developed that takes advantage of electron beam radiolysis being a constructive force to rearrange atoms into a crystalline structure. It is demonstrated that by irradiating the surface of a TiO2 film by an electron beam supplied by a reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) gun inside the MBE chamber during growth, a crystalline film can be grown at much lower substrate temperatures, where deposited films typically appear amorphous. Here, rutile TiO2 films were grown using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) allowing atomic level control of growth as well as an observation of radiolysis-driven crystallization. Analysis was carried out using a combination of SEM and atomic-resolution STEM imaging. It is also shown that by tuning the temperature of the substrate and the dose of the electron beam, the degree of crystallinity of the film can be controlled.

We employ polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations to study the sodium-ion lattice dynamics in a sodium zig-zag ordered cobaltate compound Na$_{0.5}$CoO$_2$. We detect two sodium phonon modes for the first time, and their mode frequencies are consistent with first-principles phonon calculations based on an orthorhombic unit cell. We find that they appear below around $T^*\sim300\pm50$K with large linewidth broadening, much lower than the sodium zig-zag ordering temperature $T_\text{S}\sim460$K, and then narrow at lower temperatures. We interpret the sodium-phonon anomalies occurring at $T^*$ as a dynamical-to-static crossover involving mainly the motion of sodium ions. Our results suggest that the gradual freezing of the sodium ions and the well-defined static sodium-zigzag order below $T^*$ set the stage for the emergent electronic and magnetic orders in the CoO$_2$ layer of Na$_{0.5}$CoO$_2$.

In this work, the effect of partial substitution of Mn by Ni on the structural and electronic properties of kesterite systems Cu2NiXY4 (X = Sn, Ge, Si; Y = S, Se) was studied using density functional theory (DFT). The mBJ+U method was used to characterize the bandgap more accurately. To the best of our knowledge, a systematic comparative study of Mn substitution in the entire Cu2NiXY4 (X = Sn, Ge, Si; Y = S, Se) family has not been previously performed. Due to crystallographic constraints of the kesterite unit cell, the substitution of a single Ni atom with Mn corresponds to 50%. This configuration was chosen to study the effect of Mn substitution on the structural and electronic properties of Cu2NiXY4 (X = Sn, Ge, Si; Y = S, Se) compounds, whereas the study of lower concentrations requires the use of a supercell and is the subject of further research. The calculation results show that the partial substitution of Ni with Mn preserves the tetragonal structure of kesterite and significantly alters the electronic structure. In all the compounds studied, the bandgap decreases from 1.028-3.397 to 1.007-3.333 eV. For example, in the Cu2NiSnS4 system, the bandgap width decreases from 1.59 eV to 1.49 eV. The narrowing of the bandgap results from hybridization between the Mn-3d, Cu-3d, and S/Se-p orbitals near the band edges, leading to a redistribution of electronic states around the Fermi level. The results demonstrate that Mn substitution is an effective strategy for controlling the electronic properties of Cu2NiXY4 kesterites, offering great promise for use in optoelectronic devices where adjustable bandgaps are required.

Using a few concrete examples this paper has demonstrated a few observations on using the partial-structure R1 (pR1) to assemble small-molecule crystal structures. (1) Assembling can start with orienting and/or placing large fragments or small fragments containing heavy atom(s). (2) It is handy to attach a fragment to a partial model as only the orientation needs to be optimized. (3) In a structure containing heavy atoms it is impossible to directly calculate the orientations of a light-atom-only fragment. Instead, it is necessary to use residual reflection intensities in which the contribution of the partial model containing all heavy atoms is deducted away. These observations indicate that pR1 is a useful tool for solving some small-molecule crystal structures.

Scalable quantum computing is limited by the dense network of electrical interconnects linking cryogenic quantum processors to room-temperature control electronics. To overcome this bottleneck, considerable effort has focused on cryogenic CMOS electronics and microwave-to-optical transduction, aiming to reduce wiring complexity and thermal loading. Wireless interconnects have recently emerged as a promising complementary approach, yet their compatibility with superconducting quantum hardware remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the wireless excitation of a superconducting microwave resonator of the type routinely employed for qubit readout, operating at millikelvin temperatures inside a dilution refrigerator. By directly comparing wired and wireless operation within the same cryogenic environment, we show that wireless coupling preserves the intrinsic resonator response while revealing parasitic electromagnetic pathways arising from stray radiation within the cryostat enclosure. These results establish a framework for the co-design of wireless interconnects, cryogenic packaging and superconducting quantum hardware.

