Papers

Techniques from glass art and fabrication provide a controllable physical platform for studying tissue mechanics in simple organisms. Here, we use glass-based physical models to investigate tissue deformation in the marine organism Trichoplax adhaerens. Previous studies have shown that the epithelial tissues in T. adhaerens undergo large deformations and form fracture holes under mechanical loading, exhibiting a ductile-to-brittle transition at fast loading rates. To model these behaviors in a tunable and experimentally accessible system, glass is shaped into tissue-like monolayers in a glass studio, heated to its specific process temperature, and subjected to controlled stretching. Rapid cooling arrests the deformed configurations, providing snapshots of tissue-like strain states under load. Under lateral and radial stretching, we quantify changes in the area and eccentricity of individual "cells" in the glass models, and found that eccentricity increases after stretching. We further use tensegrity-based models to quantify deformations in the cellular geometry of the glass tissues, enabling direct comparison between experiments and simulations. The model captures the principal experimental deformation patterns, but underestimates the magnitude of the observed eccentricity changes. Our results demonstrate that glass-based physical models provide an experimentally accessible platform for studying tissue-scale deformation and mechanical behavior, while supporting interdisciplinary approaches that connect methods in the arts and sciences.

This work is devoted to data-driven identification of discrete breathers in numerical simulations of a two-dimensional crystal lattice using locally sampled wave data. Different lattice wave datasets are considered, with data collected from regions of different shapes and sizes defined by the lattice particles in mechanical equilibrium. Specifically, in addition to regions with a regular hexagonal shape, one- and quasi-one-dimensional regions reflecting the quasi-one-dimensionality of discrete breathers in two-dimensional hexagonal crystal lattices are proposed. To improve numerical efficiency, dataset dimensionality is reduced using Principal Component Analysis, and highly accurate Support Vector Machine classifiers are trained to distinguish between linear and nonlinear wave data. The obtained classifiers, together with the sliding window method, are applied to detect localization regions in two-dimensional hexagonal crystal lattice numerical simulations. High-precision algorithms for detected localization region segmentation and localized wave directionality estimation within the detected regions are further proposed, and their performance is evaluated. The presented methods are successfully applied to detect localized waves and their collision regions, as well as their directionality, performing a numerical study of stationary and traveling two-dimensional discrete breather interactions. Qualitatively better results are obtained when considering wave-data collection regions respecting the quasi-one-dimensional nature of two-dimensional discrete breathers in the hexagonal crystal lattice model.

Quantum optimization offers a route to searching the large defect-configuration spaces that arise in materials design. We develop an end-to-end, constraint-aware quantum optimization workflow for composition-defect search in a doped ZrO2 thermal-barrier-coating (TBC) material system, using a MACE-MPA-0 energy dataset to fit a 24-variable QUBO over 8 cation-occupation and 16 oxygen-vacancy variables with exactly two rare-earth substitutions and one oxygen vacancy, yielding 448 feasible configurations. The QUBO surrogate reproduces the MACE energies with held-out R2 = 0.997 (full-data R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 17 meV). We validate two complementary quantum pathways against exact enumeration: a constraint-preserving XY-mixer QAOA that confines sampling to the feasible subspace and places 86% of probability mass within 1 meV of the MACE optimum at depth p = 3, and a fault-tolerant constrained Grover Adaptive Search oracle with explicit fixed-point arithmetic, branch-safe comparison, feasibility checking, and phase kickback. Across threshold cases, the validated oracle uses 324 high-level logical qubits, or 352 to 358 with conservative clean-ancilla v-chain accounting, and requires 3.6 to 4.3 x 104 Toffoli gates per Grover (GAS) iteration. An idealized feasible-space amplification estimate suggests up to a 240x reduction in total Toffoli cost relative to the full 224 occupation space, providing a resource-estimation bridge between materials-informed QUBO modeling, constraint-aware QAOA, and fault-tolerant threshold search.