In this work, we numerically studied the cooling process of a Fermi–Pasta–Ulam system, which occurs when the FPU system is placed in contact with a gas whose temperature $T$ is reduced with a certain cooling rate $\xi$. It was found that the existence of a weak stochastic threshold has a significant impact on the cooling process, because below such a stochastic threshold the specific FPU energy is larger than its temperature, i.e., the FPU system falls out of equilibrium. The difference remains finite in the limit $T \to 0$, so that the FPU system maintains a residual amount of energy $E_0$ at vanishing temperature. Our numerical simulations reveal that this energy exhibits a power–law dependence on both the system size and the cooling rate, scaling approximately as $E_{0} \sim (\xi N)^{2/3}$.

We study strongly correlated many-body states in alternating twisted trilayer and tetralayer MoTe$_{2}$. By sliding the top layer with respect to others and applying a perpendicular electric field, a variety of band structures can be realized. In many cases, the topmost hole band has unity Chern number and its quantum geometric properties can be tuned to some extent. Exact diagonalizations suggest that fractional Chern insulators are stabilized in certain parameter regimes but not in some regimes even when the band is topological. This contrast is attributed primarily to different quantum geometries as quantified by the trace condition. Our results demonstrate that sliding can serve as a useful knob for probing many-body states in moiré systems.

Recrystallization in disordered solids proceeds through a sequence of local structural rearrangements that are difficult to resolve using conventional diffraction analysis. In amorphous and partially ordered materials, subtle variations in diffuse scattering, short-range order, and defect-mediated symmetry emergence encode the pathways through which ordering initiates and propagates. Here, we introduce a latent space framework for mapping these pathways directly from in situ 4D-STEM diffraction data. A convolutional autoencoder provides a compact representation of structural motifs, and unsupervised clustering identifies recurring microstructural states, including amorphous, paracrystalline, crystalline, twinned, and hybrid intermediates. By tracking these states across temperature, we construct phase trajectory models that reveal the topology of the recrystallization landscape, including metastable basins, branching pathways, hybrid states, and temperature-dependent reorganizations of accessible states. Applied to ion irradiated GaAs, this approach uncovers two distinct recrystallization regimes separated by a transition near 250\textdegree{}C. At low temperature, recrystallization is growth-dominated and dominated by the persistence of amorphous and crystalline states. At high temperature, the transformation landscape reorganizes: hybrid and faulted states become metastable precursors to twinning, polycrystalline regions stabilize, and twinned structures emerge as dominant end states. The latent space representation also identifies amorphous patterns with weak symmetry signatures that precede recrystallization. This reveals structural precursors to ordering that are not captured by conventional descriptors give new insights into how recrystallization is initiated.

We investigate the single-particle momentum distribution, the two-body contact and three-body tail coefficients of mass-imbalanced three-body systems at the critical dimension $D_c$, where the transition between discrete and continuous scale invariance takes place as the spatial dimension is tuned between three and two dimensions. We show that the asymptotic momentum distribution at $D_c$ is governed by a distinct logarithmic scaling structure, which differs fundamentally from both the log-periodic behavior of Efimov states and the power-law scaling of the unatomic regime. This structure contains an additional quadratic-logarithmic contribution, characterized by the asymptotic coefficient $C_3''$, which leads to a finite and well-defined description of the momentum tail at the transition. The coefficient $C_3''$ depends sensitively on the mass imbalance, changing sign across different mass configurations and vanishing for identical particles. For heavy-light-light configurations, the subleading three-body term vanishes at a characteristic momentum, leaving the leading two-body contribution at the order retained in the asymptotic expansion. The physical accessibility of this cancellation depends on the separation between the trimer size and the interaction range. We further analyze the narrow intermediate region connecting the Efimov and unatomic regimes, here identified as an intermediate scaling regime, whose extent and properties are strongly controlled by the mass ratio. These results establish the critical dimension as a regime with emergent scaling properties and provide quantitative momentum-space signatures for probing the transition between discrete and continuous scale invariance in few-body quantum systems.