We present a gauge-theoretic formulation of Nambu non-equilibrium thermodynamics (NNET) within a common gauge-fixed worldline framework. In this formulation, the generalized thermodynamic force is described by an Abelian thermodynamic connection, and ordinary Onsager dynamics is recovered by fixing its temporal component through the dissipation function. To extend this construction to NNET, we introduce a closed two-form as additional geometric input. This form determines a divergence-free Nambu vector field and thereby defines a characteristic direction on the extended thermodynamic state space. The Onsager gauge condition is then generalized so that the dissipative gauge fixing is imposed along this Nambu characteristic direction. The resulting constitutive relation reproduces the basic NNET evolution equation, combining nondissipative Nambu circulation with dissipative Onsager relaxation. We further show that the localized BF-type expression is not an independent pre-gauge-fixed action, but a differential-form representation of the Nambu-adapted gauge-fixed worldline theory. The Faddeev–Popov operator associated with the BRST gauge fixing becomes, on shell, the negative of the material derivative along the full NNET flow, and its time-independent zero-mode profiles satisfy the same equation as first integrals of the deterministic dynamics. Finite residual transformations obey a Hamilton–Jacobi equation governed by the same Onsager tensor, implying that the gauge parameter is nonincreasing along the original NNET flow. These results provide a unified geometric interpretation of Onsager dissipation and Nambu dynamics within a single gauge-fixing framework.

Polycrystalline samples of LaMn1-xCoxO3 series over a wide compositional range (x = 0.1 - 0.9) were synthesized by microwave irradiation of oxide precursors and their magnetic and magnetostrictive properties were investigated. Magnetostrictions parallel (l_par) and perpendicular (l_per) to the applied magnetic field were measured to estimate anisotropic(l_anis) and volume magnetostrictions(l_vol). In all the compositions, l-par (l_per) is negative (positive) and (l_anis) >> (l_vol), suggesting dominance of anisotropic lattice distortion under a magnetic field. The value of l_anis at 10 K for H = 50 kOe initially increases with x from 178 ppm for x = 0.1 to a maximum of 1221 ppm at x = 0.5 before decreasing for higher x. The composition dependence of magnetostriction is asymmetric about x = 0.5, the decrease for x > 0.5 is more steeper than for x < 0.5 whereas saturation magnetization decreases monotonically with increasing x except for an abrupt change at x = 0.6. The largest anisotropic magnetostriction observed for x = 0.5 is attributed to the presence of high-spin Co2+ ions with a non-zero orbital moment in the maximum fraction whereas Mn3+/4+ or Co3+ ions play minor roles. The composition dependence of magnetostriction is suggested to arise from changes in the structure, valence states of Mn and Co ions and magnetic interactions among them.

Periodic micro-pillar lattices integrated on elastic substrates provide a promising plat-form for controlling elastic-wave propagation through localized resonant interactions. In this work, defect-engineered resonant transmission in periodic tungsten micro-pillar arrays deposited on silicon substrates is numerically investigated using finite-element simulations. Two-dimensional frequency-domain analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of one-, two- and three-pillar defects on elastic wave transmission characteristics. The results reveal strong defect-width-dependent transmission modulation together with the localized resonant elastic-wave redistribution within the periodic lattice. Full three-dimensional simulations further confirm the presence of defect-sensitive resonant localization and modified elastic-wave transport pathways. Floquet dispersion analysis of a periodic unit cell reveals multiple nearly flat resonant branches associated with low-group-velocity elastic-wave modes, indicating predominantly subwavelength locally resonant behavior. A comparative study between tungsten and copper resonators demonstrates enhanced resonant confinement in tung-sten-based structures due to their larger inertial contrast with the supporting sub-strate. The proposed defect-engineered micro-pillar lattices provide an effective approach for frequency-selective elastic-wave control and localized resonant wave ma-nipulation in elastic metamaterial systems.