For charged particles, their orbital angular momentum (OAM) in solid have a direct magnetic manifestation as an orbital magnetization. For charge-neutral particles, however, the physical manifestation of the OAM in solid remains unclear. Here, we show that a charge-neutral particle carrying a magnetic moment couples to electric-field gradient through the Aharonov-Casher (AC) effect, thereby exhibiting the electric quadrupole in crystalline solids. This AC-induced electric quadrupole (AC-EQ) contains the scalar, toroidal dipole, and reduced quadrupole components, which are conjugate to the divergence, circulation, and shear of the electric field, respectively. As representative examples, we calculate the AC-EQ of magnons in two magnetic systems. In ferromagnetic pyrochlore, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) induces a sizable AC-EQ, whereas in helical Fe langasite the AC-EQ emerges from the helical spin configuration even in the absence of DMI.

We develop a microscopic constitutive theory for the nonlinear deformation of metallic and polymer glasses based on nonaffine elasticity coupled to irreversible many-body relaxation. The theory predicts the full stress–strain response, from linear elasticity through stress overshoot and yielding to steady plastic flow. We show that stress overshoot originates from the competition between a nonaffine elastic instability induced by strain-driven loss of mechanical connectivity at the atomic/molecular level, and viscous dissipation associated with structural relaxation. For polymer glasses, finite chain extensibility naturally accounts for strain hardening at large deformation. The stretched-exponential relaxation exponent is obtained independently from stress or modulus relaxation measurements and provides the primary dynamical input to the theory. Using a small set of physically meaningful parameters, the model quantitatively reproduces experimental stress–strain curves for metallic glasses, polycarbonate, PMMA, and epoxy resins over a broad range of strain rates. These results establish a unified microscopic framework linking relaxation dynamics, yielding, plastic flow, and strain hardening in amorphous solids.

Emerging sustainable materials increasingly rely on engineered hierarchy and microstructure to achieve control of their properties and mechanical behavior. Optimizing these materials with controllable microstructures requires efficient multiscale simulations. Data-driven surrogate models for the microscale can accelerate multiscale simulations, but require large amounts of data even for a fixed microstructure. When a range of microstructures is considered, as is the case in multiscale optimization, even more data is needed to train a surrogate. To overcome this challenge, we condition a hybrid physics-data surrogate on microstructural variables using a hypernetwork. This approach enables accurate predictions of multiscale mechanical behavior for a mycelium-woodchip composite material, even when trained on small datasets. The conditioned surrogate makes multiscale simulations of functionally graded structures tractable, and we validate it against a full FE^2 simulation. We optimize a graded multiscale disk, and reduce the peak stress by 43% compared to one with a random microstructure. Then, we go one step further, conditioning the network directly on manufacturing variables that can have a complex influence on the microstructure. This is a practical route to engineer the microscale for desired macroscale behavior. This contribution highlights the benefits of microarchitectured structures and demonstrates how conditioned surrogate models enable their multiscale optimization, which will accelerate the development and design of future sustainable materials and structures.

Magnetization control via magnetic octupole injection has recently been proposed for a new class of centrosymmetric antiferromagnets, namely $d$-wave altermagnets, where the magnetic octupole is the lowest-rank magnetic multipole allowed by symmetry and serves as an alternative carrier to spin injection. In contrast, in noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnets, the magnetic quadrupole (MQ) constitutes the lowest-rank symmetry-allowed magnetic multipole, suggesting that MQ currents can provide an efficient route toward magnetization control through MQ injection. Here, we establish the symmetry conditions for MQ-current generation by constructing the multipole representation of the MQ conductivity tensor and show that MQ currents are generically allowed in noncentrosymmetric crystallographic point groups. As a representative example, we demonstrate MQ-current generation in the linear-response regime associated with symmetry lowering from the centrosymmetric point group ($mmm$) to its noncentrosymmetric subgroup ($mm2$). Furthermore, we reveal MQ accumulation near sample edges, analogous to spin accumulation induced by the spin Hall effect. This edge accumulation provides direct evidence of MQ-current generation and constitutes a key prerequisite for realizing MQ injection and MQ-based magnetization control in noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnets.

Stoner instabilities for fermions with repulsive interaction have been well studied within the mean-field (ladder) approximation. In this study, we consider two-dimensional electronic systems with one or two valleys and discuss a Stoner transition beyond the ladder approximation. At weak coupling, the corrections to the ladder approximation come predominantly from the renormalization of the particle-hole vertex in the particle-particle channel, and the lowest-order corrections are logarithmically singular in the low-density limit. To investigate the problem beyond the lowest order, we apply the diagrammatic Monte Carlo algorithm and treat ladder and non-ladder renormalizations on equal footing. We find that in a one-valley system, a Stoner transition to a ferromagnetism occurs at low density only if there is a cutoff on the momentum transfer carried by the interaction. In a two-valley system, the restriction is less severe. Here we find either a direct Stoner transition into a spin- and valley-polarized state, or a set of two Stoner transitions via an intermediate valley-polarized state. The pathway is controlled by the anisotropy of the fermionic dispersion.

Nucleation of vortex-antivortex pairs (VAPs) is believed to play a central role in the photon detection mechanism of superconducting detectors; however, their direct dynamic observation has remained challenging. Here, we report the direct observation of photon-induced VAP dynamics in a current-carrying superconductor as quantized voltage signals following photon absorption. The observed signals are interpreted as discrete phase-slip events, where each vortex traversal induces a 2-pi phase change of the superconducting order parameter, resulting in a quantized voltage pulse whose time integral is given by the magnetic flux quantum. We analyze the resulting quantized signals as a function of bias current, base temperature, and input photon-number states, and find that the number of VAPs generated per absorbed photon becomes effectively stabilized under specific conditions. Under these conditions, we demonstrate photon-number-resolving capability by directly counting phase-slip-induced voltage quanta. Our results reveal a detection mechanism governed by phase dynamics rather than conventional resistive transitions. We further show that photon-number resolution emerges when the fluctuation of photon-induced vortex-antivortex pair generation becomes statistically suppressed. These findings establish a new route toward photon-number-resolving detection based on phase-slip counting and open opportunities for high-speed superconducting detectors for quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies.

The practical application of BaCeO$_3$-based electrolytes is limited by their poor chemical stability in proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. Commonly employed B-site doping strategies typically improve proton transport with limited improvement in stability. Recent experiments show that A-site Ca doping can simultaneously enhance both properties. Here, through first-principles calculations and mechanistic analysis of Ca-doped BaCeO$_3$, we identify the synergistic roles of small-radius, high-electronegativity A-site dopants in governing proton transport and chemical stability in perovskite electrolytes. We show that the higher electronegativity of A-site dopant weakens the A-O ionic bonding, facilitating oxygen-vacancy formation and enhancing proton uptake by increasing the basicity. This weakened A-O interaction also suppresses the formation of impurity phases and reduces the adsorption strength of acidic gases such as CO$_2$ and SO$_2$. The lattice contraction induced by the smaller ionic radius improves thermal stability and can enhance proton diffusion in systems where proton transfer is the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, we find that Ca surface segregation can mitigate grain-boundary resistance effects. Our results demonstrate the advantages of A-site Ca doping in Ba-based electrolytes, clarify the mechanisms by which small-radius, high-electronegativity dopants influence proton transport and chemical stability, and provide guidance for the design of high-performance proton-conducting electrolytes.

We investigate the polarization of the ordered moments and low-energy spin fluctuations in the spin supersolid state of the S = 1/2 triangular-lattice easy-axis antiferromagnet K2Co(SeO3)2 using neutron scattering. The supersolid order develops through successive BKT transitions: the longitudinal order appears at higher temperature, while the transverse component associated with the Bose-Einstein condensate emerges only below a lower-temperature transition accompanied by a change in the interlayer correlations. At the lowest measured temperature, the transverse ordered moment reaches only 11% of the longitudinal component. Moreover, the low-energy spin fluctuations are found to be predominantly longitudinal in character. These results provide direct evidence that the supersolid ground state survives even in the near-Ising regime and exhibits longitudinal low-energy dynamics, imposing stringent constraints on microscopic theories of triangular-lattice XXZ antiferromagnets.