Polycrystalline SrRu1-xCoxO3 (x = 0.0, 0.05) and CaRuO3 were rapidly synthesized (< 1 hour) by microwave irradiation of oxide powders, and their magnetic, magnetoresistance, thermal expansion, and magnetostriction properties were investigated. The microwave-synthesised SrRuO3 exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at TC = 160 K, metallic-type resistivity, and negative magnetoresistance, with magnitudes comparable to those of a sample synthesized by conventional heating over 24 hours. Upon lowering the temperature from 300 K, the linear thermal expansion shows a transition from the usual contraction in the paramagnetic state to spontaneous expansion in the ferromagnetic state (invar-like effect). The application of an external magnetic field at a fixed temperature results in isotropic expansion of the length, implying a positive magnetovolume effect. The volume magnetostriction is 40 ppm at 10 K in a magnetic field of 50 kOe, and it reaches a maximum value of 60 ppm close to TC. The spontaneous thermal expansion is diminished in SrRu0.95Co0.05O3. While the magnetostriction is anisotropic at 10 K, the isotropic behaviour is recovered above 80 K, and the maximum value of the positive magnetovolume is comparable to that of the parent compound. Our results suggest that the magnetovolume effect in SrRu1-xCoxO3 is related to competition between robust tilting/rotation of RuO6 octahedra and spin-orbit interaction of the doped Co2+ ions

The ordered iron nitride phase $\alpha''-\mathrm{Fe}_{16}\mathrm{N}_2$ is a promising candidate for environment-friendly, rare-earth-free permanent magnets due to its demonstrated giant saturation magnetization ($M_s$). However, first-principles electronic-structure calculations have struggled to consistently reproduce experimentally-observed high $M_s$, and have yielded highly variable magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) values. In this work, we employ Density Functional Theory under the GGA+$U$ framework to study the effect of the Hubbard parameters $U$ and $J$ on the magnetic properties of $\mathrm{Fe}_{16}\mathrm{N}_2$. We demonstrate that the electronic structure exhibits high sensitivity to these parameters, specifically uncovering a van Hove singularity near the Fermi level ($E_F$), inherently tied to the material's structural and thermal phase instability. By linking this topological anomaly to the calculated magnetic properties, we demonstrate that the selection of $U$ not only tunes $M_s$ and MCA energy towards experimental values but also reveals an underlying electronic mechanism potentially responsible for the phase's metastability. This provides a framework for understanding the correlation-driven magnetic behavior of $\mathrm{Fe}_{16}\mathrm{N}_2$ and offers a pathway for optimizing its stability and performance in practical applications.

We conduct a comprehensive dynamical analysis of quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) dispersions of Brownian particles with competing short-range attractive (SA) and long-range repulsive (LR) interactions using Langevin dynamics (LD) and multiparticle collision dynamics (MPC). As the attractive interaction is strengthened, self-diffusion is significantly suppressed, and clustering gives rise to pronounced subdiffusive behavior. We find that cluster lifetimes are influenced more strongly by attraction strength than by particle concentration. Two dynamical criteria for the transition from non-clustered to clustered phases are identified in terms of the mean cluster lifetime and the relaxation time of local hexagonal order, respectively. Moreover, clustered Q2D-SALR systems exhibit pronounced non-Gaussian dynamics. In particular, the self-van Hove function in the equilibrium-cluster phase displays an approximately exponential form, consistent with an underlying diffusing-diffusivity mechanism. Importantly, MPC simulations reveal the critical role of hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) in collective dynamics. We observe that the anomalously enhanced large-scale collective diffusion characteristic of hydrodynamically interacting Q2D systems is qualitatively preserved in Q2D-SALR dispersions. However, this enhancement suppresses the intermediate-range-order peak in the hydrodynamic function compared to its three-dimensional counterpart. Furthermore, by analyzing the time-dependent evolution of hydrodynamic function and the sound mode in hydrodynamic correlations, we find that clustering in Q2D-SALR systems leads to an earlier onset of HIs than in Q2D hard-sphere reference systems, implying HIs become relevant already on inertial timescales.

Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in Sr-doped infinite-layer nickelate films on SrTiO$_3$(001), we explore the broader landscape of $AB$O$_2$ oxides through comprehensive high-throughput first-principles simulations. Specifically, delafossites and their ordered rock-salt (111) variants stand out as intriguing layered oxides that share the infinite-layer $AB$O$_2$ stoichiometry and simultaneously retain a perovskite-like octahedral motif. This positions them as a unique structural bridge between these two phases and as promising candidates for novel correlated electronic states. We compile a phase diagram that compares the relative stability of these four distinct oxides across the periodic table. Surprisingly, we find that the delafossite structure rivals the infinite-layer phase in thermodynamic stability for the nickelates, and even more for the recently suggested palladate and platinate analogs. Comparison of the respective electronic structures reveals that the delafossite compounds, which we find to be characterized by reversed cation order, exhibit a strongly $d_{z^2}$-dominated Fermi surface, in stark contrast to the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ character observed in the infinite-layer phases. Among all candidates, the La-Ni combination stands out as a thermodynamic optimum for stabilizing the infinite-layer motif. Furthermore, we show that hole doping via Ca, Sr, and Ba systematically enhances the stability of the infinite-layer phase in all three transition-metal families. These results reveal fundamental challenges in realizing bulk substrate-free infinite-layer oxides, and simultaneously offer guidance for future experimental synthesis efforts targeting novel superconducting compounds.

Electrons in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess valley and spin degrees of freedom, which leads to rich exciton and exciton-polariton physics with nontrivial scattering dynamics and enhanced nonlinearities, presenting a key mechanism for photonic devices. Yet, existing descriptions of bosonization and polariton interactions in TMD-based systems overlook the valley degree of freedom as well as the various particles' spins combinations. In this work, we derive a nonequilibrium field-theory approach in the path integral formalism that allows to track all the polariton nonlinearities in the strong coupling regime. We demonstrate that, when all the bright and dark exciton species are considered, the TMD monolayer-based polariton systems feature sixteen different nonlinear contributions due to interactions and even more saturation-related terms. Strikingly, while the interactions of excitons within one valley are overall dominant, we show that the contribution to the blueshift from spin-dark excitons is much higher than that from bright intravalley excitons.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) constitute a highly tunable platform for probing the interplay between structural chirality and quantum transport in quasi-one-dimensional systems. Here, we perform a systematic study of the non-equilibrium orbital response across a broad set of metallic and semiconducting chiral CNTs. We find that the orbital Edelstein susceptibility depends strongly on both chirality and nanotube diameter, revealing that the orbital response cannot be captured by a universal scaling law. Instead, distinct families of CNTs emerge, forming characteristic orbital-response branches uniquely determined by the chiral wrapping vector. We further investigate the role of metallic contacts on orbital-current generation and orbital selectivity. While metallic CNTs rapidly recover their intrinsic orbital response away from the contact region, semiconducting CNTs display pronounced oscillatory behavior arising from interference between transport channels carrying different angular momenta injected by wide-band metallic contacts. Finally, by incorporating angular correlations into the contact self-energy, we demonstrate that chiral CNTs can operate as efficient orbital-angular-momentum filters, selectively transmitting orbitally textured electronic states in accordance with the crystal angular momentum of the propagating bands.