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have enormous potential applications in many fields due to their unique layered structure and excellent properties. Compared with three-dimensional bulk materials, layered systems are coupled by weak van der Waals interactions between layers, endowing them with much higher structural compressibility, particularly along the interlayer direction, which is more sensitive to external pressure. High pressure can expand the accessible phase space, enabling the synthesis of new materials or the retention of metastable phases. On the microscopic level, pressure can significantly tune the interlayer structure and interactions, induce changes in the electronic structure, and consequently give rise to a variety of rich physical properties. This article systematically introduces in situ high-pressure experimental approaches, including diamond anvil cells combined with X-ray and spectroscopic techniques, high-pressure magnetic transport measurements, and emerging NV-center quantum sensing. It further reviews representative pressure-induced phenomena and underlying tuning mechanisms in layered magnetic materials, such as high-spin to low-spin transitions of transition-metal ions and the accompanying structural phase transitions and superconductivity; substantial enhancement of the Curie temperature and continuous switching of magnetocrystalline anisotropy; and antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transitions achieved by modulating exchange interactions or via stacking engineering. Finally, we discuss future directions, including synergistic multi-field control by combining pressure with electric fields and twisted heterostructures, as well as strategies such as pressure quenching to retain high-pressure metastable magnetic phases at ambient conditions.

Rydberg and Rydberg-dressed atomic gases have recently emerged as a promising quantum simulator for a variety of models in condensed matter physics. Here we investigate one-dimensional bosons with soft-core Rydberg-dressed interactions using exact path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The finite-range and the negative Fourier component of the interaction potential generate a roton mode at finite momentum, while particle-hole backscattering processes enhance the susceptibility of one-dimensional systems at twice the Fermi momentum. The competition between the corresponding length scales yields a rich phase diagram, featuring a conventional Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) regime, a beyond-TLL regime, and commensurate cluster phases. In the TLL regime, the system transitions from Lieb-Liniger-like bnehavior with Luttinger parameter $K>1$ to hard-rod-like behavior with $K<1$, with a quasi-supersolid phase emerging for $K < 1/2$. For strong interactions and high densities, deviations from TLL theory appear as precursors for the onset of cluster phases, where particles aggregate into stable clusters of several particles. The properties of each phase is discussed in detail.

We investigate a spatially constrained coevolving nonlinear voter model. Using a random geometric graph, we constrain the interaction range of voter dynamics. If local rewiring is not possible, the discordant link is deleted. Our results reveal absorbing states that differ not only in magnetization and activity, but also in mean degree and spatial state organization. By exploring dynamical and structural observables, we found that distinct regimes from the existing coevolving nonlinear voter model are characterized by a reduced consensus region, spatially segregated fragmentation, and isolated node formation. Additionally, we develop a phenomenological description of the evolution of the mean degree and terminal non-conserved quantities that is consistent with the numerical results. Our model highlights how local geometric accessibility reshapes the structure of the absorbing states.

The conventional characterization of topological materials relies on topological invariants calculated from the entire set of occupied bands. However, when a system possesses rotational symmetry, the occupied Hilbert space can be decomposed into multiple subspaces labeled by distinct rotation eigenvalues. We show that this decomposition reveals hidden topological states characterized by a novel $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$ topological invariant, where $n$ is the number of subspaces, while the conventional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant may fail to detect the topology hidden in the rotation subspaces. Remarkably, time-reversal symmetry pairs conjugate rotation eigenvalues and guarantees that the two subspaces have the same $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariants, making the topology always hidden from the conventional global invariant. We formulate the theory of rotation-subspace topology and demonstrate its material realization in bulk CsCl. Using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we show that bulk CsCl, which is diagnosed as topologically trivial by the conventional approach, features a nontrivial $\mathbb{Z}_2^3$ invariant along the $\Gamma$-R path and a nontrivial $\mathbb{Z}_2^4$ invariant along the $\Gamma$-Z and M-R paths, leading to double Weyl points on the (111) and (001) surfaces, respectively. The subspace $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$ invariant proposed here serves as a necessary refinement for symmetry-protected topological phases and will facilitate the identification of a large class of topological states overlooked by existing diagnostics.

We study finite spin-$\tfrac12$ rings with nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange, Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction, and an external magnetic field. We introduce an interpolation parameter between the fully quantum Hamiltonian and a state-dependent mean-field description. Using dissipative Gisin–Schrödinger dynamics, we analyze the resulting quantum–classical crossover through local magnetization, connected spin correlations, single-site entropy, and the saturation field of the fully polarized state.