Twisted van der Waals bilayers form moiré superlattices whose structural and vibrational properties are highly sensitive to variations in local stacking registry and the degree of atomic reconstruction, yet accurate atomistic modeling of these systems at the DFT level remains computationally prohibitive at small twist angles. We investigate machine-learned interatomic potentials for moiré systems, using twisted bilayer graphene, h-BN, and MoS$_2$ as representative materials spanning a broad spectrum of mechanical compliance and atomic reconstruction behavior. We show that fine-tuning universal atomistic foundation models is essential to achieve DFT accuracy for layered materials, as broadly trained foundation models prove insufficient for resolving the subtle interlayer energetics that govern atomic reconstruction. Through local strain tensor analysis and the phonon band unfolding technique, our fine-tuned MACE model reveals a consistent reconstruction-induced strain landscape in all three materials, with extended low-energy stacking domains separated by narrow soliton lines where deformation concentrates. The system progressively optimizes the local stacking registry within each domain, giving rise to a spatially structured deformation field whose amplitude scales with the mechanical compliance of the material and can be further tuned by external perturbation. The obtained results of both atomic reconstructed structures and moiré phonon spectra present a good agreement with the reported experiments, thereby demonstrating the accuracy and efficiency of our methodology in modeling of these large scale nanomaterials.

We present a non-Markovian open-quantum-system formalism for nonequilibrium electron-phonon dynamics: a closed set of five coupled equations of motion, derived directly from the density matrix, in which memory, dissipative broadening, and coherent-phonon dynamics arise on an equal footing without two-time correlators. It recovers the Fan-Migdal, RPA-polarization, and Ehrenfest self-energies and the Lindblad and Boltzmann limits. In the strongly driven Holstein dimer it separates the coherent polaronic peak, of Ehrenfest origin, from the linewidths and multiphonon structure of Fan-Migdal origin.

IGR J17480-2446 is a low-mass X-ray binary, harboring an exceptional accreting pulsar (a neutron star) with an unusual spin frequency of 11 Hz and a very slow post-outburst crust cooling. The former may imply that it is observed at an early stage of recycling, while the latter was shown to indicate the presence in the outer crust of a low thermal conductivity layer, possibly made of glass. Here we argue that the glass layer formation is a natural result of accretion induced failure of pristine cold crystal crust. This allows us to determine the mass of the accreted material as $\Delta M \approx 2.4\times 10^{-6}~M_\odot$, confirming very early accretion stage for this neutron star. An analysis of spin and thermal state reveals a peculiar set of neutron star birth properties which is commonly associated with `recycled' neutron stars, i.e.\ those that have been experiencing prolonged periods of accretion from a companion. We speculate that such birth properties may represent the outcome of neutron star formation in an electron-capture supernova.

The present work investigates the changes in overall nanomechanical properties of reactively sputtered TiN-AlN multilayer films arising due to phase transformation in the AlN layers. Multilayered TiN-AlN films were sputter deposited with constant TiN layer thickness of 5 nm while the AlN layer thickness varied between 1-5 nm. The AlN underwent a phase transition from cubic rock salt to hexagonal wurtzite above 3 nm thickness due to the lattice strains. The hardness and indentation modulus of the multilayers decreased with increasing AlN film thickness, up to 3 nm, due to increased volume fraction of softer AlN layer and then stabilized for 4 nm and 5 nm thickness films. Micropillar compression of these multilayers showed a transition from columnar brittle to partially ductile failure associated with crack deflection with increasing AlN film thickness. Interestingly, nanoindentation scratch resistance of 3 nm AlN multilayer was observed to be superior compared to all other films. The crack propagation behavior in scratching showed increased microcracking tendency towards higher AlN film thickness. This shows that cubic to hexagonal transformation in AlN is beneficial for improving the damage tolerance of the multilayer system.

We investigate the transport and fluctuation properties of self-propelled particles whose motion is governed by an age-dependent phase-switching mechanism. The dynamics alternate between a Markovian downstream phase with a constant switching probability $r$ and a semi-Markovian upstream phase in which the age-dependent hazard probability $a/(b+c)$ decays with the internal clock $c$, representing persistent orientation. The time-averaged velocity, as an order parameter, shows a continuous transition at $a=1$ which separates an upstream-dominated ballistic regime ($a<1$) from an ergodic diffusive regime ($a>1$). Through generating-function methods and discrete-time moment recurrences, we derive exact expressions for the propagator and determine the long-time asymptotics of the mean displacement and variance. At the critical point $a=1$, the system exhibits giant fluctuations, with the variance scaling ballistically up to a logarithmic correction, $\mathrm{Var}(x_T) \propto T^2 / \log T$. These results demonstrate how slowly decaying reorientation probabilities lead to a marginal breakdown of the Central Limit Theorem, enabling unusually high-variance exploratory dynamics in biased environments.

Spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) inherently exhibit thermally driven phase fluctuations that render their dynamics truly stochastic. Here, we demonstrate that, despite this intrinsic randomness, the probability of occupying each phase state can be deterministically and continuously programmed. We experimentally investigate a vortex-based STNO operating under second-harmonic injection-locking, where the oscillator phase settles into two degenerate attractors separated by $\pi$ and undergoes thermally activated phase jumps. By applying a weak radio-frequency perturbation at the free-running frequency, we tune the phase-jump rates between the two attractors without suppressing the fluctuations, achieving continuous probability control from the unbiased limit to values approaching 0 or 1. The bias phase selects which attractor is favored while the bias amplitude sets the strength of the imbalance, providing two complementary control knobs within a single nanoscale device. A phase-reduced description based on an effective quasipotential quantitatively accounts for the observations. These results establish injection-locked STNOs as programmable stochastic elements and provide a hardware primitive for probabilistic computing, Ising machines, and brain-inspired computing architectures.

The present research presents potentials and complementary potentials used in the one-dimensional nonlocal integral formulations. The pure stress and the pure strain nonlocal formulations were considered. While the potential used in the strain driven formulation is well known, the complementary potential has not yet been presented in the literature. The same applies to the stress driven formulation. The equivalent formulations are obtained by resorting to the Legendre transformation, and their equivalence is proved. It is also shown that these results can be used to postulate a novel potential, i.e. a kind of mixed stress-strain potential, which is, however, as ill-conditioned as the pure strain-driven formulation. Finally, an example is given that practically confirms that the stress-driven formulations resulting from the potential and the complementary potential are equivalent.

Bulk acoustic wave resonators (BAWR) and bandpass filters operating at GHz frequency are the workhorse of (Vo-)LTE telecommunication and broadband internet. In line with the Singapore Green Plan 2030 for innovating environmentally friendly products, we fabricated lead-free BAWR with sodium niobate (NaNbO3) piezoelectric on silicon with a high electromechanical coupling factor up to 31.3% operating at ~4 GHz. We disclose our crucial strategy where the NaNbO3 layer is cladded between two thin layers of high band gap insulators, which satisfies two primary objectives, i.e. leakage current mitigation and crack avoidance. In addition, we also verified the efficacy of reducing lattice parameters of the cladding layers in promoting vertically distorted tetragonal phase NaNbO3 and producing stronger BAWR signals.

As quantum computers remain susceptible to noise, QEC is essential for preserving logical information during computations. However, the performance of QEC codes breaks down beyond certain noise thresholds, revealing fundamental limits on their ability to protect quantum information. These limits can be characterized using information-theoretic measures such as the coherent information, which quantifies the maximum rate at which logical information can be reliably transmitted through a noisy quantum channel. In this work, we establish a direct connection between the CI and the binary cross-entropy loss used when training neural network decoders. Specifically, we show that the CI constitutes a sharp lower bound on the achievable loss for decoders that track logical operators across noisy channels. To this end, we develop a transformer-based neural network model based on maximum likelihood decoding. We train this network to estimate the CI and evaluate its performance on the surface code under three noise models: code capacity, phenomenological, and circuit-level noise. Our results demonstrate that the network accurately predicts CI and yields threshold estimates that closely match known theoretical limits. When used as a decoder, the network significantly outperforms the minimum weight perfect matching decoder in terms of logical error rate. We also introduce a novel soft post-selection scheme that independently treats uncertainty in both logical operators and relies on confidence-based filtering of the network's output. We prove that such post-selection strategies, based on the MLD cosets, are optimal, and demonstrate their scalability in terms of both logical error rate and abort probability. These findings establish transformer-based architectures as powerful tools for QEC and provide the first numerical evidence supporting the optimality and scalability of MLD-based post-selection.