We theoretically study emergent electromagnetic responses in Weyl semimetals. Focusing on magnetic Weyl semimetals, we develop a general theory of emergent induction driven by magnetic dynamics. We show that magnetoelectric (ME) responses in Weyl semimetals give rise to emergent induction mediated by magnetization dynamics. Using effective two-band models for magnetic Weyl semimetals, we derive a formula for the ME response that includes both intraband and interband contributions. The resulting formula shows that the intraband contribution is proportional to the relaxation time $\tau$, whereas the interband contribution is associated with the separation of the Weyl nodes. Applying the general formula to a model of polar Weyl ferromagnets, we demonstrate that the dynamics of the toroidal moment is closely related to the emergent inductive response in polar Weyl ferromagnets, as recently discovered by Suzuki et al. [Y. Suzuki et al. arXiv:2607.12322]. The chemical-potential dependence of the inductance indicates that the emergent electromagnetic response is enhanced in the energy range of the Weyl dispersion, reflecting the topological nature of Weyl semimetals.

Topological structuring of light inevitably leverages on optical coherence to ensure that the imparted spatial phases are preserved, requiring highly coherent sources or coherence engineering embedded in the design. Now we show that thermal light can be spatially engineered to carry optical topologies in the form of Skyrmions. Such topologies are immune to time averaged decoherence, a fact we leverage on in reverse to create metasurface mediated incoherent topologies from a thermal source. The pristine nature of our measured Skyrmions validates the approach, while simulations reveal how coherence management in the metasurface design would further enhance the functionality. Remarkably, the generation stage inherits robustness from the topology, remaining immune to material and fabrication defects. Our work reports the first topologies from purely thermal light, opening a path to exploiting topology in ubiquitous everyday light sources.

Twisting a van der Waals bilayer changes not only the moiré periodicity but also the local stacking and interlayer hybridization. Here, we show, using fully relaxed first-principles calculations including spin–orbit coupling, band unfolding, and Brillouin-zone-integrated densities of states, that bilayer PtTe$_2$ exhibits a non-monotonic evolution between gapless and gapped electronic regimes. The $7.34^\circ$ structure remains gapless, whereas finite direct gaps appear at the sampled intermediate angles. The gap closes at the sampled $60^\circ$ configuration and reopens at higher angles. The direct gap shows an overall increase with the minimum local interlayer Pt–Pt separation, although the complete distribution of local stacking environments is required to account for deviations from this trend. At $7.34^\circ$, the low-energy states are concentrated predominantly in the AA-like regions of the otherwise gapless moiré cell. Controlled interlayer-separation scans show that increasing the layer spacing removes the near-$E_F$ crossings and opens a gap, consistent with weakened interlayer Te-$p_z$ hybridization. These results identify the redistribution of interlayer hybridization as the microscopic origin of the re-entrant gap evolution in twisted bilayer PtTe$_2$.

Accurate constitutive modeling of hot deformation behavior is essential for designing thermomechanical processes in advanced structural alloys. Conventional Arrhenius-type and empirical models do not adequately capture the combined effects of strain hardening, dynamic recovery (DRV), and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) across broad processing conditions. In this study, two Stacked Residual Physics-Informed Neural Networks (STAR-PINNs) were developed to simulate the hot deformation response of a Mo-rich $\alpha+\beta$ titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4Mo-1V-0.1Si). The Enhanced STAR-PINN incorporated thermomechanical constitutive constraints, while the DRX-Aware STAR-PINN employed a dual-output architecture to account for recrystallization kinetics. Both models used a shared residual encoder trained on experimental flow stress data collected at temperatures from 800 to 1050 degrees C and strain rates between 0.01 and 10 per second. Physics-informed constraints, including thermal softening, strain-rate sensitivity, strain hardening, and post-peak softening, were enforced through automatic differentiation. The DRX-Aware model further integrated JMAK-Avrami regularization, DRX saturation constraints, and Arrhenius-based consistency with tunable parameters, directly linking the predicted DRX fraction to stress output via latent-feature fusion. The DRX-Aware STAR-PINN achieved RMSE = 11.62 MPa, MAE = 4.73 MPa, R^2 = 0.9852, and a cross-validated RMSE of 12.74 +/- 0.38 MPa. The learned JMAK parameters converged to k = 2.03 and n = 1.99, remaining close to the conventional values while being inferred directly from the data. The model effectively mirrored flow curves influenced by temperature, DRX development, and Zener Hollomon correlations under interpolation scenarios while preserving physically coherent constitutive behavior.