Magnons in antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators facilitate low-dissipation, stray-field-free spin transport. However, achieving nonvolatile, field-free control over magnon spin currents remains elusive. Here, based on symmetry analysis, we propose a universal mechanism for the active manipulation of magnon spin transport via ferroelastic transitions in two-dimensional (2D) altermagnets (AMs)-a class of unconventional AFMs simultaneously exhibiting compensated magnetization and nonrelativistic spin splitting. We show that these transitions effectively reorient principal crystal axes and modulate the underlying magnetic exchange anisotropy. Consequently, this magnetoelastic coupling drives nonrelativistic anisotropic spin transport that is ferroelastically switchable without the need for external magnetic fields or Berry curvature, leading to sign reversals in the spin Seebeck and spin Nernst conductivities. We validate this mechanism using first-principles calculations and spin-model analyses of an AM CoTe2 monolayer. Our findings establish a symmetry-based magnetoelastic paradigm for the nonvolatile control of magnon spin transport in 2D AMs, opening new avenues toward energy-efficient, reconfigurable AFM magnonic devices.

We develop a hybrid framework that integrates a phase-field model (PFM) with an attention-enhanced deep learning (DL) architecture to study ternary spinodal dealloying, a sophisticated self-organization approach used to fabricate three-dimensional bicontinuous, hierarchical nanoporous materials. The study captures three distinct phase-separation mechanisms that emerge during the early stages of spinodal decomposition in both two and three dimensions. The DL workflow consists of three key components: (i) a dimensionality-reducing autoencoder that provides compact representations of high-resolution microstructure images (256x256x3), (ii) an attention-augmented convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) network that learns complex spatiotemporal correlations governing microstructure evolution, and (iii) a novel slice-by-slice strategy that enables extension of the model to three-dimensional systems (128x128x128x3). We further demonstrate a hybrid simulation strategy in which PFM accurately captures rapid early-stage microstructure evolution, while the DL model efficiently predicts late-stage coarsening dynamics. The trained DL model achieves remarkable predictive accuracy, maintaining fidelity up to 400 timesteps ahead and generalizing to compositions outside the training distribution. By bridging the physical fidelity of PFM with the computational efficiency of DL, this framework establishes a robust platform for predictive modeling of microstructure evolution in complex multicomponent systems.

Ferroelectricity is a property of materials that exhibit spontaneous charge polarization. Ferroelectricity in 2D materials is interesting because of their applications in memory devices and field-effect transistors. Recently, a new type of ferroelectricity, known as sliding ferroelectricity, has been discovered, in which parallel-stacked bilayers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) develop an out-of-plane electric polarization. In this work, we probe the polarization of small-angle parallel stacked WSe$_2$ by measuring its high-frequency AC response, achieved by embedding it into a half-wave superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a hysteretic response in the capacitance of the stack and quality factor of the cavity, confirming ferroelectric switching in the system. Our results further reveal relaxation effects associated with ferroelectric domain-wall motion. This cavity-based technique has potential applications in probing domain-wall dynamics in a ferroelectric system at high frequencies.

Multiple-$Q$ magnetism in itinerant electron systems enables complex spin crystals and noncoplanar textures even in centrosymmetric settings. We study a minimal momentum-space spin model on a square lattice with four symmetry-related ordering wave vectors, including bilinear and biquadratic interactions under an out-of-plane magnetic field. Using simulated annealing, we obtain the field-dependent phase diagram and identify successive transitions among single-$Q$, double-$Q$, and multiple inequivalent quadruple-$Q$ states. The quadruple-$Q$ manifold exhibits rich internal structures: the states sharing the same wave vectors differ in phase locking, amplitude distribution, and noncoplanarity, leading to distinct real-space textures and scalar spin chirality patterns. Our results demonstrate that momentum-space frustration and biquadratic coupling provide an efficient route to stabilizing diverse quadruple-$Q$ spin crystals, offering a general framework for higher-order spin textures in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets.

Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial for predicting the stability of networks under various perturbations. In this study, we present an analysis of virus-related networks for several organisms (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Gallus gallus), encompassing directed and weighted connections. We compute a range of network parameters, including topological characteristics and thermodynamic quantities derived from adjacency spectra, to gain insights into the structural robustness and dynamic behavior of the networks. To assess stability, we model two distinct node removal scenarios: targeted elimination of the most influential nodes and random removal. Our findings reveal transition-like behavior in spectral thermodynamic functions and characteristic changes in structural measures, contributing to evaluating the potential of a thermodynamic framework for studying virus-host networks and advancing a deeper understanding of their dynamics.

A theoretical framework is developed for the electron miniband structure in one-dimensional chains of spherical quantum dots subjected to weak positional disorder. Within the tight-binding approximation combined with the effective-medium approach, the stochastic fluctuations of the inter-dot spacing are mapped onto the renormalization of the key Hamiltonian parameters: the hopping integral $ B $, the overlap integral $ Q $, and the on-site energy shift $ M $. Analytical expressions for these disorder-renormalized parameters are derived by performing an ensemble average over a narrow Gaussian distribution of positional deviations ($ \sigma \ll a $). The resulting generalized dispersion relation shows that weak positional disorder causes a broadening of the minibands. Specifically, for typical fabrication fluctuations $\sigma = 0.1\,a $, the miniband width increases by 8-12% (depending on the mean inter-dot distance $a$). At the same time, the sensitivity of the miniband width to disorder decreases rapidly with increasing lattice period due to the exponential decay of the electron wave functions. In the considered weak-disorder regime, the Anderson localization length significantly exceeds the lattice constant, so the miniband states remain delocalized.

The study is devoted to enhancing the existing techniques of calculating Mayer's expansion cluster integrals for lattice models of matter. Two important optimizations are proposed: simplifying the calculation of the integrand at each integration point and reducing the number of such integration points due to eliminating physically identical configurations. Based on those optimizations, new data on high-order cluster integrals are obtained for a number of 2D and 3D lattice models.

This study is aimed at exploring the structural and electronic properties of doped MoS$_2$ monolayers, including Mo and S vacancies and As doped systems, employing DFT calculations. The electronic properties were analyzed to understand how these modifications affect the behavior of the material. Introduction of defects generates new defect states in the midgap. In the S-vacancy (V$_\text{S}$), Mo-vacancy (V$_{\text{Mo}}$), As-Mo (As substituting Mo), and As-S (As substituting S) doped systems, the downward shift of the Fermi level to the valence band indicates a $p$-type behavior. In the As interstitial system the Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, suggesting an $n$-type semiconductor. The results highlight that doping MoS$_2$ with As, particularly at the Mo site, can be used in photocatalysis and high-efficiency photovoltaics. Additionally, the As interstitial system demonstrates an enhanced performance in field-effect transistors (FETs).

This paper presents a complete two-dimensional theoretical model for the electromagnetic behavior of square-section solid magnetic bars under sinusoidal loading. Through the application of Maxwell's equations within a Cartesian coordinate system and the integration of complex permeability, exact mathematical expressions are derived for mutual impedance, internal magnetic fields, flux, and core losses. Hyperbolic functions are utilized to separate the variables, enabling the accurate representation of edge flux accumulation and the 2D skin effect. In addition to mathematically decoupling eddy current and hysteresis losses, this formulation yields a new apparent permeability parameter. This parameter establishes a fast, reliable method for magnetic steel characterization that bypasses the extensive processing times associated with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Numerical results over 1 Hz-1 MHz show the apparent relative permeability decreasing from 500 to 300 and a characteristic resistance peak near 700 kHz, marking the transition from volumetric to surface-dominated loss regimes.