Levitating electron qubit on the surface of solid neon has recently emerged as a promising and intrinsically noise-resilient platform for quantum information processing. Their ultra-clean, inert environment suppresses conventional decoherence pathways associated with lattice disorder, charge traps, and nuclear-spin baths that limit coherence in semiconductor qubits. Yet, uncontrolled surface features such as bumps, valleys, and electrode-defined gaps can bind electrons unintentionally, contributing charge noise and inducing spin-orbit coupling mediated decoherence. To address this challenge, we propose an engineered interface in which a dielectric layer is deposited beneath the solid neon to provide an atomically smooth template, eliminating surface-roughness induced trapping. By selectively etching this dielectric layer at desired qubit locations, deterministic potential minima can be engineered to reliably capture electrons while suppressing unwanted surface bound states. We perform large-scale Schrodinger and Poisson simulation to compare the existing and proposed strategies of electron trapping on neon, obtaining good agreement with recent experimental measurements.

The Hatsugai-Kohmoto (HK) model has recently been identified as a fixed-point description of Mottness that is stable against perturbing local interactions. This raises a natural question beyond the weak-perturbation regime: how does a finite local repulsion modify HK physics in real-space observables and local spectra? We address this question in a half-filled one-dimensional spinful fermion chain, where the HK interaction is supplemented by an onsite Hubbard repulsion. Using exact diagonalization in an open chain, we compute ground-state correlation functions and site-resolved local spectra. We find that the Hubbard term does not drive the system away from the HK-dominated regime. Instead, at moderate $U_{\rm HK}$, a finite $U_{\rm Hub}$ promotes the emergence of behavior characteristic of the pure HK chain at larger $U_{\rm HK}$. This Hubbard-assisted strong-HK response is reflected consistently in the development of positive spin correlations, the suppression of single-particle coherence, the impurity-induced redistribution of local spectral weight, and the evolution of pairing correlations. As a control perturbation, we replace the onsite Hubbard interaction by a nearest-neighbor (NN) density interaction. In contrast to the Hubbard case, the HK and NN interactions display competing tendencies and do not reproduce the same strong-HK behavior. These results provide a nonperturbative real-space complement to the fixed-point stability of HK physics and show that the effect of an additional repulsive interaction depends sensitively on its spatial structure.

The mechanism governing the resistivity in dilute Cu-3d transition-metal alloys at ambient temperature – the regime relevant to most practical applications and distinct from the low-temperature, Kondo-screened regime addressed by earlier theoretical work – is investigated using first-principles calculations based on the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent potential approximation combined with the Kubo–Greenwood formalism. The paramagnetic state is described within the disordered local moment (DLM) framework, corresponding to a local-moment paramagnet rather than a Pauli paramagnet. We show that the experimentally observed resistivity trends are reproduced only within the DLM description, while nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic states fail to capture the correct element dependence. Contrary to conventional interpretations based on the density of states at the Fermi level, the resistivity exhibits a strong correlation with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Bloch spectral function (BSF) on the Fermi surface. This correlation reflects the disorder-induced lifetime broadening of electronic states, directly related to the scattering rate that governs electrical resistivity. A common power-law scaling between resistivity and BSF broadening is identified across different magnetic states. These results demonstrate that the resistivity is governed by disorder-induced band broadening in momentum space rather than by local density-of-states effects, providing a unified microscopic interpretation of the breakdown of Linde's rule in Cu-based alloys.

We combine first-principles density-functional theory, Berry-curvature analysis, semiclassical Boltzmann transport, and atomistic spin dynamics to establish hexagonal NiS as a compensated 3d altermagnetic semimetal in which topology, magnetism, and lattice dynamics are intrinsically intertwined. The rotational coset symmetry of the NiAs lattice produces momentum-dependent spin splitting characteristic of altermagnetism. With spin-orbit coupling, gapped Dirac-like crossings generate intense Berry-curvature hot spots and nearly compensated electron-hole pockets. This leads to a large and anisotropic intrinsic spin Hall conductivity comparable to that of several 4d, 5d metals, a symmetry-allowed anomalous Hall response despite zero net magnetization, and nonsaturating magnetoresistance exceeding 10000 percent. On the magnetic side, first-principles determination of the exchange tensor reveals dominant long-range superexchange and sizable anisotropic interactions, quantitatively reproducing the experimental Neel temperature. Our results identify NiS as a model 3d platform in which carrier compensation, altermagnetic symmetry, Berry-curvature driven transport, and lattice-sensitive magnetism coexist within a single symmetry framework, offering a design principle for multi-functional quantum responses in correlated transition-metal compounds.